DOCSLIB.ORG

Grasses of Egypt

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Grasses of Egypt Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press smithsonian contributions to botany • number 103 Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press Grasses of Egypt Kamal M. Ibrahim, Hasnaa A. Hosni, and Paul M. Peterson SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the follow- ing statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the follow- ing active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Manuscripts intended for publication in the Contributions Series undergo substantive peer review and evaluation by SISP’s Editorial Board, as well as evaluation by SISP for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines (avail- able on SISP’s “Author Resources” page at www.scholarlypress.si.edu). For open access, fully searchable PDFs of volumes in the Smithsonian Contributions Series, visit Open SI (http://opensi.si.edu). smithsonian contributions to botany • numb e r 1 0 3 Grasses of Egypt Kamal M. Ibrahim, Hasnaa A. Hosni, and Paul M. Peterson WASHINGTON D.C. 2016 ABSTRACT Ibrahim, Kamal M., Hasnaa A. Hosni, and Paul M. Peterson. Grasses of Egypt. Smithsonian Contribu- tions to Botany, number 103, x + 201 pages, 292 figures, 1 table, 2016.—A vegetative key, descriptions, and illustrations for the identification of 284 native and naturalized grasses that occur in Egypt are presented. In addition, we provide a modern classification, glossary of terms, and indexes to scientific and common names. The key is based on vegetative characters to allow identification of specimens that do not have flowering structures (inflorescences and spikelets). Cover images, from left to right: Enneapogon persicus spikelet (Figure 129C); Phalaris paradoxa habit (Figure 199A, detail); Stipagrostis obtusa habit (Figure 256A, detail); Bromus fasciculatus habit (Figure 42A, detail); Cenchrus echinatus habit (Figure 61A, detail); Cymbopogon iwarancusa spikelets (Figure 89D). Published by SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SCHOLARLY PRESS P.O. Box 37012, MRC 957 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 www.scholarlypress.si.edu Compilation copyright © 2016 Smithsonian Institution The rights to text and images in this publication, including cover and interior designs, are owned either by the Smithsonian Institution, by contributing authors, or by third parties. Fair use of materials is permitted for personal, educational, or noncommercial purposes. Users must cite author and source of content, must not alter or modify copyrighted content, and must comply with all other terms or restrictions that may be applicable. Users are responsible for securing permission from a rights holder for any other use. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Ibrahim, Kamal (Kamal M.), author. | Hosni, Hasnaa A., author. | Peterson, Paul M., author. Title: Grasses of Egypt / Kamal M. Ibrahim, Hasnaa A. Hosni, and Paul M. Peterson. Other titles: Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 103. Description: Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2016. | Series: Smithsonian contributions to botany ; number 103 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015035797 Subjects: LCSH: Grasses--Egypt--Identification. | Grasses--Egypt--Classification. Classification: LCC QK495.G74 I24 2016 | DDC 584.90962--dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015035797 ISSN: 1938-2812 (online); 0081-024X (print) Publication date (online): 11 March 2016 Ó The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Stan- dard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48–1992. Contents LIST OF FIGURES v INTRODUCTION 1 Morphological Characters 3 Phytogeography 6 Identification 7 Acknowledgments 10 VEGETATIVE KEY TO THE GRASSES OF EGYPT 13 DESCRIPTIONS 29 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 181 REFERENCES 187 INDEX OF COMMON NAMES (ARABIC) 191 INDEX OF COMMON NAMES (ENGLISH) 195 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES 199 Figures 1. General morphology 4 2. Growth forms 5 3. Types of sheaths, auricles, and collars 6 4. Ligule types, shapes, and margins 7 5. Leaf blade apices, bases, and margins 8 6. Leaf blade characteristics 9 7. Inflorescence types 10 8. Inflorescence and spikelet characteristics 11 9. Phytogeographical territories of Egypt 12 10. Acrachne racemosa 29 11. Aegilops bicornis 30 12. Aegilops geniculata 30 13. Aegilops kotschyi 31 14. Aegilops longissima 31 15. Aegilops peregrina 32 16. Aegilops ventricosa 32 17. Aeluropus lagopoides 33 18. Aeluropus littoralis 33 19. Agropyron cristatum 34 20. Agrostis stolonifera 34 21. Alopecurus myosuroides 35 22. Ammochloa palaestina 35 23. Ammophila arenaria 36 24. Andropogon distachyos 36 25. Aristida adscensionis 37 26. Aristida funiculata 37 27. Aristida mutabilis 38 28. Arundo donax 38 29. Avena barbata 39 30. Avena fatua 40 31. Avena longiglumis 40 32. Avena sativa 41 33. Avena sterilis 41 34. Brachypodium distachyon 42 35. Briza maxima 42 vi • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 36. Briza minor 43 37. Bromus aegyptiacus 43 38. Bromus alopecuros 44 39. Bromus catharticus 44 40. Bromus danthoniae 45 41. Bromus diandrus 45 42. Bromus fasciculatus 46 43. Bromus hordeaceus 47 44. Bromus inermis 47 45. Bromus japonicus 48 46. Bromus lanceolatus 48 47. Bromus lepidus 49 48. Bromus madritensis 49 49. Bromus pectinatus 50 50. Bromus pulchellus 50 51. Bromus pumilio 51 52. Bromus rubens 51 53. Bromus scoparius 52 54. Bromus sterilis 52 55. Bromus tectorum 53 56. Catapodium rigidum 54 57. Cenchrus americanus 54 58. Cenchrus biflorus 55 59. Cenchrus ciliaris 55 60. Cenchrus clandestinus 56 61. Cenchrus echinatus 56 62. Cenchrus longisetus 57 63. Cenchrus orientalis 57 64. Cenchrus pennisetiformis 58 65. Cenchrus ramosissimus 58 66. Cenchrus setaceus 59 67. Cenchrus setiger 59 68. Cenchrus sieberianus 60 69. Cenchrus violaceus 60 70. Centropodia forskalii 61 71. Centropodia fragilis 61 72. Chloris flagellifera 62 73. Chloris gayana 62 74. Chloris prieurii 63 75. Chloris pycnothrix 63 76. Chloris virgata 64 77. Chrysopogon plumulosus 64 78. Chrysopogon zizanioides 65 79. Coelachyrum brevifolium 65 80. Coix lacryma-jobi 66 81. Cortaderia selloana 66 82. Corynephorus divaricatus 67 83. Crithopsis delileana 67 84. Cutandia dichotoma 68 85. Cutandia maritima 68 86. Cutandia memphitica 69 87. Cymbopogon citratus 69 88. Cymbopogon flexuosus 70 89. Cymbopogon iwarancusa 70 NUMBER 103 • vii 90. Cymbopogon martini 71 91. Cymbopogon nardus 72 92. Cymbopogon schoenanthus 72 93. Cynodon dactylon 73 94. Cynodon transvaalensis 73 95. Cynosurus coloratus 74 96. Cynosurus echinatus 74 97. Dactylis glomerata 75 98. Dactyloctenium aegyptium 75 99. Dactyloctenium aristatum 76 100. Dactyloctenium scindicum 77 101. Danthoniopsis barbata 77 102. Desmazeria philistaea 78 103. Desmostachya bipinnata 78 104. Dichanthium annulatum 79 105. Dichanthium foveolatum 79 106. Digitaria ciliaris 80 107. Digitaria nodosa 80 108. Digitaria sanguinalis 81 109. Digitaria velutina 81 110. Digitaria violascens 82 111. Dinebra panicea 82 112. Dinebra retroflexa 83 113. Diplachne fusca 83 114. Echinochloa colona 84 115. Echinochloa crus-galli 85 116. Echinochloa pyramidalis 85 117. Echinochloa stagnina 86 118. Ehrharta calycina 86 119. Eleusine africana 87 120. Eleusine coracana 87 121. Eleusine floccifolia 88 122. Eleusine indica 88 123. Elionurus royleanusv 89 124. Elymus elongatus 89 125. Elymus farctus 90 126. Elymus repens 90 127. Enneapogon desvauxii 91 128. Enneapogon lophotrichus 91 129. Enneapogon persicus 92 130. Enneapogon scaber 92 131. Eragrostis aegyptiaca 93 132. Eragrostis aspera 94 133. Eragrostis barrelieri 94 134. Eragrostis cilianensis 95 135. Eragrostis ciliaris 95 136. Eragrostis japonica 96 137. Eragrostis lepida 96 138. Eragrostis minor 97 139. Eragrostis pilosa 97 140. Eragrostis sarmentosa 98 141. Eragrostis tef 98 142. Eragrostis tenella 99 143. Eragrostis tenuifolia 99 viii • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 144. Eragrostis tremula 100 145. Eremopyrum bonaepartis 100 146. Eremopyrum distans 101 147. Festuca brevis 101 148. Festuca bromoides 102 149. Festuca fasciculata 102 150. Festuca myuros 103 151. Festuca pectinella 103 152. Gastridium phleoides 104 153. Halopyrum mucronatum 104 154. Hemarthria altissima 105 155. Holcus annuus 105 156. Hordeum marinum 106 157. Hordeum murinum 107 158. Hordeum spontaneum 107 159. Hordeum vulgare 108 160. Hyparrhenia hirta 108 161. Imperata cylindrica 109 162. Lagurus ovatus 109 163. Lamarckia aurea 110 164. Lasiurus scindicus 111 165. Leersia hexandra
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mapping Swamp Timothy (Crypsis Schoenoides) Seed Productivity
    This article was downloaded by: [University of California Merced] On: 21 February 2012, At: 10:24 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK International Journal of Remote Sensing Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tres20 Mapping swamp timothy (Crypsis schoenoides) seed productivity using spectral values and vegetation indices in managed wetlands Patrick Rahilly a b , Donghai Li a , Qinghua Guo a , Jinxia Zhu a , Ricardo Ortega b , Nigel W. T. Quinn a c & Thomas C. Harmon a a School of Engineering, Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA b Grassland Water District Organization, Los Banos, CA, 93635, USA c HydroEcological Engineering Advanced Decision Support, Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA Available online: 13 Feb 2012 To cite this article: Patrick Rahilly, Donghai Li, Qinghua Guo, Jinxia Zhu, Ricardo Ortega, Nigel W. T. Quinn & Thomas C. Harmon (2012): Mapping swamp timothy (Crypsis schoenoides) seed productivity using spectral values and vegetation indices in managed wetlands, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 33:16, 4902-4918 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2011.571296 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and- conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
    [Show full text]
  • Grass Genera in Townsville
    Grass Genera in Townsville Nanette B. Hooker Photographs by Chris Gardiner SCHOOL OF MARINE and TROPICAL BIOLOGY JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY TOWNSVILLE QUEENSLAND James Cook University 2012 GRASSES OF THE TOWNSVILLE AREA Welcome to the grasses of the Townsville area. The genera covered in this treatment are those found in the lowland areas around Townsville as far north as Bluewater, south to Alligator Creek and west to the base of Hervey’s Range. Most of these genera will also be found in neighbouring areas although some genera not included may occur in specific habitats. The aim of this book is to provide a description of the grass genera as well as a list of species. The grasses belong to a very widespread and large family called the Poaceae. The original family name Gramineae is used in some publications, in Australia the preferred family name is Poaceae. It is one of the largest flowering plant families of the world, comprising more than 700 genera, and more than 10,000 species. In Australia there are over 1300 species including non-native grasses. In the Townsville area there are more than 220 grass species. The grasses have highly modified flowers arranged in a variety of ways. Because they are highly modified and specialized, there are also many new terms used to describe the various features. Hence there is a lot of terminology that chiefly applies to grasses, but some terms are used also in the sedge family. The basic unit of the grass inflorescence (The flowering part) is the spikelet. The spikelet consists of 1-2 basal glumes (bracts at the base) that subtend 1-many florets or flowers.
    [Show full text]
  • Conducting Baseline Studies for Thane Creek
    Conducting baseline studies for Thane Creek Project report submitted to Mangrove Cell, Maharashtra & GIZ, Mumbai Office. by Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) Anaikatty (PO), Coimbatore - 641108, Tamil Nadu In collaboration with B.N. Bandodkar College of Science, Thane Conducting baseline studies for Thane Creek Project report submitted to Mangrove Cell, Maharashtra & GIZ, Mumbai Office. Project Investigator Dr. Goldin Quadros Co-Investigators Dr. P.A. Azeez, Dr. Mahendiran Mylswamy, Dr. Manchi Shirish S. In Collaboration With Prof. Dr. R.P. Athalye B.N. Bandodkar College of Science, Thane Research Team Mr. Siddhesh Bhave, Ms. Sonia Benjamin, Ms. Janice Vaz, Mr. Amol Tripathi, Mr. Prathamesh Gujarpadhaye Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) Anaikatty (PO), Coimbatore - 641108, Tamil Nadu 2016 Acknowledgement Thane creek has been an ecosystem that has held our attention since the time we have known about its flamingos. When we were given the opportunity to conduct The baseline study for Thane creek” we felt blessed to learn more about this unique ecosystem the largest creek from asia. This study was possible due to Mr. N Vasudevan, IFS, CCF, Mangrove cell, Maharashtra whose vision for the mangrove habitats in Maharashtra has furthered the cause of conservation. Hence, we thank him for giving us this opportunity to be a part of his larger goal. The present study involved interactions with a number of research institutions, educational institutions, NGO’s and community, all of whom were cooperative in sharing information and helped us. Most important was the cooperation of librarians from all the institutions who went out of their way in our literature survey.
    [Show full text]
  • Plan D'actions En Faveur De La Flore Remarquable Du Parc Naturel
    Pour des raisons de confidentialité les fiches de suivi et localisations précises des stations ont été retirés de cette version du rapport. Si vous désirez plus d’informations merci de contacter le Parc naturel régional de Brière ou le Conservatoire botanique national de Brest. Plan d’actions en faveur de la flore remarquable du Parc naturel régional de Brière - 2017 - MASSARD Olivier, Parc naturel régional de Brière MESNAGE Cécile, Conservatoire botanique national de Brest MARQUET Matthieu, Parc naturel régional de Brière Avec la collaboration de, LACHAUD Aurélia, Bretagne Vivante SEPNB D’HIER Guillaume, SANDER Giovanni, BADIE Thomas, DUBOIS Théo, PnrB 1 Table des matières Introduction .......................................................................................................... 3 1. Préambule ................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Le Parc naturel régional de Brière ................................................................ 4 1.2. Les 15 plantes remarquables du plan d’actions .............................................10 1.3. Contributions ...........................................................................................11 2. Méthodologie d’inventaire et d’élaboration du Plan d’actions .............................12 2.1. Rassemblement des données .....................................................................12 2.2. Protocole d’inventaire ...............................................................................12 3. Résultats
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Composition and Species Diversity of Arid and Desert Rangelands in Tataouine, Tunisia
    land Article Botanical Composition and Species Diversity of Arid and Desert Rangelands in Tataouine, Tunisia Mouldi Gamoun and Mounir Louhaichi * International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), 2049 Ariana, Tunisia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +216-7175-2099 Abstract: Natural rangelands occupy about 5.5 million hectares of Tunisia’s landmass, and 38% of this area is in Tataouine governorate. Although efforts towards natural restoration are increasing rapidly as a result of restoration projects, the area of degraded rangelands has continued to expand and the severity of desertification has continued to intensify. Any damage caused by disturbances, such as grazing and recurrent drought, may be masked by a return of favorable rainfall conditions. In this work, conducted during March 2018, we surveyed the botanical composition and species diversity of natural rangelands in Tataouine in southern Tunisia. The flora comprised about 279 species belonging to 58 families, with 54% annuals and 46% perennials. The Asteraceae family had the greatest richness of species, followed by Poaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae, Boraginaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, and Cistaceae. Therophytes made the highest contribution, followed by chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes. Of all these species, 40% were palatable to highly palatable and more than 13% are used in both traditional and modern medicine. Citation: Gamoun, M.; Louhaichi, M. Keywords: vegetation; species richness; drylands; south of Tunisia Botanical Composition and Species Diversity of Arid and Desert Rangelands in Tataouine, Tunisia. Land 2021, 10, 313. https://doi.org/ 1. Introduction 10.3390/land10030313 Climate change and human activity represent a big threat to biodiversity [1–3].
    [Show full text]
  • Illinois Exotic Species List
    Exotic Species in Illinois Descriptions for these exotic species in Illinois will be added to the Web page as time allows for their development. A name followed by an asterisk (*) indicates that a description for that species can currently be found on the Web site. This list does not currently name all of the exotic species in the state, but it does show many of them. It will be updated regularly with additional information. Microbes viral hemorrhagic septicemia Novirhabdovirus sp. West Nile virus Flavivirus sp. Zika virus Flavivirus sp. Fungi oak wilt Ceratocystis fagacearum chestnut blight Cryphonectria parasitica Dutch elm disease Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Ophiostoma ulmi late blight Phytophthora infestans white-nose syndrome Pseudogymnoascus destructans butternut canker Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum Plants okra Abelmoschus esculentus velvet-leaf Abutilon theophrastii Amur maple* Acer ginnala Norway maple Acer platanoides sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus common yarrow* Achillea millefolium Japanese chaff flower Achyranthes japonica Russian knapweed Acroptilon repens climbing fumitory Adlumia fungosa jointed goat grass Aegilops cylindrica goutweed Aegopodium podagraria horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum fool’s parsley Aethusa cynapium crested wheat grass Agropyron cristatum wheat grass Agropyron desertorum corn cockle Agrostemma githago Rhode Island bent grass Agrostis capillaris tree-of-heaven* Ailanthus altissima slender hairgrass Aira caryophyllaea Geneva bugleweed Ajuga genevensis carpet bugleweed* Ajuga reptans mimosa
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Diversity of Grass Species in Banni Grassland, Kachchh District, Gujarat, India
    Patel Yatin et al. IJSRR 2012, 1(1), 43-56 Research article Available online www.ijsrr.org ISSN: 2279-0543 International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews Distribution and Diversity of Grass Species in Banni Grassland, Kachchh District, Gujarat, India 1* 2 3 Patel Yatin , Dabgar YB , and Joshi PN 1Shri Jagdish Prasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan 2R.R. Mehta Colg. of Sci. and C.L. Parikh College of Commerce, Palanpur, Banaskantha, Gujarat. 3Sahjeevan, 175-Jalaram Society, Vijay Nagar, Bhuj- Kachchh, Gujarat ABSTRACT: Banni, an internationally recognized unique grassland stretch of Western India. It is a predominantly flat land with several shallow depressions, which act as seasonal wetlands after monsoon and during winter its converts into sedge mixed grassland, an ideal dual ecosystem. An attempt was made to document ecology, biomass and community based assessment of grasses in Banni, we surveyed systematically and recorded a total of 49 herbaceous plant species, being used as fodder by livestock. In which, the maximum numbers of species (21 Nos.) were recorded in Echinocloa and Cressa habitat; followed by Sporobolus and Elussine habitat (20 species); and Desmostechia-Aeluropus and Cressa habiat (19 species). A total of 21 highest palatable species were recorded in Echinocloa-Cressa communities followed by Sporobolus-Elussine–Desmostechia (20 species and 18 palatable species) and Aeluropus–Cressa (19 species and 17 palatable species). For long-term conservation of Banni grassland, we also suggest a participatory co-management plan. KEY WORDS: Banni, Grassland, Palatability, Communities, Conservation. *Corresponding Author: Yatin Patel Research Scholar, Shri Jagdish Prasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan E-mail: [email protected] IJSRR 1(1) APRIL-JUNE 2012 Page 43 Patel Yatin et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Artifacts from Bena Grass [Chrysopogon Zizanioides (L.) Roberty] (Poaceae) in Jajpur District of Odisha, India
    Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 13 (4), October 2014, pp. 771-777 Traditional artifacts from Bena grass [Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty] (Poaceae) in Jajpur district of Odisha, India BK Tripathy1, T Panda2 & RB Mohanty3* 1Department of Botany, Dharmasala Mohavidyalaya, Dharmasala, Jajpur-755001, Odisha; 2Department of Botany, Chandabali College, Chandabali, Bhadrak-756133, Odisha; 3Department of Botany, NC (Autonomous) College, Jajpur – 755001, Odisha E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Received 27.06.13, revised 19.08.13 The paper reports the utility of a common wetland plant Bena in traditional craft making in some rural pockets of Jajpur district of Odisha. The field survey was conducted during the year 2010-2012 to access the present status of this unique plant based craft as well as the condition of the artisans involved in this craft making. Data were collected through interview with elderly artisans of the area of study. The result revealed that making artifacts from Bena is exclusively the hand work of female folk belonging to SC (Scheduled caste) and ST (Scheduled tribe) communities. Most of these artisans are either daily wage labourers or marginal farmers while making such craft is their secondary occupation. They collect the raw material, i.e. Bena stem from the nearby field, process it and make around two hundred varieties of attractive craft items both for traditional use in socio-religious rituals and as modern life style accessories. These artifacts are appreciated for their intricate design and glazing golden yellow colour. The existing conditions of this folk craft as well as the artisans were analysed.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Validation of Aeluropus Littoralis Reference Genes
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Hashemi et al. J of Biol Res-Thessaloniki (2016) 23:18 DOI 10.1186/s40709-016-0053-8 Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki RESEARCH Open Access Identification and validation of Aeluropus littoralis reference genes for Quantitative Real‑Time PCR Normalization Seyyed Hamidreza Hashemi1, Ghorbanali Nematzadeh1†, Gholamreza Ahmadian2†, Ahad Yamchi3 and Markus Kuhlmann4* Abstract Background: The use of stably expressed genes as normalizers has crucial role in accurate and reliable expression analysis estimated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Recent studies have shown that, the expression levels of common housekeeping genes are varying in different tissues and experimental conditions. The genomic DNA contamination in RNA samples is another important factor that also influence the interpretation of the data obtained from qPCR. It is estimated that the gDNA contamination in gene expression analysis lead to an overes- timation of the RNA transcript level. The aim of this study was to validate the most stably expressed reference genes in two different tissues of Aeluropus littoralis—halophyte grass at salt stress and recovery condition. Also, a qPCR-based approach for monitoring contamination with gDNA was conducted. Results: Ten candidate reference genes participating in different biological processes were analyzed in four groups of samples including root and leaf tissues, salt stress and recovery condition. To determine the most stably expressed reference genes, three statistical methods (geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper) were applied. According to results obtained, ten candidate reference genes were ranked based on the stability of their expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Using the Checklist
    Guidelines for using the checklist Cymbopogon excavatus (Hochst.) Stapf ex Burtt Davy N 9900720 Synonyms: Andropogon excavatus Hochst. 47 Common names: Breëblaarterpentyngras A; Broad-leaved turpentine grass E; Breitblättriges Pfeffergras G; dukwa, heng’ge, kamakama (-si) J Life form: perennial Abundance: uncommon to locally common Habitat: various Distribution: southern Africa Notes: said to smell of turpentine hence common name E2 Uses: used as a thatching grass E3 Cited specimen: Giess 3152 Reference: 37; 47 Botanical Name: The grasses are arranged in alphabetical or- Rukwangali R der according to the currently accepted botanical names. This Shishambyu Sh publication updates the list in Craven (1999). Silozi L Thimbukushu T Status: The following icons indicate the present known status of the grass in Namibia: Life form: This indicates if the plant is generally an annual or G Endemic—occurs only within the political boundaries of perennial and in certain cases whether the plant occurs in water Namibia. as a hydrophyte. = Near endemic—occurs in Namibia and immediate sur- rounding areas in neighbouring countries. Abundance: The frequency of occurrence according to her- N Endemic to southern Africa—occurs more widely within barium holdings of specimens at WIND and PRE is indicated political boundaries of southern Africa. here. 7 Naturalised—not indigenous, but growing naturally. < Cultivated. Habitat: The general environment in which the grasses are % Escapee—a grass that is not indigenous to Namibia and found, is indicated here according to Namibian records. This grows naturally under favourable conditions, but there are should be considered preliminary information because much usually only a few isolated individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • The Oil-Grasses of India & Ceylon
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Monografien Botanik Blütenpflanzen Jahr/Year: 1906 Band/Volume: 0128 Autor(en)/Author(s): Stapf Otto Artikel/Article: The Oil-Grasses of India and Ceylon in: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Bulletin. 297-364 Download from The Biodiversity Heritage Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at I All Eights Reserved.] ROYAL BOTANIC— GARDENS, KEW. — <o BULLETIN oO 3 OF MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. No. 8.] [1906. CONTENTS. /2<* XLVL—The Oil-Grasses of India and Ceylon. Ot 7&Uu XLVII.—Miscellaneous Notes.—Cultivation of Citronella Grasf- in Java.—Cultivation of Lemon Grass in the Malay Peninsula. WASHWCTON M. **> LONDON: PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, By DARLING & SON, Ltd., 34-40, Bacon Street, E. And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from WYMAN and SONS. Ltd., Fetter Lane, E.O., or OLIVER & BOYD, Edinburgh : or E. PONSONBY, 116, Grafton Street, Dublin. 1906. Price Fivepence. — ; KEW. Download from The Biodiversity Heritage Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at The "KEW BULLETIN" of Miscellaneous Information is issued as an occasional publication from the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. The "Bulletin" is printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office, and published by Messrs. Wyman & Sons, Ltd., at Fetter Lane, E.C., and it may be obtained directly from them or through any Bookseller. Back numbers, previous to January 1893, twopence per copy, when available ; previous to January, 1900, fourpence per copy. " The Price of the Annual Volume of the " KEW BULLETIN for each year, with rates of postage, is as follows : Price (including Postage).
    [Show full text]
  • 22. Tribe ERAGROSTIDEAE Ihl/L^Ä Huameicaozu Chen Shouliang (W-"^ G,), Wu Zhenlan (ß^E^^)
    POACEAE 457 at base, 5-35 cm tall, pubescent. Basal leaf sheaths tough, whit- Enneapogon schimperianus (A. Richard) Renvoize; Pap- ish, enclosing cleistogamous spikelets, finally becoming fi- pophorum aucheri Jaubert & Spach; P. persicum (Boissier) brous; leaf blades usually involute, filiform, 2-12 cm, 1-3 mm Steudel; P. schimperianum Hochstetter ex A. Richard; P. tur- wide, densely pubescent or the abaxial surface with longer comanicum Trautvetter. white soft hairs, finely acuminate. Panicle gray, dense, spike- Perennial. Culms compactly tufted, wiry, erect or genicu- hke, linear to ovate, 1.5-5 x 0.6-1 cm. Spikelets with 3 fiorets, late, 15^5 cm tall, pubescent especially below nodes. Basal 5.5-7 mm; glumes pubescent, 3-9-veined, lower glume 3-3.5 mm, upper glume 4-5 mm; lowest lemma 1.5-2 mm, densely leaf sheaths tough, lacking cleistogamous spikelets, not becom- villous; awns 2-A mm, subequal, ciliate in lower 2/3 of their ing fibrous; leaf blades usually involute, rarely fiat, often di- length; third lemma 0.5-3 mm, reduced to a small tuft of awns. verging at a wide angle from the culm, 3-17 cm, "i-^ mm wide, Anthers 0.3-0.6 mm. PL and &. Aug-Nov. 2« = 36. pubescent, acuminate. Panicle olive-gray or tinged purplish, contracted to spikelike, narrowly oblong, 4•18 x 1-2 cm. Dry hill slopes; 1000-1900 m. Anhui, Hebei, Liaoning, Nei Mon- Spikelets with 3 or 4 florets, 8-14 mm; glumes puberulous, (5-) gol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Yunnan [India, Kazakhstan, 7-9-veined, lower glume 5-10 mm, upper glume 7-11 mm; Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, E Russia; Africa, America, SW Asia].
    [Show full text]