Greece: Geography and Culture
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Evzones: the Historic Presidential Guard of Greece
30 FRIDAY 15 JANUARY 2010 NEWS IN ENGLISH Ï Êüóìïò Evzones: The historic Presidential Guard of Greece The Evzones (Presidential In 1926 a panhellenic Guard) have a history that competition was an- nounced for a design stretches over more than a centu- for a Tomb of the Un- ry. The Presidential Guard was known Soldier. It was to founded on 12 December 1868 be built in front of the as a combatant and at the same main entrance of the Parliament building, time ceremonial force. Gradually facing Syntagma (Con- its role became solely ceremonial, stitution) Square. as can be seen by its changing names: the Palace Guard, the On 9 October 1926 the Ministry for the Flag Guard, the Guard of the Military with ordinance Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, number 219188 award- the Royal Guard and finally, ed the prize to the ar- since 1974 and the restoration of chitect Emmanuel Lazaridis. However the decision to erect democracy in Greece, the the tomb in the afore-mentioned place Presidential Guard. was delayed as it met with many objec- tions and differing opinions. A new com- he barracks where the Presiden- mittee was formed in June of 1928 and tial Guard is based has been in the Cabinet accepted its proposals. In Tthe same place since the force April 1929 work began and the monu- was founded. It is situated close to the ment was completed on March of 1932. present Presidential Man- Its inauguration took place at the time of sion (formerly the Palace) the National Holiday of the same year. -
Geography and Human Development a Study of Ancient Athens 2016.Pdf
http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/ COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES SCHOOL OF ARTS GEOGRAPHY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY OF ANCIENT ATHENS BY DANIEL OCANSEY (10282852) THIS DISSERTATION IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MPHIL CLASSICS DEGREE DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND CLASSICS JULY 2016 http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/ DECLARATION I hereby declare that this work, Geography and Human Development: A Study of Ancient Athens, is the result of my own research undertaken under supervision except for references made to other people’s work, which has been duly referenced and acknowledged. Also, this work has neither in part nor in whole been presented for another degree elsewhere. I thereby bear sole and full responsibility for any shortcomings of this research work. ............................................... Date: ………………... DANIEL OCANSEY (CANDIDATE) We hereby certify that this was supervised in accordance with the procedures laid down by the University of Ghana. ................................................ Date: …………… PROF. RICHARD V. CUDJOE (PRINCIPAL SUPERVISOR) ..................................................... Date: ……………... PROF. EMMANUEL KOFI ACKAH (CO-SUPERVISOR) i http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/ ABSTRACT Two main, often conflicting, approaches or theories have been provided to understand or explain human-geography relationships, namely, geographic determinism and geographic possibilism. Scholars who hold geographic deterministic views argue that geographic conditions, to a larger extent, determine human culture and development. On the other hand, the possibilists argue that humans have the capacity to arise above the dictates of the geographical environment to modify and adapt to geographic conditions for their development. Contextually, the Balkan peninsular, since classical antiquity, has been considered by scholars as a major determinant of Greek, admirable human achievements and development. -
Ancient Greece Geography Slide1
Ancient Greece Learning objective: To find out about the physical geography of Greece. www.planbee.com NEXT If you had to describe to someone where Greece was, what would you say? Think, pair, share your ideas. BACK www.planbee.com NEXT How would you describe where it is now? BACK www.planbee.com NEXT How much do you know about the geography of modern Greece? Can you answer any of these questions? What is the landscape like? How big is Greece? What rivers are there? What is the climate like? Which seas surround it? BACK www.planbee.com NEXT Greece is a country in southern Europe. It is bordered by Turkey, Bulgaria, Macedonia and Albania. It is made up of mainland Greece and lots of smaller islands. There are around 2000 islands altogether, although only 227 of these are inhabited. BACK www.planbee.com NEXT Greece has an area of around 131,940 square kilometres. This is the same as 50,502 square miles. The largest Greek island is Crete with an area of 8260 square kilometres (3190 square miles). Greece has the twelfth longest coastline in the world and the longest overall in Europe. The total length of the Greek coastline is 13,676 km (8498 miles). BACK www.planbee.com NEXT Greece is one of the most mountainous countries in Europe. Around 60% of Greece is covered by mountains. The tallest mountain in Greece is Mount Olympus, which is 2915 metres high. The largest mountain range in Greece is the Pindus range, which forms the backbone of mainland Greece. -
Lesson 1: the Geography of Greece
Name Date Lesson 1 Summary Use with pages 246–251. Lesson 1: The Geography of Greece Vocabulary agora an outdoor marketplace in ancient Greece plunder goods taken during war A Mountainous Land Independent Communities Many ancient civilizations formed near rivers. Geography affected how life in Greece The rivers would overflow in the spring and developed. Uniting the country under one make the soil good for farming. Greece did government was difficult. Ancient Greeks not depend on a river. Greece is a rugged, did share the same language and religion. mountainous land with no great rivers. It does Mountains divided Greece into different not have much good farmland. Greece is regions and kept people apart. Therefore, located in the southeastern corner of Europe. It many independent cities sprang up. Each city is on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula. did things its own way. The climate of Greece Greek-speaking people also lived on islands in is pleasant, and the Greeks had an outdoor the Aegean Sea. The sea separates Greece from way of life. The agora, or outdoor the western edge of Asia. marketplace, was common in cities. The Greeks watched plays in outdoor theaters. A Land Tied to the Sea Political meetings, religious celebrations, Greece is surrounded by the sea on three sides. and sports contests also were held outdoors. The Aegean Sea is to the east. The Ionian Sea is to the west. This sea separates Greece from Two Early Greek Civilizations Italy. The Mediterranean Sea is to the south. It The Minoan civilization was on the island of links Greece with Asia, North Africa, and the Crete, in the Mediterranean Sea. -
Transcript of “The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization” Episode One: “The Birth of Democracy”
Transcript of “The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization” Episode One: “The Birth of Democracy” Transcript of PBS Video - The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization Part 1 – The Birth of Democracy 0:00 – Series Introduction: The Significance of the Greeks The Greeks. A people glorious and arrogant, valiant and headstrong. These were the men and women who laid the very foundations of Western Civilization. Their monuments still recall perhaps the most extraordinary two centuries in history, a time that saw the birth of science and politics, philosophy, literature and drama. [A time that] saw the creation of art and architecture we still strive to equal. And the Greeks achieved all this against a backdrop of war and conflict, for they would vanquish armies, navies, and empires many times their size, and build an empire of their own which stretched across the Mediterranean. For one brief moment, the mighty warships of the Greeks ruled the seas, their prosperity unequalled. These achievements, achievements which still shape our world, were made not by figures lost to time, but by men and women whose voices we can still hear, whose lives we can follow, men such as Themistocles, one of the world’s greatest military generals; Pericles, a politician of vision and genius; and Socrates, the most famous philosopher in history. This is the story of these astonishing individuals, of the rise and fall of a civilization that changed the world. 2:35 – Episode Introduction: The Revolution 508 BC. Five centuries before the birth of Christ. In a town called Athens, a tiny city in mainland Greece, pandemonium ruled the streets. -
Greek Diaspora in an Uncertain World
Greek Diaspora in an uncertain world MIGRATION PROGRAMME Othon ANASTASAKIS & Antonis KAMARAS April 2021 Policy Paper #63/2020 ELIAMEP | Policy Paper #63/2021 Greek Diaspora in an uncertain world Copyright © 2021 | All Rights Reserved HELLENIC FOUNDATION FOR EUROPEAN & FOREIGN POLICY (ELIAMEP) 49 Vasilissis Sofias Ave., 10676, Athens, Greece Tel.: +30 210 7257 110 | Fax: +30 210 7257 114 | www.eliamep.gr | [email protected] ELIAMEP offers a forum for debate on international and European issues. Its non-partisan character supports the right to free and well-documented discourse. ELIAMEP publications aim to contribute to scholarly knowledge and to provide policy relevant analyses. As such, they solely represent the views of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Foundation. A Joint SEESOX-ELIAMEP Research Endeavour Othon ANASTASAKIS Director of South East European Studies at Oxford (SEESOX), Coordinator of the Greek Diaspora Project, University of Oxford Antonis KAMARAS Associate of the Greek Diaspora Project, SEESOX and Research Associate, ELIAMEP Acknowledgement: the authors are thankful for the comments from Foteini Kalantzi (AG. Leventis Researcher at SEESOX) and Manolis Pratsinakis (Onassis Fellow at SEESOX) • Greece’s fiscal crisis has energized its relationship with its diaspora in the last several Summary years, after decades of decline, as well as reshaping the diaspora itself due to the massive crisis-driven migration. • Research institutes as well as individual scholars have addressed key aspects of the diaspora and homeland relationship prior to and during the crisis. South East European Studies at Oxford (SEESOX) established in 2015 the Greek Diaspora Project, a dedicated research unit which has applied the well-established diaspora and development literature to the Greek case, in the crisis and post-crisis years. -
The Rise and Fall of the 5/42 Regiment of Evzones: a Study on National Resistance and Civil War in Greece 1941-1944
The Rise and Fall of the 5/42 Regiment of Evzones: A Study on National Resistance and Civil War in Greece 1941-1944 ARGYRIOS MAMARELIS Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy The European Institute London School of Economics and Political Science 2003 i UMI Number: U613346 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U613346 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 9995 / 0/ -hoZ2 d X Abstract This thesis addresses a neglected dimension of Greece under German and Italian occupation and on the eve of civil war. Its contribution to the historiography of the period stems from the fact that it constitutes the first academic study of the third largest resistance organisation in Greece, the 5/42 regiment of evzones. The study of this national resistance organisation can thus extend our knowledge of the Greek resistance effort, the political relations between the main resistance groups, the conditions that led to the civil war and the domestic relevance of British policies. -
Euboea and Athens
Euboea and Athens Proceedings of a Colloquium in Memory of Malcolm B. Wallace Athens 26-27 June 2009 2011 Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece Publications de l’Institut canadien en Grèce No. 6 © The Canadian Institute in Greece / L’Institut canadien en Grèce 2011 Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Euboea and Athens Colloquium in Memory of Malcolm B. Wallace (2009 : Athens, Greece) Euboea and Athens : proceedings of a colloquium in memory of Malcolm B. Wallace : Athens 26-27 June 2009 / David W. Rupp and Jonathan E. Tomlinson, editors. (Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece = Publications de l'Institut canadien en Grèce ; no. 6) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-9737979-1-6 1. Euboea Island (Greece)--Antiquities. 2. Euboea Island (Greece)--Civilization. 3. Euboea Island (Greece)--History. 4. Athens (Greece)--Antiquities. 5. Athens (Greece)--Civilization. 6. Athens (Greece)--History. I. Wallace, Malcolm B. (Malcolm Barton), 1942-2008 II. Rupp, David W. (David William), 1944- III. Tomlinson, Jonathan E. (Jonathan Edward), 1967- IV. Canadian Institute in Greece V. Title. VI. Series: Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece ; no. 6. DF261.E9E93 2011 938 C2011-903495-6 The Canadian Institute in Greece Dionysiou Aiginitou 7 GR-115 28 Athens, Greece www.cig-icg.gr THOMAS G. PALAIMA Euboea, Athens, Thebes and Kadmos: The Implications of the Linear B References 1 The Linear B documents contain a good number of references to Thebes, and theories about the status of Thebes among Mycenaean centers have been prominent in Mycenological scholarship over the last twenty years.2 Assumptions about the hegemony of Thebes in the Mycenaean palatial period, whether just in central Greece or over a still wider area, are used as the starting point for interpreting references to: a) Athens: There is only one reference to Athens on a possibly early tablet (Knossos V 52) as a toponym a-ta-na = Ἀθήνη in the singular, as in Hom. -
Wanaks and Related Power Terms in Mycenaean and Later Greek
2 WANAKS AND RELATED POWER TERMS IN MYCENAEAN AND LATER GREEK Thomas G Palaima There have been numerous advances in scholarship 1 (since Carlier, Royaute and 2 Palaima 1995 ) affecting the interpretation of the two lexical items (wa-na-ka = later wanaks and qa-si-re-u = later basileus) and related terms (e.g., lawagetas and e-ke-ra 2-wo) associated with the concept 'king' within Greek language and culture. Here I shall deal with them systematically under various subject headings that I hope are more than arbitrary. My main aim is to demonstrate that the most recently proposed etymologies of the term wanaks either confuse the functions of the wanaks within the Mycenaean texts for the essential meaning (and ideologi cal basis) of the word itself or are attractive as explanations for the meaning of the term, but ultimately unconvincing in accounting for its history. I argue that the essential meaning of the wanaks has to do, as in Hittite, with 'birth , begetting and fertility' and then with 'lineage'. 3 I then discuss many aspects of the attested functions of the wanaks in Mycenaean society. THE ETYMOLOGY OF WA-NA-KA, QA-SI-RE-U AND E-KE-RAi-WO: LINEAR B, HITTITE AND HOMER There are no convincing, that is, widely accepted, lndo-European etymologies of the Mycenaean terms wa-na-ka (later Greek civa~) and qa-si-re-u (later Greek I dedicate this paper to the late Kees Ruijgh whose scholarly erudition , integrity , deep human ity and generosity are sorely missed by all of us who still work at the Mycenaean texts that he understood so deeply and explicated so clearly. -
A HISTORY of the PELASGIAN THEORY. FEW Peoples Of
A HISTORY OF THE PELASGIAN THEORY. FEW peoples of the ancient world have given rise to so much controversy as the Pelasgians; and of few, after some centuries of discussion, is so little clearly established. Like the Phoenicians, the Celts, and of recent years the Teutons, they have been a peg upon which to hang all sorts of speculation ; and whenever an inconvenient circumstance has deranged the symmetry of a theory, it has been safe to ' call it Pelasgian and pass on.' One main reason for this ill-repute, into which the Pelasgian name has fallen, has been the very uncritical fashion in which the ancient statements about the Pelasgians have commonly been mishandled. It has been the custom to treat passages from Homer, from Herodotus, from Ephorus, and from Pausanias, as if they were so many interchangeable bricks to build up the speculative edifice; as if it needed no proof that genealogies found sum- marized in Pausanias or Apollodorus ' were taken by them from poems of the same class with the Theogony, or from ancient treatises, or from prevalent opinions ;' as if, further, ' if we find them mentioning the Pelasgian nation, they do at all events belong to an age when that name and people had nothing of the mystery which they bore to the eyes of the later Greeks, for instance of Strabo;' and as though (in the same passage) a statement of Stephanus of Byzantium about Pelasgians in Italy ' were evidence to the same effect, perfectly unexceptionable and as strictly historical as the case will admit of 1 No one doubts, of course, either that popular tradition may transmit, or that late writers may transcribe, statements which come from very early, and even from contemporary sources. -
Greek Cultures, Traditions and People
GREEK CULTURES, TRADITIONS AND PEOPLE Paschalis Nikolaou – Fulbright Fellow Greece ◦ What is ‘culture’? “Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts […] The word "culture" derives from a French term, which in turn derives from the Latin "colere," which means to tend to the earth and Some grow, or cultivation and nurture. […] The term "Western culture" has come to define the culture of European countries as well as those that definitions have been heavily influenced by European immigration, such as the United States […] Western culture has its roots in the Classical Period of …when, to define, is to the Greco-Roman era and the rise of Christianity in the 14th century.” realise connections and significant overlap ◦ What do we mean by ‘tradition’? ◦ 1a: an inherited, established, or customary pattern of thought, action, or behavior (such as a religious practice or a social custom) ◦ b: a belief or story or a body of beliefs or stories relating to the past that are commonly accepted as historical though not verifiable … ◦ 2: the handing down of information, beliefs, and customs by word of mouth or by example from one generation to another without written instruction ◦ 3: cultural continuity in social attitudes, customs, and institutions ◦ 4: characteristic manner, method, or style in the best liberal tradition GREECE: ANCIENT AND MODERN What we consider ancient Greece was one of the main classical The Modern Greek State was founded in 1830, following the civilizations, making important contributions to philosophy, mathematics, revolutionary war against the Ottoman Turks, which started in astronomy, and medicine. -
Greece Transfer Pricing Country Profile Updated May 2018
Greece Transfer Pricing Country Profile Updated May 2018 SUMMARY REFERENCE The Arm’s Length Principle 1 Does your domestic legislation or ☒ Yes Income Tax Code (L.4172/2013, Article 50) regulation make reference to the Arm’s http://elib.aade.gr/elib/view?d=/gr/act/2013/4172 ☐ No Length Principle? / 2 What is the role of the OECD Transfer The provisions of Income Tax Code with regards to Transfer Pricing are applied Pricing Guidelines under your domestic and interpreted consistently with OECD general principles and the OECD Transfer legislation? Pricing Guidelines. The OECD TP Guidelines are also followed during MAPs and APAs procedures. 3 Does your domestic legislation or ☒ Yes Income Tax Code (L.4172/2013, Article 2, regulation provide a definition of ☐ No Section g) related parties? If so, please provide the http://elib.aade.gr/elib/view?d=/gr/act/2013/4172 definition contained under your Section g Article 2 of the Income Tax Code contains the Greek definition of related / domestic law or regulation. parties: ‘Associated person’: any person who participates directly or indirectly in the management, control, or capital of another person with whom they are related or associated. In particular, the following persons are regarded as associated persons: aa) any person who owns directly or indirectly stocks, shares, or shareholding of thirty-three (33) percent or more, by value or by number, or profit rights or voting rights, bb) two or more persons if one person owns directly or indirectly stocks, shares, voting rights or participation in the capital of at least thirty-three (33) percent, by value or by number, or profit rights or voting rights, cc) any person with whom there is a direct or indirect relationship of substantial management dependency or control, or who has or could potentially have a decisive influence on another person, or where both persons have direct or indirect relationship of substantial management dependency or control with a third person or are potentially influenced by such third person.