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Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Biennial Report of Activities and Programs July 1, 2004–June 30, 2006 Compiled by the Staff of the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Edmond G. Deal Director and State Geologist Biennial Report of Activities and Programs, 2004–2006 Contents Director’s Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 Research Division Introduction ............................................................................................3 Geologic Projects ................................................................................................................ 5 Geologic Mapping Program ...........................................................................................5 Stratigraphic Research .................................................................................................. 7 Montana Sapphires ....................................................................................................... 8 Industrial Minerals of Montana ...................................................................................... 9 Mineral Museum ............................................................................................................10 A Rock by Any Other Name: Understanding Lewis and Clark’s Geography, Geology and Navigation in Montana ......................................................................................12 Montana Seismograph Network and Earthquake Studies Offi ce .................................. 13 Mapping Potential Geologic Hazards from Radon in Montana Air and Ground Water for Environmental Public Health Tracking ................................................................. 16 Mines and Mining Impacts ...................................................................................................17 Small Mine Operators Assistance Program ...................................................................17 Mineral Information and Statistics Program ...................................................................18 Post-Mine Reclamation Monitoring at the Comet, Alta, and Gregory Mines, Southwestern Montana ............................................................................................19 Natural Resource Damage Assessment—Butte Area ...................................................20 Abandoned and Inactive Mines Inventory and Preliminary Assessment ......................22 Montana Pole Treatment Plant, Bioremediation of Soils, Environmental Monitoring, and Operation of Water Treatment Plant ..................................................................24 Belt, Montana, Acid Mine Drainage Problem: Development of a Three-Dimensional Geographic Information System Model and Baseline Monitoring ............................26 Recharge Assessment of the Anaconda Mine near Belt, Montana ...............................28 Butte Mine Flooding Long-Term Monitoring Program ....................................................29 Ground-Water Conditions and Special Studies ...................................................................31 Montana Ground-Water Monitoring Network .................................................................31 Montana Ground-Water Information Center .................................................................. 33 Middle Yellowstone River Area Ground-Water Characterization Study .......................... 34 Lolo-Bitterroot Area Ground-Water Characterization Study .......................................... 36 Upper Clark Fork River Area Ground-Water Characterization Study ............................ 38 Carbon-Stillwater Ground-Water Characterization Study ..............................................39 Cascade-Teton Ground-Water Characterization Study ................................................. 40 Natural Resources Conservation Service Technical Data ............................................. 41 Yellowstone Controlled Ground-Water Area .................................................................. 42 Big Hole Watershed Management Project .....................................................................44 Watershed and Ecosystems: Learning in a Backyard Classroom ................................. 45 Salinity Risk Model for the Bullhead Valley Method and Results for Integrating Sustainable Agriculture with Water-Quality Protection ............................................. 46 Helena Valley Ground Water: Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, Endocrine Disruptors, and Microbial Indicators of Fecal Contamination................................... 47 Water-Quality Monitoring in the Big Muddy Watershed, Sheridan County, Montana ..... 48 Rehabilitating Flowing Wells in the Big Spring Watershed, Fergus County ...................49 i Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Irrigation Potential of Ground Water Underlying the Lower Yellowstone Valley in Richland County ...................................................................................................... 50 Meadowlark Park Wetlands Hydrogeology ....................................................................51 Sheridan County Aquifer and Surface-Water Monitoring and Modeling ........................52 Ground-Water Flow Modeling of Saline Seep Highwood Bench ................................... 53 Impacts of Oilfi eld Wastes on Natural Resources .......................................................... 55 Improving Soil Productivity and Water Quality in South-Central Montana through Land-Use Changes ..................................................................................................56 Developing a Viable Water Supply for the Town of Broadview, South-Central Montana ................................................................................................................... 57 Long-Term Monitoring and Data Collection, Streamside Tailings Operable Unit ...........58 Expansion of the Monitoring Well Network for the Assessment of Agricultural Chemicals in Montana Ground Water ......................................................................59 Hydrogeology of the North Hills, Helena, Montana ....................................................... 60 Impacts of Non-Point Source Pollution to Water Resources in the Paradise Valley ....... 61 Phase I Non-Point Source Pollution Assessment of the Alluvial Valleys of Stillwater County ..................................................................................................................... 62 Critical Resource Assessment, Alluvial Aquifers of Northern Big Horn County ............ 63 Coal Resources, Hydrology, and Methane .......................................................................... 65 Coal Availability Program ...............................................................................................65 Coal/Coalbed-Methane Resource Information .............................................................. 67 National Coal Resources Data System ......................................................................... 68 Coalbed-Methane-Produced Water Disposal by Injection in the Powder River Basin ... 69 Development of a Geologic Exploration Model for the Permo-Pennsylvanian System in South-Central Montana ........................................................................................71 Evaluation of Coalbed-Methane Infi ltration Ponds for Produced-Water Management ...73 Investigation of Coalbed-Methane Microbes in the Powder River Basin, Montana ....... 75 Monitoring Ground-Water Conditions in Coalbed-Methane Development Areas .......... 76 Coal Lands Hydrogeology ............................................................................................. 78 Hydrologic Assessment for the Ashland Ranger District, Custer National Forest ......... 79 Grants and Contracts .......................................................................................................... 80 Administrative Division ........................................................................................................82 Information Services Division ..............................................................................................83 New Publications ................................................................................................................. 85 ii Biennial Report of Activities and Programs, 2004–2006 Director’s Introduction Geology permeates our daily lives to an extent that few of us realize. The very shape of the landscape, the earth resources upon which our society depends, and the health and safety of our communities that may be at risk from geologic hazards are all part of the geologic fabric that surrounds us. Public-policy decision makers at State and local levels often face confl icting opin- ions and options regarding competing interests for land, water, mineral, and energy resources. Identifi cation and mitigation of existing and potential geologic hazards, including those that we create and others that are entirely natural, may be surprisingly controversial. Geologic informa- tion is critical in resolving these and many other issues. Since 1919, the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology (MBMG) has been directed by the legislature to address these issues; we are also uniquely qualifi ed to provide integrated answers to these issues. The MBMG is a non-regulatory, applied-research and public-service agency, and the State’s geological survey. Our staff scientists have extensive knowledge of ground-water evaluation and protection,
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