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Conflicts of Interest Overview 20-Feb-17 Impact of excessive use of online Conflicts of interest porn on relationships Dr Rosie King MB BS FAChSHM “Try this – I just bought 1000 shares.” Pornography has long been the focus Overview of public concern • Today’s increasingly sexually explicit media • Defining pornography • The impact of the Internet and cybersex ‘‘There is no sexual • Demographics of Internet porn use in Australia • Disturbing content and attitudes in porn aberration, no perverse • “Pornification” of relationships • Addiction to Internet pornography act, however frightful • Addressing problematic Internet porn use that is not • Related issues not addressed: photographically – The science of pornography addiction – www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Ya67aLaaCc – Child pornography – The negative impact of pornography on youth, women and same-sex couples represented today.’’ – The toxicity of the porn industry Bloch, I. (1903). Anthropological studies in the strange sexual practices of all races in all ages, ancient and modern, oriental and Statement by Ivanoccidental, Bloch primitive inand civilized. 1903 New York: Anthropological Press. “Pornographic” postcard circa 1910 First Playboy cover in 1953 would now be considered tame and mainstream 1 20-Feb-17 Dramatic increase in sexually explicit Today’s Playboy Magazine media in last 60 years • Sexually explicit media including print, picture and film with sexualised elements is entrenched in popular Australian culture • Sex is ubiquitous: in magazines, TV shows, movies, books, newspapers, advertisements, song lyrics, music videos and the Internet • Thus it is difficult to distinguish pornography’s specific effects on relationships from those of the general climate of sexual misinformation and gender inequality in a “pornified” culture 1 1. Paul, P. (2005). Pornified: How pornography is damaging our lives, our relationships, and our families. New York: Times Books. Some examples of sexually explicit Women’s magazines media Is this pornography? It used to be Ads for Tom Ford Fragrances for men “Fill your desire for something long, juicy… and flame-grilled” Women’sAdvertising bodies Standards are often Agency “dismembered” judgment: These in ads. images Just onewere part ofassessed the body as –“unlikelyoften breasts to cause – is serious focused or on. widespread offence” and were not banned http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/24720/1/fashion-v-censorship-a-history-of-banned-ads-miu-miu-tom-ford http://www.mediaed.org/discussion-guides/Killing-Us-Softly-4-Discussion-Guide.pdf 2 20-Feb-17 Still photo from Jason Derulo’s music So what is pornography? video 'Want to Want Me’ • Pornography can be defined as: “the explicit depiction or exhibition of sexual activity in literature, films or photography that is intended to stimulate erotic feelings” http://www.justjared.com/2015/03/23/jason-derulo-goes-shirtless-sexy-in-steamy-want-to-want-me-music-video-watch- Media Smarts. (2013). The pornographic debate: Controversy in advertising. Retrieved from now/#ixzz4VJ4Q5lMC http://mediasmarts.ca/lessonplan/pornography‐debate‐controversy‐advertising‐ lesson Increasing tolerance to explicit sexual Porn is in the eye of the beholder imagery in modern era • The definition of pornography is highly subjective e.g. generally • A study called The Porn Phenomenon in 2016 accepted works of art are considered by some people to be found that pornographic, offensive or obscene – A fully nude image is NOT pornography to 76% of • The penis and pubic hair on reproductions of Michelangelo's adults David have often been covered with fig leaves – A fully nude image that is sexually arousing is NOT • Photographs of the sculpture have been banned in some schools pornography to 47% of adults • In November 1969, a poster image – An image of sexual intercourse is NOT of the statue was confiscated by the vice squad in Sydney and the pornography to 21% of adults manager of the store was charged with obscenity • But attitudes are changing… http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/visualarts/david_a.html Michelangelo’s David 1501 https://barna-resources.myshopify.com/products/porn-phenomenon The US President’s Commission on Is it harmful? Obscenity and Pornography 1971 • In late 1960s research was conducted into the causal relationship of pornographic material to antisocial behaviour • Extensive academic investigation revealed that “the use of sexually explicit material did not play a significant role in the causation of social or individual harms” 1 1. United States (1971) Technical report of the commission on obscenity and pornography. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office 3 20-Feb-17 Sex in the digital age In 1991 the Internet changed everything • With increasing public access to the World Wide Web in the 1990s we entered a new era of online sexual content and widespread activity which to this day still represents a sizable portion of internet traffic and income 1 • 30% of all Internet traffic is pornography 2 • Between 1998 and 2007, the number of pornographic websites grew by 1,800% 3 • Men are more than six times as likely to view pornography as women and more likely to spend more time viewing it 4 1. J Sex Educ Ther 22:5–6, 1997 2. Sexuality and the Internet: the next sexual revolution, The psychological science of sexuality: a research based approach, New York, 519–45, 1999 3. Websense Research Shows Online Pornography Sites Continue Strong Growth. (2004). 4. Steven Stack, Ira Wasserman, and Roger Kern, “Adult Social Bonds and Use of Internet Pornography,” Social Science Quarterly 85 (2004): 75-88 (85). What is Cybersex? Online sexual hook-up culture • Sites for meeting partners for casual sex • Cybersex includes a wide array of sexual – Ashley Madison extramarital affair site - hacked in 2015 behaviours such as – Blendr – “links you up to singles who are up for sex in – viewing erotic or pornographic imagery including live your postcode” video feeds of sexual activity from a webcam +/- MB – Flingfinder – “sexting” - sharing explicit details of one’s sex life, – Mysexhookups including pictures, videos or descriptions of oneself or – Instantquickies.com.au one’s partner – Shagaholic.com: “an ocean full of naughty singles who – interacting with anonymous partners through online scream for rescue and relief and are willing to have forums, social media, chat rooms, blogs and live video casual sex with you any time of day or night” chat that may include “chaturbation” (MB while • Sexual ecstasy? In first-time hookups, 31 percent of chatting online) and real life “hook-ups” men and 10 percent of women reached orgasm1 – interacting with sex workers online 1 Armstrong EA, England P, Fogarty ACK. Orgasm in college hookups and relationships. In: Risman BJ, editor. 1. Psychiatr Clin North Am 4:697–712, 2008 Families as they really are. New York, NY: Norton; 2009. pp. 362–377. Why is Internet porn different? Upside: Internet porn means no more embarrassing sex shop moments! • Internet porn has produced what some researchers call a new “sexual revolution” 1 • The Internet provides sexual stimulation anywhere, anytime, for anyone – Round the clock accessibility – Instant gratification - all it takes is one Google search for “porn” = 1.98 billion results – Unlimited availability of a wide range of sexual material catering to all tastes – Endless novelty with the click of a mouse – changes the structure and function of the brain – Potential for easy escalation to more extreme material – Relative affordability – most Internet porn is free – Easy to hide – no obvious “porn stash” – Assumed anonymity 1. Sexuality and the Internet: the next sexual revolution, The psychological science of sexuality: a research based approach, New York, 519–45, 1999 4 20-Feb-17 Downside: Internet porn has created an increasing number of people struggling with compulsive and Who’s watching online porn in Oz? addictive sexual behaviour and it is negatively affecting their relationships • A University of Sydney study found that – more than 70% of Australian men consume pornography online, although some statistics suggest the percentage is as high as 90% – 30% of Australian women consume online porn http://www.theherald.com.au/story/2553854/bare-truths-about-porn/?cs=303 Age of viewers (2016) Frequency of porn viewing by age and gender MEN At least several times a week 18-30 year olds 63% 31-49 year olds 38% 50-68 years old 25% WOMEN At least several times a week 18-30 year olds 21% 31-49 year olds 5% 50-68 years old 0% http://www.pornhub.com/insights/2016-year-in-review 2014 Pornography Survey and Statistics. Proven Men Ministries. http://www.provenmen.org/2014pornsurvey/ Devices used to view Internet porn in Smartphones have been a major factor Australia in increased access to Internet porn • In 2007, mobile phones Desktop Phone 61% were the biggest distributor 28% of pornography 1 • Mid 2015 15.3 million Tablet 11% smartphones in Oz 2 1. Juniper Research, 2009 2. www.yump.com.au/2016-australian-mobile-statistics-how-digital-is-increasingly-a-mobile-first-experience/ http://www.pornhub.com/insights/2016-year-in-review 5 20-Feb-17 What are they watching? Top online porn searches in Australia Video game MILF = mother I’d like to f**k = “yummy mummy” Hentai is cartoon pornography – Japanese word for perverted http://www.pornhub.com/insights/2016-year-in-review Disturbing content Disturbing attitudes in porn users • Of respondents under age 50 who use pornography • The nature of online pornography is changing: it is increasingly dominated by themes of aggression,
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