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ECSS-E-HB-32-20 Part 6A 20 March 2011

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ECSS-E-HB-32-20 Part 6A 20 March 2011 ECSS-E-HB-32-20 Part 6A 20 March 2011 Space engineering Structural materials handbook - Part 6: Fracture and material modelling, case studies and design and integrity control and inspection NOTE: This pdf‐file does not contain automatic cross‐references. To make use of the cross‐references please use the MS Word version of this document. ECSS Secretariat ESA-ESTEC Requirements & Standards Division Noordwijk, The Netherlands ECSS‐E‐HB‐32‐20 Part 6A 20 March 2011 Foreword This Handbook is one document of the series of ECSS Documents intended to be used as supporting material for ECSS Standards in space projects and applications. ECSS is a cooperative effort of the European Space Agency, national space agencies and European industry associations for the purpose of developing and maintaining common standards. This handbook has been prepared by the ECSS‐E‐HB‐32‐30 Working Group, reviewed by the ECSS Executive Secretariat and approved by the ECSS Technical Authority. Disclaimer ECSS does not provide any warranty whatsoever, whether expressed, implied, or statutory, including, but not limited to, any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or any warranty that the contents of the item are error‐free. In no respect shall ECSS incur any liability for any damages, including, but not limited to, direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages arising out of, resulting from, or in any way connected to the use of this document, whether or not based upon warranty, business agreement, tort, or otherwise; whether or not injury was sustained by persons or property or otherwise; and whether or not loss was sustained from, or arose out of, the results of, the item, or any services that may be provided by ECSS. Published by: ESA Requirements and Standards Division ESTEC, P.O. Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands Copyright: 2011© by the European Space Agency for the members of ECSS 2 ECSS‐E‐HB‐32‐20 Part 6A 20 March 2011 Change log ECSS‐E‐HB‐32‐20 Part 6A First issue 20 March 2011 3 ECSS‐E‐HB‐32‐20 Part 6A 20 March 2011 Table of contents Change log.................................................................................................................3 Introduction..............................................................................................................27 64 Behaviour of advanced composites .................................................................28 64.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................28 64.2 Summary of material behaviour ...............................................................................29 64.2.1 Metal matrix composites.............................................................................29 64.2.2 Inorganic ceramic matrix composites .........................................................30 64.3 Significant behavioural characteristics .....................................................................30 64.3.1 General.......................................................................................................30 64.3.2 Modulus mismatch......................................................................................30 64.3.3 Matrix-to-reinforcement interface................................................................31 64.3.4 In-situ fibre strength....................................................................................32 64.3.5 CTE mismatch............................................................................................32 64.3.6 Thermal history and residual stresses........................................................33 64.3.7 Multiple cracking.........................................................................................33 64.3.8 Thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) .............................................................33 64.4 Basic fracture characteristics ...................................................................................33 64.4.1 General.......................................................................................................33 64.4.2 Particulate reinforced MMC ........................................................................34 64.4.3 Fibre reinforced MMC.................................................................................35 64.4.4 Fibre reinforced CMC .................................................................................36 64.4.5 Defining design values ...............................................................................37 64.5 Failure criteria for CMC ............................................................................................37 64.5.1 Introduction.................................................................................................37 64.5.2 Design aspects...........................................................................................37 64.6 References ...............................................................................................................40 64.6.1 General.......................................................................................................40 65 Particulate reinforced metals ............................................................................41 65.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................41 4 ECSS‐E‐HB‐32‐20 Part 6A 20 March 2011 65.1.1 Materials.....................................................................................................41 65.1.2 Composites.................................................................................................41 65.1.3 Particulate reinforcement............................................................................42 65.2 Damage mechanisms...............................................................................................43 65.2.1 Unnotched specimen..................................................................................43 65.2.2 Notched specimen......................................................................................44 65.2.3 Influence of particles...................................................................................44 65.2.4 Composite performance .............................................................................45 65.3 Failure modes and fracture behaviour......................................................................45 65.3.1 Matrix effects ..............................................................................................45 65.3.2 Failure mode studies ..................................................................................46 65.3.3 Particulate shape and aspect ratio .............................................................46 65.3.4 Particulate fracture .....................................................................................48 65.3.5 Void nucleation and growth ........................................................................48 65.3.6 Fracture toughness.....................................................................................49 65.4 Thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) and creep ..........................................................50 65.4.1 Residual stresses .......................................................................................50 65.4.2 Temperature...............................................................................................50 65.4.3 Superplasticity ............................................................................................50 65.4.4 Applications ................................................................................................50 65.5 References ...............................................................................................................50 65.5.1 General.......................................................................................................50 66 Fibre reinforced metals......................................................................................53 66.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................53 66.1.1 Materials.....................................................................................................53 66.2 Damage mechanisms...............................................................................................54 66.2.1 General.......................................................................................................54 66.2.2 Effect of lay-up............................................................................................54 66.3 Failure modes...........................................................................................................55 66.3.1 General.......................................................................................................55 66.3.2 Matrix dominated failure .............................................................................55 66.3.3 Fibre-dominated damage ...........................................................................55 66.3.4 Self-similar damage growth ........................................................................55 66.3.5 Fibre-matrix interfacial failures ...................................................................56 66.4 Thermo-mechanical and creep response.................................................................56 66.4.1 General.......................................................................................................56
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