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The NAACP and the Black Freedom Struggle in Baltimore, 1935-1975 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillm
“A Mean City”: The NAACP and the Black Freedom Struggle in Baltimore, 1935-1975 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By: Thomas Anthony Gass, M.A. Department of History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Hasan Kwame Jeffries, Advisor Dr. Kevin Boyle Dr. Curtis Austin 1 Copyright by Thomas Anthony Gass 2014 2 Abstract “A Mean City”: The NAACP and the Black Freedom Struggle in Baltimore, 1935-1975” traces the history and activities of the Baltimore branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from its revitalization during the Great Depression to the end of the Black Power Movement. The dissertation examines the NAACP’s efforts to eliminate racial discrimination and segregation in a city and state that was “neither North nor South” while carrying out the national directives of the parent body. In doing so, its ideas, tactics, strategies, and methods influenced the growth of the national civil rights movement. ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the Jackson, Mitchell, and Murphy families and the countless number of African Americans and their white allies throughout Baltimore and Maryland that strove to make “The Free State” live up to its moniker. It is also dedicated to family members who have passed on but left their mark on this work and myself. They are my grandparents, Lucious and Mattie Gass, Barbara Johns Powell, William “Billy” Spencer, and Cynthia L. “Bunny” Jones. This victory is theirs as well. iii Acknowledgements This dissertation has certainly been a long time coming. -
Papers of the Naacp
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr., Sharon Harley, and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Part Selected Branch Files, 27 1956-1965 Series A: The South UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr., Sharon Harley, and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Part 27: Selected Branch Files, 1956-1965 Series A: The South Edited by John H. Bracey, Jr., Sharon Harley, and August Meier Project Coordinator Randolph Boehm Guide compiled by Daniel Lewis A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway * Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Papers of the NAACP. [microform] Accompanied by printed reel guides. Contents: pt. 1. Meetings of the Board of Directors, records of annual conferences, major speeches, and special reports, 1909-1950/editorial adviser, August Meier; edited by Mark Fox--pt. 2. Personal correspondence of selected NAACP officials, 1919-1939 --[etc.]--pt. 27. Selected Branch Files, 1956-1965. 1. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People--Archives. 2. Afro-Americans--Civil Rights--History--20th century--Sources. 3. Afro- Americans--History--1877-1964--Sources. 4. United States--Race relations--Sources. I. Meier, August, 1923- . II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Title. E185.61 [Microfilm] 973'.0496073 86-892185 ISBN 1-55655-759-0 (microfilm: pt. 27, series A) Copyright © 2001 by University Publications of America. -
The Evelyn T. Butts Story Kenneth Cooper Alexa
Developing and Sustaining Political Citizenship for Poor and Marginalized People: The Evelyn T. Butts Story Kenneth Cooper Alexander ORCID Scholar ID# 0000-0001-5601-9497 A Dissertation Submitted to the PhD in Leadership and Change Program of Antioch University in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2019 This dissertation has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in Leadership and Change, Graduate School of Leadership and Change, Antioch University. Dissertation Committee • Dr. Philomena Essed, Committee Chair • Dr. Elizabeth L. Holloway, Committee Member • Dr. Tommy L. Bogger, Committee Member Copyright 2019 Kenneth Cooper Alexander All rights reserved Acknowledgements When I embarked on my doctoral work at Antioch University’s Graduate School of Leadership and Change in 2015, I knew I would eventually share the fruits of my studies with my hometown of Norfolk, Virginia, which has given so much to me. I did not know at the time, though, how much the history of Norfolk would help me choose my dissertation topic, sharpen my insights about what my forebears endured, and strengthen my resolve to pass these lessons forward to future generations. Delving into the life and activism of voting-rights champion Evelyn T. Butts was challenging, stimulating, and rewarding; yet my journey was never a lonely one. Throughout my quest, I was blessed with the support, patience, and enduring love of my wife, Donna, and our two sons, Kenneth II and David, young men who will soon begin their own pursuits in higher education. Their embrace of my studies constantly reminded me of how important family and community have been throughout my life. -
PAPERS of the NAACP Part Segregation and Discrimination, 15 Complaints and Responses, 1940-1955
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Part Segregation and Discrimination, 15 Complaints and Responses, 1940-1955 Series A: Legal Department Files UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Part 15. Segregation and Discrimination, Complaints and Responses, 1940-1955 Series A: Legal Department Files Edited by John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier Project Coordinator Randolph Boehm Guide compiled by Martin Schipper A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloglng-ln-Publlcatlon Data National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Papers of the NAACP. [microform] Accompanied by printed reel guides. Contents: pt. 1. Meetings of the Board of Directors, records of annual conferences, major speeches, and special reports, 1909-1950 / editorial adviser, August Meier; edited by Mark Fox - pt. 2. Personal correspondence of selected NAACP officials, 1919-1939 / editorial - [etc.] - pt. 15. Segregation and discrimination, complaints and responses, 1940-1955. 1. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People-Archives. 2. Afro-Americans-Civil Rights-History-20th century-Sources. 3. Afro- Americans-History-1877-1964~Sources. 4. United States-Race relations-Sources. I. Meier, August, 1923- . II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Title. E185.61 [Microfilm] 973'.0496073 86-892185 ISBN 1-55655-460-5 (microfilm : pt. -
Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Made from the Original Document
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 449 105 SO 032 503 TITLE Maryland Women Who Dare: Paving the Way to the New Millennium. Maryland Women's History Display Kit 2000. INSTITUTION Maryland'State Dept. of Education, Baltimore. SPONS AGENCY Maryland State Dept. of Human Resources, Baltimore.; Maryland State Commission for Women, Baltimore. PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 160p.; This kit contains a booklet of activities and a packet of black and white photographs of notable Maryland women with profiles of their lives. AVAILABLE FROM Equity Assurance and Compliance Branch, Maryland State Department of Education, 200 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. Tel: 410-767-0433. PUB TYPE Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Community Involvement; *Females; *Leaders; *Leadership; Leadership Qualities; *Recognition (Achievement); Secondary Education; Social Studies; State History; *Womens History IDENTIFIERS Biodata; *Maryland ABSTRACT This resource packet highlights over 30 contemporary Maryland women who reveal motivating stories from diverse backgrounds and occupations. The purpose of the packet is to recognize representative women of achievement and to ensure that teachers have the necessary tools to illustrate the extensive leadership and community involvement of Maryland women. The resource packet has three components:(1) display photographs of contemporary Maryland women;(2) descriptive captions to accompany each photograph; and (3)a resource booklet which contains a brief biographical profile of each woman pictured; personal reflections; suggested activities; and a resource directory. (BT) Reproductions supplied_by_EDRS are_the_best that can_be made from the original document. Maryland Women Who Dare: Paving the Way to the New Millennium. Maryland Women's History Display Kit 2000. Maryland State Dept. -
Mckeldin Jackson Subject Guide
Subject Guide to the McKeldin-Jackson Project, 1969-1977 The following guide has been prepared to provide some direction for research in the main subject areas of the McKeldin-Jackson Project. This is by no means an exhaustive list. Further exploration of all interviews is suggested, particularly by use of the name indexes available for many of the oral histories as well as the interview summaries located on the McKeldin-Jackson Oral History Project inventory. African Americans on Police Force OH 8138, Evelyn Burrell OH 8094, OH 8095, OH 8097, Juanita Jackson Mitchell OH 8125, Col. William A. Harris OH 8152, James Hepbron Afro-American Newspaper and Dr. Carl Murphy OH 8147, Troy Brailey OH 8134, Dr. J.E.T. Camper OH 8154, OH 8198, OH 8209, Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. OH 8094, OH 8095, OH 8097, Juanita Jackson Mitchell OH 8140, Elizabeth Murphy Ross OH 8160, Luther H. Stuckey OH 8127, Edward N. Wilson OH 8136, Leon Sachs OH 8076, Rev. Arthur Payne OH 8132, Judge John R. Hargrove OH 8117, Louise Kerr Hines OH 8143, Winifred O. Bryson OH 8141, Margaret L. Dyer OH 8174, Clarence Blount OH 8163, Martin D. Jenkins OH 8125, Col. William A. Harris Baltimore Commission Self-Survey OH 8146, Lane Berk OH 8172, Walter Sondheim OH 8020, Caroline Ramsay Black Panther Party, Soul School & other militant groups OH 8094, OH 8095, OH 8097, Juanita Jackson Mitchell OH 8094, OH 8097, Virginia Jackson Kiah OH 8145, Verda D. Welcome OH 8170, Parren Mitchell OH 8160, Luther H. Stuckey OH 8118, Chester L. Wickwire OH 8125, Col. -
Maryland's First Black Women Law Graduates Taunya Lovell Banks
Maryland Law Review Volume 63 | Issue 4 Article 7 Setting the Record Straight: Maryland's First Black Women Law Graduates Taunya Lovell Banks Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mlr Part of the Legal Education Commons Recommended Citation Taunya L. Banks, Setting the Record Straight: Maryland's First Black Women Law Graduates, 63 Md. L. Rev. 752 (2004) Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mlr/vol63/iss4/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Academic Journals at DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maryland Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SETTING THE RECORD STRAIGHT: MARYLAND'S FIRST BLACK WOMEN LAW GRADUATES TAUNYA LOVELL BANKS* INTRODUCTION Until 1888, twenty years after the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment,' the State of Maryland, by statute, restricted the practice of law to white males.2 Thus, both race and gender posed insurmounta- ble barriers to black women, white women, and black men who wanted to practice law in Maryland. Yet black and white women and black men did practice law in other states. In 1844, Macon Boiling Allen became the first known black lawyer when he was admitted to practice law in the State of Maine.3 Before the Civil War, no Southern state had admitted black Americans to practice law.4 Even after the War ended, Maryland, like other Southern states, continued to bar all blacks from the practice of 5 law. -
Ballot & Beyond
September 7, 2020 28 New Episodes of the “Ballot & Beyond” Podcast Researched and Recorded by Maryland Women’s Heritage Center Volunteers BALTIMORE (September 7, 2020) - The Maryland Women’s Heritage Center (MWHC) is thrilled to announce its collaboration with Preservation Maryland in the making of a new season of “Ballot & Beyond” podcasts. Available now for streaming and reading on www.ballotandbeyond.org, “Ballot & Beyond” Season Two is a multi- media public history exhibit and podcast offering audio biographies of 28 valiant Maryland women, written and recorded by MWHC volunteers. The featured women include Maryland suffragists, MWHC’s research focus during this 2020 Year of the Woman. Also recorded are profiles of many women recognized by the Maryland Women’s Hall of Fame for their significant contributions to causes including freedom, justice, and equality. They represent Maryland’s diverse cultures, and locales from the rural Eastern shore, to the mountains of Garrett County, to the streets of Baltimore. Some podcast subjects are familiar, such as Harriet Tubman, Clara Barton, Henrietta Lacks, and Senator Verda Welcome. Others have been newly uncovered as MWHC’s statewide network of researchers combed archives, diaries, family records, old newspaper clippings, suffrage histories, and museum collections. The contributing voices heard on “Ballot & Beyond” are as distinguished and diverse as the biographies. They include a descendant of Baltimore suffragist and Jewish civic leader Sadie Jacobs Crockin; Morgan State University’s archivist; Howard County’s first and only female county executive; and noted scholars of women’s suffrage and Maryland history. Each story is the product of hours of research by MWHC’s dedicated team of historians, research volunteers, and writers. -
Visual Materials from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Records
VISUAL MATERIALS FROM THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE RECORDS A FINDING AID IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Collection cataloged by: Mary Goss Mundy Finding aid edited and indexed by Tracy Meehleib and Mary Goss Mundy 1995 Prints & Photographs Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Publication Status: Edited Full Draft Finding aid encoded by Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division, 1996 Finding aid URL: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/eadpnp.pp996001 Latest revision: 2004-06-10 Collection Summary Creator: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Title: Visual Materials from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Records (Library of Congress) Span Dates: ca. 1838-1969 Bulk Dates: bulk 1944-1955 Physical Description: 4,596 items : photographic prints, photomechanical prints, lithographs, engravings, and drawings, most b&w, a few color ; various sizes, most 8 x 10 in. or smaller, some as large as 76 x 61 cm. Abstract: Primarily photographs of national and local NAACP administrative staff and programs, with images of civil rights promotion efforts through litigation and public protest. Repository: Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress , Washington, D.C. 20540 For information about Prints and Photographs Division collections and services, see the Prints and Photographs Division's Reading Room Home Page: Selected Search Terms National Association for the Advancement of Colored People African-Americans--1830-1970. African Americans--Civil rights--1830-1970. Civil rights leaders--1900-1970 Photographs--1900-1970 Gelatin silver prints--1900-1970 Snapshots--1900-1970 Group portraits--1900-1970 Portrait photographs--1900-1970 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Introduction (Administrative Information) Provenance The Library of Congress Manuscript Division first acquired the records of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) as a gift from the Association in 1964. -
DOCUMENT RESUME Maryland Women Leading the Way. Maryland
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 418 043 SO 028 734 TITLE Maryland Women Leading the Way. Maryland Women's History Display Kit, 1997. INSTITUTION Maryland State Dept. of Education, Baltimore. SPONS AGENCY Maryland State Commission for Women, Baltimore. PUB DATE 1997-00-00 NOTE 101p.; Contains a booklet of activities and a packet of black and white photographs of notable Maryland women with profiles of their lives. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Elementary Secondary Education; *Females; Leadership; *Local History; Multicultural Education; Social Studies; *State History; United States History; *Womens Studies IDENTIFIERS *Maryland ABSTRACT This display kit highlights the contributions of contemporary Maryland women leaders in many fields. The kit contains a packet of black and white photographs of Maryland women leaders in a variety of areas, with descriptive captions for each picture. The booklet contains an introductory lesson about women and leadership from a historical perspective. The "Profiles and Reflections" section features biographical sketches and personal thoughts about leadership by each woman featured. Sample activities are included for classroom and community use. A resource directory offers sources of information on women leaders. (EH) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** 0 V) 01 Il00 Zr 41 Mal e , U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) laioThis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI osition or polic CI) (." -\ PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND N DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY N00 I C-9A__. -
The 23Rd ANNUAL Booklet Corrected
The 23rd ANNUAL Dr. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. HOLIDAY in Hawai’I 2011, International Year for People of African Descent Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Coalition-Hawaii www.mlk-hawaii.com 1988-2011 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Coalition – Hawai`i 2011 Officers: Patricia Anthony . .President Lee Gordon . 1st Vice President Juliet Begley . Secretary William Rushing . Treasure Co-Sponsor: City & County of Honolulu, Event Chairs: Candlelight Bell Ringing Ceremony: Marsha Joyner & Rev. Charlene Zuill Parade Chairs: William Rushing & Pat Anthony Unity Rally: Jewell McDonald Vendors: Juliet Begley Webmaster : Lee Gordon Coalition Support Groups: African American Association Hawaii Government Employees Association Hawaii National Guard Hawaii State AFL-CIO Hawaiian National Communications Corporation Headquarters US Pacific Command ‘Olelo: The Corporation for Community Television Kapa Alpha Phi Fraternity State of Hawai`i United Nations Association of Hawaii – Hawaii Division United States Military University of Hawaii Professional Assembly Booklet Editor: Marsha Joyner Copyright: Hawaiian National Communications Corporation, 2011. All rights reserved. Message from Mayor 2 Mayor’s Message 3 Table of Contents Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Coalition – Hawai`i 2011 .................................................................1 Table of Contents........................................................................................................................4 THE DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. COALITION – HAWAI’I..................................7 Remaining -
Doster Dissertation
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: “TO STRIKE FOR RIGHT, TO STRIKE WITH MIGHT”: AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN BALTIMORE, 1910–1930 Dennis Anthony Doster, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Directed By: Professor Elsa Barkley Brown Department of History “‘To Strike for Right, To Strike With Might’: African Americans and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Baltimore, 1910–1930” examines the nature, character and scope of early civil rights activism among African Americans in Baltimore, Maryland. Utilizing an expansive definition of “civil rights,” it explores not only voting and holding political office, access to public education, and fair housing opportunities; it also considers struggles for access to municipal and social services and struggles related to labor and employment. By placing all of these terrains of struggle under the umbrella of “civil rights,” the dissertation emphasizes the importance of these rights in relation to one another and their importance in the minds and lives of African Americans who struggled for rights in each of these categories as part of a broader struggle for equality. Baltimore has long been recognized for its civil rights activism by scholars who portray the era of the 1930s to 1950s as a kind of “golden age” of civil rights activism in the city, considering such activism to have been dormant prior to that period. The dissertation reveals an active civil rights movement in the city in the decades preceding the 1930s that was led primarily by members of the middle-class but drew widespread support and strength from members of all classes in Baltimore’s African American community.