© Entomologica Fennica. 29.III.1993

Hemiptera of . II. Cydnidae, Thaumastellidae, , Stenocephalidae, , , Rhopalidae, and Pyrrhocoridae

Rauno E. Linnavuori

Linnavuori, R. E. 1993: of Iraq. II. Cydnidae, Thaumastellidae, Pentatomidae, Stenocephalidae, Coreidae, Alydidae, Rhopalidae, and Pyrrho­ coridae. - Entomol. Fennica 4:37- 56. The article contains a list of the known records of the Cydnidae, Thaumastel­ lidae, Pentatomidae, Stenocephalidae, Coreidae, Alydidae, Rhopalidae, and Pyrrhocoridae of Iraq and Kuwait. Notes on the biology and distributional data are also included. New synonymy: Aethus sahlbergi (Reuter) = A. hispidulus (Klug). Lectotype is designated for Aethus sahlbergi (Reuter).

Rauno E. Linnavuori, Somersoja, SF-21220 Raisio 22, Finland

Surprisingly few records have hitherto been pub­ Canthophorus melanopterus (Herrich-Schliffer, lished on the Hemipteran fauna of Iraq and Ku­ 1835) wait. The present paper is primarily based on my Material: Ana, I ex, 25.VI.l966; Rawa, 3 exx, own field work in 1979-1981, when I was 24.VI.l966, in AG. working in the Ministry of Agriculture, Abu Distribution: Holomediterranean. Ghraib, in Iraq. The collection of this institute was also revised. The new detected were published by me separately in 1984. Exosehirus validus (Jakovlev, 1877) N Iraq (Hoberlandt 1961:200). Distribution: Irano-Turanian.

Cydnidae Exosehirus sargon Linnavuori, 1984

Sehirinae Exosehirus sargon Linnavuori 1984:2. Material: Irbil, near Salahuddin, male holotype, 13- 14.VI.l980, Linnavuori, in coli. Linnavuori. Sehirus robustus Horvath, 1895 Distribution: Endemic. Material: Duhok, 1 ex, 12.VIII.l972, Al-Qadi, in AG (=the Plant Protection Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Abu Ghraib, Baghdad). Crocistethus waltlianus (Fieber, 1836) Distribution: Anatolian, known from Turkey Material: Kuysunjag-Irbil, I ex, 12.IV.I980, Linnavuori. and Caucasia. Distribution: Holomediterranean. 38 Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4

Ochetostethus opacus (Scholtz, 1847) Aethus rugosus (Jakovlev, 1874)

Material: near , I ex, 13.V.l980; Shaykh Material: Abu Ghraib, 5 exx, 29.V.l965, 6.VI.l966, Addi, I ex, II.V.l981, Linnavuori. 22.VI.l967, in AG; near Safwan, 2 exx, 25.VI.l980, A revision of the in Kerzhner 1976:33- Linnavuori. 43. Distribution: Irano-Turanian. Distribution: Holomediterranean with a wide range in Central and southern parts of North Europe. Aethus pilosulus (Klug, 1845) Material: Many exx from Abu Ghraib, 6.VI.l956, 15.XI.l965, 1- 8.1X.l966, in AG; Baghdad, IX.1979, IV­ Cydninae VII.1980; AI , 13.VII1.1979; Tharthar lake, 23 .VIII.l979, 2.VI.l980, Linnavuori. Distribution: Holomediterranean. Cydnus aterrimus (Forster, 1771) Material: Mosul, many exx, 28.VIII.l980; AI Qosh, I ex, 25.VIII.I980, Linnavuori. Byrsinocoris nigroscutellatus Montandon, 1900 Distribution: Holomediterranean, extending Material: Arabia: Oman Desert, 1 ex, in coli. Linna­ into Central Europe and the Oriental Region. vuori. Distribution: Eremian; previously known from Amaurocoris curtus (Brulle, 1838) Algeria. The first record from The Arabian Pe­ ninsula. Material: Najaf-Shabakah, 2 exx, 23 .VI.l981, Linna­ vuori. Distribution: Eremian. Macroscytus brunneus (Fabricius, 1803) Material: Numerous exx from Abu Ghraib; Darband, Amaurocoris orbicularis Jakovlev, 1885 24.VIII.1970, J. Abdulla; Duhok, 12.VIII.l972, I. Naser; Mosul, 24.VI.1973, in AG; Baghdad, IV- VII.1980; Material: Nukhayb, 5 exx, 2.V.I980; Nukhayb- km Sarsang, 26-28.VIII.l980, Linnavuori. 160, I ex, 3.V.l980; Ukhaydir-Nukhayb, I ex, 2.V.I980, Linnavuori. Distribution: Widely distributed within the Holomediterranean subregion and the Oriental Distribution: Eremian. and Ethiopian Regions. Recorded from Iraq (Stichel1962:775). Aethus hispidulus (Klug, 1845) Cydnus hispidulus Klug 1845:43. Geotomus elongatus (Herrich-Schaffer, 1840) Aethus hispidulus Signoret 1881:431. Aethus setosus Walker 1867:39 (Linnavuori 1993:75). Material: Arbil, I ex, 21.1.1968, J. Sultan, in AG. Cydnus sahlbergi Reuter 1900:222, syn. n. Distribution: Holomediterranean, extending Types: Iraq, Euphrates, male lectotype of setosus, into Central Europe, the Middle East and designated by Linnavuori, in the British Museum; , Turkestan. Corfu, female syntype of sahlbergi, here designated as the lectotype, U. Sahlberg, in Mus. St. Petersburg. Geotomus pygmaeus (Dallas, 1851) of the species will be treated by me elsewhere (Linnavuori 1993). An examina­ Material: Numerous exx from Abu Ghraib, 30.V.I953, tion of a syntype of Cydnus sahlbergi Reuter in 5.XI.l965, 15.1X.l966, 8.VII and 28.X.1967, in AG; Ain Mus. St. Petersburg revealed that the species is a al Tamar, 17.VII.1980; Amara, 23- 24.X.1979; Samawa, synonym of A. hispidulus. 21.X.1979, Linnavuori. Distribution: Apparently Pontomediterranean, Distribution: The Oriental Region, extending recorded from Greece, , Syria, Israel, into Iraq, the eastern parts of and Egypt, Arabia, and Iraq. the Valley in Israel. ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4 • Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. 39

Geotomus intrusus Wagner, 1953 Material: Abu Ghraib, 1 ex, 8.IV.1958; S. Rashed; Diwaniya, I ex, ll.IX.l954, S. Alyasiri, in AG. Material: Abu Ghraib, several exx, 30.III.l953, 6.VI.1956, in AG; Baghdad, 3 exx, IV- VIII.l980, Lin­ Description in Linnavuori 1984:3-4. navuori. Biology: On Chenopodiaceae halophytes in Distribution: Eremian. saline habitats. Distribution: Endemic.

Thaumastellidae Odontotarsus robustus Jakovlev, 1883 Material: several exx from Aqra, 12.V.l981; AI Qosh, Thaumastella aradoides Horvath, 1896 IO.V.l981; Sawarah Tuka, 28.VIII.l980, Linnavuori. Material: Baghdad, 2 exx, IX.l979, Linnavuori; also Biology: Swept from vegetation in hilly recorded from Baghdad in Seidenstticker (1964:274). steppes. Distribution: Holomediterranean. Distribution: Eremian.

Odontotarsus rufescens Fieber, 1861 Pentatomidae Recorded from Shaqlawa (Hoberlandt 1953: 378). Scutellerinae Distribution: Pontomediterranean.

Odontoscelis litura (Fabricius, 1775) Odontotarsus purpureolineatus (Rossi, 1790) Material: AI Qosh, <:J neotypus, <:J paraneotypus, des­ ignated by Gi:illner-Scheiding, 10.V.l981, Linnavuori, in Material: Aqra, 2 exx, 12.V.l981; AI Qosh, 2 exx, coli. Linnavuori. 10.V.l981; Sawarah Tuka, 1 ex, 28.VIII.l980; Zawita, 1 ex, 26.VII1.1980; Linnavuori; Bismi1, 2 exx, 31.VII.l963, GOllner-Scheiding ( 1986) published a revision Y. Baysed. of the genus Odontoscelis Laporte de Castelnau Biology: On vegetation in hilly steppes of and proved that 0. litura is a valid species and northern Iraq. not a form of 0. fuliginosa as previously as­ Distribution: Holomediterranean. sumed. Biology: The specimens were found on ground among vegetation in a brook valley at the Odontotarsus impictus Jakovlev, 1886 foot of a hill. Recorded from Shaqlawa (Hoberlandt 1953: Distribution: Syrio-Anatolian. Recorded from 378). Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Cyprus and Turkey. Distribution: Irano-Turanian.

Odontoscelis dorsalis (Fabricius, 1803) Odontotarsus armiger Kiritshenko, 1914 Material: near Bawa Nur, 1 ex, IO.VI.1980; AI Qosh, Material: AI Hadr, 2 exx, 6-7.V.l981; AI Qosh, 1 ex, I ex, IO.V.1981; As Salman-Shabakah, several exx, 25.VIII.l980; Khan Ruhabah, 1 ex, 6.1V.1981 ; Shaykh 4.IV.l981; Waqisah, several exx, 10.1V.l981, Linnavuori. Addy, I exx, 11.V.l981, Linnavuori. Biology: On ground among vegetation m Biology: In steppes of northern Iraq. sandy habitats. Distribution: Irano-Turanian. Known from the Distribution: Holomediterranean. Sinai Peninsula, Jordan and Turkestan.

Alphocoris halophilus Linnavuori, 1984 Odontotarsus angustatus Jakovlev, 1883 Types: Tharthar Lake, <:J holotype, several paratypes, Material: Darbandikhan, 1 ex, 21.V.l980; Sawarah 20.X.l980; AI Hillah, 1 paratype, 2l.IX.1979; Saw a Lake, Tuka, 1 ex, 28.VIII.1980, Linnavuori; Jamjamal, 1 ex, 2 paratypes, 19.1V.1980, Linnavuori, in coli. Linnavuori. 21.V.I980, R. T. Kasnaw. 40 Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4

Previously recorded from Bishapur (Haber­ Taxonomy treated in Linnavuori 1986:51-52. landt 1949:2). Biology: In saline habitats on Anabasis Biology: In steppes of northern Iraq. articulata, Suaeda vermiculata and Zygophyllum. Distribution: Irano-Turanian, recorded from Hibernating specimens on Lycium barbarum. Iraq, Iran and Turkestan. Distribution: Eastern parts of the Eremian subregion. Recorded from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Psacasta cypria Puton, 1881 Syria, Iraq, Kuwait, and Central Asia.

Material: Qora, 1 ex, 12.VI.l980, Linnavuori . Tshingisella bella Kiritshenko, 1913 Taxonomy treated in Seidenstiicker 1975: 265-266. Material: Bawa Nur, I ex, 10.VI.l980; Shaykh Addy, Biology: Swept from vegetation in a steppe I ex, 11. V .1981, Linnavuori. in northern Iraq. Biology: Swept from vegetation in hilly Distribution: Anatolian, recorded from Cy­ steppes in northern Iraq. prus, Turkey and Iraq (Seidenstiicker 1975:265- Distribution: Irano-Turanian, recorded from 266). Turkey, Syria and Central Asia.

Eurygaster integriceps Puton, 1881 Leprosoma inconspicuum Baerensprung, 1859

Material: Numerous exx from Gali Ali Beg, Material: near Salahuddin, 1 ex, 12.VI.1980, Linnavuori. 13.VI.l980; Shaykh Addy, ll.V.l981; Linnavuori; Abu Biology: Swept from vegetation in a hilly Ghraib, 2.VIII.1954, A. Mahmood; El Abbasiye, steppe in northern Iraq. 29.III.l944, Y. Fethi; Biyara, 19.III.l944, Y. Yousuf; Dekon, 29.V.l951, A. Meymarian; , Distribution: Holomediterranean. ll.V.1951 , Abiel, in AG. Biology: In steppes and fields in northern and Ventocoris horvathi (Puton, 1896) central Iraq. Material: AI Qosh, 1 ex, 10.V.1981, Linnavuori. Distribution: Pontomediterranean. Recorded from Shaqlawa (Hoberlandt 1953 : 378). Biology: Swept from vegetation in a hilly Podopinae steppe. Distribution: Syria-Anatolian, recorded from Tarisa camelus Reuter, 1901 Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran.

Material: Sawa Lake, I ex, 2l.X.1979, Linnavuori. Ventocoris obesus (SttU, 1865) Biology: On Anabasis articulata in a saline sandy habitat. Material: Khan Ruhabah, 1 ex, 6.IV.l981; Najaf­ Distribution: Eremian, recorded from Algeria, Shabakah, 1 ex, 23.VI.l981, Linnavuori. Egypt, Israel and Saudi Arabia. Biology: On Zilla spinosa. Distribution: Eremian, known from Algeria, Egypt, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. Tarisa subspinosa (Germar, 1839)

Material: Numerous exx from Ain AI Tamar-, Ventocoris achivus (Horvath, 1889) 20.1V.l980; Amara, 23-24.X.l979; Ana, IO.IV.1981; Ana­ A! Qaim, 5.V.l980; Busayah-As Salman, 2.IV.l981; Hilla, Material: AI Qosh, 2 exx, 25.VIII.1980, Linnavuori. 2l.IX.l979; Kerbala-Ain AI Tamar, 20.X.l979; Khan Taxonomy treated in Josifov 1969:67-72. Ruhabah, 6.1V.1981; Rashidiya, 8.VI.1981; Rawah-Al Hadr, 6.V.1981 ; Nasiriyah-Abu Ghar, 15.1V.1980; Razazah Biology: Swept from vegetation in a hilly Lake, 6.VI.l981; As Salman-Samawa, 6.III.1980; Sawa steppe in northern Iraq. Lake, 21.X.I979; That1har Lake, 20.VIII.1979, Linnavuori. Distribution: Pontomediterranean. ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4 • Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. 41

Ventocoris modestus (Jakovlev, 1880) Distribution: Syrio-Anatolian, recorded from Turkey, Syria, Iraq (Seidenstiicker 1975:267), Material: Khan Ruhabah, I ex, 24.VI.l981, Linnavuori. and Iran. Biology: From vegetation in a sandy habitat. Distribution: Eremian. Ancyrosoma leucogrammes (Gmelin, 1789) Mecidea pallidissima Jensen-Haarup, 1922 Material: many exx from Darbandikhan, 13.V.I980; Dukan, 12. VI.I980; Penjwin, II . VI.I980; AI Qosh, Material: Baghdad, I ex, VI- VII.I980; Nukhaib, I ex, IO.V.l981; Rashidiyah, 8.VI.1981; Salahuddin, 13- 2.V.I980, Linnavuori. 14.VI.I980; Sawarah Tuka, 28.VIII.1 980; Zawita, Biology: On grasses in sandy habitats. 26.VIII.I980; Sinjar, 7.V.I980; Sulaf, 27.VIII.1980, Distribution: Eremian, distributed from West Linnavuori; Abu Ghraib, 29.III. l955, I. Kheiri; Khanken, 3.IV.l958, collector unknown; Khorsabad, 10.VI.l944, A. Africa to India. Meymarian, in AG. Biology: Common on vegetation in steppes Mecidea lindbergi Wagner, 1954 and gardens. · Material: Sinoni N of Sinjar, I ex, 8-9.VI.l981; Distribution: Holomediterranean; recorded Waqisah, I ex, 5.IV.l980, Linnavuori. from Iraq (Stichel1961:740). Biology: On grasses in sandy habitats. Distribution: Eremian, distributed from the Tholagmus enkidu Linnavuori, 1984 Cape Verde Islands to Iran. Recorded from Iraq by Stichel (1961:742). Material: Mosul, d' holotype and 1 9 paratype, 26.VII.l967, J. Alani; AI Qosh, I paratype, IO.VI.1981; Shayk Addi, I paratype, ll.V.I981 , Linnavuori, in coli. Mustha spinulosa (Lefebvre, 1831) Linnavuori. Material: Dukan, 1 ex, 12.VI.1980; Salahuddin, I ex, Revision of the genus Tholagmus St~U in 13-14.VI.1980; Sarsang, I ex, 26-28.VIII.1980; Sulaf, I Linnavuori 1984:4- 7. ex, 27.VIII.I980, Linnavuori; Amadiah, I ex, 25.VII.l959, collector unknown; North Iraq, 2 exx, 23.VI.l965 and Biology: In hilly steppes in NE Iraq. Shaqlawa, ll.VI.1940, A. Meymarian in AG. Distribution: Endemic. Biology: On deciduous trees and shrubs such as Quercus in forests of NE Iraq. semipunctatum (Fabricius, 1775) Distribution: Pontomediterranean; recorded from Iraq in Stichel1961:743. Material: Amadia, 3 exx, 2l.VI.1968, Salih, in AG. Distribution: Holomediterranean, extending Apodiphus amygdali (Germar, 1817) into Central Europe, Central Asia and Afghani­ stan. Material: Many exx from Baghdad, 23.IX. 1979, V­ VI.I981; Sulaf, 27.VII.l980; Zawita, 26.VIII.l980, Linnavuori; Aqrah, 24.VII.l968, J. Abdulla; Baghdad, italicum (Muller, 1766) 22.VIII.l965, l.VIII.l969, A. Isa, M. Younis; Bakrajo, 4.VII.I972, A. Droity; Deken, 6.VIII.l951, A. Meymarian; Material: Sulaf, several exx, 27.VIII.l980, Linnavuori. Dora, 12.VII.l972, R. Alkhadil; Jadriye, 13 .V.l944, M. Mubarek; Mosul, 13.II.l968; J. Abdulla; Shaqlawa, Biology: On Umbelliferae in a hilly steppe. 15.VIII.l946, R. Hafidh; Tilgara, Arbil, 18.VI.l943, A. Distribution: Holomediterranean with a wide Meymarian; Zakho, 4.X.l961, collector unknown, in AG. range into Central Europe and Central Asia. Hinaidi near Baghdad (China 1938:428). Biology: On deciduous trees and bushes in gardens and forests . In Iraq found on apple, apri­ Graphosoma stali Horvath, 1881 cot, mulberry, and plum. Material: Cony-Masy, I ex, 26.VI.I975, Irwad; Duhok, Distribution: Pontomediterranean; recorded 3 exx, 26.V.l965, collector unknown, in AG. from Iraq in Stichel1961:743. 42 Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4

Fig. 1. Phricodus bessaci Villiers (macropterous male from Zubar). a: dorsal view; b: antenna; c--e: genital segment in dorsal, ventral and lateral view (st =style).

Phricodus bessaci Villiers, 1959 Biology: On Labiatae, such as Thymus, in dry Fig. 1 habitats. Distribution: Holomediterranean, extending Material: Zubar, I ex, 14.IV.l980, Linnavuori. as far as Iran and Turkestan in the East. Biology: In Saudi Arabia found on Helio­ tropium pterocarpum. Distribution: Erernian, previously known from Sciocoris safavii Hoberlandt, 1959 Senegal, Mauretania and Saudi Arabia (Linna­ vuori 1986:55). Mosul (Wagner 1965:128). Distribution: Iranian, originally described from Iran. Sciocoris ochraceus Fieber, 1861 Material: Abu Ghraib, I ex (det. Remane), l7.VI.l958, S. Rashed, in AG. Sciocoris capitatus Jakovlev, 1881 Distribution: Syrio-Anatolian. Material: Kuysanjag-lrbil, 2 exx, 12.VI.l980; Qora, I ex, l6.XI.l979, Linnavuori. Sciocoris helferi Fieber, 1852 Biology: On Labiatae in hilly steppes. Material: Darbandikhan, 3 exx, 13.V.l980; Dukan, lex, Distribution: Irano-Turanian, recorded from l2.VI.l980; Khan Ruhabah, I ex, 24.VI.l 981, Linnavuori. Iran and Turkestan. ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4 • Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. 43

Sciocoris sahlbergi Wagner, 1952 Aelia satunini Kiritshenko, 1929 Fig. 2a-c Material: -Ain AI Tamar, 3 exx, 20.IV.l980; As Salman-Takhadid, 2 exx, 17.IV.I980, Linnavuori. Material: USSR, Aralych, Prov. Erivan, I(] paratype, Biology: On Labiatae in desert habitats. II.V.I911, K. Satunin, in Mus. St. Petersburg. Distribution: Erernian, known from Egypt, Diagnosis: Distinguished from the related the Sudan, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. species by the immaculate legs (under surfaces of femora of the related species ornamented with a pair of dark subapical spots). Dyroderes umbraculatus (Fabricius, 1775) Description: Resembling A. turanica but smaller, length 7.5 mm (in turanica 8.0-9.5 mm). Material: Sulaf, I ex, 27.VIII.l980, Linnavuori. Legs immaculate. - Small, body somewhat Biology: On vegetation in dry hilly steppes. broader and more convex than in the related Distribution: Holomediterranean, easternmost species. Head as broad as long, 0.6 x as broad as records from Turkey and Israel. basal width of pronotum, strongly sloping ventrad; ocular index 5.6. Under surface of head in lateral view with a shallow insinuation between Aelia Fabricius, 1803 the bluntly prominent apex of gena and buccula, the latter broadening caudad. Proportions between Taxonomy of the genus has been treated by antenna! joints 9:12:14:21:26 (diatone 53, basal China & Lodos 1960 and Brown 1962. width of pronotum 90 units). Pronotum twice as broad as long in middle, puncturing a little sparser than in turanica. Scutellum 1.17 x as long as Aelia acuminata (Linnaeus, 1758) broad, somewhat broader than in the related Material: Darbandikhan, I ex, 13.V.I980; AI Hadr, I species. Vein along claval suture on corium not ex, 6- 7.V.I981; Rashidi yah, 3 exx, 8.VI.I981, Linnavuori; elevated, less distinctly marked than in turanica. Abu Ghraib, numerous exx, 8.IV.1958, 9.VII.I958, S. - Male genitalia: Pygofer (Fig. 2c) as in A. Rashed, H. Abid, in AG. turanica but ventral margin in ventral view a Biology: On grasses in steppes and fields. little more strongly insinuated. Distribution: Euro-Siberian. Distribution: Apparently Caspian. Also re­ corded from Turkey and Iraq (Shaqlawa, Rober­ landt 1953:378). Aelia glebana Ferrari, 1874

Material: Korasinnik, 2 exx, 6.VI.I944, A. Meymarian; Sinjar, 4 exx, 28.VI.I954, D. Ahmed, in AG. Aelia syriaca Horvath, 1903 Distribution: Holomediterranean with a wide Recorded from Amadiya, Korasinnik, Mosul, range into Central Europe and Iran. Recorded Sinjar, and Tel Kaif (Brown 1962: 140). from Iraq in China & Lodos 1960:588. Distribution: Syrio-Anatolian, also known from Syria and Turkey. Aelia turanica Horvath, 1895

Material: Salahuddin, I ex, 13-14.VI.I980; Sawarah Aelia albovittata Fieber, 1868 Tuka, 4 exx, 28.VIII.I980, Linnavuori. Pygofer in Fig. 2d. Material: Kani Massi, I ex, 28.VI.I975, Rustam, in AG; Sarsang, I ex, 26-28.VII1.1980, Linnavuori. Biology: On grasses in hilly steppes. Distribution: Irano-Turanian, recorded from Biology: On grasses in a hilly steppe. Turkey, Iraq, Turkmenia, and Turkestan (Stichel Distribution: Syrio-Anatolian, recorded from 1961:748). Syria and Turkey. 44 Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4

Fig . 2. Aelia satunini Kiritshenko. a-b: male head in dorsal and in lateral view; c: pygofer, caudal view. - A. turanica Horvath (ex from Sawara Tuka). d: pygofer, caudal view.- Holcostethus vernalis (Wolff) (ex from Raisio, Fin­ land). e: style; f: pygofer, ventral view. - H. strictus (Fabricius). g: pygofer, ventral view; h-i: style (exx from Rashidiya and Qora).- H. congenitus Puchkov (ex from Sinoni). j: paratergites; k-1: pygofer in ventral and in caudolateral view; m: style.

Aeliomotpha sheanensis Linnavuori, 1965 Eysarcoris ventralis (Westwood, 1837)

Material: Samawah, 5 exx, 21.X.l979, Linnavuori. Material: Numerous exx from Aqrah, 29.VIII.I980; Biology: On Cyperaceae in a moist place in a Baghdad, VI-VII.I980; , II. VI.l980; AI Kabaish, garden. 27-28.Vl.l980; Karbala-Ain AI Tamar, 20.X.I979; Mosul, 28. VIII. l980; Muhammadi, 8.X. l 979; Penjwin, Distribution: Previously known only from II.VI.l980; Rashidiyah, 8.VI.l981; Sinjar, 14.XI.1979; Israel. Tharthar Lake, 25.VIII.l979, Linnavuori; Ana, 23.II.l955; Abu Ghraib, 6.VI.l955, Mounit; Basra, 25-29.VI.l980, Neottiglossa bifida (Costa, 1847) Haifa'a M.Jalal, in AG. Material: Aqrah, I ex, 12.V.l981; Brozah, I ex, Biology: On vegetation in gardens, fields and 15.V.I981, Linnavuori. fresh meadows. Biology: Swept from grasses in hilly steppes. Distribution: Holomediterranean extending Distribution: Holomediterranean. into the Ethiopian and Oriental Regions. ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4 • Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. 45

Stagonomus amoenus (Brulle, 1832) Holcostethus vernalis (Wolff, 1804)

Material: AI Qosh, I ex, IO.V.I981, Linnavuori. Material: recorded from Baghdad (China 1934:429) Biology: Swept from Labiatae in a hilly steppe. and Shaqlawa (Hoberlandt 1953:380). Distribution: Holomediterranean, recorded Pygofer and style illustrated in Fig. 2e-f. from Iraq (Stichel1961:750). Distribution: Euro-Siberian.

Stagonomus bipunctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Holcostethus strictus (Fabricius, 1803) Material: Zafatakia, I ex, l.IX.I956, Ghalib, in coli. Linnavuori. Material: near Penjwin, I ex , II.VI.I980; Qora, 4 exx, 16.XI.l979; Rashidiyah, 3 exx, 8.VI.1981; near Sawarah Distribution: Holomediterranean. Tuka, l ex, 28.VIII.I980; Sulaf, t ex, 27.VIII.1980, Linnavuori. Stagonomus devius Seidenstiicker, 1965 Pygofer and style in Fig. 2g-i. Material: AI Qosh, 2 exx, I O.V.I981, Linnvuori. Biology: On herbs in mountain steppes and gardens. Biology: Swept from herbs in a hilly steppe. Distribution: Holomediterranean. Distribution: Syrio-Anatolian, recorded from Turkey, Israel. Holcostethus congenitus Puchkov, 1965

Gomphocranum christophi Jakov1ev, 1877 Material: near Darbandikhan, 1 ex, 13.V.t980; Khorsabad, I ex, 15.XI.1979; Sinoni, t ex, 9.V.I981, Material: AI Qosh, 3 exx, IO.V.I981, Linnavuori. Linnavuori. Taxonomy of the genus Gomphocranum Jakovlev treated in Linnavuori 1984:7-9. Pattern of connexivum in Fig. 2j. Pygofer Biology: Like the other species on shrubs on and style in Figs. 2k-m, 3a. slopes of mountain valleys. Biology: On herbs in hilly steppes. At Distribution: Iranian, previously recorded Khorsabad found on Olea. from Iran and Israel. Distribution: lrano-Turanian.

Gomphocranum adad Linnavuori, 1984 Palomena mursili Linnavuori, 1984 Material: near Penjwin, d' holotype, ll.VI.1980, Material: Sulaf, d' holotype and several paratypes, Linnavuori. 27 .VIII.l980, Linnavuori. Biology: On Capparis on a stony slope of a Description in Linnavuori 1984:9-10. mountain valley. Biology: On deciduous trees in a dense wood Distribution: Endemic. in valley of a mountain brook. Distribution: Iranian; also known from Iran. Gomphocranum anu Linnavuori, 1984 Material: AI Qosh, d' holotype, I paratype, 17.XI.l979, Agatharchus tritaenia Horvath, 1897 I para type, 24. Vill.l980; near Aqra, I para type, 29. VIII.I980, Figs. 3b-g, 4 Linnavuori. Biology: On shrubs on slopes of mountain Material: Darbandikhan, 2 exx, 10.VI.1979, Rustam, AG. valleys. Distribution: Endemic. Distribution: Iranian, previously known from Iran and Turkey. Staria lunata (Hahn, 1835) Material: Shaykh Addi, 1 ex, 15.XI.1979, Linnavuori. Carpocoris coreanus Distant, 1899

Biology: On Labiatae in a dry hilly steppe. Material: Many exx from Abu Ghraib, 28.III.l954, J. Distribution: Holomediterranean. Mohammad; near Aqrah, 12. V .1981; near Brozah, 46 Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4

Fig . 3. Ho/costethus congenitus Puchkov (ex from Khorsabad) . a: style. - Agatharchus tritaenia Horvath. b: metapleuron; c-d: pygofer in ventral and in lateral view; e: style; f: aedeagus in lateral view (paired basal lobes 1- 3 indicated with numbers); g: spermatheca.

13.V.l981; Darbandikhan, 13.V.l980; AI Hadr, 6.V.l981, 24.III.l957, in AG; Top Zawe, 1 ex, 29.III. 1944, H. A. Linnavuori; Kony Masy, 24.VI.l975, in AG; Ar Rutbah­ Hamid. Qaim, 9.IV. l981; AI Qosh, 10.V.l98 1, Linnavuori; Shaqlawa, 15.VI.l976, Rustam. Biology: On herbs in steppes and fields. Biology: On herbs in steppes. Distribution: Holomediterranean; recorded Distribution: Irano-Turanian, spread from the from Mosul, Iraq (Tamanini 1958:378). Sinai Peninsula and Israel to Turkmenia; also known from Korea. varia (Fabricius, 1787)

Carpocoris mediterraneus mediterraneus Material: near Brozah, 2 exx, 13.V. l98 1; Sarsang, I Tamanini, 1958 ex , 26-28.VIII. l 980; Su1 af, 3 exx, 27.VIII. l 980, Material: Rabea, 1 ex, 22.IV.l968, F. Matti. Linnavuori; Bashika, 1 ex, 24.1II.l957, in AG; Kony Masy, I ex, 26.VI.l975, J. Abdulla; Top Zawe, 1 ex, 29.III.l944, Distribution: Pontomediterranean; recorded H. Hamid, in AG. from Iraq (Tamanini 1958:369). Biology: On herbaceous plants such as Compositae and Umbelliferae in steppes and (Poda, 1761) fields. Material: AI Qosh, 3 exx, 10.V.l981 , Linnavuori; Distribution: Holomediterranean, also re­ Amadia, 1 ex, 21.VI.l958, Salih; Bashika Tel Kaif, I ex, corded from Iraq (Stichel1961:754). ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4 • Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. 47

Central Asia; recorded from Iraq (Stichel 1961 : 755).

Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) Material: Numerous exx from Darbandikhan, 13.V.l981; Jebel Sinjar, 18.V.l981; Qora, 16.XI.l979; AI Qosh, IO.VI.l981; Zawita, 15.XI.l979; Shayk Addi, ll.V.l981; Sawarah Tuka, 28.VIII.l980, Linnavuori; Amadiah, 2 1.VI.l958, AG; Bakrajo, 28.V.l951, A. Meymarian; Basheka, 6.IV.l951, F. Younis; Deshlt Mir, 3.VI.l944, A. Meymarian; Karbala, IO.IV.l956, AG; Khorsabad, IO.VI.l984 and Korasinnik, 6.VI.1944, A. Meymarian; Mosul, 24.IV .1965, AG; Neneva, 22.IV .1955, F. Younis; Shaklawa, 30.V.l965, AG; Shura, 28.1V.l958, M. Alrawi; Top Zawe, 29.III.l944, H. Hamid; Zubeer, 23.XII.l963, AG. Biology: On shrubs and herbs in gardens, fields and steppes. Distribution: Euro-Siberian.

Chroantha ornatula (Herrich-Schaffer, 1842)

Material: Many exx from , IO.IV.l981; Anah-Al Qaim, 9.X.l979; Basrah, 12.1V.l980; AI Hadr, 6-7.V.l981; AI Hillah, 2l.IX.l979; Karbala-Ain AI Tamar, 20.X.l979; 50 km S Kirkuk, 8.XI.l979; Nasiriyah-Abu Ghar, 15.IV.l980; Nukhayb, 2.V.l980; Nukhayb-km 160; 3.V.l980; As Salman, 3.1V.l981; Sawa lake, 2l.X.l979; Tharthar lake, 23.VIII.l979, Linnavuori; Abu Ghraib, 8.VII.i967, AG; Samara, 17.III.l958, M. Younis; Zubair, 8.V.l958, M. Younis. Biology: On Chenopodiaceae such as Suaeda and Atriplex in saline habitats. Distribution: Holomediterranean; recorded from Iraq (Stichel 1961 :756).

Fig. 4. Agatharchus tritaenia Horvath. Brachynema germari (Kolenati, 1846) Material: Abu Ghraib, 3 exx, ll.V.l958, A. Mey­ marian; Anah, I ex, IO.IV.l981; Najaf-Shabakah, 1 ex, 23.VI.l981; Rutbah-Al Qaim, I ex, 4.V.l980; Tharthar Antheminia pusio (Kolenati, 1846) lake, 3 exx, 20.X.l980, Linnavuori. Iraq (Stichel1961 :755); Bishapur (Hoberlandt Biology: On Chenopodiaceae in saline habi­ 1949:2). tats. Distribution: Caspian. Distribution: Holomediterranean.

Antheminia lunulata (Goeze, 1778) Brachynema cinctum (Fabricius, 1775) Material: Duhok, several exx, 26.VII.l961, M. Younis, inAG. Material: AI Kabaish, 1 ex, 27-28.VI.l980; Karbala­ Ain Al Tamar, I ex, 20.X.l979; Razazalake, 3 exx, 7.ill.l980; Distribution: Holomediterranean with a wide Sawa lake, 6 exx, 2l.X.l979, 4.III and 19.IV.l980, range in Central Europe, the Middle East and Linnavuori. 48 Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4

Biology: On Chenopodiaceae in saline habitats. Like the preceding species very variable in Distribution: Holomediterranean. colouring. Genitalia illustrated in Linnavuori 1986:62-63. Biology: The specimens were found on Holcogaster exilis Horvath, 1903 Zizyphus. Generally found on desert halophytes Material: Sarsang, ex, 28.VIII.l980, Linnavuori. such as Zygophyllum. Distribution: Eastern parts of the Eremian Biology: On . subregion, known from Egypt, The Sudan, Distribution: Holomediterranean. Yemen, and Israel.

Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister, 1835) Bagrada monticola Horvath, 1936 Material: Many exx from Anah-Al Qaim, 9.X.l979; Fig. Sa Busayah-As Salman, 2.IV.1981; Dawrah, 15.IX.l979; AI Haditha, 13.VIII.1979; Khan Ruhabah, 6.IV.I981; Najaf­ Material: Dzegamega, I Q syntype, Babadjanides, in Shabakah, 23.VI.l981; Nukhayb- km 160, 8.IV.I981, Mus. Budapest. Linnavuori; Basrah, 4.II.1966, J. Al-Awi; Khan Mubawil, Diagnosis: Resembling B. abeillei with the l.VI.1945, A. Meymarian; Sawaira, 20.VII.I966, AG. following differences: Body more broadly ovate Biology: Very abundant on Capparis often and more convex. Pronotum less strongly broad­ damaging leaves. ening caudad, lateral margins slightly curved, Distribution: Sudano-Deccanian with a wide humeral angles much blunter. Apex of scutellum range within the Sudanese and Eremian broader. Costal margins of elytra more strongly subregions and in the Oriental region. curvate; pale basal spot on lateral margin of mesocorium very reduced. Description: Length 5.5 mm. Pale yellow with Bagrada abeillei Puton, 1881 orangish tinge. Apex of tylus, apices of genae Bagrada abeillei Puton 1881:121. and base of vertex, black. Eyes reddish brown. Bagrada persica Horvath 1936:39 (Linnavuori 1986:61) Antennae black. Pronotum with two large black Bagrada lepida Horvath 1936:41 (Linnavuori 1986:61) spots on disk, anterolateral angles black, anterior Bagrada cicur Horvath 1936:42 (Linnavuori 1986:61) Bagrada pallens Kiritshenko 1966:80 I (Linnavuori margin and middle of lateral margins pale yellow, 1986:62) rest of pronotum orangish. Scutellum orangish with large black middle spot, lateral margins Material: Abu Ghraib, I ex, I ex, 29.IV.l961, H. Hydery, in AG; near Aqra, several exx, 29.Vill.l980; near Penjwin, I subapically embrowned. Elytra black, exocorium ex, li.VI.1980; AI Qosh, many exx, 25.Vill.l980, IO.V.l981; pale ochraceous, apical transverse spot on near Sinjar, I ex, 7.V.1981, Linnavuori. mesocorium orange, basal pale spot very reduced, dark yellow-brown; membrane dark brown. A very variable species in colouring. Genita­ Paratergites with distinct black spots. Under sur­ lia illustrated in Linnavuori 1986:62- 63. face pale, venter with black longitudinal band on Biology: In steppes in NE Iraq. each side; parasternites orangish with triangular Distribution: Apparently Anatolian with a wide black spots. Legs dark yellowish brown, femora range into Syria, Iran and Central Asia. Recorded with black pattern. - Body short and broad, 1.6 (as persica) from Iraq (Stichel1961 :758). x as long as broad at base of pronotum, broadly ovate. Head 1.53 x as broad as long, 0.53 x as Bagrada amoenula (Walker, 1870) broad as pronotum; vertex finely punctate, apical part of head ± transversely wrinkled; ocular in­ Bagrada deserticola Horvath 1936:32 (Linnavuori 1964:309) dex 4.57. Proportions between antenna! joints Bagrada royeri Horvath 1936:30 (Linnavuori 1964:309) 9:13:10:15:18 (diatone 46 units). Pronotum 2.2 x Bagrada singularis Horvath 1936:3 1 (Linnavuori as broad as long in middle, lateral margins rela­ 1964:309). tively weakly diverging caudad, slightly curved, Material: Khan Ruhabah, 4 exx, 24.VI.1981, Lin­ humeral angles blunt; callal area strongly el­ nav uori. evated, smooth, other parts of disk densely and ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4 • Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. 49

Fig. 5. Bagrada montico/a Horvath. a: dorsal view. - Pseumatocoris insignis Kiritshenko: b: dorsal view; c-d: pygofer in ventral and in lateral view; e-f: style; g-h: aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view.

coarsely punctate. Scutellum 1.1 x as long as Distribution: Iranian, recorded from Iraq and broad, apex remarkably broad; disk, save basal Iran (Stichel1961:758). lateral callosities, coarsely and densely punctate, uneven, apex with poorly delimited callose Eurydema ornatum (Linnaeus, 1758) midline. Costal margins of elytra strongly curvate, clavus and corium densely and coarsely punctate. Material: Many exx from Ash Shargat, 7.1V.l980; Distribution: Irano-Turanian; recorded from Brozah, 13.V.l981 ; Kuysanjag-Irbil, 12.V1.1980; AI Qosh, Iraq in Stichel1961:757. !O.V.l981; Penjwin, ll.VI.l980; Rashidiya, 8.V1.198!; Sinoni, 8- 9.V.l981, Linnavuori; Abu Ghraib, 28.II1.1950, A. Meymarian; Duhok, 2l.III.I 944, S. Hassan; Falluja, Pseumatocoris insignis Kiritshenko, 1922 22.VIII.l965, collector unknown; Hilla, 28.X.!936, Kheiri; Figs. Sb-h Halabja, 20.V.I944, S. Alrawi; Khanakeen, 26.XI.l956, A. Isa; Kerbala, 4.XI.l956, Kheiri; Mosul, 15.XI.l961 , S. Material: Several exx from Abu Ghraib, 3.VIII.l968, Safar; Mussayab, 8.XII.l957, collector unknown; Qalat, J. Khalid; Kerbala, 28.V.l963, F. Matti; Kofa, 25.V.l963, 17 .III.l957, M.Younis; Sowera, 3.III. l965, F. Shalabi; Top M. Azher; Latifia, 27 .III.l973, collector unknown; Zawi, 26.1II.l944, H. Hamid. Nuamania, 24.VII.l968, M. Azher, in AG. Biology: In fields and steppes. Male genitalia in Fig. Sc-h. Distribution: Holomediterranean with a wide Biology: On caper, cowpea, onion and other range into Central Europe, Central and East Asia vegetables. and the Oriental region.

4 50 Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4

c j

Fig. 6. Acrosternum breviceps (Jakovlev). a: head; k : pygofer in dorsal and in ventral view; d: caudolateral angle of pygofer in median view.- A. millierei (Mulsant & Rey). e: caudolateral angle of pygofer in median view. - Rhaphigaster brevispina Horvath. f: base of venter and thorax in ventral view (ps = presternum, ms = mesosternum, mt =metasternum 2 =2nd sternite); g-h: pygofer (ex from Kopel Dagh) in dorsal and in ventral view. - R. nebulosa (Poda). i: base of venter and thorax in ventral view; j-k: pygofer (ex from Dan, Israel) in dorsal and in ventral view.

Eurydema fieberi (Schummel, 1836) Acrosternum breviceps (Jakovlev, 1890) Fig. 6a- d Material: Tilgara, Arbil, I ex, 18 .VI.l943, A. Meymarian. Material: Many exx from Anah-Al Qaim, 9.X.l979; Baghdad, IV- VII.l980; AI Kabaish, 27- 28.VI.l980; As Distribution: Holomediterranean. Samawah, 2l.X.l979; Tharthar Lake, 2.VI.l980; Linnavuori; Abu Ghraib, 12.I.l955, Dhia; Diwaniya, Acrosternum arabicum Wagner, 1959 ll.IX.1954, S.Alyasiri; Hilla, 8.IV.l954, S.Alyasiri; Kalis, 17.VI.l974, Rustam; Mosul, 2.X.l967; A. Issa; Zakho, Material: Many exx from AI Qosh, 17 .XI.l979; 2l.VII.1967, M. Younis. Syria: Raqqa-Deir es Zor, Sarsang, 26-28.VIII.l980, Linnavuori. 12.VIII.l979, Linnavuori. Biology: In steppes in northern Iraq. Closely related to A. millie rei (pygofer in Fig. Distribution: Eastern parts of the Eremian 6e) but easily distinguished by the shape of the subregion, recorded from Saudi Arabia, Iran and head: broad, genae extending beyond the nar­ Turkestan. rowly visible apex of tylus, and by the structure ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4 • Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. 51

of the lateral lobes of the pygofer: apical margin Anchesmus rubriplaga (Walker, 1867) nearly straight, median angle sharp, sclerified Material: Several exx from Hilla, 2l.IX.l979; As process on median surface narrower. Salman, 19.IV.1980, Linnavuori. Biology: On herbs in saline habitats; at lamps. Biology: On Tamarix. Distribution: Irano-Turanian, recorded from Distribution: Eremian. Turkestan, Iraq and Saudi-Arabia (Stichel 1961 :763). Rhaphigaster nebulosa (Poda, 1761) Fig. 6i-k Acrosternum millierei (Mulsant & Rey, 1866) Material: Sulaf, 3 exx, 27.VIII.1973, Linnavuori. Recorded from Iraq (Stichell961:763). The variability of R. nebulosa was treated in Distribution: Holomediterranean with a wide Linnavuori 1960: 19-21. Specimens from the range in the Middle East and the Ethiopian re­ Pontomediterranean area differ from Central and gion. West European ones in the more elongate body and somewhat paler colouring. Moreover, the head is ± more elongate and the antennae are somewhat longer. Both forms are connected by Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) intermediates, however. Specimens from Israel Materi al: Numerous exx from Abu Ghraib, 26.VII. were incorrectly regarded as R. brevispina 1961, Haidari; Baghdad, 2.VII.l946, collector unknown; Horvath, 1889 by me. The genuine R. brevispina, Balad, 7.III.l958, Younis; Hilla, 28.X.l956, S. Ibrahim; an Irano-Turanian species, is readily distinguished Kut, 7.III.l950, Fathy; Ramadi, 9.III.l 958, Younis; by the short ventral spine which extends only to Rashidiyah, 8.VI.l981 , Linnavuori; Suwaira, IO.XI.1966, the base of the mesosternum (Fig. 6f) (to the 1. Alani. base of the prosternum in nebulosa). Moreover the Biology: In fields on cotton, broad bean and shape of the pygofer (Fig. 6g- h) is somewhat other herbs. different. Distribution: Cosmopolitan, except for cold Biology: On broad-leaved trees in a grove in regions. Recorded from Iraq (Stichell961:763). northern Iraq. Distribution: Holomediterranean, extending into Central Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia. Recorded from Iraq (Stichell961:766). Piezodorus lituratus (Fabricius, 1794)

Material: Several exx from Anab, 19.III.l944, Yousuf; Bakraja, 26. V .195 I, A. Meymarian; Begbagi, 9 .III.1944, Asopinae S. Hassan; Biyara, 19.III.l944, M. Yousuf; Falaja, 21.XI.I957, collector unknown; Kani Khesman, IO.III.I944, S. Hassan; Sulaymaniya, 14.IV.1950, collector Andrallus spinidens (Fabricius, 1878) unknown; Top Zawe, 29.III.l944, H. Hamid, in AG. Material: Abu Ghraib, I ex, 23.!.1955, Y. Fattah; Distribution: Holomediterranean with a wide Karbala, 1 ex, 4.XI.l956, W. Muneer. range into Central Europe and the Middle East. Biology: At Karbala found on cucumber. Distribution: Tropicopolitan. Recorded from Iraq (Stichell961:768). Pausias martini (Puton, 1890)

Material: Dukan, I ex, 12.VI.1980, Linnavuori; Zicrona caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) Shaqlawa, 2 exx, 27.II.1967, S. Safar, in AG. Material: Baghdad, 3 exx, 23.IX.l979, Linnavuori; Biology: At Dukan found on Quercus. Bakraja, many exx, 7.XI.1950, A. Meymarian. Distribution: Recorded from Syria, Iraq, Ar­ Biology: In moist habitats in gardens. menia, Caucasia, and Iran (Stichel1961:765). Distribution: Holarctic. 52 Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4

Stenocephalidae Biology: On Leguminosae. I collected it in numbers from an unidentified Leguminosae tree at Tarut in Saudi Arabia. The AG material was Dicranocephalus setulosus (Frey-Gessner, 1874) collected from string-bean and cotton. Material: Sarsang, I ex, 26-28.VIII.l980, Linnavuori. Distribution: Known from the Oriental Re­ Biology: On Euphorbia like the other species gion, Iran, Iraq (Nasiriya, China 1934:429), and of the genus. Saudi Arabia. Distribution: Holomediterranean. Gonocerus acuteangulatus (Goeze, 1778) Dicranocephalus albipes (Fabricius, 1781) Material: Sarsang, I ex, 27.VIII.I980; Sulaf, I ex, Material: near Penjwin, 2 exx, ll.VI.l980, Linnavuori. 27.VIII.I980, Linnavuori; Twela, 4 exx, 12.VII.I975, Rustam. Distribution: Holomediterranean, recorded from Iraq (Stichel 1961:708). The Iraqi specimens studied have acute hu­ meral angles of the pronotum and represent the form acutangula Puton, 1881. Dicranocephalus marginatus (Frey-Gessner, 1874) Biology: On Juniperus oxycedrus. Material: Abu Ghraib, 3 exx, 17- 22.VI.l968, J. Alani; Distribution: Holomeditenanean with a wide Jebel Sinjar, I ex, 8.V.l980; Mosul, I ex, 28.VIII.l980; range in Central Europe. Sarsang, 4 exx, 26-28.VIII.l980, Linnavuori. Distribution: Irano-Turanian, extending from Gonocerus juniperi Herrich-Schaffer, 1839 Syria to Turkestan; recorded from Baghdad Material: Sarsang, 3 exx, 26-27. VIII.1980, Linnavuori. (Lansbury 1965:68). Biology: On Juniperus oxycedrus. Distribution: Holomediterranean, with a wide Dicranocephalus bianchii (Jakovlev, 1901) range in Central Europe. Material: Anah-AI Qaim, I ex, 9.X.1979; Nukhayb, 1 ex, 2.V.1980; Ukhaydir-Nukhayb, 3 exx, 2.V.1980, syriacus Blote, 1935 Linnavuori. Distribution: Eastern parts of the Eremian Material: Barzan, 2 exx, 29.VIII.I980; Karadag, 2.VI.l980; Su1ave, 2 exx, 2.VII.1975, Rustam; Zibar, 1 ex , subregion, extending from Egypt (the Sinai Pe­ 14.IV.1953, Mahmood. ninsula) to Iran. Distribution: The nominate form C. margi­ natus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1787) Euro-Sibe­ Dicranocephalus pallidus (Signoret, 1879) rian, ssp. syriacus known from Israel, Syria and Material: Abu Ghraib, I ex, 14. V .1955 and Qurna, 1 Iraq (Shaqlawa, Hoberlandt 1953:378). ex, 25 .VIII.l966, collector unknown in AG; Amarah, I ex, 8.VIII. J964, F.AI-Saizani; As Salman, I ex, 18.IV.I980; Baghdad, I ex, VIII.l980; Nukhayb, I ex, 2.V.I980; rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1767) Ukhaydir-Nukhayb, 1 ex, 2.V.1980, Linnavuori. Recorded from Iraq (Stichel1961:712). Distribution: Eremian. Distribution: European, extending to Iran and Turkestan.

Coreidae Enoplops disciger (Kolenati, 1845) Recorded from Iraq (Stichel1961:712). Distribution: Pontomediterranean. Omanocoris versicolor (Herrich-Schaffer, 1841) spiniger (Fabricius, 1781) Material: Baghdad, 3 exx, 23.IX.1979, Linnavuori; numerous exx in AG from Abu Ghraib, I- 16.V.l943, Material: Several exx from Aqra, 29.VIII.1980, 5.XI.l966, l.VII.l967, A.Meymmian and I.Khalid; Sowera, 12.V.l981; Dukan, 12.VI.l980; AI Qosh, 10.V.I981 ; Shayk 31.III.1955, F.Shalabi. Addi, ll.V.1981; Sulaf, 27.VIII.l980, Linnavuori. ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4 • Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. 53

Biology: In steppes of northern Iraq. Arenocoris waltli (Herrich-Schaffer, 1834) Distribution: Holomediterranean. Material: Jebel Sinjar, 1 ex, 8.V.I981, Linnavuori. Biology: Under plants in a hilly steppe. Centrocoris volxemi (Puton, 1878) Distribution: Holomediterranean. Material: Abu Ghraib, I ex, 30.XII.l943, R. Mey­ marian; Hilla, I ex, 2l.IX.l979; Rutba-Al Qaim, I ex, 5.V.l980, Linnavuori. Ceraleptus obtusus (Brulle, 1839) Biology: In semideserts of central Iraq. Recorded from Baghdad (China 1938:429). Distribution: Irano-Turanian. Distribution: Holomediterranean.

Cercinthus lehmanni (Kolenati, 1856) Coriomeris vitticollis Reuter, 1900

Material: Razaza lake, I ex, 24.VI.l981 ; Tharthar lake, Material: Abu Ghraib, 1 ex, 22.VII.l954, collector I ex, 6. VI.l981 , Linnavuori. unknown, in AG; AI Qosh, I ex, 17 .XI.1979, Linnavuori. Biology: In desert habitats. Distribution: Apparently Irano-Turanian. Distribution: Eremian, extending from the Recorded from Iraq (Shaqlawa, Hoberlandt Canary Islands to Turkestan. 1953:378).

Spathocera lobata (Herrich-Schaffer, 1840) Coriomeris affinis (Herrich-Schaffer, 1839)

Material: Abu Ghraib, 1 ex, 15.III.l975, Latifia, I ex, Material: Sawarah Tuka, several exx, 28.VIII.l980, 27.III.1973, collector unknown, in AG. Linnavuori. Distribution: Holomediterranean. Distribution: Holomediterranean.

Prionotylus brevicornis (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) Strobilotoma typhaecornis (Fabricius, 1803) Material: Darbandikhan, I ex, 13.V.l980; Sawarah Tuka, I ex, 28.VIII.1980; Zawita, I ex, 26.VIII.l980, Material: Baquba, I ex, 30.III.l958, A.Yasiki; Khalis, Linnavuori. 2 exx, 30.III.l958, M.Arawi; AI Qosh, 1 ex, IO.V.l981, Linnavuori; Sulaymaniya, I ex, ll.V.l957, Abid. Biology: On grasses in steppes. Distribution: Holomediterranean. Distribution: Holomediterranean; recorded from Iraq (Stichel1961 :716).

Phyllomorpha lacerata Herrich-Schaffer, 1835

Material: Aqra, 1 ex, 29.VIII.1980, Linnavuori; Zakho, 2 exx, 25.VI.l941, Younis. Alydidae Distribution: Pontomediterranean. lateralis (Germar, 1817)

Pseudophloeinae Material: Several exx from Aqra, 29.VIII.I980; Darbandikhan, 13.V.1980; Dawrah, 15.IX.I979; AI Qosh, 10.VI.l981; Sa1ahuddin, 13-14.VI.l980; Shayk Addy, Arenocoris intermedius (Jakovlev, 1883) ll.V.1981; Sulaf, 27.VIII.I980, Linnavuori; Rabeah, 2 Material: Khan Ruhabah, I ex, 24.VI.l981; Najaf­ exx, 10.IV.l969, collector unknown, in AG. Shabakah, 1 ex, 23.VI.l981 ; Safwan, 1 ex, 13.IV.1980, Biology: On grasses and other herbs in Linnavuori. steppes. Biology: On ground among plants in semi­ Distribution: Holomediterranean, extending deserts and steppes. into Central Europe and Turkestan and Afghani­ Distribution: Holomediterranean. stan. 54 Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4

Camptopus illustris Horvath, 1899 Biology: In hilly steppes of northern Iraq. Material: Shaqlawa, I ex, ll.VII. l976, Rustam. Distribution: Known from Turkey, Caucasia and Iran. Distribution: Known from Turkey, Caucasia, Iraq, and Iran (Stichel1961 :7 17). Brachycarenus tigrinus (Schilling, 1829)

Riptortus linearis (Fabricius, 1775) Material: Darbandikhan, I ex, 13.V. I980; Sinoni, ex, 8-9.V.I98 1; Zawita, I ex, 26.VIII.I980; Linnavuori . Material: Several exx from Abu Ghraib , IO .IV .I954, Biology: In hilly steppes of northern Iraq. 18.VIII.l958, A.Haidari, S.Rasheed; Baghdad, 23.IX.1979, Linnavuori; Basra, 2 l.III.I95 1, Younis; Kalis, 17.VI.1979, Distribution: European, extending to Mon­ Rustam; Kefil, 23 .III.1 975, collector unknown, in AG; golia and China. Kirkuk, 31.VII.I967, Younis; Rashidiyah, 8. VI.1981, Linnavuori; Samara, 14.VI.1957, Younis; Zafaraniyah, 21.IX.I942, A.Meymarian. Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius, 1794) Biology: On undergrowth in gardens. Material: Numerous exx from Abu Ghar, 16.IV.l980; Abu Ghar-Busayah, 16.IV.I980, Linnavuori; Abu Ghraib, Distribution: The Oriental Region, extending 7.V.I953, A.Isa; Anah-AI Qaim, 5.V.I980; Baghdad, to China and Iran. IX.I979, VIII.I980; AI , 5.X.I979; AI Hadr, 6- 7.V.l981; Halabja, ll.VI.l980; Jebel Sinjar, 8.V.l981, Linnav uori ; Karbala, 9.XI.I956, S.Alyasiri; Kufa, Nariscus longirostris Linnavuori, 1974 5.XI.1956, S.Ibrahim; Karbala-Ain AI Tamar, 20.X. I979, Material: Kirkuk (Haweja), I ex, l .VIII.l961, J.Alani. Linnavuori; Mosul, 3 l.X.I968, J.Abdulla; Nasiri yah-Abu Ghar, 15.IV.l980; Nukhayb- km 160, 9.V.l980; Penjwin, Description in Linnavuori 1974:170- 171 and ll.V1.1980; Qora, 13. VI.l980; AI Qosh, IO.V . I98 1, 1987:25. Linnavuori; Rabea, 22.IV.I968, F.Matty; Ramadi, Distribution: Otherwise known only from Is­ 21.VI.I966, in AG; Rashidi yah, 8.VI.1981; Rawah-Al Hadr, 6.V.l981; Razaza lake, 6.VI.1981; Safwan, 13.IV.1980; rael. As Salman, 3.IV.l98 1; Sawarah Tuka, 28.VIII.I980; Shaykh Addi, ll.V.I981, Linnavuori; Shora, 30.IX. 1956, S.Aiyasiri; Sinoni, g- 9.V.I9gl; Thartharlake, 23.VIII.l979, Rhopalidae Linnavuori; Tikrit, 7.IV.l969, J.Alani; Ukhaydir-Nukhayb, 2.V.l980; Waqisah, l.V.l980; Az Zubayr, 14.IV.l980, Linnavuori , Kuwait: AI Jahra, 17.III.l981, Linnavuori. Nomenclature as in Puchkov 1986. Biology: Common in fields, gardens, steppes, and semideserts. Rhopalinae Distribution: Cosmopolitan, except for cold areas. Corizus hyoscyami (Linnaeus, 1758) Material: Brozah, I ex, 13 .V.l98 1; Darbandikhan, 3 Rhopalus (A eschyntelus) maculatus (Fieber, 1837) exx, 13.V.l980; Qora, I ex, 16.XI.l979; AI Qosh, I ex, Material: Sulaf, I ex, 27.VIII.1980, Linnavuori. 12.V.I981; Sawarah Tuka, I ex, 28.VIII.l980; Shaykh Addi, I ex, ll.V.I981 , Linnavuori; Kani Khesman, I ex, Distribution: Euro-Siberian; recorded from IO.III.1 944, S.Hassan; Rabeah, 3 exx, IO.IV .l969, collec­ Shaqlawa (Hoberlandt 1953:380). tor unknown, in AG.

Biology: In steppes and hilly habitats in Rhopalus (s. str.) subrufus (Gmelin, 1790) northern Iraq. Distribution: Euro-Siberian, extending to Material : Zawita, I ex, 20.VIII.l980, Linnavuori. China and North Africa. Euro-Siberian.

Corizus fenestella fenestella Horvath, 1917 Stictopleurus abutilon pictus (Fieber, 1861) Material: AI Qosh, I ex, 17.XI.1 979; Zawita, I ex, Material: Several exx from Aqra, 12.V.l981 ; Ash 26. VIII.I980, Linnavuori. Shargat, 7.1V.I980; AI Hadr, 6.V.I981; Penjwin, ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4 • Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. 55

IJ.VI.l980; AI Qosh, IO.V.l981; Khorsabad, ll.V.I981 ; Agraphopus (Agraphopus) lethierryi St1\l, 1872 Sawarah Tuka, 28.V.I980, Linnavuori. Material: Ana, 2 exx, 8.X.I979; Aqra, I ex, 29.VIII. Biology: In steppes of northern Iraq. 1980; Baghdad, several exx, IV-VIII.I980; Muhammadi, Distribution: Holomediterranean. 2exx, 8.X.l979, Linnavuori. Biology: On grasses in fields and shores. Stictopleurus riveti Royer, 1923 Distribution: Holomediterranean with a wide range in the Ethiopian Region. Material: Several exx from Abu Ghraib, ll.IX.l966, in AG; Baghdad, V- VI.l981; AI Hadr, 6-7.V.l98l; Rutba­ Qaim, 8-9.111.1980; As Salman-Shabakah, 4.IV. I981; Agraphopus (Agraphopus) suturalis Reuter, 1900 Sarsang, 26-28.VIII.I980; Waqisah, I.V.I980, Linnavuori. Material: Baghdad, several exx, IV- VII.l980, Lin­ Biology: In steppes and sernideserts. navuori. Distribution: Holomediterranean. Biology: On Panicum turgidum and other desert grasses. Stictopleurus ribauti Vidal, 1952 Distribution: Eremian. Distribution: Eremian; recorded from Iraq (Gollner -Scheiding 197 5:41). Chorosoma schillingi (Schilling, 1829) Material: Several exx from Aqra, l2.V.l981; Brozah, Maccevethus errans caucasicus (Kolenati, 1845) 13.V.I981; AI Hadr, 6.V.l981; AI Qosh, IO.V.l981; Zawita, 15.XI.l979, Linnavuori . Material: Aqra, I ex, 12.V.l981; Jebel Sinjar, 3 exx, 8.V.I981; AI Qosh, 2 exx, IO.V.I981; Sarsang, 27- Biology: On grasses in steppes of northern 28 .VIII.I980; Sinjar, lex, 7.V.I981, Linnavuori; Erbil, I Iraq. ex, 30.V.l969, J.Mohmed; Grmawe, I ex, 8.IV.l944, S. Distribution: European. Hassan; Nenewa, I ex, IO.XI.l965, in AG; Shaqlawa, 2 exx, l J.VII.l976, Rustam. Biology: In steppes of northern Iraq. Pyrrhocoridae Distribution: Holomediterranean. Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Maccavethus corsicus persicus Jakovlev, 1882 Material: Several exx from Baghdad, IV- V.l980, Distribution: Pontomediterranean; recorded Linnavuori; Abu Ghraib, 20.V.l945, H.Hamid; Khanakin, 13.XII.I957, in AG; Neneva, 14.XI.l965, in AG; Shaqlawa, from Shaqlawa (Hoberlandt 1953:378). ll.VII.I976, in AG; Sulaymaniyah, 27.1.1968, Ronak; Zakho, 24.1X.l954, R.Aii. Biology: On ground under plants in gardens Chorosomatini and fields. Distribution: Holarctic. Agraphopus (Leptoceraea) viridis (Jakovlev, 1873) Scantius aegyptius (Linnaeus, 1758) Agraphopusfemoralis Horvath, 1897 (Puchkov 1986:99) Material: Numerous exx from Busaya, 2.IV.l981; Material: Many exx from Baghdad, IV-VII.l980; Nukhaib-Ratawi, 9.1V.I981; AI Qosh, 25.VIII.1980; As Basra, 25-29.VI.I980; Ain AI Tamar, l7.VII.l980; AI Salman, 3.1V.l981; Waqisah, J.V.1980; Linnavuori; Abu Hillah, 2l.IX.J980; AI Kabaish, 27-28.VI.l980; Nasiriya­ Ghraib, 3.II.l955, R.Ali; Diyala, IO.XI.l954, in AG; Rutba, Abu Ghar, l5.1V.l980; Thartharlake, 5.X.J979, 2.VI.l980; 8.VI.I966, in AG; Samara, 7.111.1958, Younis; Tikrit, Linnavuori. 16.111.1958, Alyasiri. Kuwait: AI Wafra, 17.111.1981, Linnavuori. Biology: In moist habitats in gardens, fields and shores. Biology: Under plants in gardens and fields. Distribution: Pontomediterranean. Distribution: Holomediterranean. 56 Linnavuori: Hemiptera of Iraq. II. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 4

Scantius forsteri (Fabricius, 1781) 1965: Additions to the Hemipterous fauna oflsrael. ­ Ann. En to mol. Fennici 31 :237-241. Material: Zubeer, 4 exx, 8.V. l969, M. Younis. Ku­ 1974: Hemipterological studies. - Ann. Entomol. wait: AI Jahra, I ex, 17.III.l981, Linnavuori. Fennici 40: 167- 171. Biology: Under plants in dry habitats. 1984: New species of Hemiptera from Iraq and the adjacent countries. - Acta Entomol. Distribution: Ethiopian; also known from Fennici 44:1-59. Sicily, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Iran, and In­ 1987: Alydidae, Stenocephalidae and Rhopalidae from dia. West and Central Africa. - Acta Entomol. Fennici 49:1- 36. 1986: Heteroptera of Saudi Arabia. -Fauna of Saudi Arabia 8:31 - 197. References 1993: Cydnidae of West, Central and North-East Af­ rica.- Acta Zoo!. Fennica 192. 148 pp. China, W. E. 1938: Hemiptera from Iraq, Iran and Arabia. Puchkov, v. G. (fly4KOD, B. r.) 1965: [Shieldbugs of - Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zoo!., Ser. 20:427-437. Chi­ Middle Asia (Hemiptera, .)] (In Russian) cago. - Acad. Nauk Kirgizskoi SSR Inst. Bioi. 1965: 1- Gollner-Scheiding, U. 1986: Revision der Gattung Odon­ 329. toscelis Lapm1e de Castelnau 1832 (Heteroptera, Scu­ 1986: [Rhopalid bug fauna of the USSR.] (In Russian) telleridae).- Deutsche Entomol. Zeit., N.F. 33:95-127. - Acad. Nauk. SSSR. Zoo!. Inst. 146:1-132. Hoberlandt, L. 1944: Some Hemiptera-Heteroptera col­ Puton, A. 1881: Enumeration des Hemipteres recoltes en lected in North East Iraq. - Acta Entomol. Mus. Nat. Syrie par M. Abeille de Perrier avec Ia description des Pragae 26:1-9. especes nouvelles. - Mitteil. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 1953: Hemipteren-Heteropteren von Shaqlawa in stid­ 6:121. Kurdistan. Beitr. zur En to mol. 3:377-384. Reuter, 0. M. 1900: Heteroptera palaearctica nova et minus Horvath, G. 1897: Description d'Hemipteres nouveaux et cognita descripsit I. - Ofv. Finska Vetensk.-Soc. Forh. notes diverses. - Rev. Entomol. 1897:81-97. 42:209-239. - 1936: Monographia Pentatomidarum generis Bagrada. Seidenstlicker, G. I 964: Zur Systematik von Bledionotus, -Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hungarici 30:22-47. Bethylimorphus und Thaumastella Horvath (Hetero­ Jakovlev, V. E. (5hmsneo, B. E.) 1873: [Materials for the ptera, Lygaeidae).- Reichenbachia 3:269-279. fauna of the European part of Russia III.] (In 1975: Uber anatolische Schildwanzen (Heteroptera, Russian)- Trud. Rus. Entomol. 1874. T.7 (2):30-41. Pentatomidae). - Reichenbachia 1.):2.) 9- 268. Josifov, M. 1969: Uber die Taxonomie von Ventocoris Signore!, V. 1881: Groupe des Cydnides 4.- Ann. Soc. (Selenodera) falcatus (Cyrillus, 1787) (Heteroptera, Entomol. 1881 :423-436. Pentatomidae). - Acta Entomol. Mus. Nat. Pragae Stichel, W. 1961: Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der 38:67-72. Wanzen II. Europa. 4(23-24):705-768. Kerzhner, I. M. (Kep3Hep, H . M .) 1976: [New or little - 1962: Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wanzen known Heteroptera from Mongolia and from adjacent II. Europa. 4(25):769-800. regions of the USSR.] (In Russian) - Nasek. Mongol. Tamanini, L. 1958: Revisione del genere Carpocoris Kit. 4:30-86. con speciale riguardo aile specie italiane (Hemiptera, Kiritshenko, A. N. (KHpH4eHKO, A. H.) 1966: [Hemiptera­ Heter., Pentatomidae). - Mem. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Heteroptera collected by D.M. Steinberg in Iran 1955.] 6:333-388. (in Russian) - Entomol. Obozr. 45:798-805. Wagner, E. 1965: Die taxonomische Bedeutung des Baues Klug, J. C. F. 1845: Symbolae physicae seu icones & der Genitalien des Mannchens bei der Gattung descriptiones insectorum 5: 10 Tables. Sciocoris Fallen 1829 (Hem. Het. Pentatomidae). - Lansbury, I. 1965-1966: A revision of the Stenocephalidae Acta Entomol. Mus. Nat. Pragae 36:91-167. Dallas 1852 (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). - Entomol. Walker, F. 1867: Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Monthly Mag. 101:52-92, 145- 160. Heteroptera in the collection of the British Museum. I. Linnavuori, R. E. 1964: Hemiptera of Egypt, with remarks - London. 240 pp. on some species of the adjacent Eremian region. - Ann. Zool. Fennici 1:306-356. Received 12.XII.l991