DOCSLIB.ORG

Doster Dissertation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Doster Dissertation ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: “TO STRIKE FOR RIGHT, TO STRIKE WITH MIGHT”: AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN BALTIMORE, 1910–1930 Dennis Anthony Doster, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Directed By: Professor Elsa Barkley Brown Department of History “‘To Strike for Right, To Strike With Might’: African Americans and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Baltimore, 1910–1930” examines the nature, character and scope of early civil rights activism among African Americans in Baltimore, Maryland. Utilizing an expansive definition of “civil rights,” it explores not only voting and holding political office, access to public education, and fair housing opportunities; it also considers struggles for access to municipal and social services and struggles related to labor and employment. By placing all of these terrains of struggle under the umbrella of “civil rights,” the dissertation emphasizes the importance of these rights in relation to one another and their importance in the minds and lives of African Americans who struggled for rights in each of these categories as part of a broader struggle for equality. Baltimore has long been recognized for its civil rights activism by scholars who portray the era of the 1930s to 1950s as a kind of “golden age” of civil rights activism in the city, considering such activism to have been dormant prior to that period. The dissertation reveals an active civil rights movement in the city in the decades preceding the 1930s that was led primarily by members of the middle-class but drew widespread support and strength from members of all classes in Baltimore’s African American community. In uncovering the civil rights activism of the period from 1910 to 1930, the dissertation brings to the forefront previously ignored organizations, including the Federation of Parent-Teacher Clubs, the Women’s Cooperative Civic League, the Independent Republican League, and the Baltimore Urban League. It also reveals that the activism of the period from 1910 to 1930 was important in launching major civil rights campaigns of national organizations such as the NAACP, whose residential segregation campaign had roots in the fight in Baltimore. Throughout, the dissertation explores the ways that black Baltimoreans defined priorities and struggled for rights, resulting in a more nuanced understanding of African Americans’ struggles for citizenship and equality at beginning of the twentieth century. “TO STRIKE FOR RIGHT, TO STRIKE WITH MIGHT”: AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN BALTIMORE, 1910–1930 By Dennis Anthony Doster Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 Advisory Committee: Professor Elsa Barkley Brown, Chair Professor Christopher Bonner Professor David Freund Professor Sharon Harley Professor Leslie S. Rowland © Copyright by Dennis Anthony Doster 2015 Dedication To the memory of my grandmother, Rosetter Barrino Doster (1912–2003). ii Acknowledgments According to an often-repeated proverb, “it takes a village to raise a child.” This proverb can easily be applied to the dissertation process for it has taken a “village” of individuals to help me complete this journey. I am extremely grateful for all of the individuals and institutions that have supported me during my graduate school career and helped to shape this dissertation and ultimately bring it to completion. First, I must thank my dissertation advisor, Dr. Elsa Barkley Brown, who helped to shape and re-shape my understanding of the Civil Rights Movement, leading me to engage in this particular area of research. Dr. Barkley Brown’s comments and critiques have continually challenged me, helping me to expand the ideas and questions within this dissertation. She has been a tireless supporter, providing much needed encouragement throughout this often-daunting process. She is the consummate historian and I am grateful for her guidance. I must also thank Dr. Leslie S. Rowland, who has been a part of my graduate school and dissertation journey from the very beginning. Her encouragement, probing questions, and critical editorial eye have all been a tremendous help in completing this dissertation. I am also extremely grateful to the remaining members of my dissertation committee- Dr. Sharon Harley, Dr. David Freund, and Dr. Christopher Bonner. Their sacrifice of time is much appreciated as well as their enthusiasm for this dissertation. Their questions and insights have helped to make this work stronger and will greatly benefit me as I continue this work beyond graduate school. iii I would not have been able to complete this dissertation without the assistance of a number of historians and archivists at a number of repositories. I would particularly like to thank those at the Baltimore City Archives, the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress, and the Maryland Room of the Hornbake Library at the University of Maryland, where I completed a large portion of my research. Additionally, I must thank the staff of the Maryland Historical Society for their assistance during my tenure as a Lord Baltimore Fellow. The completion of this dissertation would not have been possible without the encouragement and support of a vast network of friends. At the University of Maryland, I am grateful for the amazing cohort of scholars who have helped in numerous ways in shaping this dissertation and shaping who I am as a historian. I must especially thank Dr. Jessica Marie Johnson, Eliza Mbughuni Hill, Dr. Mary Elizabeth Murphy, and Dr. Tina Ligon. I am also grateful to my various groups of friends in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area encompassing my religious, fraternal, school, and professional circles. These friends have not only encouraged me, but also helped me to keep my sanity throughout this process. I must especially thank Allan Clyde, Jewel Plummer, Angela Lee, Chris Benson, Ryan Ray, and Damion Henderson, all of whom provided much needed prayer and encouragement during the final stages of this journey. Last, I must acknowledge and thank my parents, Vera and Jerry Doster, and my brother, Michael Doster. At each stage of this journey, they have been either a phone call or a short drive away, providing continuous boosts of confidence, unconditional love, and much-needed financial assistance. I am also grateful for the iv continued love and support of my grandmother, Ellen Jordan. I am truly blessed to have such a loving and supportive family and it is because of them that I have made it to the end of this particular journey. For this I am extremely grateful. v Table of Contents Dedication ..................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................ iii Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... vi List of Tables .............................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ............................................................................................................ viii Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One- “Thank God, Segregation is Dead”: The Baltimore NAACP and the Battle against Residential Segregation ............................................................. 27 Chapter Two- “A Vote for the Man and Not the Party”: Independent Politics and Electoral Realignments ................................................................................... 78 Chapter Three- The Campaign for Equality in Education ........................................ 172 Chapter Four- “Common Interest in the Welfare of the City”: African American Women’s Social Welfare Activism and Interracial Cooperation ........................ 235 Chapter Five- “Common Citizens of the Common City”: Interracial Cooperation and Scientific Social Work in the Baltimore Urban League ................................ 267 Epilogue .................................................................................................................... 312 Bibliography ............................................................................................................. 321 vi List of Tables Table 1.1 African American Population of Baltimore by Ward, 1910 ....................... 40 Table 2.1 Baltimore City Population by Ward, Race, and Gender, 1920 ................. 142 Table 2.2 Registered Voters in Baltimore City by Race and Ward, 1920 ................ 143 Table 2.3 Election Results by County, U.S. Senate Race, Maryland, 1920 ............. 153 Table 2.4 Election Results by Ward in Baltimore City, U.S. Senate Race, Maryland, 1920 .................................................................................................... 155 Table 3.1 Number of African American Schools, Students, and Teachers, 1910 – 1930 ......................................................................................................... 174 Table 3.2 African American Schools in Baltimore, 1910 ......................................... 185 Table 3.3 African American Schools in Baltimore, 1920 ......................................... 203 Table 3.4 African American Schools in Baltimore, 1930 ........................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018
    Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018 Conforming to General Convention 2018 1 Preface Christians have since ancient times honored men and women whose lives represent heroic commitment to Christ and who have borne witness to their faith even at the cost of their lives. Such witnesses, by the grace of God, live in every age. The criteria used in the selection of those to be commemorated in the Episcopal Church are set out below and represent a growing consensus among provinces of the Anglican Communion also engaged in enriching their calendars. What we celebrate in the lives of the saints is the presence of Christ expressing itself in and through particular lives lived in the midst of specific historical circumstances. In the saints we are not dealing primarily with absolutes of perfection but human lives, in all their diversity, open to the motions of the Holy Spirit. Many a holy life, when carefully examined, will reveal flaws or the bias of a particular moment in history or ecclesial perspective. It should encourage us to realize that the saints, like us, are first and foremost redeemed sinners in whom the risen Christ’s words to St. Paul come to fulfillment, “My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” The “lesser feasts” provide opportunities for optional observance. They are not intended to replace the fundamental celebration of Sunday and major Holy Days. As the Standing Liturgical Commission and the General Convention add or delete names from the calendar, successive editions of this volume will be published, each edition bearing in the title the date of the General Convention to which it is a response.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Cloud of Witnesses.Indd
    A Great Cloud of Witnesses i ii A Great Cloud of Witnesses A Calendar of Commemorations iii Copyright © 2016 by The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America Portions of this book may be reproduced by a congregation for its own use. Commercial or large-scale reproduction for sale of any portion of this book or of the book as a whole, without the written permission of Church Publishing Incorporated, is prohibited. Cover design and typesetting by Linda Brooks ISBN-13: 978-0-89869-962-3 (binder) ISBN-13: 978-0-89869-966-1 (pbk.) ISBN-13: 978-0-89869-963-0 (ebook) Church Publishing, Incorporated. 19 East 34th Street New York, New York 10016 www.churchpublishing.org iv Contents Introduction vii On Commemorations and the Book of Common Prayer viii On the Making of Saints x How to Use These Materials xiii Commemorations Calendar of Commemorations Commemorations Appendix a1 Commons of Saints and Propers for Various Occasions a5 Commons of Saints a7 Various Occasions from the Book of Common Prayer a37 New Propers for Various Occasions a63 Guidelines for Continuing Alteration of the Calendar a71 Criteria for Additions to A Great Cloud of Witnesses a73 Procedures for Local Calendars and Memorials a75 Procedures for Churchwide Recognition a76 Procedures to Remove Commemorations a77 v vi Introduction This volume, A Great Cloud of Witnesses, is a further step in the development of liturgical commemorations within the life of The Episcopal Church. These developments fall under three categories. First, this volume presents a wide array of possible commemorations for individuals and congregations to observe.
    [Show full text]
  • The NAACP and the Black Freedom Struggle in Baltimore, 1935-1975 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillm
    “A Mean City”: The NAACP and the Black Freedom Struggle in Baltimore, 1935-1975 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By: Thomas Anthony Gass, M.A. Department of History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Hasan Kwame Jeffries, Advisor Dr. Kevin Boyle Dr. Curtis Austin 1 Copyright by Thomas Anthony Gass 2014 2 Abstract “A Mean City”: The NAACP and the Black Freedom Struggle in Baltimore, 1935-1975” traces the history and activities of the Baltimore branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from its revitalization during the Great Depression to the end of the Black Power Movement. The dissertation examines the NAACP’s efforts to eliminate racial discrimination and segregation in a city and state that was “neither North nor South” while carrying out the national directives of the parent body. In doing so, its ideas, tactics, strategies, and methods influenced the growth of the national civil rights movement. ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the Jackson, Mitchell, and Murphy families and the countless number of African Americans and their white allies throughout Baltimore and Maryland that strove to make “The Free State” live up to its moniker. It is also dedicated to family members who have passed on but left their mark on this work and myself. They are my grandparents, Lucious and Mattie Gass, Barbara Johns Powell, William “Billy” Spencer, and Cynthia L. “Bunny” Jones. This victory is theirs as well. iii Acknowledgements This dissertation has certainly been a long time coming.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland Historical Magazine, 1976, Volume 71, Issue No. 3
    AKfLAND •AZIN Published Quarterly by the Maryland Historical Society FALL 1976 Vol. 71, No. 3 BOARD OF EDITORS JOSEPH L. ARNOLD, University of Maryland, Baltimore County JEAN BAKER, Goucher College GARY BROWNE, Wayne State University JOSEPH W. COX, Towson State College CURTIS CARROLL DAVIS, Baltimore RICHARD R. DUNCAN, Georgetown University RONALD HOFFMAN, University of Maryland, College Park H. H. WALKER LEWIS, Baltimore EDWARD C. PAPENFUSE, Hall of Records BENJAMIN QUARLES, Morgan State College JOHN B. BOLES, Editor, Towson State College NANCY G. BOLES, Assistant Editor RICHARD J. COX, Manuscripts MARY K. MEYER, Genealogy MARY KATHLEEN THOMSEN, Graphics FORMER EDITORS WILLIAM HAND BROWNE, 1906-1909 LOUIS H. DIELMAN, 1910-1937 JAMES W. FOSTER, 1938-1949, 1950-1951 HARRY AMMON, 1950 FRED SHELLEY, 1951-1955 FRANCIS C. HABER 1955-1958 RICHARD WALSH, 1958-1967 RICHARD R. DUNCAN, 1967-1974 P. WILLIAM FILBY, Director ROMAINE S. SOMERVILLE, Assistant Director The Maryland Historical Magazine is published quarterly by the Maryland Historical Society, 201 W. Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. Contributions and correspondence relating to articles, book reviews, and any other editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor in care of the Society. All contributions should be submitted in duplicate, double-spaced, and consistent with the form out- lined in A Manual of Style (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969). The Maryland Historical Society disclaims responsibility for statements made by contributors. Composed and printed at Waverly Press, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21202,. Second-class postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland. © 1976, Maryland Historical Society. 6 0F ^ ^^^f^i"^^lARYLA/ i ^ RECORDS LIBRARY \9T6 00^ 26 HIST NAPOLIS, M^tl^ND Fall 1976 #.
    [Show full text]
  • GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHS File Subject Index
    GENERAL PHOTOGRAPHS File Subject Index A (General) Abeokuta: the Alake of Abram, Morris B.: see A (General) Abruzzi: Duke of Absher, Franklin Roosevelt: see A (General) Adams, C.E.: see A (General) Adams, Charles, Dr. D.F., C.E., Laura Franklin Delano, Gladys, Dorothy Adams, Fred: see A (General) Adams, Frederick B. and Mrs. (Eilen W. Delano) Adams, Frederick B., Jr. Adams, William Adult Education Program Advertisements, Sears: see A (General) Advertising: Exhibits re: bill (1944) against false advertising Advertising: Seagram Distilleries Corporation Agresta, Fred Jr.: see A (General) Agriculture Agriculture: Cotton Production: Mexican Cotton Pickers Agriculture: Department of (photos by) Agriculture: Department of: Weather Bureau Agriculture: Dutchess County Agriculture: Farm Training Program Agriculture: Guayule Cultivation Agriculture: Holmes Foundry Company- Farm Plan, 1933 Agriculture: Land Sale Agriculture: Pig Slaughter Agriculture: Soil Conservation Agriculture: Surplus Commodities (Consumers' Guide) Aircraft (2) Aircraft, 1907- 1914 (2) Aircraft: Presidential Aircraft: World War II: see World War II: Aircraft Airmail Akihito, Crown Prince of Japan: Visit to Hyde Park, NY Akin, David Akiyama, Kunia: see A (General) Alabama Alaska Alaska, Matanuska Valley Albemarle Island Albert, Medora: see A (General) Albright, Catherine Isabelle: see A (General) Albright, Edward (Minister to Finland) Albright, Ethel Marie: see A (General) Albright, Joe Emma: see A (General) Alcantara, Heitormelo: see A (General) Alderson, Wrae: see A (General) Aldine, Charles: see A (General) Aldrich, Richard and Mrs. Margaret Chanler Alexander (son of Charles and Belva Alexander): see A (General) Alexander, John H. Alexitch, Vladimir Joseph Alford, Bradford: see A (General) Allen, Mrs. Idella: see A (General) 2 Allen, Mrs. Mary E.: see A (General) Allen, R.C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Maryland Approach to P3s
    The Maryland Approach to P3s Greater Baltimore Committee Transportation Summit TRB Conference On Surface Transportation Financing July 10, 2014 1 Developing MD’s P3 Legal and Regulatory Framework 2010 P3 Law (Chapters 640 and 641 of 2010) Joint Legislative and Executive Commission on Oversight of P3s (2011) 2013 P3 Law (Chapter 5 of 2013) Executive Order establishing P3 Sub-Cabinet (Summer 2013) MDOT Regulations: COMAR 11.01.17 (Summer/Fall 2013) 2 Existing P3s: Seagirt Terminal Key Terms • In 2010, MPA entered into a 50-year DBFOM with Ports America 2010 Chesapeake for redevelopment of Seagirt. • $105 million project to construct deep berth and cranes completed in 2012, two years ahead of schedule. • $140 million upfront payment, reinvested in shovel-ready transportation projects along I-95 and the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. • Annual payment of $3.2 million, grown at inflation starting in Yr 5. Ongoing Achievements 2013 • Seagirt set 4th consecutive cargo record in 2013, with tonnage growth 3.1% better than 2012. • MPA recently received a USDOT TIGER Grant to bring rail to Fairfield, redevelop Fairfield Ship Basin, and to straighten and widen Seagirt access channel. • The world’s three largest container lines have formed an alliance called the P3; this alliance will bring additional carrier options (Maersk and CMA vessels) to the Port. • Amazon announced that it is building a large distribution center adjacent to Seagirt. 3 Existing P3s: I-95 Travel Plazas January 2014 MD House Ribbon Cutting • In 2012, MDTA entered into a 35-year DBFOM with Areas USA for redevelopment of the two travel plazas on I-95.
    [Show full text]
  • Up Mental Hygiene 330 N. Charles Street Baltimore, Mo
    UP MENTAL HYGIENE 330 N. CHARLES STREET BALTIMORE, MO. Governor of Maryland i'<r';|ir rir^ ir ''^ti|M‘»|i i"1'!11^ nyTr-'iCf^ • IrjjfrZj! \-XW jB^X \ ypgSIffl 1 rT^-i vr i7*st;:ss? ^TpS «iSi| s®? 'T? ^C1-, \l b S l/kfy, T nHfc,ij|/ r^ Jbt* .MAni, »■ **—>— 'a}' ' P^ f fi fw/ r t a'inL* Te*i««Ss5S£ The Mahyland State House, Built 1772 The Annapolis Convention or" 1786, forerunner of the Convention that framed the American Constitution, met in the old Senate Chamber. Three years earlier, in this same room, Washington resigned his commission as Commander-in-Chief of the Cont.nenta'. armies. Here also the Treaty of Peace with Great Britain -vas ratified in 1784. Maryland and Massachusetrf are the only twc states with Capitol buildings dating from before Revolution. The building pictured above is the third on this site. The first, bunt in 1617, was destroyed by fire, and the second, built .n 1704, was -.orn down to make room for the present stru jtnre. Government House Residence of the Governor of Maryland Rebuilt 1936 under the administration of Governor Harry W. Nice 'CO r\ .f <? / 7- 1 tJ -^ C^Cg J_ MARYLAND MANUAL 1938 /I Compendium of Legal, Historical and Statistical Information Relating to the S TATE OF MARYLAND /JT en 5,1., Compiled by E. RAY JONES Secretary of State. 20TH CENTURY PRINTING CO BALTIMORE, MD. INTRODUCTION In this copy of the Maryland Manual, for 1938, will be found much valuable information concerning the State of Maryland, including its Charter and Constitution, and the names of all State and County officials, and members and functions of the several commissions, boards and other governmental agencies which have been created.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: RACE, RELIGION, and CLASS: THE
    ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: RACE, RELIGION, AND CLASS: THE THOUGHT OF REVEREND GEORGE FREEMAN BRAGG, JR., Stanley Jenkins Jr., Master of Arts, March 2019 Thesis Chair: Debra N. Ham, Ph.D. Department of History George Freeman Bragg (1863-1940) was a black Episcopal priest and civil rights activist during the Progressive Era in America. He was also a brilliant yet complicated man whose thoughts and opinions were in tension with one another. Bragg’s writings are not one dimensional and lend themselves to various interpretations. Hence, it is possible to view him as either an accommodationist, a man imbued with a racial consciousness or an unwieldy blend of both. However, much of the available literature on Bragg presents a one-dimensional portrait of him. Celebrating his many civil rights struggles, these portraits ignore the sometimes contradictory and complex nature of his thought. Indeed, Bragg bears witness to historian Wilson J. Moses’s contention that all serious prolonged thinking eventually results in contradiction. Hence, the following thesis will critically examine the writings of Bragg in an effort to flesh out the complex character of his thought. It will also attempt to provide a workable explanation to explain the same. The writings of Bragg were not the only sources used to examine his thought. The works of historians Wilson J. Moses, Kevin K. Gaines, and Evelyn Higginbotham that focused on black elites, racial uplift ideology, and classism were indispensable to this study. Notwithstanding, there were a plethora of primary and secondary sources that undergirded this study and helped to socially contextualize and interrogate Bragg’s complex thought.
    [Show full text]
  • Papers of the Naacp
    A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr., Sharon Harley, and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Part Selected Branch Files, 27 1956-1965 Series A: The South UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr., Sharon Harley, and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Part 27: Selected Branch Files, 1956-1965 Series A: The South Edited by John H. Bracey, Jr., Sharon Harley, and August Meier Project Coordinator Randolph Boehm Guide compiled by Daniel Lewis A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway * Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Papers of the NAACP. [microform] Accompanied by printed reel guides. Contents: pt. 1. Meetings of the Board of Directors, records of annual conferences, major speeches, and special reports, 1909-1950/editorial adviser, August Meier; edited by Mark Fox--pt. 2. Personal correspondence of selected NAACP officials, 1919-1939 --[etc.]--pt. 27. Selected Branch Files, 1956-1965. 1. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People--Archives. 2. Afro-Americans--Civil Rights--History--20th century--Sources. 3. Afro- Americans--History--1877-1964--Sources. 4. United States--Race relations--Sources. I. Meier, August, 1923- . II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Title. E185.61 [Microfilm] 973'.0496073 86-892185 ISBN 1-55655-759-0 (microfilm: pt. 27, series A) Copyright © 2001 by University Publications of America.
    [Show full text]
  • The Thought of George Freeman Bragg a Critical Examination of Tensions Between His Racial Consciousness and Support of Lost Cause Ideology
    The Thought of George Freeman Bragg A Critical Examination of Tensions Between His Racial Consciousness and Support of Lost Cause Ideology By Stanley Jenkins M.A. Student in the Department of History at Morgan State University Jenkins, Stanley. “The Thought of George Freeman Bragg: A Critical Examination of Tensions Between His Racial Consciousness and Support of Lost Cause Ideology.” Center for the Study of Religion and the City - Research. Baltimore, 2019. https://www.religionandcities.org/s/The-Thought-of-George-Freeman- Bragg.pdf Historian Wilson Jeremiah Moses has observed that “all active thinking runs unavoidably into contradiction.”1 If Moses’s observation is correct, then the historian of intellectual history will inevitably find contradictions and tensions in the thoughts of prominent thinkers. This insight characterizes the thought of one of Maryland’s adopted sons, the Reverend George Freeman Bragg, Jr. (1863-1940). As a civil rights activist and rector of the historic St. James Episcopal Church in Baltimore from 1892 to 1940, Bragg wore many hats and was a man of tremendous energy and intellectual ability. Such can be seen in his fondness for the written word as Bragg was both an accomplished historian and journalist. Many of his writings addressed issues related to the richness of African American history and the fight against white supremacy. Such writings suggest that Bragg was imbued with a strong racial consciousness that railed against racism and privileged African American agency. Yet some of Bragg’s writings and public activities appeared 1 Wilson Jeremiah Moses. Creative Conflict in African American Thought: Frederick Douglass, Alexander Crummell, Booker T.
    [Show full text]
  • Lincoln University Herald
    jt Lincoln University Herald. ~ 0 VOL.XIX. LINCOLNUNIVERSIW, PA., DECEMBER,I~I+JANUARY, 1915. No. I. d - Before going to Philadelphia, Dr. Boulden was pastor of churches in West Chester, Pa. ; r in Newark and Milton, Del. e In a private letter, he says: “My success has L, been due to my training in Lincoln University, and I have red,edicated my life to the church of my choice, the Union American M. E., and to my people.’’ -- New Buildings Needed. 1 To meet the demands of the finies and the > growth in numbers of the student body, two additional buildings are greatly needed on the c campus. A Science EIall, with modern equip- f ment, is needed to meet the needs of the Y growing number of students in this depart- V ment and the increased requirements of the 1 medical schools. The present development of the Scientific Department makes the present 1 facilities entirely inadequate. A combined Y. M. C. A. Building and t .Gymnasium has long been needed to supply r a centre for the social and religious activities t of the students, and to provide the means for , healthful exercise and physical recreation, t especially during the winter months. Lincoln , University looks to her generous friends to S Bishop P. A: Boulden, D. D. s~~pplythese needs and to provide the means 1 for further expansion and usefulness. Speaking of the recent election of Rev. P. , A. Boulden, D. D., to the Bishopric of the -- Union American M. E. Church, a Philadclphia Campus Items. paper says: “Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the Adoption of the Maryland Executive Budget Amendment by Richard E
    A History of the Adoption of the Maryland Executive Budget Amendment By Richard E. Israel March 5, 2004 Annapolis, Maryland (This paper will be posted in the near future on the archivesofmaryland.net website of the Maryland State Archives) 1 I. Introduction In 1904 the General Assembly appropriated $1,000 for a tombstone for and a portrait of Governor Thomas G. Pratt whose three-year term as governor expired in 1848 and who died in 1869. The tombstone that marks the former governor’s grave in St. Anne’s Cemetery on College Creek in Annapolis has this singular inscription: “He saved the credit and upheld the honor of this State.” This remarkable tribute in granite honors executive leadership that was instrumental in averting insolvency when the state was unable to repay the money it had borrowed to invest in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and other works of internal improvement in the 1820s and 1830s. One result of this financial crisis was the adoption of the debt clause of the 1851 Constitution which, then and now, limits the legislature’s power to create debt by requiring that bond bills levy a tax for their redemption. In seeking support for the appropriation to honor the memory of Governor Pratt, the chief sponsor, Delegate Edward Goslin of Caroline County, referred to the former governor’s imperishable work which was the cornerstone of the state’s prosperity at the beginning of the twentieth century. However, eight years after making this speech, Mr. Goslin was serving as a member of the Maryland Senate and was warning that history was about to repeat itself.
    [Show full text]