The Development and Challenges of Indonesian Language As an Academic Language
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Technical Report Phase I 1997-2001 Technical Report Phase I 1997-2001
cvr_itto 4/10/02 10:06 AM Page 1 Technical Report Phase I 1997-2001 Technical Technical Report Phase I 1997-2001 ITTO PROJECT PD 12/97 REV.1 (F) Forest, Science and Sustainability: The Bulungan Model Forest ITTO project PD 12/97 Rev. 1 (F) project PD 12/97 Rev. ITTO ITTO Copyright © 2002 International Tropical Timber Organization International Organization Center, 5th Floor Pacifico - Yokohama 1-1-1 Minato - Mirai, Nishi - ku Yokohama - City, Japan 220-0012 Tel. : +81 (45) 2231110; Fax: +81 (45) 2231110 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.itto.or.jp Center for International Forestry Research Mailing address: P.O. Box 6596 JKPWB, Jakarta 10065, Indonesia Office address: Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor Barat 16680, Indonesia Tel.: +62 (251) 622622; Fax: +62 (251) 622100 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.cifor.cgiar.org Financial support from the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) through the Project PD 12/97 Rev.1 (F), Forest, Science and Sustainability: The Bulungan Model Forest is gratefully acknowledged ii chapter00 2 4/8/02, 2:50 PM Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations iv Foreword vi Acknowledgements viii Executive summary ix 1. Introduction 1 2. Overview of Approaches and Methods 4 3. General Description of the Bulungan Research Forest 8 4. Research on Logging 23 4.a. Comparison of Reduced-Impact Logging and Conventional Logging Techniques 23 4.b. Reduced-Impact Logging in Indonesian Borneo: Some Results Confirming the Need for New Silvicultural Prescriptions 26 4.c. Cost-benefit Analysis of Reduced-Impact Logging in a Lowland Dipterocarp Forest of Malinau, East Kalimantan 39 5. -
Lontara (25 Marks)
Lontara (25 marks) Buginese is a language of the southern region of Sulawesi, the third largest island of Indonesia. It is written using a script called Lontara. The script's name comes from the Malay word for palm, lontar . The long, thin leaves of the palm were once used to create scroll-like manuscripts. What you see below is a passage from the epic Indonesian creation myth Sureq Galigo, written in Buginese using the Lontara script. The same passage: English translation There is no one to call the gods Lord, or to offer praise to the underworld. Why Lord don't you have one of your children descend, and incarnate him on the earth; do not leave the world empty and the earth uninhabited. You are not a god, Lord, if there are no humans under the heavens, above the underworld, to call the gods Lord. Buginese with the Latin alphabet, scrambled The Buginese text of this passage is shown again below, but this time written in the Latin alphabet instead of the Lontara script. Unfortunately, it has also been chopped up into ten pieces and scrambled up. Notes about spelling: • e is a vowel (/ ə/), pronounced u as in mud. • é is a vowel (/ ɛ/), pronounced e as in bed. • q is the glottal stop (/ ʔ/), the sound in the middle of uh-oh. a. ajaq naonro lobbang linoé b. lé namasuaq mua na sia c. makkatajangeng ri atawareng. d. mappaleq wali ri pérétiwi. e. mattampa puang lé ri batara, f. mattampa puang lé ri batara. g. ri awa langiq, lé ri ménéqna pérétiwié, h. -
Language Choice of Balinese and Japanese Mixed Marriage Children
ISSN 1798-4769 Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 604-610, July 2020 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1104.11 Language Choice of Balinese and Japanese Mixed Marriage Children Lukia Zuraida Bali Tourism Polytechnic, Bali, Indonesia Made Budiarsa Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia I Ketut Darma Laksana Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia I Wayan Simpen Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia Abstract—Japanese and Balinese mixed marriage children have become bilingual since the early years of the language acquisition period. They acquired the inheritance of the languages (Indonesian, Japanese, and Balinese) from their parents. This research was conducted to find the language choice of mixed marriage children of Balinese and Japanese in Bali. The language use domain is divided into two: family and social. In each domain, the topic, the background of the situation, and the people involved are determined. The data was gathered using questionnaires employed to 10 mixed married families. The method includes observation and interviews. The result of data analysis showed that in the family domain there are variations of the children's language preferences when communicating. The children choose Indonesian when communicating with the father, and Japanese with the mother. However, there are also other options for using mixed code between Indonesian, Japanese and also English. In the social domain, the language choice is more homogeneous, which is Indonesian. Meanwhile, it was found that there was resistance towards the use of Balinese by Japanese- Balinese Mixed Marriage Family (JBMF) and the factors that affected the children's language choice were also discovered. -
Transforming Sundanese Script: from Palm Leaf to Digital Typography
Transforming Sundanese Script: From Palm Leaf to Digital Typography PRESENTER’S IDENTITY HERE Name: Agung Zainal M. Raden, Rustopo, Timbul Haryono Affiliation: Program Doktor ISI Surakarta Abstract Code: ABS-ICOLLITE-20026 Transforming Sundanese Script: From Palm Leaf to Digital Typography AGUNG ZAINAL MUTTAKIN RADEN, RUSTOPO, TIMBUL HARYONO ABSTRACT The impact of globalisation is the lost of local culture, transformation is an attempt to offset the global culture. This article will discuss the transformation process from the Sundanese script contained in palm leaf media to the modern Sundanese script in the form of digital typography. The method used is transformation, which can be applied to rediscover the ancient Sundanese script within the new form known as the modern Sundanese script that it is relevant to modern society. Transformation aims to maintain local culture from global cultural domination. This article discovers the way Sundanese people reinvent their identity through the transformation from ancient Sundanese script to modern Sundanese script by designing a new form of script in order to follow the global technological developments. Keywords: Sundanese script, digital typography, transformation, reinventing, globalisation INTRODUCTION Sundanese ancient handwriting in palm leaf manuscripts is one of the cultural heritage that provides rich knowledge about past, recent, and the future of the Sundanese. The Sundanese script is a manifestation of Sundanese artefacts that contain many symbols and values Digitisation is the process of transforming analogue material into binary electronic (digital) form, especially for storage and use in a computer The dataset consists of three type of data: annotation at word level, annotation at character level, and binarised images Unicode is a universal character encoding standard used for representation of text for computer processing METHODS Transforming: Aims to reinvent an old form of tradition so that it fits into and suits contemporary lifestyles. -
Arxiv:2011.02128V1 [Cs.CL] 4 Nov 2020
Cross-Lingual Machine Speech Chain for Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, and Bataks Speech Recognition and Synthesis Sashi Novitasari1, Andros Tjandra1, Sakriani Sakti1;2, Satoshi Nakamura1;2 1Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan 2RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project AIP, Japan fsashi.novitasari.si3, tjandra.ai6, ssakti,[email protected] Abstract Even though over seven hundred ethnic languages are spoken in Indonesia, the available technology remains limited that could support communication within indigenous communities as well as with people outside the villages. As a result, indigenous communities still face isolation due to cultural barriers; languages continue to disappear. To accelerate communication, speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) technology is one approach that can overcome language barriers. However, S2ST systems require machine translation (MT), speech recognition (ASR), and synthesis (TTS) that rely heavily on supervised training and a broad set of language resources that can be difficult to collect from ethnic communities. Recently, a machine speech chain mechanism was proposed to enable ASR and TTS to assist each other in semi-supervised learning. The framework was initially implemented only for monolingual languages. In this study, we focus on developing speech recognition and synthesis for these Indonesian ethnic languages: Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, and Bataks. We first separately train ASR and TTS of standard Indonesian in supervised training. We then develop ASR and TTS of ethnic languages by utilizing Indonesian ASR and TTS in a cross-lingual machine speech chain framework with only text or only speech data removing the need for paired speech-text data of those ethnic languages. Keywords: Indonesian ethnic languages, cross-lingual approach, machine speech chain, speech recognition and synthesis. -
05-06 2013 GPD Insides.Indd
Front Cover [Do not print] Replace with page 1 of cover PDF WILLIAM CAREY LIBRARY NEW RELEASE Developing Indigenous Leaders Lessons in Mission from Buddhist Asia (SEANET 10) Every movement is only one generation from dying out. Leadership development remains the critical issue for mission endeavors around the world. How are leaders developed from the local context for the local context? What is the role of the expatriate in this process? What models of hope are available for those seeking further direction in this area, particularly in mission to the Buddhist world of Asia? To answer these and several other questions, SEANET proudly presents the tenth volume in its series on practical missiology, Developing Indigenous Leaders: Lessons in Mission from Buddhist Asia. Each chapter in this volume is written by a practitioner and a mission scholar. Th e ten authors come from a wide range of ecclesial and national backgrounds and represent service in ten diff erent Buddhist contexts of Asia. With biblical integrity and cultural sensitivity, these chapters provide honest refl ection, insight, and guidance. Th ere is perhaps no more crucial issue than the development of dedicated indigenous leaders who will remain long after missionaries have returned home. If you are concerned about raising up leaders in your ministry in whatever cultural context it may be, this volume will be an important addition to your library. ISBN: 978-0-87808-040-3 List Price: $17.99 Paul H. De Neui Our Price: $14.39 WCL | Pages 243 | Paperback 2013 3 or more: $9.89 www.missionbooks.org 1-800-MISSION Become a Daily World Christian What is the Global Prayer Digest? Loose Change Adds Up! Th e Global Prayer Digest is a unique devotion- In adapting the Burma Plan to our culture, al booklet. -
BIBLIOGRAPHY NOTES to the TEXT 1 H. LING ROTH, the Natives
BIBLIOGRAPHY NOTES TO THE TEXT 1 H. LING ROTH, The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo. London 18%. Vol. I, XXXII + 464 pp. + map; Vol. II, IV + 302 pp. + 240 pp. Appendices. In vol. II Chapter XXI: Mengap, the Song of the Sea Dyak Head Feast, by J. PERHAM, p. 174-183. Chapter XXVII: Languages, Names, Colours, p.267-278. Appendices I, Vocabularies p. 1-160: Sea Dyak, Malay, by H. BROOKE Low; Rejang River Dialect, by H. BROOKE Low; Malay, Kanowit, Kyan, Bintulu, Punan, Matu, by H. BROOKE Low; Malay, Brunei, Bisaya, Murut Padas, Murut Trusan, Dali Dusun, Malanau, by C. DE CRESPIGNY; A collection of 43 words in use in different Districts, by HUPE; Collection of nine words in eight dialects, by CH. HOSE; Kayan, by R. BURNS; Sadong, Lara, Sibuyau, by SP. ST. JOHN; Sabuyau, Lara, Salakau, Lundu, by W. GoMEZ; Sea Dayak (and Bugau), Malau, by MR. BRERETON; Milanau, Kayan, Pakatan, by SP. ST. JOHN; Ida'an, Bisaya, Adang (Murut), by SP. ST. JOlIN; Lanun, by SP. ST. JOHN; Sarawak Dayak, by W. CHALMERS; Iranun, Dusun, Bulud Opie, Sulu, Kian, Punan, Melano, Bukutan, Land Dyak, Balau, published by F. A. SWETTENHAM, collected by TREACHER, COWIE, HOLLAND and ZAENDER. 2 SIDNEY H. RAY, The languages of Borneo. SMJ 1. 4 (1913) p.1-1%. Review by N. ADRIANI, Indische Gids 36 (1914) p. 766-767. 3 Uit de verslagen van Dr. W. KERN, taalambtenaar op Borneo 1938-1941. TBG 82 (1948) p. 538---559. 4 E. R. LEACH, Social Science Research in Sarawak. A Report on the Possibilities of a Social Economic Survey of Sarawak pre sented to the Colonial Social Science Research Council. -
<1> Miwoc in California 12 Points
OzCLO2014 NATIONAL ROUND Marking Guide <1> Miwoc in California 12 points In general, the endings of each of these Miwoc words indicate information about who or what is doing something to whom or what, i.e., a combination of subject and object features — to use linguist speak. Before attempting the tasks assigned below, it may help you to fill out the following grid. Some cells are filled in as a guide, e.g., nixmaš on the end of a verb indicates that 'we' do something to 'you', while put indicates that 'they' do something to 'me', and š means that 'you' do something. HINT: In some cells you will have alternating endings, while the same ending may appear in more than one cell. A B C Subject → I we you you all he they Object ↓ me (k)mu (k)muč t put 1 us (k)mušme (k)mušmeč m pum you (k)muš (k)nixmaš n pun 2 you all (k)mutoš toknixmaš ton puton him m/k (k)maš š toš ∅ p 3 them m/k (k)maš š toš ∅ p 4 (none) m/k (k)maš š toš ∅ p Task 1: 2.5 points [0.5 for each correct] Write the five verb stems (i.e., minimal part of word expressing verb meaning without the Tense or Subject and Object endings) corresponding to bite, speak (to), catch, come (to) and watch. (Write the Miwoc verb stem below the corresponding English verb.) bite speak (to) catch come (to) watch yil kač lot xin šiyič Task 2: 1.5 points [0.5 for each correct] a. -
The Structure of the Toba Batak Conversation Hilman
Singapore THE STRUCTURE OF THE TOBA BATAK CONVERSATIONS Hilman Pardede, Padang Sidempuan, May 25, 1960. He graduated from PressInternational English Program of North Sumatera THE STRUCTURE University in 1987. In the year of 1992 he took Magister Program in IKIP Malang, OF THE TOBA BATAK then he went to Doctoral Program in linguistics at North Sumatera University CONVERSATION in the year of 2007. In 2008, he attended a Sandwich Program in Aurbun THEBATAK CONVERSATION TOBA OF University, Alabama, USA. In 2010, he was a speaker in the International Seminar in Trang, Thailand. He presented a paper entitled “Adjecancy Pair in Toba STRUCTURE THE Batak”. HILMAN PARDEDE This book is about the structure of the Toba Batak Conversations. The structures are categorized as interaction and linguistics. The interaction structures are restricted to adjacency pairs and turn-taking, and the linguistic structure to phonological, grammatical and semantic completion point. There are some negative cases in the structure of Toba Batak conversations. These negative cases result from the Conversation HILMAN PARDEDE Analysis (CA) as a tool used to explain the interaction and linguistic structure in Toba Batak phenomena. ISBN: Singapore International Presss Singapore International Press 2012 THE STRUCTURE OF THE TOBA BATAK CONVERSATIONS Hilman Pardede Singapore International Press 2012 THE STRUCTURE OF THE TOBA BATAK CONVERSATIONS By Hilman Pardede, Ph.D A Lecturer in English Language Teaching for Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar – Medan, Indonesia @Hilman Pardede, Ph.D ISBN: First Edition 2012 Singapore Do not circulate this book or any part of it in any binding or form by means of any equipment without any legal permission from Hilman Pardede, Ph.D! Prodeo et Patricia 2 For Lissa Donna Manurung and Claudia Benedita Pardede 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my deep gratitude to all those who lent their assistance and advice in the preparation and publication of this book. -
Youth, Technology and Indigenous Language Revitalization in Indonesia
Youth, Technology and Indigenous Language Revitalization in Indonesia Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Putra, Kristian Adi Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 19:51:25 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/630210 YOUTH, TECHNOLOGY AND INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE REVITALIZATION IN INDONESIA by Kristian Adi Putra ______________________________ Copyright © Kristian Adi Putra 2018 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND TEACHING In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2018 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Kristian Adi Putra, titled Youth, Technology and Indigenous Language Revitalization in Indonesia and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. -~- ------+-----,T,___~-- ~__ _________ Date: (4 / 30/2018) Leisy T Wyman - -~---~· ~S:;;;,#--,'-L-~~--~- -------Date: (4/30/2018) 7 Jonath:2:inhardt ---12Mij-~-'-+--~4---IF-'~~~~~"____________ Date: (4 / 30 I 2018) Perry Gilmore Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate' s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. -
Of ODOARDOBECCARI Dedication
1864 1906 1918 Dedicated to the memory of ODOARDOBECCARI Dedication A dedication to ODOARDO BECCARI, the greatest botanist ever to study in Malesia, is long overdue. Although best known as a plant taxonomist, his versatile genius extended far beyond the basic field ofthis branch ofBotany, his wide interest leading him to investigate the laws ofevolution, the interrelations between plants and animals, the connection between vegetation and environ- cultivated ment, plant distribution, the and useful plants of Malesia and many other problems of life. plant But, even if he devoted his studies to plants, in the depth of his mind he was primarily a naturalist, and in his long, lonely and dangerousexplorations in Malesia he was attracted to all aspects ofnature and human life, assembling, besides plants, an incredibly large number of collec- tions and an invaluable wealth ofdrawings and observations in zoology, anthropologyand ethnol- He ogy. was indeed a naturalist, and one of the greatest of his time; but never in his mind were the knowledge and beauty of Nature disjoined, and, as he was a true and complete naturalist, he the time was at same a poet and an artist. His Nelleforestedi Borneo, Viaggi ericerche di un mturalista(1902), excellently translatedinto English (in a somewhatabbreviated form) by Prof. E. GioLiouandrevised and edited by F.H.H. Guillemardas Wanderingsin the great forests of Borneo (1904), is a treasure in tropical botany; it is in fact an unrivalledintroductionto tropical plant lifeand animals, man included. It is a most readable book touching on all sorts of topics and we advise it to be studied by all young people whose ambition it is to devote their life to tropical research. -
Documenting Endangered Alphabets
Documenting endangered alphabets Industry Focus Tim Brookes Three years ago, acting on a notion so whimsi- cal I assumed it was a kind of presenile monoma- nia, I began carving endangered alphabets. The Tdisclaimers start right away. I’m not a linguist, an anthropologist, a cultural historian or even a woodworker. I’m a writer — but I had recently started carving signs for friends and family, and I stumbled on Omniglot.com, an online encyclo- pedia of the world’s writing systems, and several things had struck me forcibly. For a start, even though the world has more than 6,000 Figure 1: Tifinagh. languages (some of which will be extinct even by the time this article goes to press), it has fewer than 100 scripts, and perhaps a passing them on as a series of items for consideration and dis- third of those are endangered. cussion. For example, what does a written language — any writ- Working with a set of gouges and a paintbrush, I started to ten language — look like? The Endangered Alphabets highlight document as many of these scripts as I could find, creating three this question in a number of interesting ways. As the forces of exhibitions and several dozen individual pieces that depicted globalism erode scripts such as these, the number of people who words, phrases, sentences or poems in Syriac, Bugis, Baybayin, can write them dwindles, and the range of examples of each Samaritan, Makassarese, Balinese, Javanese, Batak, Sui, Nom, script is reduced. My carvings may well be the only examples Cherokee, Inuktitut, Glagolitic, Vai, Bassa Vah, Tai Dam, Pahauh of, say, Samaritan script or Tifinagh that my visitors ever see.