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Ocanahowan and Recently Discovered Linguistic
2 OCANAHOWAN AND RECENTLY DISCOVERED LINGUISTIC FRAGMENTS FROM SOUTHERN VIRGINIA, C. 1650 Philip Barbour Ridgefield, Connecticut Published in: Papers of the 7th Algonquian Conference (1975) Ocanahowan (or Ocanahonan and other spellings) was the name of an Indian town or village, region or tribe, which was first reported in Captain John Smith's True Relation in 1608 and vanished from the records after Smith mentioned it for the last time 1624, until it turned up again in a few handwritten lines in the back of a book. Briefly, these lines cover half a page of a small quarto, and have been ascribed to the period from about 1650 to perhaps the end of the century, on the basis of style of writing. The page in question is the blank verso of the last page in a copy of Robert Johnson's Nova Britannia, published in London in 1604, now in the possession of a distinguished bibliophile of Williamsburg, Virginia. When I first heard about it, I was in London doing research and brushing up on the English language, Easter-time 1974, and Bernard Quaritch, Ltd., got in touch with me about "some rather meaningless annotations" in a small volume they had for sale. Very briefly put, for I shall return to the matter in a few minutes, I saw that the notes were of the time of the Jamestown colony and that they contained a few Powhatan words. Now that the volume has a new owner, and I have his permission to xerox and talk about it, I can explain why it aroused my interest to such an extent. -
What Happened Till the First Supply
W H A T H A P P E N E D T I L L T H E F I R S T S U P P L Y from T H E G E N E R A L H I S T O R Y O F V I R G I N I A 1 6 0 7 – 1 6 1 4 ––––––––––––––––––––––––– John Smith –––––––––––––––––––––––– In May 1607, three boatloads of English settlers sponsored by the Virginia Company of London anchored near the swampy shores of Chesapeake Bay. Among these 104 men and boys were aristocrats and craftspeople, but few farmers or others with skills crucial to survive in the wilderness. Captain John Smith, a leader among these earliest Jamestown settlers, held an interest in the London Company. Smith was an aggressive self-promoter who wrote and published a history of the Virginia colony in 1624. T H I N K T H R O U G H H I S T O R Y : Distinguishing Fact from Opinion At what points does Smith rely on facts, and at what points does he appear to offer more opinion than fact? Does this evaluation affect the value of this text as a historical document? Why or why not? –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– [June 1607–January 1608] Being thus left to our fortunes, it fortuned that within ten days scarce ten amongst us could either go or well stand, such extreme weakness and sickness oppressed us. And thereat none need marvel, if they consider the cause and reason, which was this. Whilst the trading ships stayed, our allowance was somewhat bettered by a daily proportion of biscuit, which the sailors would pilfer to sell, give, or exchange with us for money, sassafras, furs, or love. -
The Devil in Virginia: Fear in Colonial Jamestown, 1607-1622
The Devil in Virginia: Fear in Colonial Jamestown, 1607-1622 Matthew John Sparacio Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In History Crandall A. Shifflett, Chair A. Roger Ekirch Brett L. Shadle 16 March 2010 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Early Modern England; Colonial Virginia; Jamestown; Devil; Fear Copyright 2010, Matthew John Sparacio The Devil in Virginia: Fear in Colonial Jamestown, 1607-1622 Matthew John Sparacio ABSTRACT This study examines the role of emotions – specifically fear – in the development and early stages of settlement at Jamestown. More so than any other factor, the Protestant belief system transplanted by the first settlers to Virginia helps explain the hardships the English encountered in the New World, as well as influencing English perceptions of self and other. Out of this transplanted Protestantism emerged a discourse of fear that revolved around the agency of the Devil in the temporal world. Reformed beliefs of the Devil identified domestic English Catholics and English imperial rivals from Iberia as agents of the diabolical. These fears travelled to Virginia, where the English quickly ʻsatanizedʼ another group, the Virginia Algonquians, based upon misperceptions of native religious and cultural practices. I argue that English belief in the diabolic nature of the Native Americans played a significant role during the “starving time” winter of 1609-1610. In addition to the acknowledged agency of the Devil, Reformed belief recognized the existence of providential actions based upon continued adherence to the Englishʼs nationally perceived covenant with the Almighty. -
Defining the Greater York River Indigenous Cultural Landscape
Defining the Greater York River Indigenous Cultural Landscape Prepared by: Scott M. Strickland Julia A. King Martha McCartney with contributions from: The Pamunkey Indian Tribe The Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe The Mattaponi Indian Tribe Prepared for: The National Park Service Chesapeake Bay & Colonial National Historical Park The Chesapeake Conservancy Annapolis, Maryland The Pamunkey Indian Tribe Pamunkey Reservation, King William, Virginia The Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe Adamstown, King William, Virginia The Mattaponi Indian Tribe Mattaponi Reservation, King William, Virginia St. Mary’s College of Maryland St. Mary’s City, Maryland October 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As part of its management of the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail, the National Park Service (NPS) commissioned this project in an effort to identify and represent the York River Indigenous Cultural Landscape. The work was undertaken by St. Mary’s College of Maryland in close coordination with NPS. The Indigenous Cultural Landscape (ICL) concept represents “the context of the American Indian peoples in the Chesapeake Bay and their interaction with the landscape.” Identifying ICLs is important for raising public awareness about the many tribal communities that have lived in the Chesapeake Bay region for thousands of years and continue to live in their ancestral homeland. ICLs are important for land conservation, public access to, and preservation of the Chesapeake Bay. The three tribes, including the state- and Federally-recognized Pamunkey and Upper Mattaponi tribes and the state-recognized Mattaponi tribe, who are today centered in their ancestral homeland in the Pamunkey and Mattaponi river watersheds, were engaged as part of this project. The Pamunkey and Upper Mattaponi tribes participated in meetings and driving tours. -
Route 10 (Bermuda Triangle Road to Meadowville Road) Widening Project VDOT Project Number 0010-020-632, (UPC #101020) (VDHR File No
Route 10 (Bermuda Triangle Road to Meadowville Road) Widening Project VDOT Project Number 0010-020-632, (UPC #101020) (VDHR File No. 1995-2174) Phase I Architectural Identification Survey Chesterfield County, Virginia Phase I Archaeological Identification Survey for the Route 10 Project (Bermuda Triangle to Meadowville) Chesterfield County, Virginia VDOT Project No. 0010-020-632, UPC #101020 Prepared for: Prepared for: Richmond District Department of Transportation 2430VDOT Pine Richmond Forest Drive District Department of Transportation 9800 Government Center Parkway Colonial2430 Heights, Pine Forest VA Drive23834 9800 Government Center Parkway Chesterfield, Virginia 23832 Colonial804 Heights,-524-6000 Virginia 23834 Chesterfield, VA 23832 804-748-1037 Prepared by: March 2013 Prepared by: McCormick Taylor, Inc. North Shore Commons A 4951 McCormickLake Brook Drive, Taylor Suite 275 NorthGlen ShoreAllen, VirginiaCommons 23060 A 4951 Lake Brook Drive, Suite 275 Glen Allen, VA 23060 May 2013 804-762-5800 May 2013 Route 10 (Bermuda Triangle Road to Meadowville Road) Widening Project VDOT Project Number 0010-020-632, (UPC #101020) (VDHR File No. 1995-2174) Phase I Architectural Identification Survey Phase I ArchaeologicalChesterfield County,Identification Virginia Survey for the Route 10 Project (Bermuda Triangle to Meadowville) Chesterfield County, Virginia VDOT Project No. 0010-020-632, UPC #101020 Prepared for: Prepared for: Richmond District Department of Transportation 2430VDOT Pine Richmond Forest Drive District Department of Transportation 9800 Government Center Parkway Colonial2430 Heights, Pine Forest VA Drive23834 9800 Government Center Parkway Chesterfield, Virginia 23832 Colonial804 Heights,-524-6000 Virginia 23834 Chesterfield, VA 23832 804-748-1037 Prepared by: March 2013 Prepared by: McCormick Taylor NorthMcCormick Shore Commons Taylor, Inc. -
Indian Peoples, Nations and Violence in the Seventeenth-Century Chesapeake
CERTAINE BOUNDES: INDIAN PEOPLES, NATIONS AND VIOLENCE IN THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY CHESAPEAKE By JESSICA TAYLOR A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2017 © 2017 Jessica Taylor To Mimi, you are worth so much ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my advisor, Juliana Barr, for her thoughtful and sincere support. I am so glad to have her in my life. My committee members Marty Hylton, Jon Sensbach, Elizabeth Dale, and Paul Ortiz each offered different paths to new thoughts and perspectives. My co-workers, students, and friends at the Samuel Proctor Oral History Program helped me gain the confidence to pursue new ideas and goals. I thank all of the wonderful people who have read drafts of chapters and talked ideas through with me including Jeffrey Flanagan, Matt Saionz, Johanna Mellis, Rebecca Lowe, David Shope, Roberta Taylor, Robert Taber, David Brown, Elyssa Hamm. Thank you to Eleanor Deumens for editing my footnotes and offering wonderful suggestions. I thank the Virginia Historical Society, the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, and the Mary and David Harrison Institute for American History, Literature, and Culture for their financial support of my research for this project. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... -
Red Albion: Genocide and English Colonialism, 1622-1646
RED ALBION: GENOCIDE AND ENGLISH COLONIALISM, 1622-1646 by MATTHEW KRUER A THESIS Presented to the Department ofHistory and the Graduate School ofthe University of Oregon in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of Master ofArts June 2009 11 "Red Albion: Genocide and English Colonialism, 1622-1646," a thesis prepared by Matthew Kruer in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the Master ofArts degree in the Department ofHistory. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: Dr. Jiitk M~dd~~, Chai~~i1the Examining Committee Date . Committee in Charge: Dr. Jack Maddex, Chair Dr. Matthew Dennis Dr. Jeffrey Ostler Accepted by: Dean ofthe Graduate School III © 2009 Matthew Ryan Kruer IV An Abstract ofthe Thesis of Matthew Kruer for the degree of Master ofArts in the Department of History to be taken June 2009 Title: RED ALBION: GENOCIDE AND ENGLISH COLONIALISM, 1622-1646 Approved: Dr. Jack Maddex This thesis examines the connection between colonialism and violence during the early years ofEnglish settlement in North America. I argue that colonization was inherently destructive because the English colonists envisioned a comprehensive transformation ofthe American landscape that required the elimination ofNative American societies. Two case studies demonstrate the dynamics ofthis process. During the Anglo-Powhatan Wars in Virginia, latent violence within English ideologies ofimperialism escalated cont1ict to levels ofextreme brutality, but the fracturing ofpower along the frontier limited Virginian war aims to expulsion ofthe Powhatan Indians and the creation ofa segregated society. During the Pequot War in New England, elements ofviolence in the Puritan worldview became exaggerated by the onset ofsocietal crisis during the Antinomian Controversy. -
Virginia Department of Historic Resources, 221 Governor
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 401 204 SO 026 968 TITLE Window on the Past, Threshold to the Future: Virginia Archaeology Month. Teacher's Guide. INSTITUTION Virginia State Dept. of Historic Resources, Richmond. PUB DATE Aug 95 NOTE 73p. AVAILABLE FROMDepartment of Historic Resources, 221 Governor Street, Richmond, VA 23219. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Ancient History; *Anthropology; *Archaeology; Elementary Secondary Education; Folk Culture; *Heritage Education; *Material Culture; Popular Culture; Realia; Social Studies IDENTIFIERS *Virginia (Jamestown) ABSTRACT This teacher's guide provides materials and suggestions for including archaeology in the classroom as a way to develop interdisciplinary lessons and excite curiosity in students. Archaeology can be used to build knowledge and skills in a number of subject areas. The booklet is divided into the following sections: (1) Introduction; (2) "What is Archaeology?"; (3) "More than Meets the Eye";(4) "Tracing the Foot Steps of an Archaeologist"; (5) Suggested Readings;(6) Resource Material;(7) Speakers Directory; and (8) Share Your Activity Ideas. Activities deal with archival research, survey, chronology, artifacts, observation and inference, and preservation. (EH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * stititxi o TEACHER'SGUIDE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) This document has beenreproduced as received from the personor organization 1,./s17.1--hG.Ruff+ originating it. Minor changes have beenmade to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinionsstated in this TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES document do not necessarilyrepresent official OERI position INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC).- or policy. -
The Shaping of Kecoughtan, 1607-1624: "A Delicate and Necessary Seat for a City Or Chief Fortification"
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2002 The Shaping of Kecoughtan, 1607-1624: "A Delicate and Necessary Seat for a City or Chief Fortification" John Michael Cobb College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Cobb, John Michael, "The Shaping of Kecoughtan, 1607-1624: "A Delicate and Necessary Seat for a City or Chief Fortification"" (2002). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626346. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-rr76-ma79 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SHAPING OF KECOUGHTAN, 1607 - 1624: “A DELICATE AND NECESSARY SEAT FOR A CITY OR CHIEF FORTIFICATION” A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of American Studies Department The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by John Michael Cobb 2002 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of The requirements for the degree of Master of Arts J v L v l . (L y o ii-L r" John Michael Cobb Approved, July 18, 2002 Dr. James P. Whittenburg History Department Barbara Carson American Studies Department Dr. Marley^R. Brown, III Anthropology Department TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF TABLES ..... -
Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, GNSA, SAAM, and BBHW
ARCHITECTURAL RECONNAISSANCE Rͳ11 SURVEY, GNSA, SAAM, AND BBHW SEGMENTS ΈSEGMENTS 15, 16, AND 20Ή D.C. TO RICHMOND SOUTHEAST HIGH SPEED RAIL October 2016 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High Speed Rail Project Greendale to SAY/WAY (GNSA), SAY/WAY to AM Jct (SAAM) and Buckingham Branch/Hospital Wye (BBHW) Segments, Henrico County and City of Richmond Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High Speed Rail Project Greendale to SAY/WAY (GNSA), SAY/WAY to AM Jct (SAAM) and Buckingham Branch/Hospital Wye (BBHW) Segments, Henrico County and City of Richmond by Caitlin C. Sylvester and Heather D. Staton Prepared for Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation 600 E. Main Street, Suite 2102 Richmond, Virginia 23219 Prepared by DC2RVA Project Team 801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000 Richmond, Virginia 23219 October 2016 October 24, 2016 Kerri S. Barile, Principal Investigator Date ABSTRACT Dovetail Cultural Resource Group (Dovetail), on behalf of the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation (DRPT), conducted a reconnaissance-level architectural survey of the Greendale to SAY/WAY (GNSA), SAY/WAY to AM Jct (SAAM) and Buckingham Branch/ Hospital Wye (BBHW) segments of the Washington, D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail (DC2RVA) project. The proposed Project is being completed under the auspices of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) in conjunction with DRPT. Because of FRA’s involvement, the undertaking is required to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. -
The 1622 Powhatan Uprising and Its Impact on Anglo-Indian Relations
Illinois State University ISU ReD: Research and eData Theses and Dissertations 3-15-2016 The 1622 Powhatan Uprising and Its Impact on Anglo-Indian Relations Michael Jude Kramer Illinois State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Kramer, Michael Jude, "The 1622 Powhatan Uprising and Its Impact on Anglo-Indian Relations" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 513. https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/513 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ISU ReD: Research and eData. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ISU ReD: Research and eData. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE 1622 POWHATAN UPRISING AND ITS IMPACT ON ANGLO-INDIAN RELATIONS Michael J. Kramer 112 Pages On March 22, 1622, Native Americans under the Powhatan war-leader Opechancanough launched surprise attacks on English settlements in Virginia. The attacks wiped out between one-quarter and one-third of the colony’s European population and hastened the collapse of the Virginia Company of London, a joint stock company to which England’s King James I had granted the right to establish settlements in the New World. Most significantly, the 1622 Powhatan attacks in Virginia marked a critical turning point in Anglo-Indian relations. Following the famous 1614 marriage of the Native American Pocahontas to Virginia colonist John Rolfe and her conversion to Christianity, English colonists in North America and English policymakers in Europe entertained considerable optimism that other Native Americans could be persuaded to embrace both English culture and the Christian faith. -
From the General History of Virginia
%XPLORAtion and the Early Settlers FROM The General HistORy of VIRGINIA READING 6 Understand Historical NarrATIVe by John Smith STRUCTURal patterns and fEATURES Of literARy nonfiction. 8 AnalyzE author’s purpose in culturAL -EET the AUTHOR and historical cONTExts. AnalyzE HOw style, Tone, and dicTION ADVANCe author’s purpose and PERSPECTIVE. 11B TRANSLATE John Smith C. 1580–1631 COMPLEx fACtual, quanTITATIVe, or technical infORMAtion prESENTED The author of one of the earliest works of executed for the deaths of two colonists in maps. RC-11(A) REFLECT on understanding To monitOR American literature continues to inspire on an expedition he led. It also tells us, COMPRehension. widely varied reactions among historians. however, that Jamestown thrived under Called a boastful bully by some and an his command and fell into greed, chaos, early American hero by others, John and starvation after his departure in 1610. Smith created a legend around himself FACT or FICtion? Shortly after arriving that lasts to this day. in Virginia, John Smith was captured GrEAT AdvENTURes At age 16, Smith left by the Powhatan Indians. Smith writes DId You know? England to become a soldier for hire and several times of his 1607 capture and of John Smith . occasional pirate. In 1605, after traveling being brought before the tribe’s leader, to Austria, Turkey, and North Africa, he Powhatan. Only in the final version, the • Coined the name “New England”? returned to England. Smith’s military 1624 General History of Virginia, does experience made him a good leader in the Smith mention his rescue by Powhatan’s • OFFERed To acCOMPANy the Pilgrims—who eyes of the Virginia Company, the group daughter Pocahontas, who would have chose Miles Standish of investors hoping for huge profits from been ten years old at the time.