B~ITISH CEOLOCIC~ SURVEY _. LIBRARY SERVICES ___ ~~_al_ ,No. \(' v c \"1 c) C) Scan -_j Display ~1 __ ._ __ Geosystems Map ~~ Min. Int. ~~.:_ .. ____ 1 Min. Slats. Circulate to: Return to Library

REPUBLIC OF

ANNUAL REPORT

OFTHE

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT

FOR THE YEAR

1976

PRIl\"TED BY THE GOVERl'\MENT PRlr\TER, GABOROI"E, BOTSWAKA 1. GENERAL

1.1 Introduction

The Geological Survey Department remained part of the Ministry of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs and continued in its primary function cf gathering data on all aspects of the rocks and minerals of Botswana. There were no major cha­ nges in the organisation of the Department which comprises a Directorate (Director, Deputy Director and assistant Director); three Operational Divisions (Regional Mapping, Hydrogeology and Economic Geclogy); six Technical Service Branches (Labora­

tory, Geophysics, Drawing Office, Lapidary Worksho~ Library and Drilling); plus Administration and Training wings. A de­ cision was taken however to modify the Department's activities in 1977 when respcnsibility for underground water production will be transferred to the Department of Water Affairs.

1.2 Summary of Year's Work

The professional and technical cadres were almost fully staffed making 1976 a very productive year in all operational activities of the Department. Only the post of Technical Records officer remained vacant for much of the year and the post of Principal Chemist was vacated in July on the departure of Mr. L.G. Hutton after 8 years' service. Two German geo­ logists were recruited through West German Technical Aid and one Dutch hydro geolo gi s t under Dutch Techni cal Coopera tion. Two recently graduated local geologists also joined the Depar­ tment allowing locali zation of a further two professional posts. Professional and technical expatriates will continue to f'J rm the ba ckbone of the Departmen t for several years to come but there is now an inc'reasing number of students schedu­ led to study geological sciences in overseas institutions and a definite pattern of locali zation is becoming increasingly established. In the technical cadres, progress in the tra­ ining of local officers continued under the formal Driller

1 Training Scheme and at the informal level at Headquarters and through a day-release scheme whereby technical assistants are given basic science tuition at the National Vocational Training Centre. In December a Peace Corps Volunteer was appointed to give in-service training to Laboratory Assistants. The Administrative Officer, Mr. K.F. Mokobi, attended a 6-week management course at the Institute of Development Management ,in .

Under the Department's regional mapping programme revision mapping of nine quarter degree sheets comprising the block was completed. The arrival in April of Dr. G. C. Clark to fill the long vacant post of Principal Geologist in charge of the Field Mapping Division provided for better coordination of this work and improved consistency in documentation. Fourteen coloured geological maps are now in the production line and it is hoped that, wi th the facili ties available in the new Drawing Offi ce, these maps can be speedily published. Wi th the commissioning in April of a new multipurpose Hydroq Gryphon 10 drilling rig acquired through UK technical aid a return has been made to the Kalatraverse drilling programme. This was suspended in 1974 due to the lack of suitable drilling equipment to deal with the thick overburden of Kalahari beds. About twelve holes are planned and the results should reveal the relationship between bedrock geology in the east and west si des of the country.

The Economic Geology Division embarked on a top priority investigation into gold minerali zation in basal Transvaal conglo­ merates in southeast Botswana. Anomalous gold values were disco­ vered in these rocks during a regional survey of minerali zation associated with the Gaborone granite and its envelope. By Septem­ ber a major operation using five departmental drilling rigs had been mounted. Investigations into the banded ironstone deposits of the area were completed and delineation of the northern margin of the Greater Morupule Coalfield was undertaken. The long term geochemical atlas project continued and the north half of the eas­ tern strip has now 0een compiled. On the industrial minerals side

2 work continued in assessing clay deposi ts and a survey of industrial minerals available within a 70 kilometre radius of Dukwe was begun at the request of the Sua Project Management Unit. Operational ass­ istance was provided to a UNIIXl-sponsored Clay Products and Non­ Metallic Mineral Products Consultancy undertaken by a team of Cze­ choslovakian experts. The coal geologist continued to collate and analyse the large amount of information accruing from private sec­ tor coal exploration in the country.

Major changes occured in the traditional role played by the Department in groundwater development. Much of the effort in the past has been directed towards production siting and drilling but, with the big improvement in staffing in the HYdrogeology Division and the deployment of the UK-sponsored GS10 Groundwater Evaluation Project, it has now been possible to focus attention on resource evaluation and assessment. Data collection and storage has been upgraded and reconnaissance groundwater resource maps for the whole country are being prepared. A major contribution to this work will be undertaken by the GS10 Project. Work commenced in two areas selected for detailed evaluation of primary aquifers in the Karoo. The water-bearing characteristics of the Transvaal dolomites and buried river gravels in the Kalahari succession are also being investigated by the team. The Department also contributed to groun­ water resources evaluation studies around Dukwe for the Sua Project Management Unit and for a major ranching development scheme in south Botswana. The Division was kept busy on the production side and because of lack of siting and drilling capacity three drilling contracts and two siting contracts operated during the year. In the area of groundwa ter research maj or con tri buti ons were provi de d to the study of nitrate pollution of village water supplies and to the chemistry of the swamp waters of the Okavango Delta.

Under the Department's development programme, which is funded mainly through OVerseas aid donors, there was satisfactory progress. Of the major regional geophysical surveys being undertaken the resul­ ts of the UK-funded National Gravity Survey (GS05) were published

3 during the year and the flying phase of the CrDA sponsored Airborne Magnetic Survey (GS12) was completed in March and data compilation continued through the remainder of the year. The results of these surveys will contribute greatly to elucidating the concealed geology of the Kalahari basin and mining companies have already expressed much interest in the gravity data. The Groundwater Evaluation Project (GSIO), referred to above, got underway in the middle of the year despite staffing problems. Unfortunately two other major groundwater evaluation projects - Okavango Groundwater(GS13) and Groundwater Search for the Tribal Grazing Land Programme (GS15) continued to suffer delays in donor acceptance. However, some deep electrical soundings were made in the Okavango Del ta by the Geophy­ sics Branch in support of the Okavango Project. There were further delays in plans to build and equip a Mineral Dressing Laboratory (GSll) and SrDA accepted to undertake a programme of continued seismic research in the Okavango Delta (GS16). The Department's own BUilding Programme (GS08) funded through domestic development funds continued to progress slowly. A new drawing office was vir­ ually completed by the end of the year and the old drawing office block was renovated and will provide necessary extra space including a badly needed conference room in the future. Plans were drawn up for a new geophysics block which will further relieve congestion in the divisional buildings.

One district memoir, three bulletins, several contributions to scientific journals, and two full colour standard quarter degree geological sheets were published during the year. Preparation of material for publication still suffers delays fro~ the absence of a full-time editor on the staff but wi th the filling of the Principal Geologist Field Mapping post it is hoped that output will improve.

The Director attended a seminar of Heads of Geological Surveys in Commonwealth African countries, sponsored by the Commonwealth Geological Liaison office, in Accra in April at which problems common to African Geological Survey Departments were discussed and resolutions to remedy them were adopted. The Deputy Director visited

4 Australia in August to represent Botswana at the 25th International Geological Congress. The Department contributed to the Symposium on the Okavango Delta held in Gaborone in September.

Technical oooperation visits were paid to the Department by British, Canadian and West German officials. The final year's field­ work and data collection excercise of the UK-sponsored Satellite Imagery Interpretation Project was accomplished through the visit of the two project geologists from the Institute of Geological Sciences, London and a report and maps are under preparation.

The Director continued to serve c·n,ne Mineral Policy Committee and the Natural Resources Technical Committee. The Director also assisted in the preparation of cabinet memoranda and attended a number of informal cabinet meetings. Work in administering private sector prospecting including the negotiation and issue of licences and the provision of an advisory service to the Ministry of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs continued to occupy a high proportion of the Director's time.

On the private sector side there was a marked increase in in­ terest in company prospecting during the latter half of the year. This coincided with general improvement in the world economic situa­ tion, the revival of company interest in investing in mineral search and the continued stability of Botswana in an area where political condi tions continued to deteriorate. While interest in base metals and diamonds continued to be the mainstay of exploration in Botswana three commodi ties - radioactive minerals, manganese and coal have become of especial interest to companies. Following the disoovery of uranium minerals in the Karoo deposits of Zambia and South Africa attention has turned to Botswana and five licences for radio­ active minerals were issued during the year. There was a similar marked interest in manganese in the south part of the oountry where the Griquatown irons tones and the associated manganiferouB minerali­ zation are known to extend across the Molopo River from the northern Cape. Continued attention vias given by companies to ooal and Govern­ ment

5 provided the necessarJ' stimul\:.s to major development of the coal mining industry by de-restricting the Greater Morupule Coalfield and issuing a licence to Shell Coal Botswana fcr reserve evaluation and minir.g feasi bili ty studies. Other developments in the miTleral field included plans to aocelerate development of diamond pipes in the Jwa.neng kimberli te fiel c. of southern Botswana, the gypsum depo­ sits at Topsi, renewed interest in Makgadikgadi brines and a new approach to exploring for asbestos in the Molopo ul trabasi c pro'lince.

The basis for a major and well diversified mineral industry in Botswana seems to be now well established and the Geolcgioal Survey Department continues to play an important role ir. this satisfactory development.

1.3 Staff

Expatriates continued to occupy most of the Senior profe­ ssional and technioal posts. Some progress was made towards localisation however with the appointment of two newly qualified Batswana geologists. An experienoed Senior Supplies officer joined the Department in January after a campaign to improve Departmental stores facili ties lasting several years. All •.. mechanical workshop established Staff were transferred to the establishment of CTO and a T2 mechanic was placed in charge. Details of the establishment, vacancies as at 31st December 1976, and departures and arrivals during the year are as follows:

6 4. UNDERGROUND WATER DEVEWPMENT

Mr. B. Mctsete "as Acting Principal Geologist (Hydro­ geology) until mid-Deoember "hen Dr. W. Deohend assumed con­ trol. Dr. Deohend "as seconded from West- Germany in May. Other staff "ho joined the Division "ere G.A.G. Nelisse, (September) and J. Davies (Deoember). 1. Gale returned to the U.K. in September. The start, late in the year, of GS10, Evaluation of Underground Water Resouroes, sa" the arrival of J.L. Farr, J.H. Whitelavl and C.S. Cheney, all on U.K. Tech­ nioal Assistanoe terms. General support to the Hydrogeology Division "as provided by R. Peart, geophysioist and P. Herbert, Soientifio assistant. T"o oontraotors "ere employed to help >!i th borehole si ting. The aoti vi ties of eaoh member of the Division are summarised as follo"s :

Mr. B. Motsete "as mainly ocoupied >!ith the aotivities of the Drilling Branch and siting of boreholes besides his "ork as Aoting Prinoipal.

Mr. IoN. Gale colleoted hydrogeological data from Distriot Counoils as he has been a oounterpart on the pre-GS10 projeot. He espeoially "orked on a Tribal Land Development Project in Western Ng"aketse District and produoed a very detailed report of this area.

Dr. Deohend "as mainly ooncerned vU th the oompilation of 1: 120 000 Hydrogeologi oal Reconnai ssance Maps, a ne" series "hioh >!ill eventually cover the "hole oountry. The preliminary maps sho" indi vi dual boreholes, li thologi es, depths to first "ater, rest levels, pumping rates and yields (aooording to drillers reoords). This information is synthe­ sised on final sheets which sho" geologioal bOt:ndaries, aqui­ fer isopleths acoording to the International Legend for Hydro­ geologioal Maps published by UNESCO. All hydrogeological

26 data are related to Sea Level. A special series of maps was produced for the UNDP team working in the Okavango. Those show:

(a) Varia tions in groundwa ter salini ty (b) Groundwater types in terms of anions and cations. (c) RC0 : (Cl + S04) ratios which reflect the degree of 3 recharge.

Mr. G.A. G. Nelisse worked on the Rydrogeological Reco­ nnaissance Maps' in the area south of the 22nd degree of la­ titude. Re compiled all data on sheet 2424 as a preliminary to groundwater exploration for th8 De "Re8r8 &, Co. Project at .

Mr. Nelisse was further concerned wi th the existing groundwater recorders tended by the Department in the area and instructed Technical Assistants ho", to handle and maintain the instruments. He was also involved in wireline borehole logging.

Mr. J. Davies undertook an assessment of the Transvaal strata of southeast Botswana, especially the Transvaal dolo­ mi tes. He was also concerned wi th si ting of boreholes for water supply in different parts of the country, for instance for the De Beers' Project. Mr. Davies assisted W. Dechend in routine administration of the Division and was also involved in the activities of the Drilling Branch and the Drilling Contractors.

GSIO Evaluation of Under£Eound Water Resources

This is a United Kingdom funded development project with the initial aim of groundwater research throughout the whole of Botswana. A major rethink of the project in September by S.S.D. Foster and J.L. Farr lead to the conclusion that two of the most widespread and potentially important aquifer

27 systems in Botswana should be studied in detail: The Karoo System with studies in the area of ( District) and near (Central District) and the dolomites of the Transvaal system (Southern District). Preliminary work on both areas of the Karoo undertaken by the 2 Assistant Hydro­ geologists, Miss. J.H. Whitelaw and Mr. C.S. Cheney had begun by the end of 1976. Other project objectives wiU include a brief study of the grou.l1dwater potential of the weathered Stormberg basal ts and an investigation of the hydrogeological role of the Kalahari Beds.

Borehole Si tine;

Mr. R. Peart and Mr. P. Herbert sited boreholes for gro­ undwater supply. Because of shortage of Geophysicists in the Department, two contractors had to be employed for the mentioned work by the Government: Wellfiad Services Ltd. Gaborone and R.F. Loxton, Hunting and Associates, Johannes­ burg. They were engaged in the follovJing si ting projects : -

Peart Herbert W S L L H A

Central 30 Expl ora ti on 7 Villages 7 Villages ( Dukwe) 1 Animal production Ghan zi 4 Animal production Southern 10 C D C N. East 2 Villages 7 Villages 1 Roads and roads S. East 4 roads 4 villages Kweneng 10 roads

4.2 Drilling Branch Activities

In 1976 a total of 5 376 metres were drilled by the Dri-

28 lling Branch. Of the 58 boreholes which have been produced 34 were called 'successful' even if the yield was very low or the water discharge saline. The opinion of the Division in this regard is that a borehole is unsuccessful if its yield is less than 60 litres per minute for village water supply and 75 litres per minute for road construction.

On the basis of these figures, the success rate of the Drilling Branch amounts to 36 per cent of the total number of boreholes. Of the total drilled metres 34 per cent can be regarded as successful.

4. 3 CONTRACT DRILLING GS09

Contractors drilled 76 boreholes, totalling 5995 metres, with a 30 per cent sUCCeSS rate.

Appendix 4 is a statistical analysis of the drilling operations of Government drilling rigs and of the Contract Drillers.

Appendix 5 gives details of all drilling operations in 1976.

29 6. GEOPHYSICS

6.1 Introduction

Mr. D.G. Hutchins continued to be in charge of the Geophy­ sics Branch and was assisted by R. Peart, geophysicist, E. Mi1ner, Senior technical officer (Electronics) and P. Herbert, Technical officer.

The geophysics section were engaged on a variety of field pro­ grammes during the year.

The major field effort was devoted to hydrogeophysica1 sur­ veys for major development projects and routine village supplies. A wide range of geophysical techniques were employed in these investi gations and a total of 64 drilling si tes were selected by the department using geophysical methods, and 16 boreholes were logged geophysically. In addition to hydrogeophysical surveys the section was engaged on a geotechnical survey in the Serowe area, a mineral exploration survey at Diabo in South Eastern Botswana, and further geophysi cal research in the Okavango Del ta.

The geophysics section was also heavily com~itted to the aeromagnetic survey of Botswana carried out under contract by Terra Surveys Ltd. The production flying was completed by March 9th and manual and digital compilation of the data in Canada has continued throughout the year. The receipt of the final product, in the form of 1:125 000 profile maps and 1:500 000 contour maps is expected early 1977.

Assistance was also given to Wellfield Services and Loxton Hunting when they were engaged on government contract borehole si ting programmes.

6.2 Aeromagnetic Survey~ GS12

During January, February and up to 9th of March the flying

33 phase of this project was completed. A total of 151 010 line kilometres was flown within six months and the two aircraft logged a combined total of 981,62 hours. All the data was chec­ ked before the departure of the aircraft to ensure that the data was within specifications and that no-reflights were necessary.

Manual and Digital compilation has been carried out in Ottawa by Terra Surveys and by the end of the year preliminary profiles for over 60 per cent of the survey area had been received and approved. A proof copy of a 1:125 000 profile map was received in December and the format approved. Delays have been encountered in the preparation of 1:500 000 contour maps, due partly to the wide line spacing (4 kms) and the selection of a suitable filter to the profile data. Final delivery of planimetric maps, magne­ tometer profile maps, magnetometer contour maps, di gi tal data, original and intermediate data and a technical report is expected during the first half of 1977.

6.3 Okavango Underground Water Evaluation GS13

A total of eight deep electrical soundings (O'.lt to AB 6kms)

were conducted in the Okavango region to test the section IS ca­ pahili ty of undertaking the geophysi cal programme recommended by Astier (U.N. D.P.). A 2,5 KW Huntec LP. transmitter (modified to give D. c. output) was used as the power supply and a micro­ voltmeter with S.P. backing facility employed to measure the potential differences. Good quality sounding curves were attained at each site_ and it is apparent that the geophysics section will be able to undertake bo th the re si s ti vi ty and gravi ty surveys recommended for the project.

Interpretation of the curves has indicated thicknesses of Kalahari beds ranging from 200 metres around Maun to over 400 metres in the region of the Mababe depression. The interpreted

depths to basement were in good agreement wit~ geological and geophysical control where available (boreholes, seismic refraction).

34 A d.epartmental Bulletin, including data tables and a Bougl.ler Anomaly map was published ltlw:Lng 1976.

Three months were spent in tile Dllkwe area searching for se­ condary aqui fers using selected geophysi cal techtliques (gradi snt a:cray resistivity, spontaneous potential, magnetios and refraction seismics). A total of 30 sites were recommended for drilling, of wti.ch eight were drilled hefore the project was shelved.

The yields obt3.ined f:rom th.ese boreholes were satisfactory and indioated that the met'lOds used were efficient detectors of fault and fissure zones. Two boreholes gave average yields for the area (50 litres per minute) five yielded hetwectl 120 litres to 240 litres per minute and two yielded in excess of 975.

At be request of the Sua Project Management Dni t 15 bore­ holes were logged using the departments Gearhardt-Owen well logl:\er. The logs run were oaliper, natural gamma, gamma-gamma (bulk densi­ ty) and neutron-epi thermal neutron (porosi ty).

Nine borehol'3s were si ted i.n the Lekobola Pan-Bojal1amane area, Central District, to satisfy an expected ltemand of 2 500 li.­ tres per minute for the prooess of gypsum benefioation ·"hen min:l.ng CommenCes in the area covered by State Grant 9/71. Geophy~.i.oal techniques used were the same as in the Dukwe area wo. th the addi,­ tion of vertical electrioal soundings (Schlwnbergc;r). 'rheoe bore­ holes have not yet been drilled.

A total of 30 boreholes are required In the are/l immediatsly east of the Molopo farms for the proposed C. D. C. extensIon ranches.· This is an area of relatively thick (up to 150 1l1Otreo)

35 Kalahari deposits and this poses special problems to the execu­ tion of geophysical techniques, particularly resistivity soun­ ding. Fortunately the area is covered by aeromagnetic surveys and several boreholes have been sited on faults and contacts detected by the airborne survey and positioned accurately by ground traverses. Vertical electrical soundings and gradient array traverses have also been used to detect palaeo-drainage channels. Ten sites have been selected and further geophysical work awai ts the results of drilling. Drilling is currently underway on the first si te.

14 boreholes were sited in the North East and Central Districts for village supplies using mostly electrical resis­ ti vi ty and magneti c methods. Four boreholes were si ted in the area using similar techniques.

6.7 Geot£chnical Surv~

Three areas of proposed building development in the Serowe area were investi gated wi th the Huntec FS- 3 facsimile refraction seismograph in order to determine the depth to suitable founda­ tion material. Depths of overburden (black turf) in excess of 15 metres were indicated in all three areas whi ch were there­ fore declared unsuitable for building development.

6.8 Mineral ,E~ra ti on,

The or.ly mineral exploration geophysics undertaken during the year was a combined magnetic/induced polarisation/self pote­ ntial/resistivity/spectrometer reconnaisance surv83r of the Diabo prospect.

Three traverses were conducted but the results were inco­ nclusive. A possi ble marker hori zon was detected by the r.mgne­ tic traverses and possible faults were indioated by the self potential and resistivity method.s. It was unfortunate that the Induced Polarisation traverses were not executed satisfactorily

36 (a) Rocks Samples Determinations

Field Mappin..:;: 2 24 Dr. R.M. Key B. C. L. 1 12 Mr. Paul Lear Quartz 1 2 Dr. J. Davies (b) Minerals and Ores Coal Shale 1 3 Mr. J.N.M. Coates Diatomi te Mr. J. Wroblicki 1 7 Iron Ores Dr. D. Gould 8 56 Manganese Ore Dr. C.G. Clark 1 1

~~ Dr. R. M. Key 7 35

TO 'I'A L 22 140

Wa ter Analyses

As in previous years, analysis of groundwaters acco­ unted for the moet man hours. Towards the end of 1975 it was apparent that nitrate was present in very many water samples. The introduction of a reliable oolorimetric method for determination of nitrate ion in late 1975 gre­ atly simplified the task of oheoking the presenoe of ni­ trate in water samples. Beoause of the ever increasing number of samples oontaining ni trate in oonoentrations above the maximum World Health Organisation limit (W.H.O. 197 3) it was deoided to oonduot a study of the easily

acc~ible major villages in Botswana. The study revealed that many water sources contained nitrate at dangerously hi gh ooncen tra ti ons probaly fr'om human and animal souroes.

39 This conclusion was supported by absence of nitrate in water sources situated in the same aquifer but much further away from habi tation.

In the first instance the following villages were sampled : - Serowe, Kanye, , Mo chudi , , , .

A detailed report on the matter was wri tten by Button, Lewis and Skinner, circulated within Government and, in May, Mr. Lewis presented the report to Cabinet. The pcllution stu­ dies were later extended to cover Francisto\\'ll, Shoshong, Maha­ lapye, and two further progress reportc \"Iere wri tten detailing the findings in these Villages.

Later in the year, studiec "ere extended tc pollution of the Peleng River by effluer.t from the Bots\"lana Meat Commission. Some evidence of possible groundwater nitrate pollution was found. Some time was devoted to developing a method for deter­ mination of nitrate by a specific ion electrode method. Di­ fficulties due to chloride and bicarbonate interference hope­ fully have been overcome after consultation with the manufac­ turer. It is hoped that this method will be introduced on a routine basis in early 1977.

No. of samples k!~!!)1.~'!~

\"later samples 965 12 545 Effluent samples 122 366 indi vi dual ni tra te de terniina ti ons 165 165

?<';? TOTAL 1 ~,~ 13 076

40 '-"~~'-"-'-- ____ ""_"_'~_~ ____~~~ ___H'''<''~~ ___=~,=~~WU '~~"'~"~<""~~~~'~~"'~'_"'~~~""

APPENDIX 2

Statistics of Drilling Operations carried out by the Drilling Branch and Under Contract During 1976.

N. B. Boreholes for which no pumping rate is quoted in Appendix 5 are assumed to be unsuccessful.

~ .;; +> 00 00 00 ~ 00 ~ 00 o v v v 00 ~ ~ ~ ID 'H v " ID "' o o o ~ 00 00 o v -" -" ~ ~ o .g '" -" V v 00 ro 00 V " v II ~ H H 00 H 00 v v~ v o m ID o 00 m "ID '"P, o O~ o H H ~ . o H " ~ .0 o~ .0 .0 .~ .0 ID o o 0 00 "00 "'+> ~ § .q+> v ro v v 00 m o ~ v '"v o E .0 v+> ~ ~ 0 V v ~ v ~ E +> 00 v ~+> ~ H ~ > ~ II H .~ .~ .~ v ~ .;; "'H §0 'H 00 ~ o ·M • " " ID " " ~ P, m+> 000 m ~ 'H .0 v v~ ",,;; ",,;; .~ 00 0 m H ro ",,;; 0", '" E 00 .8 ~ ID ID ID v ,.,E m"ID ID v+> v· m ~ .~ 00 ~ v ID -" ID o ~ H o E 00 o v v ~~" .0 .~ -" 0 ~ H ~ H v+> ~ H o ~ +> ~+> .~ o+> o 'H ro ~+> H 00 "ID o +>-" .~ ID o " ~ ro o 00 00 p,v .~ ID .~ v o v ro ~ H ~ H "'.§ .o+> go" +> ~ ro v oo+> 00 > 00 v 0 v H o 00 .~ 00 v .8-.':. .8-.':. .8-.':. I 00 00 ~ > '" 0 'H ID .~ o 'H 0 'H H " "o+> v .0 v H o p, ~ g-i! ~ .q 00 -" 00 -" ro OH H H -" 'i::~ +> v ID +> ro 0'" m ~ ro m ~ +> v +> ID+> p,~ p,~ ,,~ +> .~ ro H • H • H • H +> OO~ '"000" H +> v o o 0 00 o 0 o ".0 .o'H ID 0 o '"" ro~ i'l z'H Z'H ..,,~ 0" A-" ~.2 r'lll zoo '" Z'H "' "'~ "'~ "'~ Central 40 17 5 22 18 3906 2 365 1 541 4 223 Ghan z:i 1 1 1 74 74 26

Kgalagadi 12 6 1 7 4 1 1 716 1 270 399 47 434

Kgatleng 10 3 1 4 6 692 246 446 1 353 Kweneng 18 7 1 8 10 1 232 642 590 1 061

North-East 5 4 4 1 316 223 93 268

North-West 22 10 2 12 9 1 1 199 659 513 27 1 318

South-East 1 1 1 1>J 130 22

Southern 25 5 1 1 7 18 2 106 668 1 438 1 329

TOTAL 134 53 12 1 66 66 2 11 371 6 277 5020 74 10 034

Drilled by Government 58 29 4 1 34 22 2 5 376 3 523 1 779 74 5 519 Drilled by Contractors 76 24 8 32 44 5 995 2 754 3 241 4 515 APPENDIX 3

Details of Boreholes

Official No. Locali ty District Customer Total Depth Depth Water Struck Static Water Level Pumping Rate Water Geology (m) (m) ( m) (L/min) Quali ty

3107 Dukwe Central Sua Proj. 250 55 41 55 Fresh Karroo 3108 South East Council 130 57 18 22 Fresh Gaborone Granite 3109 Kome Southern Pri vate 183 64 54 18 Waterberg Sandstone 3110 Serokolwane Kweneng ? 102 52 + 60 46 131 Fresh Stormberg Basalt 3111 Quara Quara Ghan zi L.P.M.U. 76 31 27 26 Kalahari Beds 3112 Dukwe Central Government 218 122 25 240 Saline Karroo Sandstone 3113 Shorobe North East Government 42 17 + 24 14 111 Fresh Kalahari Beds 3114 Sehitwa North East Government 27 18 12 74 Fresh Kalahari Beds 3115 K~reneng Government 54 Blank Stormberg Basalt 3116 Dukwe Central Sua Pan 101 87 35 45 Fresh Basement Granite 3117 Tamashanga North East Council 93 Blank Basement Granite 3118 Jakalas North East Government 93 ~ 24 15 Fresh Basement Granite 3119 Makaleng North East Government 61 27 - 35 21 68 Fresh Basement Granite 3120 9 .. 2km from Sehitwa North West Government 73 45 27 182 Fresh Kalahari Beds 3121 3 km n North West Government 79 41 27 Blank Saline Kalahari Beds Stateng 3122 Tsau Bridge North West Government 53 35 27 Blank. Kalahari Beds 3123 Stateng North West Government 49 28,35, + 96 24 225 Saline Kalahari Beds 3124 Katshikau North West Government 80 33 + 76 24 + 87 ~ Saline .Stormberg Basal t 3125 Kats~~kau North West Government 71 2 1 ~ Saline Kalahari Beds 3126 Tsau, 6km N. of North West Government 58 30 28 26 Fresh Kalahari Beds

31~ Dukwe Central Sua Proj. 197 116 + 150 26 600 Saline Basement Grani te 31~ Dukwe Central Sua Proj. 191 106 + 152 36 272 Fresh Basement Grani te

31~ Dukwe Central Sua Proj. 180 152 + !Il + 65 34 57 Fresh Basement Grani te 31~ Dukwe Central Sua Proj. 97 43 ~ 772 Saline Karroo Sandstone 3131 Dukwe Central Sua Proj. 137 48 ~ 151 Fresh Basement Granite 31~ Tsau Village North West Government 27 12,17 + 23 8 Blank. Kalahari Beds .ll~ Kgatleng Government 46 9 ~o Fresh Dolerite .ll~ Mochudi Kgatleng Government 79 18 18 Blank Fresh Chert

.ll~ Mochudi Kgatleng Government 46 23 23 Blank Doleri te .ll~ Mochudi Kgatleng Government 84 46 43 ~3 Fresh Dolerite .llTI Mochudi Kgatleng Government 49 33 450 Fresh Chert .ll~ Molepolole Kt"eneng Governrnent 99 300 Waterberg Sandstone Official No. Locality District Customer Total Depth Depth Water Struck Static Water Level Pumping rate 'Ha ter Quali ty Geology (m) (m) (m) (L/min)

3139 Molepolole Kweneng Government 91 200 Waterberg Sandstone 3140 Molepolole Kweneng Government 122 Blank Waterberg Sandstone 3141 Dukwe Central Go-"ernment 168 91 42 61 Fresh Basement Granite 3142 Tsau North West Government 70 34 27 18 Fresh Kalahari Beds 3143 Nokaneng North West Government 58 2! 2l 90 Fresh Kalahari Beds 3144 Gomare North West Government 58 32 2! Blank. Saline Kalahari Beds 3145 Gomare North West Government 77 77 73 18 Saline Kalahari Beds 3146 Etsha North Hest Government 43 22 19 5 Fresh Kalahari Beds 3147 Gomare North Hest Government 52 2l 15 22 Kalahari Beds 3148 Etsha North Hest Council 59 17 79 91 Fresh Kalahari Beds 3149 Etsha North Hest Council 55 26 + 34 20 18 Fresh Kalahari Beds 3150 Toteng North West Council 2! 24 20 23 Saline Kalahari Beds 3152 Moremaoto Central Council 65 27 12 198 Kalahari 3eds 3153 Kang Kgalagadi Council 217 135 131 110 Fresh Karroo Sands tone 3155 Dukwe Central Sua Proj. 198 90 40 150 Fresh Base:ll:ent Schi.sts 3156 Dukwe Central Sua Proj. 136 48 40 30 Fresh 3asezen't Grani te 3157 Dukwe Central Sua Proj. 46 Blank. Xarroo Sandstone 31 SS Dukwe Cen tral Sua Proj. 57 Blank XarToo Sandstone Kiddlepi ts Kgalagadi Government 122 6 14 Fresh Iblerite 31 N'" 49 3160 Xoremaoto Central Council 61 14 13 :Blacl:: Kalahari Beds 3161 Toromoja Central Council 61 14 13 200 Kalahari Beds 3162 Xakoba Central Council 169 140 22 171 Sali:=.e Stormberg Basalt 3163. J(09i 'Pi Central Council 6 Blank Kalahari Beds

3164 JLaL.aba ~ntral Council 169 140 22 32 ~sh Stormberg Basalt 3165 3.~na.bana So ... 'the::-:r:. Roads 79 3lan.i::. Basement Granite 3166 JtocX:.i:i i:gaUer.g Council 91 31_ 3167 ken:... =.. I?Ue=.g Co::n.cil 67 'JXJ

3168 Ra.z.a'tla~-=-a So·~:t!:.-e::":: ~ads 91 El

3169 RaEa"Ua't..a.=..a Sc'i:o:t.~.~ 30aas 8, '2a=,j:: Basement Granite

3170 Xat.b.etb.e Roac. Sc~t!:.e== Eaaes 91 3lati::. Amphiholite Granite 3171 Xa~hethe So~tte~ Ecaes 61 3l~ Amphiholite Granite

3172 R~atlaba=a So~tbe~ Roaas 93.. 31~ Basement Granite 3173 Du..tc;re Cent-:-al Sua Project 107 !£ 31 76 Fresh Karroo Schists 3174 Mathethe Road Southern Goverrullent 84 45 43 225 Fresh Amphiholite Granite 3179 Dukwe Central Governrnen t 96 46 770 Fresh Basement Granite 3180 Dukwe Central Government 46 60 Fresh Karroo Sandstone 3181 Dukwe Central Government 106 45 + 64 90 Fresh Basement Granite 3182 Dukwe Central Government 52 Blank Karroo Sandstone 3183 Tsau North Hest Roads 62 53 24 176 Fresh Ghanzi Beds Official No. Locali ty District Customer Total Depth Depth Water Struck Static Water Level Pumping Rate Water Quali ty Geology (m) (m) (m) (L/min)

3184 Central Government 91 32 Kalahari Beds 3185 Dukwe Central Government 64 Blank Karro Sandstone 3186 Len ts we-I e-tau Kweneng Governmen t 15 Blank Doleri te 3187 3188 Dukwana Central Government 52 45 Blank 3189 Dukwe Central Government 55 45 20 45 Saline Karroo Mudstone 3190 Botalaote Central Government 93 21 21 6 Fresh Felsi te 3191 Lentswe-Ie-tau Kweneng Government 36 Blank fuleri te 3192 Botalaote Central Government 47 36 23 303 Fresh Grani te 3193 Kang Kgalagadi Government 50 Blank Kalahari Beds 3194 Kgalagadi Government 203 Saline Pretoria Slates 3195 Gankwe Central Government 64 57 25 136 Fresh Basement Gneiss 3196 Thabologang Central Council 33 28 6 68 Basement Gneiss 3197 Moijabana Central Council 64 57 Blank Basement Gneiss 3198 Moijabana Central Council 34 Blank Basement Gneiss 3199 Chadi be Central Government 120 2l + 110 9 160 Fresh Basement Gneiss 3200 Kang Kgalagadi Council 70 Blank Karroo Shale 3201 Sefhare Central Government 50 33 30 Blank Fresh Basement Gneiss 3202 Sefhare Central Government 50 Blank Basement Gneiss 3203 Gomare North West Government 50 43 13 138 Fresh Kalahari Beds 3204 ~Iaun Town North West Council 23 8 4 110 Fresh Kalahari Beds 3205 Lentswe-Ie-tau Kweneng Government 31 9 8 40 Fresh Waterberg Sandstone 3206 Sefhare Central Council 75 35 + 67 30 140 Fresh Basement Granite 3207 Mahetwa Kweneng C01ll1cil 41 18 14 114 Waterberg Sandstone 3209 Kuli-Nojane Kgalagadi Government 185 135 41 85 Fresh Ghan z:i Be ds 3210 Kuli-Nojane Kgalagadi Government 207 142 132 91 Fresh Ghan z:i Be da 3211 Kuli-Nojane Kgalagadi Government 203 143 131 91 Fresh Ghan z:i Be ds 3213 Kuli-Nojane Kgalagadi Government 184 146 131 5 Fresh Ghan z:i Beds 3218 Pilikwe Central C01ll1cil 160 48 Blank Basement Gneiss 3219 Middlepi ts Kgalagacli. Government 152 49 36 Saline Waterberg Quartzi te 3221 Pilikwe Central Government 35 Blank Basement Gneiss 3222 Pilikwe Central Government 68 Blank Basement Gneiss 3223 Pilikwe Central Government 108 Blank Basemen t Gnei ss 3224 Kganeng Kgalagadi Government 76 58 2 Saline Sandstone 3225 Lobatse/Kanye Rd. Southern Roads 98 Blank Gaborone Granite 3226 Lobatse/Kanye Rd. Southern Roads 102 Blank Gaborone Granite 3227 Molapowabojang Southern Roads 61 Blank Fresh Decomposed fulerite 3228 Lobatse/Kanye Rd, Southern COlUlcil 61 Blank Decomposed Dolerite Official No. Locali ty District Customer Total Depath Depth Water Struck Static Water Level Pumping Ra te Ha ter Quali ty Geology (m) ( m) (m) (L/min)

3229 Sepopa North West Government 56 40 + 14 + 57 15 94 Fresh Kalahari Beds 3230 Staghang hill Kweneng Go-vernmen t 75 Blank Kanye Volcanics 3231 Matlhabanelo Hill Kgatleng Council 69 Blank Kanye Volcani cs 3232 Me tsimo tl ha ba Kgatleng Council 69 Blank Ri ver Gravels 3233 Me tsimo tl ha ba Kgatleng Council 92 Blank River Gravels 3234 Mo go di tshane Kweneng Council 65 Blank Gaborone Grani te 3235 Nxai North Nest Government 16 12 7 Blank Kalahari Beds 3236 Kanye Road Southern Roads 91 Blank Gaborone Grani te 3237 Kanye Road Southern Roads 91 Blank Doleri te 3238 Kanye Road Southern Roads 91 Blank Doleri te 3239 Kanye Road Southern P.oads 91 Blank Doleri te 3240 Kanye Road Southern Roads 91 Blank Gaborone Granite 3242 Diabo Southern 22 Blank Ventersdorp Agglomerate 3243 Diabo Southern Agricultu.re 74 40 30 30 Ventersdorp Agglomerate 3244 Kanye Lobatse Rd. Southern Roads 91 Blank Doleri te 3245 Moijabana Central Government 91 24 + 57 32 197 Fresh Basemen t Grani te 3246 Mogojwegojwe Southern Council 79 49 40 136 Fresh Doleri te 3249 Jakalase 1 North East Council 19 Fresh 3250 Molepolole Rd. Kweneng Roads 46 Blank Saline fuleri te 3251 Molepolole Rd. Kweneng Roads '7 14 + 21 + 27 135 Fresh Doleri te 3252 Molepolole Rd. Ktrene»g Roads 56 Gaborone Granite 3253 Kweneng Government 63 11+28+58 5 80 Fresh Waterberg Sandstone 3256 Molepolole Rd. Kweneng Roads 65 Blank Waterberg Sandstone 3257 Molepolole Klreneng Roads 56 Blank Waterberg Sandstone 3258 Kang Kgalagadi Government 47 Kalahari Beds 3259 Pilikwe Central Government 58 39 + 55 28 45 Fresh Basement Gneiss 3260 Maape Central Government 48 62 38 31 Fresh Basement Gneiss