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A Study of the Healing Praxis of Bill Johnson

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A Study of the Healing Praxis of Bill Johnson ON EARTH AS IT IS IN HEAVEN: A STUDY OF THE HEALING PRAXIS OF BILL JOHNSON. By ABIGAIL DELYTH SHUTTLEWORTH A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Theology and Religion College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham August 2015 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This study explores the healing praxis of Bill Johnson as it is outworked in the context of Bethel Church, California. Engaging in practical theology, this study uses the pastoral research cycle to examine and analyse this healing praxis. Drawing on primary source material and empirical research findings, it identifies the central tenets of Johnson’s healing praxis by teasing out the espoused and operant theology. The research findings are brought into dialogue with Randall Collins’ interaction ritual chains theory, as well as with others who have developed Collins’ theory.1 This thesis critiques Johnson’s theology and recommends that he engage more intentionally with academic theology particularly in relation to Christology, soteriology and eschatology. This thesis seeks to modify Johnson’s Christological position through a dialogue with academic kenotic theology. It proposes that Johnson account for the elements of mystery, suffering and disappointment often neglected in his theology. Additionally, this study offers a means of conceptualizing the local and global significance of Bill Johnson and Bethel Church in relation to the healing praxis. It is the first academic study focusing on these subjects and as such provides insight into the local and global phenomenon stemming from Johnson and the Bethel Church community. 1 Including Margaret Poloma, Joel Robbins, Michael Wilkinson and Peter Althouse. Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my parents, Mark and Sarah Lawrence. For who you are and for everything you do, thank you. Acknowledgements The task of producing a thesis, as I have discovered, is no small achievement. It is to date the most challenging undertaking of my life. There are many people to whom I am overwhelmingly grateful and want to honour publicly for their encouragement, wisdom and love. To those at the University of Birmingham who have played a part in this journey, thank you for travelling with me. Dr Mark Cartledge, words cannot do justice to how grateful I am for all you have invested in me. Thank you for shaping my theological journey and mentoring me through this process. Thank you also to the Cartledge family, as a whole, for welcoming me as a friend. I will always remember your kindness and support. Thank you to Dr Andrew Davies for continuing to supervise me for the final stages of my research. Thank you also to the Centre for Pentecostal and Charismatic Studies – it has been a privilege to share in your research journeys and have you share in mine. There are a few others who have been significant in my academic journey. Dave Emmett, thank you for encouraging me to pursue this venture and for always allowing me to borrow your books! Thank you also to Jen Miskov who graciously forged connections and opened doors for me to engage in empirical research as part of this project. During the course of this research project I have been a part of two church communities - I am grateful to my friends at King's Church Manchester and Vinelife Church Manchester for praying for me and cheering me on through every stage. Mum and Dad, my gratitude for who you are and what you've done could form the substance of another thesis! In an attempt to articulate myself, I'll begin by thanking you for always believing in me and being my biggest champions. Thank you for being the first to value my voice. Thank you for bravely allowing me to respond to the prophetic word over my life. Thank you for financially supporting me at every stage - I genuinely could not have done this without you. Mum, thank you also for proofreading this thesis from beginning to end. Nannie and Grandpa, thank you for letting me stay so frequently when I travelled to Birmingham. Thank you for your extravagant kindness, generosity and care. To my sisters and their husbands, Bethan and David, Harriet and Jack - thank you for helping me keep this project in perspective and for keeping me laughing through the process! Louise, thank you for being a wonderful, constant friend in this season. Thank you for being patient with the tears, for reminding me of His promises and for every time you've supplied me with treats! Thank you to my husband, James. Combining the first year of marriage with the final year of my PhD was always going to be a challenge - thank you for rising to it! You have relentlessly supported and loved me so well (even when I'm at my worst) - I am and always will be grateful. To all my other friends who feel like family, thank you for everything you are and for all you've done to get me to this point. Thank you for seeing the value in what I've given myself to. I couldn't have done it without any of you. This PhD is testament to my personal journey as much as it is to my academic one. In the process of studying for and completing this PhD I have discovered what I was born for and what I have been called to. As such, finally, I am grateful to my Abba Father who knew all that was to come in this process and has far greater purpose in this journey than I could imagine. Father, Jesus and Holy Spirit, to be known and loved by you is my greatest prize. Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 An introduction to Bill Johnson & Bethel Church, Redding 1 1.2 On earth as it is in heaven: The healing praxis of Bill Johnson 3 1.3 Overview of research 6 1.4 Original contribution to research area 9 1.5 Method 9 1.6 Chapter outline 10 2. Methodology 14 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Qualitative Research 15 2.3 Practical Theology 19 2.4 Case Study Design 27 2.5 Theory and Philosophical Assumptions 34 2.5.1 Ontology 34 2.5.2 Epistemology 34 2.5.2.1 Theories of truth 37 2.5.3 Axiology 38 2.5.4 Rhetoric 39 2.6 Qualitative Research Methods 40 2.7 Research Ethics 44 2.8 Focus of enquiry 46 2.9 Conclusion 47 3. The History of Bethel Church and its Pastor Bill Johnson 48 3.1 Introduction 48 3.2 The heritage of Bill Johnson 49 3.3 Bill Johnson’s younger years 51 3.4 Before Bethel 55 3.5 The Toronto Blessing 61 3.6 Pastoring Bethel Church 66 3.7 The Assemblies of God 71 3.8 Present day 75 3.9 Conclusion 79 4. Healing Praxis: Theology 81 4.1 Introduction 81 4.2 On earth as it is in heaven 81 4.3 Christology 83 4.3.1 Discussion of Christology 87 4.4 Soteriology 90 4.4.1 Discussion of Soteriology 94 4.5 Eschatology 99 4.5.1 Discussion of Eschatology 101 4.6 Healing theology 104 4.6.1 Origin of sickness 104 4.6.2 It is always God’s will to heal 106 4.6.3 God is always good 110 4.6.4 When healing is not experienced 111 4.6.5 Testimony 117 4.6.6 Wholeness 119 4.7 Conclusion 120 5. Healing Praxis: Practices 122 5.1 Introduction 122 5.2 Healing Rooms 124 5.3 Congregational ministry 133 5.4 Post service prayer 140 5.5 Inner healing and deliverance ministry 145 5.6 Conclusion 146 6. Social Science Analysis: Engaging with Interaction Ritual Chain (IR) theory 148 6.1 Introduction 148 6.1.1 Other applications of IR theory 151 6.2 Interaction Ritual Chain theory 152 6.2.1 IR theory introduction 152 6.2.2 Key contributors to IR theory 152 6.2.3 Randall Collins’ IR theory 155 6.2.3.1 Ingredients and outcomes 155 6.2.3.2 Bodily presence 156 6.2.3.3 Symbols 157 6.2.3.4 Emotional energy 160 6.2.3.5 The market for emotional energy 162 6.2.3.6 Altruism 163 6.2.3.7 Summary 163 6.3 IR theory applied by Joel Robbins: Portable Practices 164 6.4 IR theory applied by Margaret Poloma et al: ‘Godly Love’ 168 6.4.1 ‘Godly Love’ model applied by Candy Gunther Brown: Healing 173 6.5 IR theory applied by Wilkinson and Althouse: Soaking Prayer 178 6.6 IR theory applied to Bethel Church: Healing 181 6.6.1 Randall Collins’ IR theory 182 6.6.1.1 Ingredients and outcomes 182 6.6.1.2 Bodily presence 184 6.6.1.3 Symbols 187 6.6.1.4 Emotional energy 189 6.6.1.5 The market for emotional energy 190 6.6.1.6 Altruism 191 6.6.2 Joel Robbins: Portable Practices 191 6.6.3 Margaret Poloma et al: ‘Godly Love’ 193 6.6.3.1 Candy Gunther Brown: Healing 194 6.6.4 Wilkinson & Althouse: Soaking Prayer 195 6.7 Conclusion 196 7.
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