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A Case Study of the Indonesian Bethel Church's Verbum et Ecclesia ISSN: (Online) 2074-7705, (Print) 1609-9982 Page 1 of 8 Original Research Fruit in the unfruitful season: A case study of the Indonesian Bethel Church’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic Authors: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is similar to the Spanish flu that 1 Fransiskus I. Widjaja occurred 100 years ago. Various media and research institutes have reported different Rubin A. Abraham2 Fredy Simanjuntak3 church-related responses regarding the pandemic, especially in church growth. The Noh I. Boiliu4 pandemic has become a threat associated with fear, stress and frustration and causes Otieli Harefa1 significant health and economic crises. Its impact was inevitable on churches, with a substantial decrease in the level of worshippers. This research aims to assess the impact of Affiliations: 1Graduate School, Faculty of and the church’s responses to the pandemic phenomena in Indonesia. It is a qualitative Theology, Real Theological research with data descriptively analysed. Drawing on the Indonesian Bethel Church (GBI) Seminary, Batam, Indonesia case, the results showed that the Indonesian church has historically experienced various challenges and crises and considers the pandemic an opportunity for the church to show its 2Department of Theology, Faculty of Theology, Kharisma natural character and use this as a moment of spiritual awakening. It is evident that the GBI Theological School, Bandung, considers the pandemic a spiritual-awakening momentum. In these challenging times, the Indonesia GBI experienced an addition of 659 local churches (250 inaugurated and 409 pioneering posts) in response to the Great Commission’s fulfilment. 3Research and Development, Real Theological Seminary, Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This research helps readers Batam, Indonesia determine how the mission report acts as an understanding source of the church ecumenism in response to completing the ‘Great Commission’ of the Lord Jesus beyond the challenges of 4Department of Christian Education, Faculty of the COVID-19 pandemic phenomenon. Education, Christian University Indonesia, Jakarta, Keywords: influenza; Pentecost; practical theology; Indonesian Bethel Church; case study. Indonesia Corresponding author: Fransiskus I. Widjaja, Introduction [email protected] The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic indicates a recurring epidemiological history. In 1918, the entire world was overwhelmed with a viral infection caused Dates: Received: 21 Mar. 2021 by a new influenza virus strain characterised by three waves (Short, Kedzierska & Van de Sandt Accepted: 28 June 2021 2018). This pandemic, the Spanish flu, infected over one-third of the world’s population and Published: 10 Aug. 2021 killed an estimated 50 million people (Johnson & Mueller 2002), with unusually severe clinical How to cite this article: manifestations in previously healthy young adults (Hoffman 2011). However, the aetiological Widjaja, F.I., Abraham, R.A., agent that caused this sickness was unknown (Hildreth 1991). The origin of the Spanish flu has Simanjuntak, F., Boiliu, N.I. & long been debated. Claude Hannoun of France’s Pasteur Institute has posited that the virus Harefa, O., 2021, ‘Fruit in the originated in China, then spread to Boston and Kansas and from there, via troop movements, to unfruitful season: A case study of the Indonesian Bethel Brest, France, and then spread all over the world (Wendorf 2020). But according to the consensus, Church’s response to the the 1918 influenza virus originated in the Midwest of the United States of America (Barry 2004). COVID-19 pandemic’, Verbum The virus then spread throughout the United States and was transferred by American troop ships et Ecclesia 42(1), a2247. https://doi.org/10.4102/ve. to France’s battlefields, from where it gradually spread throughout Europe and the rest of the v42i1.2247 world (Patterson & Pyle 1991). Local transport networks, predominately railways, further facilitated the spread of the virus beyond port cities (Johnson 2006). Copyright: © 2021. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS. This work The 1918 Spanish flu occurred in two waves in Indonesia, known as the Dutch East Indies. is licensed under the According to Chandra (2013), as quoted from the report of the Colonial Department of Health Creative Commons 1920, Burgerlijken Geneeskundigen Dienst, the virus had spread to almost every region in the Dutch Attribution License. East Indies in a short period. The first wave of the disease was found in Pangkatan Port of North Read online: Sumatera from June to September 1918. Experts believe that the source of the virus was workers Scan this QR from Singapore who worked at plantations in Sumatra. In just a few weeks, the Spanish flu had code with your smart phone or reached Tanjung Pandan (Belitung) and Waltevreden (Batavia). The virus was estimated to have mobile device infected 5% of the total population of Surabaya in June alone. The second wave was enormous, to read online. and it took place from October to December 1918. The virus reached further east, and the disease http://www.ve.org.za Open Access Page 2 of 8 Original Research was still found in some areas until January 1919. Ultimately, temporary regulations, including cancellation of many social the disease killed millions of people globally; a conservative activities, prohibition of worship and celebration of the estimate of Indonesia’s mortality was 1.5 million people religious holidays. Furthermore, all significant religious (Chandra 2013). events, including those of Christianity and the prospects of the church, were also influenced by the pandemic’s global Pandemics, like the current COVID-19, bring an array impact. Coincidentally two days before the announcement of of health, economic and social disruptions. The resultant social distancing by the Indonesian president, one of the GBIs devastations render people helpless, and it becomes difficult in West Java held a pastor meeting on 3–5 March 2020, at the to see anything other than fear and evil. Historical studies of Lembang Asri Hotel, West Java. After that event, West the past and the legacies in the present are essential for Java Governor Ridwan Kamil revealed several findings ‘rooting’ people and events. However, no study to the related to the COVID-19 testing. As many as 226 members of authors' knowledge has been conducted on the effects of the the Bethel Church congregation in Bandung City tested pandemic with a focus on Christianity in Indonesia. The aim of positive for COVID-19 (Iqbal 2020). The pastors' meeting this article is to discuss the activities and events of the Indonesian became one of the epicentres of initial transmission of Bethel Church (GBI) – the second largest denomination of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Responding to the Pentecostal/Charismatic with 3.5 million members in Indonesia – pandemic situation, the Chairperson of the GBI Synod, Pastor during the pandemic, and their implications for COVID-19. Rubin Adi Abraham, appealed to the congregation to follow government recommendations. In response to government’s This research was carried out to obtain meaning and regulation on social distancing (Gunawan 2020), the GBI understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic phenomenon in (as one of the dominant churches) stopped all the activities Indonesia. The research method is qualitative and descriptive. starting from 22 March. The data sources were the Bethel Research Center and the GBI’s local churches in Aceh, North Sumatra, Riau and Riau On 02 March 2020, the president of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, Islands-West Sumatra, South Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, announced that two persons, mother and daughter, were the Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara and Papua. first ones to be infected since the pandemic started. This situation was immediately investigated by the Indonesian The COVID-19 pandemic has almost paralysed economic Health ministry (Ihsanuddin 2021). On Sunday, March 22, all activities in Indonesia. Because the government implemented worship places, including churches, were closed (after 548 various policies such as work from home, territorial cases and 48 deaths were recorded). On 23 March, the restrictions and closure of different public places such as president inaugurated Wisma Atlit (the former Asian Games tourist attractions, many companies or offices have been dormitory for Athletes) as the COVID-19 National Hospital forced to close down their operations. Some small-scale (Ihsanuddin 2020). Unfortunately, when this research was entrepreneurs have even retrenched their employees in being carried out in mid-March 2021, one year after COVID-19 anticipation of businesses being closed for an undetermined hit Indonesia, a total of 1 341 314 cases and 36 325 deaths time (Bastomi 2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted had been recorded (RM 2021). in severe economic hardships, such as loss of jobs, difficulty in finding jobs, loss of income, struggles in meeting the needs Apart from the various crises caused by COVID-19, the GBI of daily life and many more (Hanoatubun 2020). According has focussed on the following three essential areas as a to Mahfud (quoted in Bastomi 2020), as a result of the response to the pandemic: deteriorating economic conditions, the effects of COVID-19 were hugely apparent on general law and order. There has 1. Spiritual awakening. been a significant increase in general criminality in some 2. Revitalising faith. areas. As seen from the crime reports of the local authorities, 3. Pandemic as a catalyst for church growth. thefts are on the rise. On the humane side, prejudice and discrimination against people suffering from COVID-19 are A brief history of Christianity in rampant. Prejudice and discrimination are a result of people’s fear of uncertain situations. The COVID-19 pandemic has not Indonesia only resulted in social disorganisation but has also caused Indonesia is a multicultural and multiracial nation. Furthermore, social dysfunction (Bastomi 2020). The COVID-19 pandemic it is multi-religious with high heterogeneity and comprises the has led to a rise in poverty and unemployment rates in former Dutch East Indies and a vast archipelago with 17 000 Indonesia.
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