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Bats of Nevis, Northern Lesser Antilles Scott .C Pedersen South Dakota State University, Scott.Pedersen@Sdstate.Edu University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum, University of Nebraska State Museum 2003 Bats of Nevis, Northern Lesser Antilles Scott .C Pedersen South Dakota State University, [email protected] Hugh H. Genoways University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Matthew .N Morton Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, [email protected] James W. Johnson Whitehall, Nevis Siân E. Courts Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Pedersen, Scott .;C Genoways, Hugh H.; Morton, Matthew N.; Johnson, James W.; and Courts, Siân E., "Bats of Nevis, Northern Lesser Antilles" (2003). Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum. 263. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy/263 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Pedersen, Genoways, Morton, Johnson & Courts in Acta Chiropterologica (2003) 5(2): 251-267. Copyright 2003, Polish Academy of Sciences. Used by permission. Acta Chiropterologica, 5(2): 251-267, 2003 PL ISSN 1508-1109 © Museum and Institute ofZoology PAS Bats of Nevis, northern Lesser Antilles 3 SCOTT C. PEDERSEN', HUGH H. GENOWAYS2, MATHEW N. MORTON , JAMES W. JOHNSON4, and SLAN E. COURTS 5 'South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA; E-mail: [email protected] 2University ofNebraska State Museum, University ofNebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA 3c1o 22 Kensal Avenue, Bedminster, Bristol, BS3 4QY, United Kingdom 4Whitehall, Parish ofSt. James, Nevis, Eastern Caribbean 5Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Trinity, Jersey, JE3 5BP, United Kingdom Only one species of bat, Molossus molossus, previously has been documented as occurring on the northern Lesser Antillean island of Nevis. Field research and reviews of existing museum collections have provided documentation based on voucher specimens for an additional seven species occurring on the island ~ Noctilio leporinus, Brachyphylla cavernarum, Monophyllus plethodon, Ardops nichollsi, Artibeus jamaicensis, Natalus stramineus, and Tadarida brasiliensis. The biological diversity of the chiropteran fauna on Nevis is similar to that found on other islands in the northern Lesser Antilles. Ecologically, this is a simple chiropteran fauna, including one piscivore (N. leporinusi, one omnivore (B. cavernarumi, one pollenivore/nectivore (M. plethodoni, two frugivores (A. nichollsi, A. jamaicensisi, and three insectivorous species (N. stramineus, T. brasiliensis, M. molossus). Species-area and species-elevation analyses for the chiropteran fauna of the Greater and Lesser Antillean islands gave ?-values of 0.74 and 0.33, respectively. Tn the species-area analysis the bat fauna ofNevis falls above the regression line and in the species-elevation analysis it falls almost on the line. The chiropteran fauna of Nevis lies outside the Lesser Antillean Faunal Core and would be best characterized as a generalized Lesser Antillean fauna that appears to be characteristic of the northern Lesser Antilles. Key words: Chiroptera, biogeography, ecology, systematics, island, Nevis, West Indies INTRODUCTION currently is the accepted scientific name for this taxon (Dolan, 1989). Bats are the only native mammals Islands ofsimilar size and topography to known to occur on Nevis. The first and only Nevis in the northern Lesser Antilles typi­ published report of a bat from the island of cally support six to 10 species ofbats. With Nevis was by Miller (1913) when he report­ only one species of bat documented in the ed Molossus molossus. This record was not­ scientific literature for Nevis, it appeared at ed in the description of Molossus debilis, the beginning ofour study that either the is­ with a type locality of St. Kitts and other land possesses a depauperate fauna or this is records from Antigua and Montserrat. The a simple case of under-sampling. To exam­ name Molossus molossus molossus with ine this question, two field surveys of the the type locality restricted to Martinique bats of Nevis were performed and visits 252 S. C. Pedersen, 1-1 . H. Genoways, M. N. Morton, J. W.Johnson, and S. E. Courts were made to the major research collections climate with high temperatures ranging to 30.5°C in in order to examine voucher specimens col­ August and Septemb er and low temperatures ranging lected from throughout the region for com­ to 22.2°C in February. The majority of Nevis is relatively low volcanic parative purposes. Although some mist-net­ country, which is under cultivation or is covered with ting was performed during the first survey secondary scrub and thorn-bush, known in the West by M.M. , S.C. , and J.J. in 1999, that effort Indies as ruinate vegetat ion (Beard, 1949). The dom­ focused primarily on roost surveys, aiming inant vegetation in these low-lying areas include I to provide a resource for future work con­ birch gum iBursera simarubai, loblolly (Pisonia sub­ cordata and P. fragra nsi, dogwood (Lonchocarp us cerning sites that would benefit from local latifoliusy; and white cedar (Tabebuia pallida). The conservation efforts and indicated that fur­ slopes of the mountain are so steep and exposed in ther study would be necessary. The survey most places that the low secondary forest adjacent to conducted by S.P. and J.J . in July 2001 pro­ the cultivated fields is quickly replaced by palm vides the first results from mist netting of bats in a wide variety of foraging habitats on Nevis. The sur vey of museum holdings re­ vealed that some unreported earlier work on Nevis had produced voucher specimens. In 1937 Chester Roys visited Nevis and l rlO ·OO~ collected 18 individuals of M. molossus I -/--- - -- -+--- - - -+-- in Charleston on June 12. These speci­ mens were subsequently deposited in the Field Museum ofNatural History in Chic a­ go. David W. Nellis also collected bats when he visited Nevis between April 4 to 7, 1980. He collected at three sites and obtained individuals representing four species that were subsequently depo sited in the in American Museum of Natural History in New York. We have combin­ 5km ed the results of our field surveys with the data from these earlier efforts to provide FIG. I. Mist-netting localities and roost sites of note a description of the chiropteran fauna of on Nevis. Numbers refer to locations shown in the figure: I) Combermere School: roost within semi­ Nevis. abandon ed school building; 2) Mt, Pleasant: tarrish pits/caves situated among ruin s; 3) Butlers M ATERIALS ANDM ETHODS Government storage build ings; 4) Butlers Source: bog situated in deep ravine with moderate canopy Study Area cover; 5)New River Source: pools along river bed under dense canopy; 6) New River Estate buildings. Nevis is a small island located at i7 °10'N, 7) Golden Rock Estate: along trail above estate 62°35'W in the northern Lesser Antilles. Nevis is house; 8) Zetland s; 9) Herbert Heights; 10) Old joined politically with the island ofSt. Kitts in the na­ Manor Estate buildin gs; II ) Rosehill: along Handley tion of SI. Kitts and Nevis. Even by the standards of road ; 12) Indian Castle Estate buildings; 13) the Lesser Antilles, Nevis is quite small with an area Montpell ier Estate buildings; 14) M'Lady Well. 15) of 93 km2 (Fig. I). Nevis is nearly round with an av­ Prospect Estate; 16) Hamilton's Estate: along gravel erage diamete r of 12 km and is dominated by a steep acce ss roads ; 17) Charlestown: collected from volcanic cone reaching 985 m. The adjacent island building s; 18) Barnes Ghaut: flyway along gravel ofSt. Kitts lies across a shallow 3.5 km wide channel road above Jessup; 19) Nelson Spring. 20) Cades to the northwest of Nevis. Nevis has a mild tropical Estate ·'·Bats of Nevis 253 brake, which continues to the summit. The vegetation Roost Surveys in this area is primarily (50--60%) mountain.cabbage (Euterpe globosa sand 15% tree ferns (Cyathea arbo­ An additional 141 bats (Brachyphylla caverna­ rea), with such associated trees as blue tongue (Ma­ rum, Tadarida brasiliensis, Molossus molossus) were rila racemosa ), pigeonberry (Hirella triandra), and captured by hand from a dozen bat roosts, caves, and blue box (flex sideroxyloides). Good rain forest is buildings during the two survey periods February 2 only present on the northwestern face of Nevis Peak through March 13, 1999, and July I to 8, 2001. above Jessop's. Two small areas of other vegetation I types are dry evergreen forest along the top of a high ridge that runs to the east from the primary peak and Visual Records montane thicket that is intermediate between the palm brake and the rain forest above Jessop's. Natalu s stramineus was observed on numerous Historically, several hurricanes have hit the re­ occasions in a cave on the Mount Pleasant Estate. One gion, especially Hurricane Georges, which caused ofus (1.1.) has observed greater fishing bats on at least considerable damage on St. Kitts and Nevis when it two occasions on the west coast of Nevis. made landfall southeast of Basseterre, St. Kitts, on September 21, 1998 (see also Rodriquez-Duran and Measurements Vazquez, 200 I). In subsequent years, Hurricanes Jose and Lenny in September and November 1999, respec­ Voucher specimens from the 200 I survey were tively, have had major impacts on the economy and deposited in the research collections at the University forest ecology on Nevis. of Nebraska State Museum. All measurements are in millimeters and body masses are given in grams. Forearms and crania were measured with digital Mist-n etting calipers (Table 2).
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