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WHY JULIAN BELIEVED CORRECT WORSHIP of the GODS COULD SAVE the ROMAN EMPIRE from CHAOS a Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of
WHY JULIAN BELIEVED CORRECT WORSHIP OF THE GODS COULD SAVE THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM CHAOS A Thesis Presented to the faculty of the Department of Humanities and Religious Studies California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in Humanities by Alejandra Meléndez-Silva SPRING 2020 WHY JULIAN BELIEVED CORRECT WORSHIP OF THE GODS COULD SAVE THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM CHAOS A Thesis by Alejandra Meléndez-Silva Approved by: _________________________________, Committee Chair Dr. Jeffrey Brodd _________________________________, Second Reader Dr. Bradley Nystrom __________________ Date ii Student: Alejandra Meléndez-Silva I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and this thesis is suitable for electronic submission to the library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. ___________________________, Graduate Coordinator _____________________ Dr. Harvey Stark Date Department of Humanities and Religious Studies iii Abstract of WHY JULIAN BELIEVED CORRECT WORSHIP OF THE GODS COULD SAVE THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM CHAOS by Alejandra Meléndez-Silva The Roman emperor Julian is famously remembered for being Rome’s last pagan emperor and he has been vilified for his dislike of Christianity. Sufficient analysis of Julian’s own perspective reveals a complex individual who does not conform with the simplified caricature of Julian “the Apostate” who was focused on assailing Christianity. His aversion to the Christians was mainly motivated by the fact that they refused to participate in the state cult. This thesis will explore the relationship between properly honoring the gods and state health, its origins, and why it was essential to sacrifice to the gods. -
Hérésies : Une Construction D’Identités Religieuses
Hérésies : une construction d’identités religieuses Quelles sortes de communautés réunissent les hommes ? Comment sont- elles construites ? Où est l’unité, où est la multiplicité de l’humanité ? Les hommes peuvent former des communautés distinctes, antagonistes, s’opposant violemment. La division externe est-elle nécessaire pour bâtir une cohésion interne ? Rien n’est plus actuel que ces questions. Parmi toutes ces formes de dissensions, les études qui composent ce volume s’intéressent à l’hérésie. L’hérésie se caractérise par sa relativité. Nul ne se revendique hérétique, sinon par provocation. Le qualificatif d’hérétique est toujours subi par celui qui le porte et il est toujours porté DYE BROUWER, GUILLAUME CHRISTIAN PAR EDITE ROMPAEY VAN ET ANJA Hérésies : une construction sur autrui. Cela rend l’hérésie difficilement saisissable si l’on cherche ce qu’elle est en elle-même. Mais le phénomène apparaît avec davantage de clarté si l’on analyse les discours qui l’utilisent. Se dessinent dès lors les d’identités religieuses représentations qui habitent les auteurs de discours sur l’hérésie et les hérétiques, discours généralement sous-tendus par une revendication à EDITE PAR CHRISTIAN BROUWER, GUILLAUME DYE ET ANJA VAN ROMPAEY l’orthodoxie. Hérésie et orthodoxie forment ainsi un couple, désuni mais inséparable. Car du point de vue de l’orthodoxie, l’hérésie est un choix erroné, une déviation, voire une déviance. En retour, c’est bien parce qu’un courant se proclame orthodoxe que les courants concurrents peuvent être accusés d’hérésie. Sans opinion correcte, pas de choix déviant. La thématique de l’hérésie s’inscrit ainsi dans les questions de recherche sur l’altérité religieuse. -
The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus by Philip Schaff About ANF01
ANF01. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus by Philip Schaff About ANF01. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus by Philip Schaff Title: ANF01. The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.html Author(s): Schaff, Philip (1819-1893) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Description: The Ante-Nicene Christian library is meant to comprise translations into English of all the extant works of the Fathers down to the date of the first General Council held at Nice in A.D. 325. The sole provisional exception is that of the more bulky writings of Origen. It is intended at present only to embrace in the scheme the Contra Celsum and the De Principiis of that voluminous author; but the whole of his works will be included should the undertaking prove successful. Publication History: Text edited by Rev. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson and first published in Edinburgh, 1867. Additional introductionary material and notes provided for the American edition by A. Cleveland Coxe 1886. Print Basis: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, reprint 2001 Source: Logos Research Systems, Inc. Rights: Public Domain Date Created: 2002-10 Status: Proof reading, ThML markup and subject index for Version 3.0 by Timothy Lanfear General Comments: Hebrew and Greek were checked against page scans of the 1995 Hendrickson reprint by SLK; errors in the hard copy have not been corrected in this digitized text. Contributor(s): Timothy Lanfear (Markup) CCEL Subjects: All; Early Church; Classic; Proofed; LC Call no: BR60 LC Subjects: Christianity Early Christian Literature. -
The Subjective Element of Crime: a Comparison Between Ecclesiastical, and Belgian Criminal Law
The Subjective Element of Crime: a Comparison between Ecclesiastical, and Belgian Criminal Law Word count: 36,697 Raphael Maesschalck Student number: 01204319 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Jan Verplaetse Co-supervisor: Prof. Dr. Tom Vander Beken A dissertation submitted to Ghent University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Laws Academic year: 2017 - 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS — DUTCH Een woord van dank gaat uit naar: - Mijn promotor, Prof. dr. Jan Verplaetse, wiens ideeën mij lieten durven denken, voor het interessante onderwerp; - Dr. William Richardson, voor het aanreiken van een literatuurlijst, het beantwoorden van mijn (vele) chaotische vragen en het ter beschikking stellen van verhelderende inzichten tijdens onze gesprekken; - Prof. em. dr. Ruud Huysmans, voor het delen zijn expertise en visie en de tijd die hij daarvoor vrijmaakte; - Mr. Eric De Wilde, voor het mij wegwijs maken in het doolhof van de bijzondere faculteit kerkelijk recht te Leuven en het gebruikelijke kopje koffie; - Mr. Philippe Tobback, niet alleen voor het ter beschikking stellen van een geairconditioneerde werkplaats in de moordende zomerhitte, maar vooral voor alle steun en hulp die mij steeds opnieuw werd aangeboden; - Dr. Nigel Coles, mr. Martin Jones en mr. Nils Van Damme, voor het nalezen dit werk; - Mijn vader, voor de economische en morele steun; - En tenslotte mijn moeder, voor veel meer dan dat wat een louter dankwoord verdient. !2 !3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS — DUTCH____________________________________ 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS______________________________________________ 4 GENERAL INTRODUCTION___________________________________________ 7 CHAPTER I: Introduction to the Legal and Institutional Frameworks____________ 9 1 The Church and Ecclesiastical Criminal Law.................................................................. 9 1.1 The Church as a Spiritual and Governing Institution.............................................. -
2/20/2020 1 Recommended Books
2/20/2020 Survey of Great Bible Truths Doctrinal & Practical 1 THEME 2 RECOMMENDED BOOKS 3 1 2/20/2020 NOTABLES 4 HOW TO STUDY THEOLOGY _______ God the Father 5 6 2 2/20/2020 Key Ideas to Study • Distinguishing the Person (Father, Son, Spirit) • The Attributes / Who God is • The Actions / What He Says & What He Does 7 UNDERSTANDING THE TRINITY Avoiding Heresy & Bad Analogies Persons(s), Nature, Deity, Humanity, Relation 8 HERESIES (Thinking Wrongly about God) •Tritheism • Tritheism is the belief that there are three gods or three separate beings in the Godhead. Few, if any, have held this view consciously, though unwittingly many have fallen into it verbally by their incautious language about the Godhead. • By correctly stressing the three persons as distinct, it is easy to slip into the language of tritheism, which wrongly posits three separate beings. 9 3 2/20/2020 HERESIES (Thinking Wrongly about God) • Modalism • Modalism is also called sabellianism after its founder, Sabellius (~217–220 AD). • Modalism holds that God is only one person who appears in different modes or roles at different times in the divine economy, from which it gets the title “Economic Trinity,” as opposed to the “Ontological(Nature) Trinity” of orthodox theology. 10 HERESIES (Thinking Wrongly about God) • Arianism • Following Arius (250–336 AD), its founder, this heresy denies that Jesus is fully God, allowing Him a created status below God. Arianism was opposed by Athanasius and condemned as heretical at the Council of Nicea (325 AD). 11 HERESIES (Thinking Wrongly about God) • Docetism • From the Greek word dokeo, “I seem,” docetism affirms the deity of Christ but denies His humanity, claiming it was only an apparent, but not real, humanity. -
Karaduvar Mahallesi Kentsel Tasarım Proje Yarışması Şartnamesi.Pdf
0 İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ 1. Yarışmanın Adı ve Amacı…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6 2. Yarışmanın Şekli ve Türü………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...6 3. Yarışmanın Yeri ve Konusu………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6 4. İdarenin Adı, Adresi ve İletişim Bilgileri……………………………………………………………………………………………………6 5. Yarışmaya Katılım Koşulları……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7 6. Jüri Üyeleri (Danışman, Asli ve Yedek) ve Raportörler……………………………………………………………………………..8 7. Yarışmacılara Verilecek Bilgi ve Belgeler………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 8. Yarışma Alanında Yapılacak Tasarımlara Dair Beklentiler…………………………………………………………………………9 9. Yarışmacılardan İstenenler…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….13 10.Yer Görme …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..14 11.Yarışmacıların Uymakla Zorunlu Olduğu Esaslar…………………………………………………………………………………...14 12. Yarışmaya Katılacakların Kimlik Zarflarının ve Eklerinin Düzenleme Şekli………………………………………………15 13.Yarışma Takvimi……………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………15 14. Soru ve Cevaplar………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….16 15. Projelerin Teslim Yeri ve Şartları…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..16 16. Sergi - Kolokyum Yeri ve Zamanı…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..16 17. Projelerin Geri Verilme Şekline İlişkin Esaslar……………………………………………………………………………………….16 18.Rumuzlar ve Ambalaj Esasları……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….17 19. Jürinin Değerlendirmesi ve Yarışma Sonuçlarının İlanı………………………………………………………………………....17 -
CHAPTER 4 the CHURCH in the THIRD CENTURY Roman
The Early Church Christopher K. Lensch, S.T.M. Western Reformed Seminary (www.wrs.edu) CHAPTER 4 THE CHURCH IN THE THIRD CENTURY Roman emperors in the first half of the century Severi dynasty 1. Septimius Severus (193-211) [already discussed under second century] renewed persecution in AD 200: Leonidas (Origen’s father) beheaded Potamiaena (young girl) boiled in oil Petpetua and baby burned; her slave Felicitas killed also died on campaign in Britain 2. Caracalla (211-217) brutal and cruel; murdered family members, including brother Geta; favored the army; built baths; extended Roman citizenship to all, in order to tax all; dropped persecution in middle of reign; was assassinated by his army on a Parthian campaign 3. Macrinus (217-218) prefect of the guard; removed by Caracalla’s cousin and his family 4. Heliogabalus (218-222) cousin of Caracalla, controlled by his mother Soaemias and grandmother Maesa (Caracalla’s aunt); real name was Elagabalus; Latin authors name Heliogabalus 14-year old priest of Syrian sun god; brought Syrian “Baal” (conical black stone) to Rome; unbelievable sexual depravity; grandmother convinced him to adopt cousin Alexander; slain by Guard 5. Alexander Severus (222-235) 4.1 14 years old; well trained and prepared; ruled by mother; temperate and modest, opposite of Heliogabalus; private chapel icons: Jupiter, Orpheus, Apollonius, Abraham, Christ; *put golden rule in house and many public buildings; very efficient administrator, lowered taxes; weak against Germans, bribed them; assassinated in tent by army, under Maximinus Anarchy; army control 6. Maximinus (235-238) huge soldier (they say 8 feet tall); hated culture and education; never entered Rome; confiscated property of upper classes; murdered by soldiers he punished 7. -
The Reception of Luke and Acts in the Period Before Irenaeus. Looking For
Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament • 2. Reihe Herausgeber/Editor Jörg Frey Mitherausgeber / Associate Editors Friedrich Avemarie • Judith Gundry-Volf Martin Hengel • Otfried Hofius • Hans-Josef Klauck 169 Andrew Gregory The Reception of Luke and Acts in the Period before Irenaeus Looking for Luke in the Second Century Mohr Siebeck ANDREW GREGORY, born 1971; 2001 Doctor of Philosophy; currently Chaplain and Oakeshott Junior Research Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, and a member of the Theology Faculty of the University of Oxford. ISBN3-16-148086-4 ISSN 0340-9570 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2. Reihe) Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de. © 2003 J. C. B. Möhr (Paul Siebeck) Tubingen. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Druckpartner Rübelmann GmbH in Hemsbach on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Schaumann in Darmstadt. Printed in Germany. for Katherine àvcv F|S OÙK Acknowledgements This monograph is the revised and expanded version of a thesis which was accepted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by the University of Oxford in November 2001. A number of institutions provided the financial support which enabled me to undertake this research, and I am glad to record my gratitude to them: the Arts and Humanities Research Board of the British Academy, which awarded me a Postgraduate Studentship in the Humanities; the Warden and Fellows of Keble College, Oxford, who elected me as Gosden Student and appointed me as Assistant Chaplain; and the Rector and Fellows of Lincoln College, Oxford who elected me to the Oakeshott Junior Research Fellowship and appointed me as Chaplain. -
Christianizing Asia Minor Paul Mckechnie Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48146-5 — Christianizing Asia Minor Paul McKechnie Index More Information Index 1 John, New Testament epistle, 51, 56, 118 Alexander son of Antonios, 148, 150, 1 Peter, New Testament epistle, 51, 213 165–6, 210, 247 1 Timothy, New Testament epistle, 152 Alexander, bishop of Jerusalem, 214 4 Ezra, 100 Alexander, martyr, 117 Alexandria, 27, 51, 167, 193, 214, 216 ab epistulis, 76, 177 Alexandros aka Artemon, 192 Abdul Hamid, 150, 158 Alexandros son of Domnos, 242 Aberkios stone, 157, 179 Alexandros son of Epigonos, 199 Aberkios, bishop of Hierapolis, 16, 45, 127, Alexandros son of Gaios, 199, 223, 293 131, 137, 139, 147–65, 207, 210, 221, Alexandros son of Menekrates, 220, 290 228, 240, 244, 246–7, 263–87 alimentary schemes, 180 Abgar VIII, 162 Allexandreia, 235 Abraham, bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, 62 Allexandros, 235 Abras, presbyter, 256 aloes, 55 Abris, bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, 62 Alphios, presbyter, 256 Achaean/s, 69 Anaitis, 41 Acts of St Trophimus, 199 Ancyra, 18, 30, 127–8, 146, 188–9, 259, Adana, 72 308 Adıgüzel Dam, 99 angel/s, 4, 20, 25, 31–2, 85, 94, 96–7, 103, Adrianople, 258 111, 130, 153, 155, 161, 173, 184–5, aedicula, 155 227–8, 287 Aegean, 8 Anicetus, bishop of Rome, 79, 82 Aelius Aristides, 86 Aniketos, 257 Aelius Glykon, 65 Anne, Queen, 79 Aelius Publius Julius, 116, 131 anonymous anti-Montanist writer, 100–2, aeons, 70 106, 108, 120, 126, 128, 131, 144, 158 Africa, 97, 101, 129–30, 164, 213, 255 anti-Marcionite prologue, 55 Afyonkarahisar, 166, 215, 234, 291 antimony, 108 Ağa -
Casenotes: Torts—Family Law—Criminal Conversation—Judicial Abrogation of the Civil Action for Adultery. Kline V. Ansell, 287 Md. 585, 414 A. 2D 929 (1980)
University of Baltimore Law Review Volume 10 Article 8 Issue 1 Fall 1980 1980 Casenotes: Torts — Family Law — Criminal Conversation — Judicial Abrogation of the Civil Action for Adultery. Kline v. Ansell, 287 Md. 585, 414 A.2d 929 (1980) Sherry Hamburg Flax University of Baltimore School of Law Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/ublr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Flax, Sherry Hamburg (1980) "Casenotes: Torts — Family Law — Criminal Conversation — Judicial Abrogation of the Civil Action for Adultery. Kline v. Ansell, 287 Md. 585, 414 A.2d 929 (1980)," University of Baltimore Law Review: Vol. 10: Iss. 1, Article 8. Available at: http://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/ublr/vol10/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Baltimore Law Review by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TORTS - FAMILY LAW - CRIMINAL CONVERSATION - JUDICIAL ABROGATION OF THE CIVIL" ACTION FOR ADULTERY. KLINE v. ANSELL, 287 Md. 585, 414 A.2d 929 (1980) . I. INTRODUCTION In Kline v. Ansel~ 1 the Court of Appeals of Maryland abolished the common law cause of action for criminal conversation. Prior to the Kline decision, a husband was afforded a remedy against his wife's paramour for being the partner in her adulterous acts.2 The court has now reversed its position due to the anachronistic policy underlying this tort,3 its incompatibility with today's sense of per sonal and sexual freedom of women,4 and its inherent violation of Maryland's Equal Rights Amendment. -
Climate in Greco-Roman History
Syracuse Scholar (1979-1991) Volume 1 Issue 1 Syracuse Scholar Winter 1979-1980 Article 5 1979 Climate in Greco-Roman History Samuel K. Eddy Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/suscholar Part of the Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Eddy, Samuel K. (1979) "Climate in Greco-Roman History," Syracuse Scholar (1979-1991): Vol. 1 : Iss. 1 , Article 5. Available at: https://surface.syr.edu/suscholar/vol1/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Syracuse Scholar (1979-1991) by an authorized editor of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Eddy: Climate in Greco-Roman History Climate in oreco-Roman History samuel K. Eddy have recently completed some research which originally I aimed only at answering a small question. But success in this soon led to conclusions about the causes of the collapse of classical civilization itself. For a long time I had been interested in a series of Greek inscriptions which records the amounts of money paid to Athens each year during the third quarter of the fifth century B.C. by over one hundred subject allies. Two princi ples clearly governed the exact sums demanded: First, each state paid a round amount of money, such as one talent or some simple fraction of a talent like one-half, which was around three thousand drachms. Second, the obligation did not change, as a rule, during the entire quarter century. If it did, the change took place only at the start of one of the quadrennial periods of assessment and then remained constant for the four years. -
National Geographic Magazine
Published: May 2006 The Judas Gospel An ancient text lost for 1,700 years says Christ's betrayer was his truest disciple By Andrew Cockburn Hands trembling slightly from Parkinson’s disease, Professor Rodolphe Kasser picked up the ancient text and began reading in a strong, clear voice: "pedi ahkawnaus ente plahnay.” These strange words were Coptic, the language spoken in Egypt at the dawn of Christianity. They had gone unheard ever since the early church declared the document off-limits for Christians. This copy somehow survived. Hidden over eons in the Egyptian desert, it was finally uncovered late in the 20th century. Then it vanished into the netherworld of antiquities traders, one of whom abandoned it for 16 years in a bank vault in Hicksville, New York. By the time it reached Kasser, the papyrus—a form of paper made of dried water plants—was decaying into fragments, its message on the verge of being lost forever. The 78-year-old scholar, one of the world's leading Coptic experts, finished reading and carefully placed the page back on the table. "It is a beautiful language, is it not? Egyptian written in Greek characters.” He smiled. “This is a passage where Jesus is explaining to the disciples that they are on the wrong track.” The text has entranced him, and no wonder. The opening line of the first page reads, "The secret account of the revelation that Jesus spoke in conversation with Judas Iscariot. .” After nearly 2,000 years, the most hated man in history is back.