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The Church in Indonesia

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The Church in Indonesia tianity in Flores and Protestant Christianity in Minahasa, Irian security forces and leadership of the various religious groups [aya or Tapanuli, which modifies the overall picture. It is of themselves. This fact invests with more than ordinary signifi­ considerable significance to all the communions that Indonesia is cance such a study as this of one of the most dynamic, developing not an Islamic but a Pancasila state, that religion is acknowledged religions in Indonesia, despite the fact that it represents only 7 to 8 by all to be a very important factor, that Indonesia is not a secular percent of the population. And because Indonesia is a Pancasila state. state and society, the churches must take with full seriousness the Hence questions of religion, even more so religious tensions economic, political, social and cultural realities of the rapidly or conflicts, are matters of utmost concern to the government, developing environment in which they live and work. The Church in Indonesia 1. What the Christian Church Is prising roughly the final 10 percent. Together they embrace some ten million persons, or 7.79 percent of the population as of the end t is legitimate theologically to speak of the Christian Church in of 1974. Each of these groupings will be described below to give an I Indonesia. But sociologically it consists of churches from the overall picture at the outset. various branches of the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church. We start with the whole. The Catholic Church The Overall Picture Catholic Christianity was the first to reach Indonesia's shores and establish permanent roots, beginning in the 1530s in the Spice The Christian Church in Indonesia is composed of four major Islands. It survived the two and a half centuries of Dutch parts: the Catholic Church embracing around 25 percent of the Protestant-dominated rule until the middle of the nineteenth Christian community, the Protestant churches joined in the century when the Catholic Church began to enjoy equal status and Council of Churches gathering about 52 percent, the Protestant rights in the Netherlands East Indies. The statistical table sum­ churches and missions not part of the council numbering around marizes the development of the church hierarchy and the numeri­ 10 percent and the Pentecostal churches not in the council com- cal growth of the dioceses throughout Indonesia. TABLE 1 STRUCTURE AND SPREAD OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN INDONESIA Church Hierarchy Year Constituted Numerical Growth of the Dioceses" E.P.* A.B.* Dioc.* A.P.* A.V.* Dioc. 19001 19301 1941 1952 1962 1972 19742 I. Jakarta and W. Java JAKARTA + 2 dioc's 1807 1842 19613 6,569 3,825 42,676 52,918 129,039 132,332 II. Central & East Java SEMARANG + 3 dioc's 1940 1961 13,898 42,982 79,939 146,929 372,726 348,283 III. Sumatra MEDAN + 5 dioc's 1941 1961 4,267 27,043 55,929 164,335 377,783 414,071 IV. Southeast Islands ENDE + 6 dioc's 1914 1922 1961 17,799 385,290 570,718 816,061 1,194,510 1,216,146 V. Kalimantan PONTIANAK + 5 dice's 1905 1918 1961 356 10,561 23,600 58,079 135,255 136,382 VI. Sulawesi-Moluccas UJUNGPANDANG + 2 dioc's 1937 1948 1961 7,349 74,022 76,018 118,063 202,928 215,415 VII. Irian [aya MERAUKE + 3 dioc's 1950 1966 31,087 84,797 133,472 139,817 TOTALS 7 33 50,238 242,716 543,723 879,967 1,441,182 2,545,713 ±2,SOO,OOO *E.P. = ecclesiastical province 1) There are no breakdown figures for these years. A.B. = archbishopric 2) Several dioceses had not yet submitted their statistics, so these figures Dioc. = diocese are not complete. A.P. = apostolic prefecture 3) The Hierarchy was established by the Pope for the Catholic Church in A.V. = apostolic vicariate Indonesia on January 3, 1961, so that the earliest date for the establishment of dioceses, from the status of apostolic prefecture or apostolic vicariate, is that year. 4) Taken from The History of the Indonesian Catholic Church (in Indonesia), 1974, Amoldus Publishing House, Ende, Flores, pp. 1580-1581, but condensed. The 660 parishes in 33 dioceses and apostolic prefectures in 7 TABLE 3 ecclesiastical provinces are served by the personnel described in Con- the following table: Baptized grega- Minis- Data TABLE 2 Name Address Members tions ters Year Some Statistics on Catholic Personnel in Indonesia 1. Gospel Tabernacle Jakarta 156,564* 927 209 1971 Christian Church of Indonesia Office Total Indone- Percen- Average Number sians tage Age 2. Salvation Army Bandung 76,460 207 303 1972 1 1 100% incl. in priests Cardinal 3. Baptist Churches Semarang 11,473# 97 83 1973 Archbishop 7 4 57 idem Bishop 31 9 25 idem 4. Seventh-day Ad- Jakarta 50,996 567 281 1974 Priest 1,557* 507 32 45.8 yrs ventist Chris­ Brother 480 268 56 42.5 yrs tian Church Nun 3,784 2,801 74 41.7 yrs 5. Christian Tanjung- 5,865 28 20 1972 TOTAL 5,860 3,590 61.26 Missionary Pandan Fellowship *Consisting of 130 "secular" (8.3%) and 1,427 "religious" (91.7%) priests. 6. Holy Word Malang 2,012 n.a.** n.a. n.a. The statistics in this table are for 1972. Christian Source: The Catholic Church in Indonesia, 1975, published by the Church## Documentation-Information Department, Indonesian Council of Bishops, Jakarta, pp. 45-51. 7. Indonesia Evan- Jakarta n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. gelical Chris­ tian Church The educational ministries of the Catholic Church are carried 8. Evangelical In- Semarang n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. out through 381 kindergartens, 2,823 elementary schools, 610 donesia Chris­ junior high schools, 137 senior high schools and 275 vocational tian Church schools enrolling in 1972 over 720,000 pupils, not including 10 9. Baptist Chris- Jakarta n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. institutions of higher education. About 5 percent of the educa­ tian Church tional institutions in Indonesia were operated by the Catholic Conv.+ Church in 1966. In health ministries in 1975 the Catholic Church 10. Christian Jakarta n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. served through 44 hospitals, 10 auxiliary hospitals, 168 health Fellowship centers, 22 mother and child centers, 12 polyclinics, 75 maternity Church clinics, 99 government hospitals operated by the Catholic Church, and 2 sanitoria. It also serves through relief and development "This figure represents constituency; baptized members number 99,138. projects and various mass media enterprises. Catholic women, #This church too practices adult baptism; total constituency would be youth, students, teachers, priests, nuns and brothers all have their twice as large. own national organizations. ##The Indonesian name is Cereja Kristen Kalam Kudus. **n.a. = not available. The Ministry of Religion had no data on these churches, and it is suspected there is overlapping. +This body may be the same as No.3, i.e., a national church arising out of The next meeting of the International Association for the Southern Baptist Mission effort. Mission Studies will be held at Maryknoll Seminary in Maryknoll, New York, August 21-26, 1978. Twenty provincial or island-wide churches are listed: six in North and West Sumatra, two in South Sumatra, one each in West Java, East Java, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi and the East Such is the Catholic part of the Christian Church in In­ Southeast Province, while two each are found in Irian Jaya and donesia: numerically slightly over 25 percent of the Christian Kalimantan. Nine of these churches for which there are statistics community; institutionally a larger percentage still, both quan­ show 143,031 constituent members, 150 congregations and 87 titatively and qualitatively speaking. ministers. Several of the churches referred to above have developed Protestant Churches and Missions outside the ICC from and still cooperate closely with overseas mission bodies. From data listed in the Mission Handbook (9th, 10th and 11th Detailed, reliable data is much less readily available for the 10 editions, 1970, 1973 and 1976, Missionary Research Libraryl percent of the Christian community found in the Protestant MARC, Monrovia, California, pp. 248, 533-535 and 483-485 re­ churches and mission bodies not yet members of the Indonesia spectively), supplemented by information from the Director Gen­ Council of Churches. Such data as could be secured is presented eral of the Protestant Section of the Department of Religion of the below in summary form. These Protestant churches are of three Republic of Indonesia concerning seventy mission bodies work­ kinds: those possessing a national organization, those limited to a ing in Indonesia in 1975, the following summary and conclusions single island or province and local churches. The third category, can be formulated: having no synod organization, numbers 80 units in the list pro­ 1. Mission agencies working in Indonesia are largely an vided by the Protestant Section of the Department of Religion of American phenomenon-86.8 percent are based in the United the Indonesian Government. The seven for which there are statis­ States. tics show 17,090 members, 84 congregations and 9 ministers. Ten 2. Of the 53 agencies that gave figures for personnel in In­ churches possess a national organization: donesia, 27 or 51 % are mission boards of churches. Twenty-six agencies or 49 % are nonecclesiastical in character, a new large and growing rapidly, but it is limited to the interior of Irian phenomenon for Indonesia. Of the 26, 12 began after 1965 and 12 [aya. And three partner churches of Baptist mission bodies more between 1945 and 1965. Only 2 entered Indonesia before (Southern Baptist, Conservative Baptist and Australian Baptist) 1940.
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