Cen~T Ts of India 1951 West Bengal 1941-1950

PCC.ll. ~ CEN~T_TS OF INDIA 1951

VOL. VI PART lB

VITAL S'" J. 'ATISTI CS WEST BENGAL 1941-1950

BY A. MITRA of the Indian Civil Service, perintendent of Census OpeTations, West Bengal,

and P. G. CHOUDHURY, Assistant Director of Health Services, Vital Statistics, West Bengal.

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•For Hindi Publications only. [co•tiau.ed CHI i•u•er sid• of 1116 btJclt covr.r.] CENSUS OF INDIA 1951

VOL. VI PART 18

VITAL STATISTICS WEST BENGAL 1941-1950

BY A. MITRA of the Indian Civil Service, Superintendent of Census Operations, West Bengal,

and P. G. CHOUDHURY, Assistant Director of Hedth Sen-ices, Vital Statistics, West Bengal.

PmlusBED BT THE MA.'fAGER OF PuJruc.&nOlfS.- Dl:un. ~BY TBI: Gm.'"E~~ OF L'fDIA PREss, CALCUTrA. l!\1114. 1952. CONTENTS

PREFACE' PAGE 1 Preliminary remarks Errors in registration of vital statistics 3 4 Births 4 Deaths Deaths by age, sex and communities 4 Deaths classified by cause of death 5 Death rate from child birth . 8 Health Services of West Bengal 10 Food production 11 Roads 13 Protected water supply 14 Housing in crowded areas 16 Diet 18 Middle class family budget enquiry, 1945-46 20

TABLES

1. Table 1. Actual number of births and deaths annually reported for each sex for the State of West Bengal during the decade 1941-50 21 2. Tables 1.1-1.10. Actual number of births and deaths reported for each sex in the State of West Bengal, division and district during 1941-50 . . 21-26 3. Table 2. Total births 1941-50 for each year by male and female and by district 27 4. Table 3. Births rates-number of births per one thousand of the total population calculated on the population of 1941 for the year 1941-50 and each individual year by male and female and districts . 27 5. Table 4. Births rates-number of births 'per one thousand of the total population calculated on the estimated population on 30th June of each year 1941-50 and for each year specially by male and female, district by district 28 6. Table 5. Female births reported per one thousand male births reported annually in each district 1941-50 and for each year . 28 7. Table 6. Total deaths. 1941-50 and for each year by male and female, by districts . 29 8. Table 7. Death rate-number of deaths per one thousand of the same sex calculated on the population of 1941 for 1941-50 and for each year by male and female and by district 29 9. Table 8. Death rate-number of deaths per one thousand of the same sex calculated on the estimated population :m 30th Juna of each year 1941-50 by male and female and district • 30 10. Table 9. Annual death rate by sex and age groups 1941-50 (deaths reported per one thousand of the same sex and age living at the census of 1941) for 1941-50, for each year by male and female and by age groups . 30 11. Table 10. Female deaths per one thousand male deaths annually in each district 1941-50 and for each year 31 12. Table 11. Number of deaths annually reported for each sex at given age groups 1941-50 for males 31 13. Table 12. Number of deaths annually reported for each sex at given age groups 1941-50 for females 32 14. Table 13. Female deaths per one thousand male deaths annually by selected religions 1941-50 and for each year • • . • . ·• . • • • . • • 33 15. Table 14. Monthly average number of female deaths per one thousand male deaths all religions (Hindu and Muslim) for 1941-50 arranged by the 12 months 33 16. Tables 15.1-15.12. Annual deaths from selected causes, i.e., cholera, fever, siJ'all-pox plague, dysentery, diarrhrea, enteric group of fevers, respiratory diseases other than tuberculosis of lungs, suicide, child birth, malaria, kala-azar, tuberculosis of lungs and snake bites by sex 1941-50 actual deaths reported, year by year and for period 1941-50 by male and female, district by district (12 tables) • • 34-39 17. Tables 16.1-16.12. Annual death rate from selected causes as stated above by sex 1941-50. Reported annual death rate per one thousand of the same ~ex calculated on the population of 1941 for 1941-50 and for each individual year by male and female (12 tables) • 1 • • 40-45 ( 1i )

18. Tables 17.1-17.12. Number of deaths reported from selected t·au~es as state.:! above J: r one thousand deaths from all causes by sex for penod 1941-53 and for each ye_r by male and female, district by d!Strict (12 tables) .

At the instance of the Superintendent oi never sought to be improved, is breaking down Census Operations, West Bengal and Sikkim, the for apathy and lack o{ administrative supervi Assistant Director, Vital Statistics, to the Direc sion. The importance and value of vital statis torate of Health Services, Wesi Bengal, compiled tics for Public Health Departments, to medical sixty tables of which eighteen were principal science and to other social needs are increasingly and fortytwo subsidiary. The tables were realised. In an atmosphere thick with the fumes devised on the subsidiary tables and statemenu of planning the fact that Vital Statistics "define printed in the 1931 and 1921 Reports for thE the problems and measure the results of public Census of Bengal thus making comparisons health work", and form the basis of all intelli possible over a period of forty years (1911-1950). gent programmes js generally admitted, medical The fortytwo supporting tables yield details men and researchers deplore the present state hitherto inaccessible to any but departmental and method of collection, while the uses of a ·workers and crude absolute figures are given as birth or death certificate are becoming far too much as possible, considering how misleading numerous even in the life of the common man. percentages and rates are liable to be of But the determination to improve registration is figures already suspect and often patently lacking. Very few of us even know that a birth spurious. or a death is compulsorily notifiable within eight One can quite pertinently ask, why, then, days of its occurrence, that the law lays down bother to publish figures thaL are incorrect, if penalties for failure to report, that this law is not false, that underestimate several kinds of as old as 1873. This legislation has never had vital occurrences as much as several times the teeth in it. A pilot survey conducted in 1947-48 published figure? Are they intended for make by the Assistant Director, Health Services, Vital belief, whitewash or an apology? Statistics, to the Directorate of Health Services, It will not take the experienced eye more in certain parts of West Bengal recorded wide than a few minutes to discover how untrust spread apathy, even hostility on the part of worthy the crude figures are by themselves, and, physicians and midwives towards registration. indeed this little preface will not attempt to The State Government now propose to introduce conceal the many defects and loopholes. Yet the compulsory issue of birth certificates to all the tables are presented with two objects in school-going children in Primary and Secondary view. Firstly, it seeks to focus public attention Schools and thereby popularise birth and death on the deplorable state of birth and death regis registration. They also propose to fasten the tration in our country. In 1933 L. S. Vaidya responsibility of reporting births and deaths on nathan observed in his Actuarial Report on the physicians and midwives through the Rural Census of India 1931 that " a study of the figures Health Centres, but until the importance of in the Table will show that Delhi, Assam and registration is driven home to the minds of the Bengal are almost in the vanguard of provinces common people through long years of steady that maintain inaccurate vital records a.s the propaganda, physicians and midwives made increases in the population of the decade in legally liable, the chances o{ the idea catching these provinces traced through vital records are on are small. The U. S. Department of Com nearly 64, 61, and 57 per cent. respectively in merce through the U. S. A. Census Bureau defect of the increases revealed by the census issues to every physician a Physician'• Handbook enumeration."• As will be presently stated the on Birth and Death RegistTation which describes position, instead of improving, has deteriorated the duties of physicians and midwives on the even by 1931 standards. filling of certificates of birth and death, the Not that registration of vital occurrences method of their preparation, the importance of. even in countries like Great Britain and the registration, the system of registration, and an U. S. A. is perfect, but whereas in these and International List of causes of Death for ready other countries a ceaseless effort goes on to per reference and as if to interest and invite the fect the machinery by legislation and propa physician to take pride in his work as a contri ganda, the primitive machinery in our country, bution to the Nation, it publishes as an appendix • Census of India, VoL I; Part I ID.dia Report. p. 111. C eight tables and four charts summarising and 5howing the trends of vital occurrences in lhe uon of refugees into West Bengal from Pam tan U. S. A. First prepared in 1910 it was revised and the steady migration into Ca.icutta and other and published in 1939 and given to every practi distric~ fro~ other Indian States and foreign tioner. • A similar booklet, and an imperative countries. DISplaced persons from Pakistan moud in the law's grammar respec~'ng them, numbered 2.11"1,896 inclusive of ·cooch Behar and may induce physicians and midwives to take Y.ithout that district 1,999,154 on 1 1\larch and more active interest. although clear instructions were issued to enu In the second place, the tables, while they merators not to show as displaced infants and are their ov,"ll apology and although the crude children born to displaced parents after their figures they record must be largely fictitious, yet immigration, it is by no means certain that these present a picture consistent Vlrithin their frame instructions were strictly observed. Figures of work, a logic of reality in spite of the figures immigration into West Bengal during the decade being unreal. It will be seen that underregistra cannot be set off against t.:~tal increase so readllv. tions are fairly unilorm and do not take sudden because immigration in the census is judged by leaps and bounds from year to year, and the ~eturn of place of birth and not by date of entry texture of reporting of vital occurrences by mto the State. Thus the figures of immigration causes of death has the virtue of an even tension. that will be eventually published in the Census In the majority of the tables few distinct trends tables will include those that were counted as are noticeable-this corresponds to general and migrants in past censuses and only detailed but expert experience-and insofar as they are so, faulty investigation by age groups may yield a they yield clues to the real state. This achieves partial clue to the figures of migration between the second object, that the tables exhibit ratios, 1941 and 1950. Natural increase is therefore very tensions and relations that correspond to reality, difficult to assess and Statement 1 merely gives while the data are unreal-and therefore do not in absolute figures the exctss of registration of deserve to be summarily dismissed. They give births over deaths by sex and district. But it is food for thought. pertinent to try to assess the natural increase by Population-West Bengal's population in the the exclusion of displaced persons which yields 1951 Census (1 March) stands at 24,810.308. The 2,942,697 less 1,999,154 or 943,543 for West Bengal population in 1941 (1 March) for the same area excluding Cooch Behar, or an increase at the rate was 21,837,295. There has been thus an apparent of 4·51 per cent. for the decade or an annual rate increase of 2,973,013 persons or 13 6 per cent. in of increase of ·46 per cent. The excess of births population over the decade. But in the over deaths numbered 362,105. following discussion, figures of Cooch Behar Errors in registration of vital events-When not having been included in the tables, the popu this figure is compared with the actual increase lation of Cooch Behar is excluded upon which of population over the decade it reveals a defect the population of West Bengal stood at 24,139,150 of about 88 per cent. in the registration of births on 1 .March 1951 and 21,196,453 on 1 March 1941, and deaths. The findings for each district in showing an apparent increase of 2,942,697 or 13 9 Statement 1 will show a similar degree of defect per cent. in population over the decade. This and a very similar ratio. If, howcvei. the t101tal however does not take into account the immigra- of displaced persons i:. considered the defect in

STATEMENT 1 Vital Statistics 1941-51 Variation txct•u (HtfrrPoce IV41·61 olblrtb ucr.. (+) lA:Jhunn It •n Cf'n"ua Ct'DWU aecorllin~ ID Blrtba Jl.•atha ov•r drath( +) dt•lklt(-) v-·r~···nttto~e llloUkla UH llli>l ...... l1141•6U 111-&1-i>U dedcl•ncy (-) of columo Lo culuwa t Ex.,....(+) aod du.rin.a: lnW>r• OYt"r clellclomo:y (-) ce~W~AjiCillod culuw.n 'I 1 z I • 6 • 7 8 II llur>l ...... ~•),73~ %,1Vl,M7 +3Utt.9.J!j 4~1.Hil 37~.~·· + ·~~.=-:t,j +~~1.4•10 11•r•·tt•• l,...,..al7 l,lHh>,~l + ·~ ••- .. ;:& ~77 ,&-Ill :!17,JVd - V,iU7 + :l-t',.-!iY I"~"' ...... ~ l.~"'w.~.t l,aJY.~f,v + ~ll,ti111 31a,ti~• :tt;~.v:J."J + ·~.6~11 - 17,u:n ... ~ ... \1,,_76 ..._ J~l,l7U 47,:.!116 "' .. lllnaf"'l 3,1W.OH7 a,a;,v,u·.,!~ +1~~<~,Ja 771.1H8 + 341<1 ....1;1 ;:.U,:ll~ ;a,ti,:,7 + ltt.I,YJ.-4 b7~· ,...... , l.l71,;:" l.b~.~~'O + 11•l,.:.vt ...... ,... I.410J,ll4•4 l,eu.~; a +I~J,Uf\11 ~U.~J7 :::.; .~iiJ ·~.4JJ +l.I.J,:,o~ 11•1 iJ;::,uw - Vti,oJe ...... J,i""J ••·~>..-.- 1.66V,411U t,6toV,~11fl +11.1~.~111 tSt\.e,l:l~ ... l'UnllLa :£.1ue.-wl :t.a•".c;; +4.•1i,il"O JU.il!l 4:.!7 ,:.!tUI - ~:.!.Ujl .,. !l~.!.a.:7 II~"'' ..,.. 31.i,.... ;M ~a.t1a • ...... I.IH,II~4 + atJ4,ri:!l ~~6.3111 :Wi,li•& - 11.~~7 lUI ,. .. hl~·lal-1 &,64u,.:..to a,; LJ,J.,., f.),:!:!V •:.:v,.,w av.o;,;:i4 + :.i(J,I"'t;.;, -t v~ • l:.!~.;.!r.:. ~3.4··· ;:.:o,.-;s + lJi.O"'" HU,JII:. -t 1:.',1":.:• + ····'''" ,.. "'-· ...... 11..., ··~.~\it J~ ....~ .. , • l'l,;.,;u~ ...... + ~,l"i.SG ='Jl,v:,:J ~J;l.~\.t + lO,.Hi' -t :..:.• ;2 711 ,,,:,,~,.., 7,77d a;d,>GII + 01 •,I'll I }U.j.,~:,!.; "'-t',Oj.u + + 61,11" ·~ ]6:,,:.; .. J,,,,.:n ~:•. ).~f'\ r.•.t:.:v M..Wa..... '"'"'"' . "'4,H.\ "~j .~...... Vd . ..:t•f) + . 71 ,,., 1\ra,cal (U• 4,t>ou,~• ,,~lO<>,ll• II ..,..o~lv., +~ ..:.....u,.:.--~ "'- .... ''·'~) •• .,J .:•,l..t\J,l""" + "'"'t·'~; .... t""'-·uac l·.-.. aw .... , 'Ph75kian'1 llaudlxlok on Birth and Death Registration: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census 1939. Priced U c:ena but available without charge trom the Bureau of the Census. upon rcque~t. 3 registration reduces to 62 per cent. and State- of the primary reporters-the village watchman. ment 2 gives Statement 1 corrected for the -deserted owing to their meagre•pay or recruited numbers of displaced persons for every district in the World War li or removed by_ famine in and for the State. This defect would no doubt 1943, not replaced until after several years, reduce further if an accurate assessment of reasons sufficient to cause a grievous breakdown migrants were possible but even then the defect were it not that the law held a great deal of in registration does not compare unfavourably fear and sanctity for this class of people, the with that of the previous decade (1931-40) which defect in registration cannot be regarded as was 62·3 per cent. Considering that a great many unusual. STATEMENT 2 Errors in Registration of Vital Statistics (without Displaced Population) 1941-51

Natural Dist.riC'ts Celli! US Census Difference Ia Displaced Increase Births Deaths Difference Col. (6) C'ol. 10 In 1941 1951 population population in 19!1·50 1941·30 minus percentage population Coi.(O) to Col. 6

2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9' 10 11 Burdwan 1,890,732 2,191,667 + 300,935 96,105 +204,83(1 421,749 872,214 + 49,535 + 155,2!15 76 Birhlmm 1,048,317 1,066,889 + 18.572 11,783 + 6,789 277,689 287,396 9,707 + 16,4Y6 243 Bankura 1,!!89,640 1,319,259 + 29,619 9,294 + 20,325 315,624 268,935 + 46,689 - 26,364 130 Midnapur 3,190,647 8,359,022 + 1~~,375 33,579 + 134,796 771,046 649,8711 + 121,170 + 13,6'!6 10 Huo~Wy 1,377,729 1,554,320 + 176,591 51,153 +125,43K 808,863 !233,206 + 75,657 + 49,781 40 Howrah . 1,490,304 1,611,373 + 121,069 61,096 + 59,973 244,837 : 257,270 - 12,433 + 72,406 121 2t·Pa.rJZ&Dil8 • 3,669,490 4,609,309 + 939.~19 527,262 +412,557 (168,128 572,090 + 96,038 + 316,519 77 Calc-utta 2,108,891 2,548,677 + 4~~.786 433,228 + 6,558 344,718 427,269 - 82,551 + 89.109 1,359 SadiA 840,:>03 1,144,924 ... sv~.621 426,907 -122,21'6 226,391 237,648 - 11,257 - 111,029 91 Mur.llidabad 1,640,530 1,715,759 + 75,2i9 58,729 + 16,500 429,599 398,734 + 30,865 - 14,365 87 W ~st Dinajpur 583,484 720,573 + 1:!7,089 1,15,510 + 21,579 148,989 140,165 + . 8,824, + 12,705 '59 .lAlpaiJ;!uri 845,702 914,538 + 68,836 98,572 - 29,736 231,953 21& 689 + 16,364 - 46,100 155 ))arjt"eling 376,869 445,260 + 68,891 15,738 + 53,153 105,825 98,050 + 7,775 + 45,878 85 Maida 844,315 1137,58J + 93,263 60,1.98 + 33,067 166,573 140,437 + 25,136 + 7,031 24 ToT.i.L for West Bengal 21,196,453 24,139,150 +2,942,697 1,999,154 +943,543 4,660,984 4,298,879 +862,105 + 681,438 62; (excluding Cooeh Behar) Applying the average rate of increase over the deaths over births continued · in· · Burdwan, decade, and excluding the displaced population, Bankura, Midnapur, 24-Parganas and Maida in the annual increase in population comes to 94,354 1943 and 1944; in Howrah, Nadia, Murshidabad, or 4·5 per mille·. The decade had no dE-arth of J alpaiguri and Darjeeling through 1943, 1944 and Malthusian checks, of which more presently. 1945. In Calcutta excess of deaths over births The ardent Malthusian will be delighted at the chimed in with this trend and swelled the figures poor rate of growth to the curbing of which war, inordinately. Birbhum took the longest time to famine, pestilence, civil commotion and rioting recover ; excess of deaths over births continued and chopping off of the country lent generous till the end of 1947, to recover slightly in 1948 and hands. Table 3 shows the total births by 1949, to relapse again in 1950. Table 1 gives the male and female, district by district, year by year, births and deat.hs annually reported for the State as well as the decennial average for the whole of of West Bengal for 1941-50 and confirms the above West Bengal, while Table 7 correspondingly conclusions. The year 1950 was a year of bad shows the total deaths. The devastating sweep of health and epidemics and in Birbhum, Nadia and the famine will be evident from a comparison of West Dinajpur . deaths exceeded births. 'Births the two tables. Only two districts, Hooghly and gained their peak in 1946,-life asserting itself West Dinajpur, showed a small excess of births over death-to taper off to normal. proportions over deaths in 1943, and Darjeeling showed a · towards 1950, and figures of birth rates at the small excess in . respect of female births. All end of the decade as well as of death rates may other districts went down heavily under the nourish hopes of a small falling rate in both. sickle of death, whereas none of them, except But how far this seemingly reducing birth Calcutta, where a trend of depopulation seems to and death rates are real cannot be assessed be chronic up to the end of 1948, showed signs of with certitude, because on all showing there a decreasing population up to 1942. Between may have been a further fall in efficiency of 1881 and 1890 there was a bad famine and the registration since 1946. The average number of Census Report for 1891 had occasion to observe female births per 1,000 male births was 926·2 for how it took from three to four years to restore 1941-50 and that for deaths waa 918·5, and while 1 the vitality of the worst a!:ccted tracts • A the figures from year to year have fluctuated and similar period was taken after 1943. Births show no definite regular trend it is a matter of touched the lowest mark in almost all ·districts in concern that female deaths per 1,000 male deaths 19H the year immediately after the famine, while touched their peak in 1949 (955·6) for. the decade. they touched the high<>st in 1946. The excess of wh.ile figures for 1944-50 have been much higher • Census of India, 1891. Report Volume, p. 62. than those for 1941-43 (Table 1). BirtJu-The distribution of births by sex, year The remaining districts do not show any notice· and district during 1941-50 is shown in Table 3 able preponderance of male deaths per 1.000 while the birth rates are shown in Tables 4, 5 males over female deaths per 1,000 fe.-;,ales. but and 6. About 466 thousands of births per year just a narrow often doubtful. margin. The pre were the normal experience for the State, 242 ponderance of female deaths per mille females thousands being males and 224 thousands females, over male deaths per mille males has bN'n less thus yielding a birth rate of 24·0 per mille on an than 2 in most districts and years but in Calcutta average in the middle of each year, of which 12·3 was as much as 20·2 in 1950, 18 6 in 1943, 18 in per mille were males and 11·7 were females. 1943, 16·1 in 1944. 15·4 in 1949. H t in 1947. 12·1 There were more males born than females and in 1945, 11·5 in 1941, 11·1 in 1946. 5·5 in 1942 and the rate, 926·2 female births per 1,000 male births, 14·3 as the annual average f(\r Lhe d(-<'ade (<'al for 1941-50 represents more or less the rate for culated on the estimated population at the middle the individual intermediate years. The birth rate of each year). This is 86 per cent. more than the starting at 25·5 in 1941 touched its lowest in 1944 specific death rate for males in Calcutta and the at 17·9 as a result of the Famine, climbed again reason should be investigated. to 24·7 in 1946 to fall off steadily to reach 20·7 The maximum deaths - were registered in per mille in 1950. Before 1943 a birth rate of over Burdwan, Hooghly, Howrah. Calcutta, Maida, 30 per mille of population was recorded by the West Dinajpur and Jalpaiguri in 1944, the year districts of Birbhum (34·2 in 1941 and 34·8 in following the famine. It is possible that deaths 1942), Nadia (32·6 in 1941 and 33·8 in 1942), in these districts had been greater in 1943, and Murshidabad (34·5 in 1941 and 33·0 in 1942), went unregistered. Of these, none except Jalpaigurl (30·7 in 1941 and 30·9 in 1942) and Burdwan and West Dinajpur was a surplus rice Darjeeling (30·1 in 1941), and a birth rate below growing district. Deaths touched their maxi 20 per mille was noticed only in the districts of mum in 1943 in the other districts (Birbhum, Howrah (19·7 in 1941 and 15·7 in 1942), Calcutta Bankura, Midnapur, 24-Parganas. Nadia, and (13·9 in 1941 and 9·4 in 1942) and Maida (17·9 in Murshidabad) all of which were either surplus or 1941 and 14·0 in 1942). The birlh rate imme self-sufficient in food-grains in normal times. diately after the Famine (1944) was lower than Before 1943, death rates above 25 per mille were that in 1941 in almost all districts, and the propor recorded in the districts of Nadia and Darjeeling, tionate fall in the birth rate was maximum in the a death rate above 20 but below 25 per mille in district of Murshidabad (17·9) to be followed by Birbhum, Bankura, Murshidabad and Jalpaiguri, Nadia (19·3), Birbhum (20·6), Darjeeling (20·5) a rate below 20 in the remaining districts, the and Jalpaigurl (21·2). Thus the districts where lowest being Maida. In 1943 all districts showed birth rates were the highest in 1941-42 showed the very high death rates, Nadia recording the maxi greatest relative fall in birth rate in 1944, mum followed by Birbhum and Murshidabad decidedly a greater rate of fall than those districts wher~ the death rate was around 30 per mille. which showed a smaller birth rate in 1941-42. The rise in death rates between 1941 and 1943 Calcutta bas been showing a steadily climbing was maximum in the Nadia district and next in birth rate since 1943, one reason for it possibly Murshidabad where. it is pertinent to note, birth being greater efficiency in registration. rates were the highest before 1943. Following Death.t-Deaths by year, district and sex and the trend for birth rates, it may be obc;erved t?at averages for the decade are given in Tables 7, 8 ·those districts in which the death ratt> was htgh and 9. About 429 thousand deaths per year were in 1941-42 showed a proportionately greater rise the normal experience for the State, 224 thousand in its rate in 1943 than other districts where the being males and 205 thousand females, thus yield death rate was comparatively low before 1943. ing a death rate of 20·3 per mille on an average in Deaths by age and sex and communities the middle of each year. The average specific These are given in Tables 8-15. The force of death rate for males for 1941-50 was 19·4 per mortality was found to be greater among females mille and for females 21·2 per mille. The specific than among males, although the actual number death rate (number of deaths per !.,000 of the of male deaths was more than female deaths. same sex) for females was found to be greater This apparent contradiction may be due to two than that for males for every year of 'the decade causes: the preponderance of males over females in the districts of Burdwan. Hooghly (except in in the State and the steady immigration of_ a 1943) Howrah (except in 1943), 24-Parganas large male population. ~e great~r mortality (ex~pt in 1943), Calcutta, Nadia (except in 1941, among females must be a btg factor m the steady 1942 and 1945). Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling. The decline of the female population of the State, exceptions for 1943 in Hooghly, Howrah and 24- where the gap between the number of males and Parganas may well have been due to defective females has been steadily widening since 1901. ft'gistration of female d('aths in the Famine year. The ratio of female deaths to 1,000 male deaths 5

was an annual average of 918·5 for the decade, but the U is at the age group 10-15 years, the death as has already been noted, female deatrs per 1,000 rate for infants between 0 and 1 being 172·1 for male deaths have been greater in the years males and 156·0 for females, the death rate for 1944-50 than in 1941-43. The greater mortality the age groups of 60 years and above being 84·6 among females than among males,-a circum for males and 94·4 for females. Table 9 will stance contrary to the expectations of a civilised show that infants and children up to 5 -years of country-is itself a grave enough reflexion on the age fell the easiest victims to the 1943 famine, state of its public health and the fact that it has and next came persons aged above 30 years. been worse in the past three years than pre Persons between the ages of 5 and 30 years viously probably indicates how inadequate exist suffered least and fought the Famine best. ing medical and public health measures have Tables 10-12 illustrate and confirm the above been to cope with a sudden influx of over remarks in detail. The districts of Howrah, 2·1 million refugees. 24-Parganas and Calcutta where the hazards of It may be mentioned in passing that in 194S life for males are greater than those for females female deaths exceeded male deaths only in showed a greater number of male deaths than Burdwan, Calcutta, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, West females, although the picture for specific morta Dinajpur and Darjeeling. But in 1944 female lity rates for males and females are necessarily deaths exceeded male deaths in these other dis different. The reproduction age takes a heavy tricts as well as in those of 1943 : Birbhum, toll of women, 1,246 female deaths for every Hooghly, Howrah and 24-Parganas. In Hooghly, 1,000 male deaths in age group· 15-20, and 1,296 Howrah and Calcutta undernourishment and un female deaths per 1,000 male deaths in the age employment may have removed many women group 20-30. The proportion of female deaths who were residents as well as those who had to 1,000 male deaths was an annual average of gathered from other districts .. 918·5 for the decade, but as will be evident from The specific rate of female deaths during the this discussion this average conceals a number decade was higher than that of male deaths in of gaping wounds which cry out for vigorous the age groups of 1-5, 5-10, 15-40 and 60 and social and public health measures. The differ above, while the specific death rate for males ence between male and female deaths greatly were higher than that for females in the age widened in 1943, the famine year, which can be groups 0-1, 10-15 and 40-60 years. This more or . partly explained by the defect in registration of less corresponds to a universal trend but the female deaths at this period. But this difference differences are far more acute than in western narrowed down in later years. In Birbhum countries and absolute figures, even as they are, female deaths per 1,000 male deaths exceeded are depressing. The reasons for the higher 1,000 in 1944 (1,035·2), 1945 (1,028·1), 1946 (1,012·9) specific mortality among females in the age and 1949 (1,015·7), and the' same happened in groups 1-5, 5-10, and 15-40, and 60 and above, not Midnapur in 1948 (1,000·8) and 1949 (1,017·0) and only as an annual average for the decade but it occurred also in Nadia~ 1949 (1,017·0). for each year, may be found in the comparative neglect to which female children below 10 and · Tables 13 and 14 will show that female deaths women above 60 years of age are subject, greater per 1,000 male deaths are lowest among risks attendant on women in the reproductive stage Christians (851·6 for the decade) and highest 15-40. Women enjoy a lower specific mortality among Hindus (922·5) and intermediate for than men only in the age groups 10-15 and 40-60, Muslims (896·3). All. appreciable seasonal varia in the former because nature endows them with tion in the monthly averages of female deaths greater sturdiness in that period as is universally per 1,000 male deaths for all religions during the observed ; in the latter because they have gone decade is noticeable in Table 15, the highest rate through the reproductive stage and are left in being touched in November and the lowest in relative peace and comfort. Also because the June. In November, disease and confinement hazards of life are greater for males in the age strike jointly their hardest while in June the group 40-60 which are increased by the fate of comparative slackness of disease and paucity of the vast majority of males at these ages finding confinements lower the rates. The female death themselves the only breadwinners of their rate per l,OOQ male deaths for Hindus reaches its families and therefore bearing all the attendant peak in November (970·4) while that for Muslims strain and anxiety. Thus, these two groups do touches 979·9; the· trough is reached in June, not indicate any exceptional social attention-or Hindus standing at 894·6 and Muslims a"f 841·5. medical aid, and the overall picture contributes Deaths classified by causes of death-This is to a steady decline of females. where, next to overall defective registration of The specific death rates according to ages births and deaths, we find registration most ·at show the normal U shaped curve. The bottom of fault. Whereas even in 1939 the Bureau of the 1 CENSUS 2 Census of the U.S. A claimed that .. about nine i3 pleasant to note the even texture of the figu~ tenths of all births and an even higher propor for each district over the decade ; they even dis-· tion of deaths which occur yearly in the United play trends. And be it noted that the figur~ States are attended by physicians", it would not are all crude figures and no effort has been made perhaps be an exaggeration to assert that about to graduate them. nine-tenths of all births and an even higher pro portion of deaths in our country are not attended Tables 15 series exhibit deaths due to d1fft>rent by qualified or unqualified midwives or physi causes. The average number of annual dt>aths by cians. ConsequenUy causes of still birth (or an sex due to each major cause during the decade accurate record of it), death of infants at birth. together \\ith their rates and proportion to total maternal and infant mortality have never been deaths is shown in Statement 3. properly investigated in our land except for It will appear that about 54 per cent of total small samples, and diseases causing death at deaths is claimed by Fever, a term which, ages over one year go improperly or fancifully frankly, means lack of diagnosis and perhap& recorded. It will presenUy be seen that in those treatment. 9·1 per cent goes under respiratory districts where medical attention is more easily diseases other than T. B. of the lungs, 6·7 per procurable deaths due to "Fever " have showed cent. under dysentery and diarrhoea, 4 per cent a steady decline. Causes of death are left to under cholera, 2 per cent. under smallpox, 1·7 the fancy of the illiterate village watchman. per cent. under pulmonary tuberculosis, and Even in rural or town hospitals the clinical and under 1 per cent. for other diseases. The magni therapeutic standards are such as would put tude of the problem for the State is thus obvious. under doubt quite a proportion of the declared The annual death rate by principal causes is causes of death. Against such a background it given in Statements 3 and 4.

STATEMENT 3

Average number of Annual Deaths by s~x due to several causes with their Rates and Ptoportion to Total Deaths 1941-50

Dune. &An l'aOPOUIOJf TOTAl. llale l'emale Kale lemale Kale l'•malo

Cbolera. 11,036 8,866 •8 1·0 tO·S U·O U·O r.,.. .. ucludlncllalarta aacl llala-uar M,8tl 611,876 6•8 6·1 l9il·8 200·0 29,•3 8maU·po& 4,161 4,187 •4 •4 lD·O 2tl·7 ~~-~ P~at~ue 7 I -out oOOOll ·03 •01 -o~ DyaeaterJ aad Dlarrb- aacl eaterlc IJ'OUII o>f ,.,.... . U,766 11,1168 1·1 ••• 6!>·8 67•8 66·8 Reeplralorf 4'-otber &baa T, B. orlllll(la . 111,116 11,623 1•7 1·8 86·8 11()-tl Bulrlde 661 6311 •01'1 •1 1·6 2·6 ·~··H• Cblld birth 1,8111 ·• 10·6 7·11 Malaria , 61,1121 60,7n 4·6 6·1 231·7 246·11 ~:l.i. ;, )[ala- 1,888 1168 •1 •1 8·2 4•7 .. T.B.ofla.... , 4,828 1,821 •4 •I 21-C> 12·': I 7·3 8aakebl._ . 871 771 •1 •1 8·11 8·7 a-1 7H•6 7"V·1 771"8

STATEMENT 4 Decennial Death Rates per 1,000 Population in West Bengal 1941-50

DYI"''I~, IHarrhof'a y.,. Cbolon ,...... 8...U·poll &lid Kntertc llalarla J[ala-aaar T. B.<.! Group of Lun~~a rnen

1N1 •7 1·1 •4 1·1 t·O oCJII ·a~ uu • • • • ., 8·6 oOI 1-1 4·0 -o7 •aJ 1t41 1•7 16·1 •I 1·11 7·11 o()9 •3= • • • • o()9 ·16 INt • 1·0 16·1 1·1 1·7 7·• ltll • .. 11·7 1·1 1·1 6·11 •J! ·~3 lfU •6 lOot -I 1·1 •I& • • •·• ·=·•34 IN7 ·6 ll·t •1 1·1 ,.. ·U .... • • • .. 1·1 .. 1·1 ••• •I& ·M 8·7 •1 1·1 •I% ·J1 ·~) .. ••• •:14 ltbO .. 7·7 .. 1·1 S·7 -119 txcept !or two understandably big leaps (in atabrine, pal~drine and quinine that followed the 1943, the !amine year, and 1944, the aftermath) 1943 famine and continued unabated till last year. cholera has remained almost parallel to the base Mention also must be made of the antimosquito at the mean rate of ·6 per mille. So has small campaign conducted by the American, British pox at ·2 with two big leaps in 1944 and 1945 and Indian Armies during World War 11 which (the years following the famine) and two smaller made large tracts of the country pleasanUy habit leaps in 1948 and 1950 (the years of heavy influx able and set up new standards of cleanliness and of displaced persons). So have dysentery and public health (for instance, Raja-bhatkhawa and diarrhoea remained steady at the mean rate of the Duars of J alpaiguri, Salbani and Khargpur in 1·3 (except for 1·9 in 1943 and 1·7 in 1944) and Midnapur, Ramporehat in Birbhum, Dhubulia Kala-azar at the mean rate of ·14 per mille. and Ranaghat in Nadia, Panagarh in Burdwan Malaria shows a slight decline from 1942 with and a number of places in 24-Parganas). The peaks in 1943-46. T. B. of the lungs shows an D.D.T. spraying conducted by the State in 1950 upward trend during the decade. produced notable results and there is a new The districts of Howrah, 24-Parganas, hope everywhere that Malaria is not inevitable. Calcutta, and Nadia recorded an average Malaria was worst in Birbhum, Nadia and annual rate of deaths due to cholera of about Murshidabad, where the annual death rate was 1 per mille, while Burdwan, Birbhum, Bankura, more than 9 per mille. Calcutta showed the Midnapur, Hooghly, Murshidabad, Maida and lowest rate. West Dinajpur showed rates ranging between ·5 There is a very small but steady and notice and 1 per mille. J alpaiguri showed a mean rate able decline in deaths from Respiratory Diseases below ·5 per mille and Darjeeling, the lowest other than T. B. of the Lungs in all districts mean rate of ·1 per mille during the decade. except Malda and West Dinajpur, where they The low rate in Jalpaiguri may be ascribed are surprisingly enough on the increase. This largely to the improved and protected water decline may be due to defective registra:tion or supply in the majority of tea gardens which · to the increased efficiency of dispensaries and cover the district, and that in Darjeeling to a the large number of free beds in A. G., F. R. E., similar reason and the temperate climate. and general hospitals and to a more general use Nowhere else do the rates show the beneficent of sulpha drugs and penicillin among physicians. action of preventive inoculation or improved No marked trend is noticeable in suicides as water-supply. only Howrah and 24-Parganas show large figures. Very similar is the picture presented by small Calcutta, by reason of her being a city, ought pox. It reached peaks in 1944 and 1945 and to show a larger number of suicides but they are again in 1950 for the State as a whole while indi probably masked by other declarations. Deaths vidual districts suffered in no fixed pattern. from snake-bite are almost uniform over the Calcutta and Howrah showed the maximum death State on the basis of number of persons per rate from smallpox (where however public health square mile and were at a level of ·1 per mille, staff per capita are the largest), while Jalpaiguri, not by any means a small figure. Deaths from Darjeeling and Maida recorded the minimum. snake-bite were lowest in Howrah, Calcutta, Dysen,tery and diarrhoea were prevalent in all J alpaiguri and Darjeeling. districts together with respiratory diseases. There is no marked trend of decline and there Happily, plague was confined only to Calcutta fore no sign that the scourge is under control. and Howrah ; in Calcutta it flared up in 1949 but The worst districts for Fever were Birbhum, was quickly brought under control, and public Nadia and Murshidabad while Hooghly, Howrah, health measures were very efficient in tha 24-Parganas and Calcutta were better off. It direction. should be noted that Birbhum, Nadia and Kala-azar was conspicuously low in Bir Murshidabad constitute the central portion of the bhum, Bankura, Midnapur and Howrah. West State where medical and public health conditions Dinajpur was notorious while Darjeeling was are poor. This may account for a large number bad. Deaths from· T. B. of the Lungs were of deaths having been returned as Fever, By highest in Calcutta, the minimum and maximum contrast there is a larger proportion of qualified deaths per 1,000 deaths from all causes, being 47·2 and unqualified medical practice in Hooghly, (1943) and 82·8 (1942) for males respectively, Howrah, 24-Parganas and Calcutta-which are and 50·5 (1943) and 103·6 (1942) for females predominantly urban;-mention of the causes of respectively, the annual averages standing at 58·6 death is naturally more specific in these districts for males and 65·4 per mille deaths for females. thus extricating a large number of deaths from Next in death from T. B. of the Lungs comes the anonymity of Fever. Darjeeling with annual averages of 53·2 for males The decline in Malaria may be ascribed in a and 51·6 per mille deaths for females, while the large measure to the intense dlive of mepacrine, minimum and maximum for males were 42·0 (1946) 2A 8 . and 70 2 (1943) and those for females were 431 his book. Says Frazer " The popul•uon (19U) and 65·2 (19!9). In other districts the (England & \Vales) was giYen at the Census of intensity varied from ·1 to ·6 per mille during 19~1 as 37 ,SS5,2-1:!. In the period of a hundred the decade. years, therefore, the population .of England and A point to note about deaths from Kala-azar Wales had increased from 12 million to more and T. B. of the Lungs is the very noticeably con- than three times that number. Such an increase 5istent small figures of female deaths from these could only have been achieved in the exceptional caust.:s in comparison to male deaths. This can economic and industrial circumstances of this only be explained by the comparatively poor country in the nineteenth century with markets diagnosis of these diseases amongst females than throughout the world clamouring for manu· males. That this is so is amply supported by factured goods, for which food and raw mate figures of deaths from these two causes in rials were received in return. The birth rate Calcutta, where because facilities of treatment was, however, falling rapidly mainly in U1e for males and females ~e almost even, the rate ranks of the middle and upper classes and, of deaths from T. B. of the lungs of females per except amongst the very poor, the Victorian 1,000 deaths from all causes exceeds that of males family of ten or a dozen children was seldom and that for Kala-azar for females is w1thin 1 seen. In the period 1871-75 the birth rate had per mille of that for males. By contrast, deaths reached the peak figure of 35·5, and it began to from these two causes are recorded at much fall rather rapidly after 1890, at a time when the lower figures for females than for males in general standard of living in the community as Darjeeling, and there is a wide margin between a whole had reached its highest point. By the male and female deaths from these two causes quinquennium 1916-20, which included some of in all other districts. the war years, this figure had dropped to 20 1. Death rate from child birth-Death rate from There is little doubt that the rapid decline of the child-birth per 1,000 female death from all causes birth rate after 1890 was due very largely to the during the decade presents a depressing picture. spread of the knowledge of contraceptive For the State figures were highest in 1948 and methods amongst people in the higher income 19-19. In Burdwan the figure mounted steadily groups, and there was an increasing tendency as from 8·5 (1944) to 22·8 (1948) to fall to 16·4 in the years went by for these methods to be 1950, in Birbhum from 5·3 (1944) to 15·6 in 1948 adopted by the better-off skilled workers. Dut to 8·1 in 1950; in Bankura from 7·5 (1944) to the use of contraceptives must be regarded as 17·0 (1946) to fall to 11·9 in 1950; in Midnapur only the means by which, largely, the birth rate from 89 (1943) to 22·8 (1946) to fall to 19·4 in was reduced, and the desire for smaller families, 1950 ; in Hooghly from 14·2 (1945) to 24·2 (1948) a social phenomenon of great consequence in the and 18·1 in 1950 ; in Howrah it varied between twentieth century, can be traced to a number of 9 9 and 13 8 between 1943 and 1949 and stood at causes, including the emancipation of women 63 in 1950. In 2-1-Parganas the figure was 8·1 in and the general demand for more luxury and 19H and steadily climbed to 19·3 in 1949 and more comfortable conditions of living. The dropped to 14·8 in 1950. In Calcutta it climbed birth rate rose again in 1920 and 1921 as a 1·esult from 1·6 in 1943 to 17·6 in 1949 and fell to 12·1 in of the demobilisation of the armed forces, but 1950. In Nadia it rose from 4·2 (1943) to 23·1 later in the decade the tendency towards a (1948) and dropped to 13·8 in 1950, in Murshidabad decline in the annual number of births re· from 3 6 in 1943 to 16·5 in 1948 and 12·2 in 1950 ; asserted itself, and in the period 1926-30 the rate in .Maida from 1()-4 in 1944 to 22·9 in 1949 and had dropped to 16·7. 13·7 in 1950; in West Dinajpur from 22·9 in 1944 "The declining birth rate was, however, to 45 5 in 1949 to 29·1 in 1950; in Jalpaiguri from masked by an almost equal reduction in the 29 5 in 19H to 73·2 in 1942 to 56·2 in 1950 ; in death rate, which in the period 1916-20 had Darjeeling from 18·5 in 1943 to 33·6 in 1949 to declined to the figure of 14·4. Until the end of 16 2 in 1950. The steep tise from 1943-44 to 1949 the nineteenth century the infantile mortality may have been due to improved registrati~n rate had remained obstinately at or near 150 but while it is not clear to which cause the fall 1n after 1900 a highly welcome decline took place. 1950 is to be ascribed. The average annual in· In the period 1901-05 this figure had dropped to fantile mortality for the decade, it may be re 138 in 1911-15 to 110, and in the quinquennium called, was 172·1 for males and 156·0 for females. 1916-20 to 90. The reduction of the infantile mortality rate to the latter figure meant that, • • as compared v.rith the nineteenth century, the • lives of 60 infants, out of each 1,000 born, In 1950 W. M. Frazer published 'A History were being saved each year•. ~nd t~is was a of Engl&.Yh Public Health 1834-1939' and the substantial offset to a dechrung bl.l'th rate. following information bas been extr3cted from (Pp. 35-1-5.) " So ended the last of the cholera outbreaks through the net of the Port sanitary authorities. in this country (1893). No outbreaks of cholera (P. 370.) occurred in this country between the years 1866 " The more important of the facts about the and 1893. For that occurring in 1831-2 there are transmission of plague were established by the no mortality statistics available. In the epide Indian Plague Commission. As a prophylactic, mic of 1848-9 there were 54,398 deaths, in 1853-4, Haffkine's vaccine has been used in areas subject 24,516 deaths, in 1866, 14,378 deaths and in 1893, to plague epidemics with some success. Plague 135." (P. 168.) . was last seen in epidemic form in this country " This epidemic (smallpox, 1870-3), which in 1665-6 . o 0 Careful precautions are taken at occurred throughout England from the end of the ports to destroy rats on ships by fumigation. 1870 to the close of the second quarter in 1873, (Pp. 269-70.) was part of a world-diffused pandemic. From the last quarter of 1870 to the end of the first " By the second decade of the twentieth quarter in 1873 when_ the outbreak terminated, century the main infectious diseases which had the number of deaths from smallpox in England so much affected the mortality rates during the was 44,079 out of which 10,287 were contributed previous hundred years had been almost, i~ not by London. In the London Smallpox and Vac entirely, stamped out. Apart from occas10~al cination Hospital the case-mortality rates for the imported cases, typhus, cholera and relapsmg years 1870 and 1871 were, respectively, 66·2 and fever had disappeared with the abolition of the 77 per cent. in unvaccinated persons; and, in the conditions which favo:ured their spread, and the two years combined, the rate amongst the vac enteric group of diseases was decidedly less cinated was 15 per cent. Dr. Seaton, who com troublesome than before. In 1911 13,852 cases piled this report for the Local Government of these diseases were notified, in 1914 8,778, and Board, emphasizes that, in spite of the severity in 1916 5,564. (P. 364.) of the smallpox outbreak of 1870-3, the country "The value of publicity and of directing at had been saved from something very much tention to the exact cause of maternal deaths, worse by the system of vaccination which had instead of to generalities, was shown in what has been in force for 30 years ; and he observes that come to be known as the "Rochdale experiment" the mortality of this epidemic, alarming as it which was begun in 1931. For the preceding ten had been, had not approached what was the usual years Rochdale had the unenviable- distinction annual smallpox mortality of the Kingdom at of h~ving the highest Maternal Mortality rate the time when vaccination was unknown. ' The in the country. Dr. Andrew Topping who be average annual smallpox death rate of the metro came Medical Officer of Health in 1930 estab polis in the pre-vaccine period was from 400 to lished the fact that the great majority of deaths 500 per hundred thousand of population ; the were due to absence of adequate antenatal care mean annual death rate of this epidemic was and to unnecessary interference in labour on the 148, having in 1871 been 243 and in 1872, 54.' part of doctors, and not occult rickets, ' women · (Pp. 169-70.) The total notifications of smallpox working in the mills ', smokeladen atmosphere, in London from the beginning of the epidemic etc., which had been advanced as causes. Frank (November 1901) to the end of March, 1902, exposure of the real causes by public lectures amounted to over 6,000. (In Liverpool) the out and in · the local press, extension and improve break lasted until December, 1903, and caused ment of antenatal and domiciliary midwifery much suffering, d:uring the course of which 2,278 services, together with cooperation from general persons were found to be suffering from the. practitioners, brought the rate down to well disease. (Pp. 289-90.) What was noteworthy below average within 18 months and it has re about this epidemic was that it had died down mained at a con;1paratively low level since then. completely by the end of 1906, and had scarcely (P. 418.) . left a trace behind it. From the end of 1906 up to the present day, the amount of severe small "Another favourable factor was the mortality pox (Variola Major) in any period has been very rate from tuberculosis (all forms) which, in the small, and such outbreaks as have occurred were period 1916-20, had fallen to 1·4 per thousand of mainly due to imported cases which had escaped the population." (P. 355.) 10

.. Is it the pig that makes the uye or the stye the pig! " -Report of the Royal Commission on the Housing of the Working classes, 1885 (quoted by W. M. Frazer in A HutorJI ol English Public Health).

Health Services ol Wen Bengal-A casual atmospheric impurities produced by decomposing' observer or even a critic of the Health Services of animal and vegetable substances by damp and West Bengal will admit the considerable achieve filth and close and overcrowded dwellings prevail · ments of the Department of Public Health since amongst the 'population in every pa'"t of the 1947 in the reorganisation of health services, Kingdom, whether dwelling in separate houses, improvement of rural water supply, inoculations in rural villages, in small towns, in the larger and vaccination, the increase in the number of towns-as they have beeJi found to prevail in the: mobile medical units, sanitary and health staff, lowest districts of the metropolis. ' improved supply of medicines to itinerant health "That such disease, wherever its attacks are visitors, dispensaries and hospitals. A bold step frequent, is always found in connexion with the has been taken in the building up of rural health physical circumstances above specified, and that centres, in unions and thanas, in the rapid ex where those circumstances are removed by drai~ pansion of hospital beds throughout W £st Bengal, age, proper cleansing, better ventilation and other in an improved supply of women health visitors means of diminishing atmospheric impurity, the and midwives. The major hospitals in Calcutta frequency and intensity of such disease is and district towns have received beneficent abated; and where the removal of the noxious attention and not a few of them have been en agencies appears to be complete, such disease larged and more fully staffed. The Govern almost entirely disappears". ment recently has created a number of new muni " That the formation of all habits of clean cipalities thus bringing their population within liness is obstructed by defective supplies of the ambit of municipal amenities. water". All this ought to have reflected a substantial "That the annual loss of life from filth and improvement of vital statistics figures were it bad ventilation is gteater than the loss from death not for the serious problems of sanitation and or wounds in any wars in which the c'luntry has public health created by a sudden influx of 2·12 been engaged in modem times ". million displaced persons from East Rcngal the · "That the ravages of epidemics and other majority of whom had to be huddled into make diseases do not diminish but tend to increase the shift camps of canvas and bamboo. 'l'he effect pressure of population ". has also been masked by the general conditions of .. That in the districts where the mortality is living which show no signs of improvement, but the greatest the births are not only sufficient· to rather of deterioration. This section will briefly replace the numbers removed by death, but to deal with the background of the Vital Statistics add to the population". discussed above and will make the question, quoted above, which a Royal Commission in Eng " That the younger population, bred under land put to itseU in 1885, appear fraught with the noxious physical agencies, is inferior in physi deepest of meaning. cal organisation and general health to a popula tion preserved from the presence of such In 1842 Edwin Chadwick submitted his Report of an Enquiry into the Sanitary Condition of the agencies". Labouring Population of Great Britain and made "'that these adverse circumstances tend to the following observations (pp. • 369-71 of the produce an adult population shortlived, impro Synoptical Volume quoted by W. M. Frazer in A vident, reckless, and intemperate, and with Huto'tl ot Engluh Public Health pp. 18-19' which habitual avidity for sensual gratiJications ". apply with particular force and .poignancy to "That the primary and most important present conditions in our country and put the measures and, at the same time, the most practi finger on our malady. These points had of course cable, and within the recognised province of been made earlier by Malthus, but whereas public administration, are drainage, the removal Malthus's dissertation was wholly gloomy, of all refuse of habitations, streets and roads and Chadwick's language betrays great determination the improvement of the supplies of water". to alter the state of affairs that he had found the .. That the expense of public drainage, of country in: supplies of water laid on in houses, and of means .. That the various forms of epidemic, endemic of improved cleansinJ would be a pecuniary and other disease caused, or auravated, or ~ gain, by diminishing the existing charges attend pagated chie1ly amonpt the labourinl classes by ant on sickness and premature mortality". u

With these observations as a background a tion of statistics will be fragmentary yet sufficient series of official statistics will be quoted, with the to indicate the magnitude of the task. minimum of comment, to illustrate the state of (a) Food Production (a) food-production, (b) roads, (c) protected watLr-supply, (d) housing in crowded o.reas and Statement 5 below is quoted from· page 11 (e) diet of the majority of our population. The of Prospectus for Agriculture in West Bengal statistics auoted are all of recent compilation (Government of West Bengal 1949) and gives and officiaf and are intended to place the tasks of the geographical distribution of principal crops the Government in the Department of Public and Statement 6 from page 12 of the same Health in a correct perspective. The presenta- pamphlet.

STATEMENT 5 Geographical Distribution of Principal Crops (Area in 1,000 acres)

Name of District Paddy Pulses Oilseed Sugar-cane

24-Parganas 1,445 ll4 8 2 Nadia . • 530 174 13 7 1\IUJ'Rhidabad 785 280 13 12 Midnapur 1,854 98 12 4 Ban.kura 688 12 34 2 Howrab 206 36 1 Burdwan 1,023 47 2 9 Birbbum 735 49 2 8 Hooghly 467 30 1 3 Maida. • 487 45 25 2 West Dinajpur 611 16 34 2 Jalpaiguri • 426 7 34 2 Darjeeling • 63 3 9,320 908 150 54

Name of District Wheat Potato Jute Other vegeta bfee

24-Parganaa 5 35 82 Nadia . • 9 I 26 140 Murshidabad 42 6 33 83 lllidnapur' . '\ . 2 10 9 102 Bankura 11 3 49 Howrah 6 4 12 Burdwan 7 15 5 37 Birbhum 11 5 13 Hooghly 1 29 ' 28 22 llfalda . . 11 1 23 180 We8t Dinajpur 3 3 16 29 Jalpaiguri • 2 6 23 16 DMjeeling • 1 2 2 12 100 92 204 776 STATEMENT 6 Comparative yields of Rice, Wheat and Sugar-cane per acre in different countries and provinces.

Countries and Provinces Yields per acre Countries and Provinces Yi~ld.; per acre (in lb., 1924-33) (in ib., 1924-33)

Italy Rice 2,903 Europe . Wheat 1,146 Canada Japan . . . a72 .. 2,278 United States of America " 846 Argentina .. Egypt 2,153 780 .. Australia . " 714 United States of America .. 1,469 India .. 836 Bihar and Orissa .. 882 Siam 943 United Provinces .. 786 Punjab .. 738 India '128 West Bengal 738 Sind West Bengal .. 593 n 998 Central Provinces .. 444 STATEMENT 6---roncld.

Y ielda per acre ProTincee (in lb.)

Central~ Sagarc'UW (raw •gar) Bombay • • nihar. • A.7S! on-. Pomjab ( l'nngal.

STATEMENT 7 Comparative Table of Farming Unit.t Number of Province AvPr&~o!r .iae acres per Country nf hnldinjla cultivau (in &cn-tl)

Bombay • 12·2 England and Wales 6:!·00 Punjab (nndi'l'ided) 9·2 Germany 2H.O Madras. • • 4·9 France :?fl·:?."i Bihar and OrieM • 3·1 J>t.nmark 44Hl0 .BongaJ ( undirided) 3-1 Belgium 1H>O A..&m • • • 3·0 U. 8. A. 14S-tl0 Central Proviocee • 8·5 Holland 26·00

STATEMENT 8 Distribution of acreage held by a family

AYer&~re P•• Alf'r. o• •£JOLDB wna area lleld perfamUy (llloiiCinlll) Leutbaa 2-1 8-4 4-6 6-10 Above 10 I acrea acrea - acf'f'• acrt"' Jlanlnlra 8•17 63·7 8·11 7•8 -4·11 14·8 10'8 1\lrl•bam 4•M 16·1 10·1 7·4 8•6 111•2 "'2 Bard ..... 6•88 28•8 10•11 8·11 10•8 24HI l~·f'l l'lnatru• 8•38 24·2 8•11 11·1 10•2 21\·8 n·o Bouchly. 8•74 82·4 13•1 13·0 10·11 lt\•8 10•2 u-r•b. 8•63 63•2 14·8 6•1 4·6 17•6 5•4 Jalpet....t• 8•78 6·3 8·0 10·11 18·4 33•2 20•4 )I aida • • 8•84 64·2 7·8 8•4 8·11 16•11 6·!1 4•23 38·2 18•1 10•11 10•6 17•8 6·i =~!:r.:':....S 4·80 88•8 10·1 11·8 7•6 16•11 1·i ~ ...... 4·88 18•8 11•8 10·8 10·1 20•8 1 l-11 U·Pa,.aaaa 4·33 6e•ll 10·7 8•8 4•7 10•11 7·2 • .,ll(llrM ror pre-Partition dlotrlct.a. l'rom Ule ~port of Laud Revenue Commloalon, 11140, Volume II, pagee 114·11. Statement 9, quoted from page 14 of the same different categories of livestock in various parts pamphlet, gives the comparative efbciency of of the world.

STATEMENT 9 Comparative efliciency of diJ!ereni categories of livestock in various parts of the world AP~XDIATJI Alfli'UAL 111LK Yli!LD APPBOXJJUT. AlflfUAL •oo Ilf LBS. P.B R•.t.D OP Alf111AL rBODUCTIOlf l'KB BIRD C'ow Butralo Goat Fowl Duck A-m 1708 430• 80§ 41t 39t Bihar 8 340§ 60t I Jot on- . . ·} 44~ 1,770 { 200§ 60t 127t C.n t.ral Pro'riuce 500• 7008 JIO§ 4Rt ROt Uait.d Pro....U.O. soo• 1,000• 125§ 70t 10flt Punjab . 1,400• 2,1608 440§ Mt IIHt f'ind . 1.ooo• 1,500• 231\f Mt 40t Bombay. 500• 885• ll5f 60t ).",(tf Weoo&Bonpl . 420 • 960 110 36 i.~ Burma . 381§ 488f 600§ 40t !'l(lt Do-n mark 7 ,000§ 120t 11.1-llt .O..l~tiaa • . . 6,AA9f Enl(laod a~~d w.- . 6,671)§ 1:?0t !'•• z..alaod • 5.118§ .Japd l>JI6H 1!!9·6t l3

Statement 10, quoted from page 15 of the same Supply at Calcutta market From within the Province • 555 maunds daily. pamphlet, gives the fish position in West Bengal. From other parts of the 295 maunds daily. Fish is the only considerable animal protein, as Indian Dominion. will be presently seen, consumed by West Bengal. From Eastern Pakistan • 1,650 maunds daily. Total supply 2,500 maunds daily. STATEMENT 10 Fish Position in West Bengal (b) Roads • Requirement of fish in West 32,000 maunds daily. Roads wield their influence in a thousand Bengal. Average production of fresh fish 2,000 maunds daily. different ways. For our purpose, they help to in West Bengal. · distribute food and other consumer goods through Production of dry fish 10,000 mds. annually. out the land and reach out sanitary and medical (=50,000 maunds of help wherever it is needed or wherever an fresh fish). • Requirement at Calcutta 6,800 maunds daily. epidemic breaks out. • On the basis of 2 oz. per day per adult unit of the We are badly handicapped for roads. State total population of 25·0 million for the Province and ment 11, taken from page 16 of the same 5·0 million for Calcutta. Figures furnished by the Fisheries Section of the pamphlet, gives a picture of Road Communi Directorate of Agriculture, West Bengal. cation in West Bengal (1939-40).

STATEMENT 11

Road Communication in West Bengal (1939-40) ' Length of Metalled Unmetalled metalled District roads in roads in Total roads per miles• miles• 100 square miles 1 24-Parganas . ' 366·3 5,154·0 5,520·3 6·1 2 Nadiat . 122·5 6,446·3 6,568·8 4·2 3 llfurshidabad • 73·6 4,515·7 4,589·3 3·6 4 Burdwan 525·0 3,831·3 4,356·3 19·4 5 Birbhum 296·8 3,237·0 3,533·8 17·0 6 Bankura 508·9 2,371·5 2,880·4 19·2 7 Midnapur 622·4 2,000·0 2,622·4 11·8 8 Hooghly 181·2 2,365·8 2,547·0 15·0 9 Howrah . 173·8 1,973·5 2,147·3 3H 10 J alpaiguri t 373·5 1,183·9 1,557·4 12·2 11 Darjeeling 260·3 438·8 699·1 21-7 12 Maida t 39·7 1,433·5 1,474·2 2·0 13 Dinajpur t 54·3 4,251·7 4,306·0 1·4 14 U.S.A.§ 100 16 U.K.§ . 200 •From the statement of the Commnulcations and Works Department for the year 1939-,0. ttllffire& relate to pre-Partition districts. l~'rom "A Plan of Economic Development for India (Bombay Plan)" pnbllsbed In 1944. Statement 12, taken from page 12 of P.oad surfaced and unsurfaced in the Different States of Problems of West Bengal (Governm~nt of West India. Bengal 1950) gives the Mileage of Existing Roads, STATEMENT 12 . Mileage of Existing Roads, surfaced and unsurfaced, in the different States in IndUJ. • Area. in Population Total Road mileage Road mileage State sqnare in mileage per 1,000 per sq. miles . thousands of · mile of population area Wt"St JX.ngal (including Cooch Behar) 21,862 12,154 0·56 o-41 Madras (including States merged) • • 127,610 49,825 38,540 0·77 &30 Bombay (including Baroda and Kolhapur) • 122,732 29,114 27,765 0·95 &23 U.P. 106,247 55,021 31,986 o-58. 0·3() Bihar • • • • • • 69,746 36,340 31,496 o-n 0·45 C. P. and Berar (including States merged) • 130,451 20,648 12,427 o-60 Q-10 East Punjab (including States merged) 37,447 12,698 10,636 o-84 Q-28 Assam • • • • 50,210 7,404 10,975 .. 1-48 o-u Orissa (including States merged) . 60,507 13,975 10,789 o-77 &18 •S,>nr<"e : Bask Road StaUatl

It will be seen from the above table that West the supply complete and unh·ersal to o.H persons Bengal, v.ith her mean density of poP\4Iation v.ithin the limits ·of the town and a goodly frac nearly three times that of In&a as a whole, has tion never enjoy protected water even for drink only 0 56 mile of roads per 1,000 of her popula ing. There is &!so a general prejudice in favour tion. This is the lowest of the States in India and of collecting drinking water from ponds as well compares unfavourably with the figure for India as flowing rivers (most of which reduce to as a whole (O·i5). West Bengal, however, com stagnant pools in summer) even when protected pares a little favourably with the other States in water is to be had on tap, a prejudice which dies the length of such road mileage per square mile hard especially in those towns which bank the of area, which is nearly 0·41 to the square mile sac~ed riv~r ~hagirathi (Hooghly). This pre lor West Bengal as against 0·19 for India as a judice, ordmarily unobserved, is particularly noti whole. Only Bihar has a hi&her distribution ceable when a cholera epidemic is about in a with 0·4S. tovm blessed ·with filtered water supply and a It is unnecessary to hold forth on the many district officer nearly exhausts all the prohibitory handicaps from which a land is liable to suffer arrows in his quiver to fight it but which refuses that is not endowed with good roads, and on bad to take defeat. Protected water supply is practi roads (and consequently improper and insufficient cally no~xistent in non-urban areas in spite of drainage) public health measures or improve the many thousands of tube-wells sunk by the ments become one of the first casualties. Government and local bodies for the simple reason that the tube-well head and mouth are not (c) Protected Water-supply free from contamination. Out of a total of 6·2 Statement 13 in two parts A and B gives the millions of urban population in the State only 4·6 state of protected water-supply in the country. millions live in localities where a system of pro This does . not give the whole or correct tected water-supply exists and if Calcutta were picture because tube-wells frequently go out to be taken as a criterion it would not be a wide of ~pair and as will be presently discussed guess to say that only about 3·5 millions really in the section below even where there is an enjoy a restricted (and not plentiful) supply of appearance of a good protected supply, on protected water throughout the year. This tap, large settlements go without the benefit supply however goes mainly for drinking and of it and it is the sum of experience of the bathing, while washing of clothes, crockery and writer who has been to all towns in West Bengal, utensils,-fruitful vehicles of contamination and that in none of them, not excludini the cities, is contagion-are still washed in unprotected water.

STATEMENT 13 Part A Protected Water Supply in urban localities in West Bengal in 1945 and 1949 (other than Calcutta City) l!MI 1860 ___....., ...... 11-oiMIIIIIolJ*ItJ • Aftr&llo ~...... llo. ArM Dellp...S Appruxlmate A•erap dally.,.pp.:t .&p~lmate A•n•r• dally oapvlf eerYed eapaclty ll"pulat.loll dallyaopp!J per·bead populattoa dallyouppiJ pott·hnd o (oq.lllll•) Gfworu aern4 Ill I&IIODI populatloa aenecl Ill I&Uooe rmpalotlf>ll Ill laiiODio lli&IIOILI l • I • I • 7 • 0 10 I ...... 1·10 701,080 60,IIOe IM,llO 7•06 71,008 "8.6118 1·10 • pl101111 dally. ~. 1-11 160.100 a.ase 168,8111 I·N 22,830 200,3611 1·77 • • lall01111 .. Ubours. 6-.11. t-ot 1M.toO a,lei toi,80e 1·60 CI,DOI l·iO • . laiiOIUIIa -.ooo Ullann. l:alu ..81 10.000 60.000 t-oo 16,000 410.000 •·oo •I llart . 1·16 n.ooo 77,061 1·41 10.00"10 ]OO.totl i·OS liiMhn 1•60 1'8!.1100 ...1117 w,aua ••••• 7 236,1!00 1>00 • pl1011a daOJ. •••• 1D4Mpv t-oo 1!>0.000 U,171 111.011 11·01 10,000 667,641 , ..1 ..&110M ' la1oMan. • I-GO ..._T76.1!Cl0 •••081 110,811 ..... tl,ell te0,811 ) .... ·~· ~~~- I 11_..... I-ll lt.OO'O 141.!%. IO,f)f)O) ·~·.7~ .... l•tO :t.\.071 1311.6111 tt·••U·U 27.871 4'111,018 li·M ..ll . 11)131 P.OS a...I"'MMr~~--- J..a 11,8-U .US.Ill

STATEMENT 13-concld. Part A

11145 111411

Serial l!f ame of llunlolpalltr ~------~------~~------~~------~Average A 'nrat!8 l!fo.· Area Designed Appro:~lmate AVft'&ge dallyeupply Appro:~lmate Average daUyaupply oerved e&J*lity population daily supply per-bead of population dally supply .,._bead of (sq. miles) ofworka oerved In gaUona population aerved In gaUoua population In gaUona In aaUo1111 ll I • 6 • 7 8 • 10 17 Boutb Bubarbaa 3·70 25,200 61,222 2·03 40,000 1•07 18 Boutb Dum Dum 6•98 62,200 111 North Dum Dum 7·00 960 20 DumDum • • 0·90 11,718 21 Baraoagar-:Kamarbatl 8•60 100,000 e"9a,422 200,000 1,008,410 22 Bhatpara 6•00 100,000 1,077,164 160,000 1,a9,2711 28 Tll.afllarb • • 1•60 i7,'16 1,1142,160 67,t16 1,907,820 24 Barrackpore • • • 4.·60 86,4H 26 Barnol

18,182,217 <

Part B ' Rural Water Supply in West Bengal in 1950

No. of Name of Distriot Ring wella and masoJU'y welD New·Sllilk Re.Sllilk Repaired 1 2 3 ' 6

Burdwan 29 112 4,936 Birbhum . 20 M.W. 23 23 1,402 &nkw-. 4 R.C.C. 7 4 480 Midnapur 2l\LW. 169 73 6,076 Hooghly 7 70 3,450 Horw&h 23 40 4,624 24-Parganu ULW. 63 35 9,239 Nadia. 38 32 2,736 57 (Jet wuhing system) Murshidabad 51 25 8,625 Maida. • 17 717 We-'Diuajpur 30 32 1,241 J alpaiguri • 11 31 4 280 Darjeeling •

TMAL,. 1950 481 450 43,763

}'roq 1~7 t.o 1950 • 138" 2,063 3.0U 135,291 3A 16

(d) UousinJ 1D crowded areas .. About 11·3 per cent. of the total bustccs of Not\\;thstanding the lack of drainage, Calcutta and 12 per cent. of those of Hov•nh have sewerage, ventilation in mudhouses, and plan been surveyed. Only 12 per cent. of the resident ning in villages, the comparative at-sence of families in the bustees of Calcut~ are lessees congestion in the rural areas make them and the rest are tenants ; 2-1·6 per cent. of the still healthier places to live in than noxious total lessees do not live in the bustee. At and crowded urban areas. It is not however Howrah the respective percentai:eS are 12 3 and suggested that rural areas are less unhealthy, 11·5. The majority of the tenements are one only that they are less noxious and foul of roomed, the percentage for Calcutta being 93·3 atmosphere than urban areas. This is perhaps and that for Ho\\Tah 97·6. Only 31·2 per cent. of a reason why in spite of all fruitful con· the lessees at Calcutta bustees have registered ditions of every kind of epidemic prevailing, the documents in support of their claims, the figure toll taken by epidemics, though appalling by for Howrah is slightly higher, being 40. No case civilised standards, is not really so m the pri· of eviction of lessees was found at Ho\\Tah but mitive setting by which its extent ought to be the lessees at Calcutta are not so fortunate, 3 per assessed. The sun, personal cleanliness and cent. have been already evicted and slightly hygiene among the people, and the universal habit more than 5 per cent. have been threatened with of bathing must account for a great many lives eviction notices, etc. Among the tenants of the that are claimed from disease and death while bustees of Calcutta 32 per cent. are non-Bcngalces improvement in public measures must also come while 16·6 per cent. come from East Bengal. But for its due share of praise. at Howrah 80·2 per cent. of the tenants of the The strength of a chain lies in its weakest link bustees are non-Bengalees and only 1·2 per cent. and the efficiency of public health measures must hail from East Bengal. On an average, a lessee be judged from the condition that obtains in very of a Calcutta bustee enjoys 62·5 per cent. and crowded areas. a tenant enjoys 26·6 per cent. more floor space than those of a Howrah bustee. The average In 1949 the State Statistical Bureau published monthly income of a lessee of Calcutta is more a • Report on a Sample Enquiry into the Living than double that of a lessee of Howrah and the conditions in the Bustees of Calcutta and Howrah average income of a tenant of CaJcutta is nearly 1948-49 (Government of We£t Bengal, 1949) '. one and a half times as much as that of a tenant This report is full of meat in its analysis as well of Howrah ; 75 per cent. of the huts of the as tables and gives a very thorough idea of how bustees of Calcutta have pucca floor whereas the about 1 in every 3 persons lives in Calcutta and figure for Howrah is only 36·6 per cent. Pucca Howrah (1 million in 3 million). As for non walled huts have been found in the bustees, the bustee areas most rooms in Calcutta-except what percentages for CaJcutta and Howrah being 28 are known as the European localities-are an and 9, respectively. Tpatched roof was found in average size of 10 feet by 12 or less and about 11 only 3 per cent. cases both at Calcutta and at feet high, where kitchens, baths and lavatories are Howrah. As regards ventilation it appears that to be shared with other families. In the census the bustees of Howrah are better off then of 1951, 710,579 living rooms were counted in the those of Calcutta as is apparent from the per· Municipal area of Calcutta consisting of 32 Wards, centage of badly ventilated huts, which is 2-1 for and the population in this area was 2·548 million. Calcutta and 6 for Howrah. Arrangem~nt for To each living room therefore there are 3·5 water supply is bad in both the cases; Gl·7 per persons and it should be remembered that a living cent. of the huts of Calcutta bus tees and 83 6 room varies from one in which a man can barely per cent. of those of Howrah have n..:> arrange lie down and stand up to that in the mansions ment for supply of water ; 15 per cen~. of the of the very rich. huts have kitchen both at Calcutta and at The mansions of the very rich usually contain Howrah, but the percentage for huts having no few people and therefore this arithmetical aver arrangements for cooking is 4 at Calcutta whiJe age masks the real congestion. It will not be the corresponding percentage for Howrah is 10. hazardous to surmise that the avera,ge number Drainage is equally unsatisfactory at the two of persons per living room throughout the cities places, the percentage of bad drainage for of Calcutta and Howrah, taking the best with the Calcutta bustees is 42 while that for llowrah is worst, will be about the same as that found in 34 ; 17·3 per cent. of the huts of the bus~ecs of bustee areas, with this difference that other Calcutta and 15 5 per cent. of those of Howrah circumstances of ventilation, sanitation, water have no latrines." supply and amenities are superior in non-bustee The following from page 14 of the Report a~as. The following extract from page 13 of the gives the distribution of the number of rooms Report gives a horrifying summary of the re.;ults occupied by lessees and tenants at Calcutta and of the Inquiry. Howrah. 17.- ' .

STATEMENT 14 Calcutta Diet Survey, 1945 Per Capita Monthly Consumption and Quantity by Expenditure Level

F.apt'Dditu"' le\o~la 0.50 61-100 101-lfJO Number or famili• 66 348 361 "'""P •• or family !·73 -&·2-& 6•80

Jtema Unita Quantity Qu~tity Quaotity I Ric-e Seer 8·629 8·655 8·685 t Atta.. .. 3·673 3·031 3·042 I Chlra ud murl . • 0·095 0·119 ()")!13 B.-I .. O·Oli 0·067 0·093 •6 l'u... .. 1•636 1·356 1"328 e Filala • .. 0.40:1 0·661 ()-81•5 M,... .. 0·023 0·170 0·205 }:Ill!'& • Number 0.054 ()-!!18 0·493 '• )ltlk. Beer 0"751 1·615 2·048 10• Other milk '[:turl...... ll \" f'I!O't.able I . 0-6"!3 tl-02'.1 tl-067 .. f)-MJ It }:.!able oil • • .. o-&2:1 0·812 11 l'ota&o . 1-466 IW 1'872 It Other '"11"'lablre ...... IS &a. S....r o-630 6-CSIJ 0'4S8 11 SpinM .. .. 17 Su~:V s- 0·753 fHlOO ()-9Z3 IS O"r . 0"118 0"129 0"193 ,.... . Pound- O"IW o-134 o-UJ :0•• Othw "'tree-• %1 Total fond • .. u Coal. llauad O·~O 0''-10 o-cz& Statement 15 makes a comparison of Food expenditure levels in Bengal with that in other Value (Calories) in the average diet of different countries.

STATEMENT 15 Comparison of Food Value (in Calories) with other countries

BBKQ4L

On tal de Balanced Outside Calcutta Balanced Serial Foodstuff diet U.S.A. Meslco GermanJ' Great l'ulaad TurlreJ' Calcutta Calcutta aalary diet, Dr. No, (Director of Britain (latambnl) espendl· ealary level Akroyd Public ture level B.a. 0..160 Health, level B.a. 11-160 (per West B.a. 201• (P"" equivalent Bengal) 250 oapito) adult male) 2 8 • 6J 6 7 8 II 10 11 .12 l3

1 Bread • • 666•8 1,177·2 1.109·8 l.HO·S U12·4 36·0 ll Cake, Blacult, etc. 3 Flour • • (12 280.·6 tit:o 286-5 1i4·4 sii·o 163·0 211·0 4 Cereala (Rice, etc.) 1,010 161•0 63•2 101•8 108·6 1139•0 1,290•0 1,679•9 t,47o-o .i Pulaea 303 U1·0 127-o 166•0 2114-G 35,··11 6 Meat 67 uii-4 2i6-a 99-o· 12·0. 12·0 16•0} 182•0• 7 Flab • 66 lllNI 17•8 lH 16•7 81•0 86•0 47•0 8 Anlm&Jfat 7 II Vegetable fat 77•6 18:1 1ii·8 u-o tii·o 10 Vegetableoll 407 111•1 12·9 31•0 2oi·6 211•0 173'0 227•0 628·2 11 Milk • lSI> !12·0 224•0 1118-0 1'11-1 40·11 A1•0 .li8-G ?6•0 U40 12 lUll< products 24·1 18•6 14·2 8•2 13•3 lS Egga 50 116·8 11•8 29·? 0 22·1 u-s i;:, :,:o t4 Potato , 44 224·2 29·8 ,33·8 633•0 87·2 63•0•·• 36•0 u-o, u; Vegetablea 46 &2·8 27•1 ~-o: 31•1 4.9•8 ... 16 Onion &:o 7·0 17 Sugar uo 422:, :n7:s ~1,:1 .eo&O'·a l8t'·i 113•0 122·0 18 our 112 211•0 Bi•O U 'Fralta u TO'Ulo 2,888 2,325-9 2,&79·_6 ~----8--S,-~-~---S.-1!8-1-·6--l-,96-li-·I--2-P-33>0---~-.-.r.-,-.0--2-,-6411-·7-

• Ir milk Ia absePt from the diet, this should be Included. The tcta.l In tbls colullltl omlta the figure for 111eat and fish.

Statement 16 makes a comparison of various to the diets of divisions I and II , prjsoners of -diets in Bengal with Bengal Jail Diets (quanti both classes A ,and B. The deficiency is well ties). 'It will be seen that the diet of the Bengali marked in vegetable proteins {pulses), edible middle class is not only comparatively deficient oils, sugar and fish '. in -calories, it is much inferior in other food values

STATEMENT. 16 Comparison of Various Diets with Jail' Diets (Quantities)

.TAIL DIET 011ftiD• C.&JA!tlft.l .NJ".Aai UYJIL 11-liO Balanced .Calctttta 8erl.. . i'oodatutr diet for DmSio• I &KD U DmSJO•IU espendltum No. adult lllale level 201·250 Per (Director of equlft)ant Po bile Health, ,.rC:WVU. West Bengal) -.dl~Umale A .B C1aaa I C1ase n 1 • s ' 6 II 7 8 .II u

1 Rice l>-o9 -8·00 s-oo ll!-110 10·00 2 Wbest &-66 O•Bil 8·31 li·OO 2·00 11·80 1·71 •·711 l-113 s Pw- 1·60 1!·00 1·30 2:So !:5o 0·70 ~aty~tabl;,. • 2·00 0·68 o·az ' li---.cy v•etablee Z·26 4·00 !:So 4·00 •8 Frulte • 1•60 Po~ O•?i ~~ 2:o ''" 8 OniOG 1·08 o:io -«~:7a ' 0•10 11•21 )11111: .:oo 1-110 l-oG l·H 10• Jot.llll: PlOd·.., ... : t:-oo 1-117 2-o& tl s..,~ C)o&(\ lo()() t-oo o:6z 12 oOur <0-68 1i-8e 0·61 Oo2i ro·a o-u ·0-17 u Edible on 0•76 0·50 0·26 .D•IO J)-31) .,.. Obee 0•10 O·U o.u o-~ <0-76 :. 8-96 16 FlAb .1·00 2·00 O-o7 18 i·Oo 0·56 -0-llli ..N 1·68 0·11 0•11 17 !lee~~~- 0·50 0·14 4'-0. Hi 011J 20 Statement 17 shows the mean per by expenditure level at 1945-45 capita monthly consumption (in rupees) prices.

StATEMENT 17

:P.nDDLE CLASS FAMU.Y BUDGET ENQUIRY, 1945-46

Mean per Capita Monthly Consumption (in Rupees) by expenditure let-·el

(All centres combined) 1 I I ' i • ' I • lbpeMJtu.l.... 1-60 &1-100 101-150 161-200 201-250 2&1-300 301-350 ·~l&lld •bo•• .&..._ll.. orra..u, 1·78 4·70 8·1& 7·08 8•48 11·02 l'oa.,.offaall.._ 41 211 11·~2 us 104 134 101 ··~"68 ~~~ 1,018 1,4116 •••...,orpe.-, 111 1,647 1.13~ ~·:! &7~ t.o~• J'ood • ll-611 ll·t~r. 11•66 llt·64 U·JO U·IIO ld•t"-t 11 ;a OoUI~ : • 0·81 1•86 1•86 ll-ll' 2·61 S·f3 3·H •·•8 ..... llcb' 1•48 1•&8 1·011 1•16 2·211 li•ftl ll-7!1 1•66 u...-nc • 0·17 0•67 0•78 0·~6 O•M 0·~8 l-117 0·118 ~·- 1·48 1•20 4·88 •·18 8•61 8•1!3 11•71 15·10 Tour. U•61i 18·71 20·71 22·81 28·8& lll-77 Sll·ll7 40·11 These statements will make Rowntree's "Pri (36-75) class and then decreases. The data are mary Poverty " at 30s. 6d. a week for a family so consistent that there is hardly any room for of five at 1936 prices appear unattainable princely doubl It is probably due to the fact that on the comfort for the vast majority of our populace in average the (36-75) class represent younger men the forties of this century. than the (76-150) class and that the younger Finally, nutrition experts have never ceased people spend more on clothing and tobacco. to inveigh against the cussedness of the Bengali Growing family at this age would also account for and the Indian who make no improvements in more utensils. · their diel It is often overlooked that there is "(iii) The increase in the expenditure on food no room to turn, that any effort at improvement is not much between any two levels. But there of the diet,-which astonishingly enough .is the is a definite change in the pattern of consumption. most that can be made of the sum of economic, Expenditure on cereals decreases with income, social, climacteric and ecological conditions that on the others such as pulses, vegetables, fish, costs money, which is simply not there, and that meat, milk, etc., increases. The increase in the whenever the income increases the diet at once last three is appreciable. improves in quality and quantity. Observes the "(iv) Expenditure on education and misce departmental report in its summary of observa llaneous items (including medical expenses) in tions: creases very appreciably from level to level. "An examination (of this table) will indicate "The above would generally indicate that the that- ·lower income groups do not get enough essential food and that their income falls short of their (i) Total expenditure per capita increases as educational and medical needs. Any added in salary increases. The increase is appreciable come is readily spent on such essential foodstuff between the lowest income class (0-35) and the as milk, fish, meat, etc., and more readily on next higher class (36-75) indicating a distinct education and medicine. The diminishing ex change in the standard of living. This is as could penditure on cereals with rise in income would be expected because salary level (o-35) mostly indicate that the higher consumption of cereals at represents the inferior staff. The ' bhadralok • lower levels is not a matter of choice. really commences his career from Rs. 35 upward. "It has been shown that expenditure on food The increase between the income class (36-75) and other items increases with income and and the next higher class (76-150), however, is that quantities consumed also increase. It only moderate, which indicates that the standards may be noted, however, that as in expenditure so of living of these two classes are comparable. also in quantities of cereals consumed there is a " (ii) Expenditure on all groups of items such decreasE' with increase of income. It will be seen as food. fuel, rent, ete., increases as salary in that with the rise in income cereals are dropped creases except in intoxicants, in which there is a to be replaced by more milk, fish, meat, etc., that gradual decrease. Tlle expenditure on clothings, is to say, with rise in income the actual dlet tobaccos and utensils increases from (o-35) to gradually approaches the ideal balanced diet.'" ... TABLE 1 ,., ACTUAL NUMBER OF lliRTJJS AND DEATHS ANNUALLY REPORTED FOR EACH SEX DURING THE DECADE 1941-50 ~ Ill <1 Ill tc~,,,,,,"'( +>or Exo•••(+) or Jc ••·•·••( +) ur Numh"r or .Nutnh"r or Number of blrLh1 Nurnluor oftloaLho duft«~l~m1y\-) d•l"'lrnoy( -) d••lkiNI~YI-) Ct•m•lfl blrt he fNn"lo l'rar .... uf ft•UlA P uf f••tnnln of' blrt hl' OVf'f pl1f l,UOU dt•Atlll Uoth t4rar•l )!nit .. CUIDIO both ~f'lt'l Jllnle F•m11le hlrth11oYnt dnatha over dt•alhl, bot.b nu•ltt au~l• blrtho male dt•athl lt'Ji.t'l blrtho "';~,!!~100 dt•AUll a. 8 6 0 7 8 8 !U 11 u

Tttt.all811·~0 4,nno,P~& 8,410,7112 li,2U,I112 4,ZIIH,Mi0 2,2tll,706 &,lltoR,II& -17R,tlll0 -1l4~,nr.a +30~.1116 U~ll·~ Ut~·A auc.u &U,6&:1 ~:lfl,UI& ~14,1·~11 :thn,H.a:t I~I>,Htl 171,HU7 - lb,4146 - U,U4U + "1, 7UO 11:1~·7 III&U ~~~··~\lu\)•C) &M,II•:I ~r.a.~t>o 2:1&,11;>:1 :17~,M>U 11111,116 IH~,H:I - 114.~47 - 7,n;a U~7·U IU4N 4ro:t,loll& ~:11>,710 ~17,HI>4 HHI>,~7~ 111~.&111 I Hti,H77 - 17,Mi•6 - II,I>U + ''"·"'''614,~146 U2&·a IIH·U 111&7 . U7,7fi6 2116,671 HH7,1M ~ul,tuta IHII,ltlil - lll,f\13 - I4,111>U + 411,1>110 U~lo·~ ~~.:.·tl 11140 . 621,11116 ~~~·'"'~71,KIIII ~I>W,&\17 4 I 4,11147 ltlfl,aa 1 111H,ar.o - 1w,a71 ·- 17,1176 + ltl~.tli~ ~~1'1·7 Ill'"'' Ill&~ . &1>7,81>0 ¥:1H,bl0 li1H,14"1 &414,tllltl ~a:1,a1a :!H1,~HH - JU,tliO - 1H,IIH + 11,71•0 Wl7•6 w~~·7 IIIU . H77,117tl 11111,11111 IMI,~Itl (>77,1176 Hllti,&~U ~iti,U40 - H,IIU - U,4Hil -ltiU,UIIU UtM-11 U~l·8 lU4H . U11,1114 ~~~.71~ 211 ,IH12 ~~~·.~t\0 8:1~,114~ 2\I~,UM, - 17,410 - 411,11\IH -lH.t,~f•:.! U~:I•U .. 11.1·8 liiU . ftllfl,b711 ¥1\~,lflil 2·ta,47A lU7,K140 IM~,3111 IM,b73 - ltl,ti~K - 111,7411 + 1~14,11\1~ \1~1>·& VII~·~ lUU . 641,¥HO liHII,S~A llt1U,UI>6 8~4,¥~0 liUI,I78 Hla,U47 - 1U,!I70 - ~~.•~o + 167,UOU UIIU•U UIIU•D

TABLE 1.1

ACTUAL NUMBER OF DIRTIIS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACII SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION j AND DISTRICT DURING J941 .. ~ '. '' .... lho•.. (+{;or E•••••< +/.or lhon••( +lor Nuntber of Nurubor ul Numblll' or blrU11 Number of doaU•• dotlol•uoy -) dotlol•uoy -) dntlnl•uoy -1 funtrtlu blrthl fu1U11.I• l.ooalltr offnnut o ol l'•wllle ur blrtho uv•r pur I,UOO tle .. thl JJotb loaoe Mala Fomalo IJoth lo&ol Male Female birth• over d•atho over doatho, both male m•l• blrtho rn"'• deathl IUJI.n• birth• p~~!t~utl durothl 1 I I 4 a . • ' • II 10 11 111 WilT IIIOAL ITATI · . . 1141,880 180,880 160,11611 88t,eao 101,178 188,047 -18,870 -11,188 +1117,080 1130·1 11011'1 lord waD Dl•l•loD 170,628 181,814 180,811 188,8t7 8D.t88 88,tll1, - 8,70t - 7,0ta + 18,1178 1137•7 Ud·l Jlurrlwao 60,408 lft,02& 1!4,678 80,6111 10,U8 17,870 -1,8611 - 1,778 + 13,11~0 8'7·1 81>7>1 Dlrbhum 86,184 18,868 111,771 88,178 18,047 ll,lllll - 1,D88 11¥1 + ll,D01 81111•1 11aa·8 llDIIIIUfll 80,080 11,808 18,1117 17,041 18,8411 18,008 1170 lOG + 11,1111 110,•0 11811·0 MldiiRJIUf - 112,120 42,028 40,007 64,8411 117,006 80,81111 -1,8110 -1,&011 + 87,778 11~6·11 11'4'0 llooahiJ 80,460 111,114 17,R8CI 1!11,210 11,608 10,708 - 1,778 - IUO + U,ll36 IIUII·I 1180•11 Howrah 118,404 16,807 14,007 10,060 10,1110 ll,TOCI - 1,8110 - 1,lll4 + 11011•7 euo·e Prtlldnor DI•IIIDD . 170,711t 1to,710 180,0tt 100,178 1011,877 lt,ll98 -10,888 -11,081 +7D.48l'·"' lil·l 11111'1 1!4•l'lli'IIRDIII , eo,uo 40,161 U,8116 68,220 80,146 '17,8111 - 8,18CI -1,106 + 80,8UO 1131·0 11~6·1 ('alt•IIUI RU,2110 111,088 18,207 80,170 18,718 10,408 -1,770 -1,260 O,N88 ·~11·8 136•1 Nadia . 27,461 14,201 18,260 111,7611 u,•oe 10,841 04CI -1,000 -+ 8,701 1133·6 1107'1 MurohhiAhad , 611,7011 20,828 117,44& 81,481 111,11011 14,6011 - 1,8711 -1,2118 + 80,887 11311•0 11114'0 Maida . 16,008 7,824 7,1144 10,1118 8,401 ,,7011 680 708 + 4,11011 ll:l6•11 101•8 w.. t lllnall•tlf 1&,810 1,010 ,,~00 U,BOll 6,11110 6,8711 au• 0!1 + 4,404 87,•11 IUO·I . I ... Ja)J•IIIUrl 116,080 18,287 11,008 110,4811 IO,tllll 10,017 ou• 408 + 6,4111 llot·ll 1101'1 1>uJ~ollua .. 11,801 11,000 1,6fll 111,717 11,670 1,141 4118 •a8 + 1111 1118•8 lit'O Ooooll bthfll I :No,IYIIIIblt TABLE 1.2 ACTUAL NUMBER OF lliRTIIS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACII SEX IN TilE STATE, ADl\IJNISTRATIVE DIVISION . AND DISTRICT DURING 194l

E•-.(+)or lb-.(+)or 1•-.(+)or Jlumboor of ...... t..r.., Jllllllber of btnba J111mber of 4 ..tba 4•d•·l•ocy(-) 4ollcloooy(-) d•ftol•ooy(-) foaaalo blrtba ...... '-IILJ ~ or romale orroaaale or blrU,.onr p.r 1,0011 doaUoa Jloebleull Kala J'emala Jloeb8e:r... Kale J'emale blrlhoonr 4oatha o"'r doatho, boUI ...... p.r 1,0011 maleblrtba maleo&eatba eeaoe bllt.he ....Uo doalba I I • 6 • ' • • 10 11 II WU1' llJOU. IUfl • IOI.i71 183.101 841,171 117,181 181,318 186,171 -11,818 -18,7t0 +161,111 ..... 10... lvdwu Dl'fllloa ·• ·• 1168,117 l.M,031 126,861 171,841 88,101 U.l37 -1,181 -1.061 + 11,114 •••• IU·I llardwaa III,U6 17,041 16,806 86,801 17,8111 18,UO - 1,787 - •••21 + 111,046 113&·1 ll~ll·t liltbhUID . 17,0118 111,071 111,620 22,1160 11,67t 11,1160 11611 lOti + U,Kblt IIMd·l 1171·· Jtankura 111,11111 111,7110 111,026 26,8111 111,1187 u .... 7116 tllll + u.•~& ~1·t ...... ~ . . 71,7111 111,1101 16,11116 60,881'> 111'>,761 116,11811 -1,018 11117 + 111.161 1166·· ~0·1~··· ltoot~b y 88,826 111,2~0 17,076 21,1611 11,0811 10,0110 -11.171 11711 + 16,1116 11117·0 1111·1 lluwrab 28,621 1ll,8116 11,168 17,027 11,111111 8,02lt -1,Ull 1171 + 1,601 11111·7 111~·1 rr.adeaoJ Dl'fllloa • 1&8,881 1211.~ 117,817 178,618 14,107 II,tal -11,117 -11,871 + 70.1al IU·t 178·0 t4-Puw-, 81,1U 42,61111• 88,661'> 411,898 16,664 18 •• 6. -4,006 - 1,0110 + ll,UI 11116·1 8110·11 Colmn.u 111,1181 11,8611 8,6711 116,606 U,67ll 10,11!1 ·-1!,11111 - 4,M61 t,767 760·6 Gllll·l 11211•11 "ad Ia 80,108 16,flflll H,UO lll,IIHll 11,8.. 10,6~8 - 1,2~8 1108 -+ 11,¥~6 11~1·7 ...... d~bad : ·- 66,110 21!,870 26,748 88,8H8 17,618 16,11~0 - 1,6~6 - 1,6va + Xl,7~8 114»·1 lllt·l ...... 12,llll 0,810 6.~011 8,80!1 8,8611 2,1"11 6Ul tJO + 6,1111 11~0·1 1177·1 W oot IIIMJpai. l8,1!~ll 7,008 0,1110 10,863 6,8H7 6,1168 1H6 U1 + 1,61111 1178·7 ~ ...... r.:rt . 118,7811 l2,26t 11,tH6 111,00ll 10,211 11,11111 71111 6~0 + 1,1187 llg7·1 114W·1~~~··· ._,...~. lO.IiOI 6,681 1,276 10,278 11,678 6,7117 1161 8711 + 686 1161·6 178·0 (;ooda • •• a't'allabla TABLE 1.3 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN TilE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1943

Exoeol(+)or B101101(+)or Bxoeea( +) or Jluruber or •uruber of Number or blrt.ha Jlurnber or 4eatba donol•ocy(-) 4olloloocy(-) d•llol•ocy(-) female blrtba I• male or'"""''' or r.rwote O( blrtb1 OYt!ll per I,UUO dea&-hl Boeb8e:xea IIale J'e111ale BoUI8o:r.e. Kale J'emala blrtha onr death• over deatho, butb male malo blrtha male deatba ..a.,. blrU.. ~~-~~~ d-Lba I I 6 I I 7 I • 10 11 11 WIST IIIOAL I!ATI 1«0,011 221,711 111,308 U4,218 832,182 292,084 -17,110 -10,091 - 18t,2111 ta·• .,... lwdwu Dlrialoa lt.l,10tl 126,11) U8,783 81.6,036 188,021 117,011 -1,640 -21,007 112,828 131•1 171'0 liur.tw.. 21,837 20,,91 .7.6117 U,A42 22,112S -l,UII - 2.217 6,1311 11'14·6 11111·1 IUrhhaaa us;-r IJ.~~ 18,11!111 lti,~Sll ••1,61111 1!11,61ll 111.~77 707 7;16 7,~ijfj 11")·6 ...,, .. Jtankura SS,..UII 17,8'!8 18,4:!') 60,170 l!II,H~S 1Y.~H7 lin I! - 1,6\HI e.~~~~ IIH·I lllhh.. ,..., ''"J·tl 76,8lll 811,Ml0 8f>,!'lll 126,731o 117,1!47 67,4:!2 - 2.6~1 - 11.7<>6 61J.4:!1J ~,·· 8~4·1 llunt.:hly .. SJ ~41) 17,168 16,676 27,41111 U,HIO 12,t114tl - l,.w;£ - 2.126 + 6.H6 Ut4·1 M.>d·l lhnuab l!l,61111 U,66S 12,U7 84,876 111,111!7 16,067 - 1.~~0 - •• ~'IU u,o.,, IIOJJ•I 70<1·1 rr.ettle .., Dlrialoa 197.1108 103,3811 llt,6lll O.Oii,lial 184,181 UM70 -8,170 -19,091 - 111,823 114·1 1113'7 16·1'•1'11 ...... IIS,IIt11 13,854 IO,Ot7 D1,21S 61,8711 - 1,'1117 -11,646 27,31» ~~7·6 77 :,·;J l'akuu.a 89.~3· 2tl,6~!1 u,av6 8,21\6 52,1!113 27,71JQ 24,6511 -li.J:IO - I,Jf.o 81,810 ...... "-•11• . • l!:I,UH I 1.11411 ll,OY6 8~<,•!411 n,71!11 111,136 e!,l 671! J~,7VII \r".t ... ·ll IIIJ·U"""'' M•tr•hhlabad • Sri 7-6 l 1~ ...,.e I 7, 7•6 115,078 BJ,IMI :U,V42 - 1,171 - 1.l•W :t~.:J '.t 'H"" Z \o'\4·1 )l .... l. • • .,..,,., U,l4>1 •. 77S 4.:na 11,317 G,,~l 6.4~1\ [,4;2 ~.~~~~ v·:1· 1 \\ .., l,lh&H•ur ·~~ \loll& I u.v.-w 7,6;) 7,61~ H,4ori 8,54~ 6,1118 l~:J 0"1\ :t, ....tl J alp•ltrurt • + "·",. ".;.j·lt 111 •• 4:t 11.111'8 11,•&0 ~t).804 U,II3S 12.~71 ll!O - l,llfl2 e..... t V.,7·U t:!i:"'lk"t.r : ... 6,1107 •,iol l1,2.i>d .,e70 6.11>18 ll!G ...j l.Z,7U 176·1 lll7·t - •• ••a~~aMe TABLE 1.4 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1944

Excess(+) or Excess( + ) or Excess(+) or Numhor of Number of :Number of btrtho :Number of deaths deficiency(-) deficiency(-) deficiency(-) female births female of female of female ofbtrthsover perl,OOO births over deaths Both 8exea Male Female Both Sexes Male Female deaths over deaths, both mote per 1,000 male births male deaths sexes births male deaths 8 2 3 4 6 6 7 II 10 11 12 -14,944 WEST BEIOAL STATE 877,378 196o160 181,216 &77,375 ' 300,429 276,946 - 23,483 -199,899 823·8 921-8 -7,361 Bur4wau Dlt1aloo 1103,421 106,394 88,033 269,860 137,7f4 131,898 &,868 -66,233 1130·1 867·f -1,285 Rurdwan 85,367 18,321 17,086 48,661 25,046 23,605 1,441 - 18,294 11211·9 1142.5 lllrt•hum 21,6111 11,183 10,608 41,200 20,244 20,1156 - 675 + 712 - 111,6011 11:!11·6 1,035·2 R•mkura 114,160 12,666 11,604 81,484 16,886 16,5911 - 962 286 - 7,324 1124·2 38,865 - 2,824 ll!!ll·() r.tldnnpur 66,7112 84,058 81,736 711,124 40,759 2,3114 - 18,332 1131·8 lln·3 Hoo~hly 28,610 14,11811 13,671 211,885 16,160 14,225 - 1,268 1136 775 1115·1 .Uowrah 27,817 14,337 13,480 811,816 20,670 111,146 - 867 1,524 938·8 - 11,11911 1140·2 11~6·8 145,050 -7,583 Pr11ldenor Dlmloa 173,849 80,768 83,183 307,7111 16Bo8611 - 17,615 -133,788 816·5 891"8 24-Par"aoaa , &1,648 27,162 24,491 84,418 45,236 311,182 - 2,661 8,064 - 82,775 902·0 62,846 211,602 23,248 -1,447 8,3611 866·8 Calcutta 21,1181 11,6811 10,242 - so,9a 876·1 785•2 Nadia • • 16,740 8,783 8,007 80,768 15,851 14,1117 726 1134 -14,028 1116·11 28,826 28,090 11711 941·1 r.turohldabad , 211,128 16,061 14,072 66,1116 786 -- 27,7113 1135•0 1174·5 r.talda • , 16,162 8,4411 7,718 25,851 13,884 12,017 786 1,817 - 11,189 1112·11 14,6111 7,688 7,063 18,574 11,656 8,1118 485 738 901·2 Weot DlnaJpur - 8,1183 1135·7 1123·6 J 1\lpal"url o 16,116 8,276 7,840 27,815 14,147 18,168 436 11711 -11,11111 1147·8 Darjoellng , · 7,648 8,878 8,766 11,628 6,018 6,615 118 4118 1130·8 - 8,885 1170·11 1117·1 Couch Behar o :Not available TABLE 1.5 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1945

Excess(+) or Exce10(+lor Exoess( +)or Number of . :Number of births Number oC deathl dello1ency(-) deficiency -) deficiency(-) female births :Number of offemale offemale female Locality of births over per 1,000 deaths Both Bexea Male Female Both s~xea Male Female btrths over deaths over deaths, both male male deathl per 1,000 male btrthl aexea births male deatba 1 I '7 8 II 10 a 4 & 8 11 12 -19,678 -18,024 WEST BENGAL STATE 4&7,358 1188,&18 1118,840 4ts,600 238,811 11111,288 + 8,7118 &17·a 11211·7" Bur4wan Dld1loD - 8,481 -8,740 11311,807 1211,88t 111,923 11114,1190 104,1611 100,421 +30,717 822·7 884·1 Burdwao 88,7117 20,178 18,621 86,885 18,678 17,'711 -1,665 - 1161 + 2,tlll 1122·0 Jllrbhum 24,626 12,664 11,1162 1.4,766 16,181 - 702 1150·6- 211,1147 + 6111 - fi,821 1144·6 1,028·1 Jlnnkura 81,168 16,084 16,0711 26,1118 18,640 12,878 -1,005 -1,167 + 6,250 ll37•fi Mldnapur 85,2411 211,078 28,488 -8,881 1118·& U,816 40,1184 57,661 - 6115 +27,688 1123·7" 11711·r. Boollhly 28,8112 15,166 18,787 26,1171 18,0118 12,876 -1,618 - 221 + 2,921 906•6 Bowrah 26,580 18,11110 12,690 28,818 15,012 18,801 -1,400 -1,211 1183·1 -2,238 8911·11 9lll·ll l'r11ldenor D!mloa , -10,8111 -11,294 1122,048 118,181 1011,817 1144,010 129,147 114,863 ·-21.961 112·0 888·1 24-Par"aoaa • 68,918 88,781 80,187 67,'7'78 80,800 27,478 - 8,5U -2,822 + 8,140 894-11 1108·0. Calrntta 27,728 14,616 18,112 U,878 28,824 18,056 -1,504 - fi,770 -14,160 8117·1 Nadia • o 28,8U 12,670 11,264 24,761 12,860 11,8111 . -1,806 1169 757·8 - 917 8116·1 824·7 :M urahldabad o 44,426 22,9911 21,427 48,617 24,1130 28,687 -1,572 -1,243 -.,1111 1131•7 Molda • • 20,228 10,620 9,608 111,636 10,468 9,068 -1o012 -1,400 960·1 + 692 904--7 966·· w •• t ntnAJpur 18,048 6,8011 6,284 16,806 8,678 7,727 575 861 -8,262 1115·0 .Talpal~rurl 18,575 11,485 12,516 11,6112 896 -. 828 900·8 11,0110 24,207 --6,632 1168·6 1184·1 DIU"joellnll o .. "·o 10,2117 . 6,802 ··- •• 4,11116 10,1188 6,671 . - 6,266 - 807 - · •o6 - 661 1162·1 8"~8·· Cooch DehU' o .L.f{;fL: I '-"' JrO$ e1'allable TABLE 1.6 ACI'UAL NUMBER OF DIRTIIS AND DEATIIS REPORTED FOR EACII SEX IN TilE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1946

liioa-.(+)or ••-( +)or ll•.-( +)or Koamt..r or lhmboor ol JrumiM oCbi..U.. Jrumber or dea&he dello-I•IM'rf-) d•llt'lell<'JI-) d•tlri•IK')'(-) (lornaleo blrtha frU\Aie otromal• of r...... of blrtha onr .,., J,uuu d.,.ll,. BotJa ..... lla.le J'emale blrthao""r d ...u,. onr d ...tha, botb •••Ia !'- t,uuo _.. deatbe ..... blttba hiAie -·· blrtha deatbe I I • 6 • ' I • 10 u 11 trut I&JOAL ITAR IIM,881 r11188 16J,t97 Uf,887 818,881 -11.171 -1'7.171 +101,171 11U l_.wuDINioa .... 1811,86t UO,tll 180,801 ...... -1.101 - •••'7'7 + 71.11M Ntl llurdwao ,8,8t8 16,4411 1!3,8117 8&,619 1!1,11f41 18,1188 -1!,049 - 1,848 + u.su 1119·1 1111·11 fllrt•hum 80,4011 16,4611 H,ll40 81,761 15,7711 H>,llt!~ 6~11 + l!Oll - I,3U 1111110 1,0U·II llankura 81l,4.'10 111,1!41 11!,6!411 23,ll3t 1:.0,357 10,1177 - 1,2ioll - 1,4110 + U,l\111 11311·11 fOIOO•I ...d ... , ... , 110,211& ,II,Ull ,3,1133 63,~711 l!i,l!ltl 16,063 -1!,31111 - 1,168 + 811,111111 114,.·11 1167·11 Hoo,.htr 16,01111 lt!,IKO JII,II!Jtl 22,11111 l1,6U 10,66' - 1,27t -1,0111 + 12.""7 11211·11 11<111·1 ..... ,... 211,776 H,Ot!ll 1~111!11 2,,6011 ll!,llll 11,611<1 - 1,403 - 1,1113 + X,l!lltl lllJU·t •wiHI rr ..t .. aorDINJoa , 114,.180 Ul,lll UI,041 124,181 U'7,141 101,M4 -10,te8 -ll,tel +111.81t 111'0 1011 14-Parunae • ,.,IH su.suo 85,27' .!1,840 26,1149 22,1101 -,,0211 -1,11611 + tii,I!S4 ~97·8 IIH4·7 ('Aif'Utla 83,411 17 ,c:-,6 l6,11o7 311,137 l!O,UII 16,!4!411 - 1,4»7 -,,Hill ¥,7211 1114·1 7"4 II ,_adla • • 26,1!3!1 13,170 12,6611 24,~31 ll!,6111 12.212 602 + 1,007 11111·11 11117·7 )lur•hldabad , ,7,6U 24,612 xa,ot2 46,7111 23,626 23,166 -1,4110 .Ill'"7 + 743 11a11·11 11100·6 ... hla . . Ill, II~· 10.529 11,:1115 111,2611 10,117 11,1311 -1,1U 117!1 + linN HVt·l ~ll:t·tl l ~·J•JI H7W·I '"'"' JllnalJ•ur l7,tWd 11,1~2 t.4,578 Jo,a7o 11,716 7,661 646 - 1,064 + 11611'1 Jalpal~url 26,101 13,035 Jt,06tl· 23.4~0 12,243 11,177 111111 -1,111111 + ,:6~i 112~·7 1112·11 11:.a·11 I•••l"""~• J0,4t!U 6,311~ 6,0!Ill -11,036 ,,112' ,,,11 - so• lllll + 1,441'> 1143·11 c.· .....·b lioohar .• Not available TABLE 1.7 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACII SEX IN TilE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1947

E ••••,.( +) or E•-•(+)or Eace••( +)or Kun.""r or Num.... r of Nnmboor or blrt~ Number or d""tha dl1tiOif'lncY(-) d•ftcl•noJ(-) r...... blrtha (t·ntale J.0<-.1111 offnnu&le d:~~~~"r:r!-) ol blrtha ov"r per J,uoo d.,.,, .. Botb 8eaee Hale remale Botb 8ellee lllalo romale blrthe ov.,r dt~aU•• OVttl' doatha, both hl•l• '""' I,IIUO male t>lrtha rualo doatha ,.,. blrtha rnale ... d., ...,.. II 8 ' II II 7 8 I 10 ll WIS'l' UllOA£ l'l'AR U7,766 W,184 8011,671 187,111b 101,062 188,103 -18,813 -14,8111 +tll.690 12111 li".JI lardwuDimloa 118,064 111,831 10'-211 183,910 89,1011 114,808 - 7,82t -UH + a.ut ..Jll 8687 i 6,202 0~11 7 11~7·1 Jiurd•aD 4HJ3·ll IJ,1V a talt-uua :t:t.~U4 )U,OUO 4!,1:15 ~:.:.a.:.t' 11"',777 - J,"". - •• ~·1 -7,11:11 lf.w·O Nadia . , ¥l,IV4 :I:~~; IU,II7 111,•~4 ]0,113 111,7'.!1 ~112 + 1.~ ... , '" ,, 3 ""1·1 )ltar•hklabad • :u,v-.o l11,7Vt + J.loO 111a • u,•74 17 ,11"11 H1.17S - 1.~~6'"'" - 1,6"4 ""·' t ~hltta . • n,bts '"·'""7,114 11,414 ll,tU~ 11,111>1 6,11~ 7••• ~711 + :t,!;t:.. ~~• e ~•v I \\ r•t J)ln•Ja•UI 1:1,,111 7,11 s l,'iHl 14,71\l! 7,771 11,~1>1 414 7~<~U IIIII Vfl • ...... Jalpat.:url 1-&,J".l lt,,;7 )J,\UI~ I~.H•J 11,7711 b.lift4 (,t)\1 .... ;! + 6 ...... ~ .•• 4 1114" Jlar).-.IIUII , 11,401 6,•01 6,6l'0 11,.'131 ,,4111 4,116 1:61 liUI '+ l,¥JU .,..,,') 6 IIJI·· l"""'" lioohar , Ko& uallable 1 TABLE 1.8

ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1948

E xc••s( +) or Exceo•(+) or Excess(+) or Nnmh•ror Nnmheror Number or births Number or deaths deftcl•ncy(-) deftcl•ncy(-) deftrl•nry(-) female births frm~le LoealltF of female of female of births over P•r 1,000 drath• Both Bexee Male Female Both Sexes Male Female births over dPaths over deaths, both IDRI" per 1,000 male births male deaths aexPs blrtas male deatho 1 2 8 . 4 6 6 7 8 0· 10 11 12

WEST BEROAL ITATE • 1113,584 2S6,710 217,8111 8811,278 198,401 188,877 -17,8118 -11,521 +88,288 821•8 841·8

Burhraa DJ,hlotl . 2ll,lili6 111,140 10Mlli 188,W 96,193 88,231 - 7,7211 - ],1188 +28,181 930'11 879-1

.BtJrdwon 87,171 19,808 17,868 U,844 17,538 17,806 -1,485 232 + 2,827 925·7 1188·8 I Blrbhum 1!8,247 13,802 12,945 22,997 11,581 11,486 857 85 + 8,250 1178·1 1194·4

llanll:ura 27,480 14,202 18,278 J, .' .• 24,6~9 i J li 12,551 11,978 924 573 + 2,951 934·9 954•8 ~ I 'Mtdnarur 76,521 89,698 88,928 59,278 29,625 20,648 -2,665 + 28 + 17,248 932·7 • 1,000•8

Ho011hl)' 26,564 18,937 1?,627 22,284 11,823 10,901 -1,810 362 + 4,280 1106·0 968•0

llowroh 20,572 10,808 9,769 24,497 12,625 11,872 - 1,084 758 8,925 904·8 040·4

Prealdeaor Dl•bloa . 239,0011 124,&70 114,139 1116,861 103,208 113,818 -10,131 -8,6611 Hll,8116 818·7 807'1 U·Par~anoo . 61,868 82,654 29,214 49,105 25,825 23,480 -8,440 -2,145 +12,768 894•7 IH6·8

Calrutta 40,842 11,222 19,120 48,178 25,767 22,411 - 2,102 -8,856 - '1,838 901-0 869·& Nadia . 21,795 11,897 10,898 10,032 9,615 9,417 - 999 198 + 1,768 912·8 979'4 )lurabl

Maida 20,879 10,72~ 9,656 12,181 8,661 5,520 -1,087 -1,141 + 8,198 eoo-& 828•7

Wnt DlaaJpur 14,884 7,484 6,950 12,888 6,986 5,897 484 -1,0811 + 1,501 1186·11 844-1

Jalpaliurl 26,897 18,720 18,177 18,167 9,881 8,788 563 15915 + 8,780 960·4 1180·0

I>RrJeolln(l 11,818 6,776 5,542 8,'i62 4,469 4,293 284 178 .&. 2,1550 1150.5 96001'·

Cootb Beltat , Not available

d.!lll. .i ,, ~. ,) TABLE 1.9 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTIIS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN TilE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1949

Esl!f'U(+)or J:x.....C+tor E•-.(+)or J{anol>t-r of !i uaol>t-r or :.lllllber or blrtha Jiumber of dtatba dollcltbey(-) dd~l~aey(-) drllrlrary(-) rra.alr hlrtha ,...... l.«alllJ ~ ..., orrra.ale orrrmale of blrtho nv.r J>er J,uuu d•••h• BoUII!uee llale J'omale Botbl!ell...... J'emale blrtba ovrr d•atb• o.-er cl ..lhe,bolb Juale l"'fl,UW male l>lr\ba maledeatbe ..... lll"h• .••••.. ,... I I • • 6 • ' I • 10 1l II WU! IUOAL ITAfl 488,161 263,200 1!34.1161 1'72,668 180.111 w.ua -18,147 -7,871 +lU.IH 127"1 tot'I •••ft8Diritioa Ut,IOI 118,148 10'7,868 183,028 81,111 80,818 -1,783 -1,188 + 41,478 124'1 .. ,... llnrdwao •o.1111 10,7111 111,86. 82,1120 111,461 111,0117 - ...07 81>11 + 7,61111 831·! 8711·1 IUrhhuna 211,6tS8 18,1172 12,11111 U,6!10 12,244 12,4:111 7611 + 1112 + 1,111111 1144·7 1,111&·7 lianllura 29,114& 16,6117 14,8411 28,1611 11,7711 11,877 -1,2411 •u2 + 11.7~11 IIIII· II liM·· tlldn•r•ur 711,888 411,673 87,7113 6~.1149 211.722 80,2~7 - l,7l'IU + &116 + 111,417 1131·6 1,017·0 ltnnvhly 27,1104 H,570 18,2:14 2U,645 10,6110 10,1•~~ - 1,836 476 + 7,1611 llfl•·• 11.'·~0 Jio•rah 2J,OtS7 U,till 10,2U 22,u76 11,868 10,728 -1,2116 oao IIIII lit< II·· 1144·1 PrHid-r Dlrilioo 183,841 138.161 117,087 189,1138 18,006 11,128 - 1,0114 -8,477 + 74,1U tao-I 13:1'1

U· Par~anaa , 114,171 83,6114 80,1108 ti,45S 24,703 22,750 -2,950 -1,953 + 111,7111 811·11 0~0·8 CalrtJtta 17,616 211,707 27,1!011 41,1!62 22,6~3 111,8:!11 -1,1<1111 -8,11<4 + 16,653 ll:tn 1 tt:, .. ·ft Iliad Ia 20,7110 10,71!7 101008 111,147 11,4118 11,654 7H4 + 161 + l,ft43 11~7·8 1,017·0 .,,,,.hld~t•ad : 43,61<0 2~.1165 21,015 28,566 14,846 14,2~0 -1,MO 1211 + 1&,114 11~7·1 111>1·1 ...~.t. 21,0117 1J,Jal! 11,96.) 12,664 6,ti4H 0,0111 - 1,167 ea2 1· 11,433 IIU6·1 11114·1 w.. , m~aJpu 17,708 11,0!!6 8,11t3 13,874 6,006 8,468 .62 •aM of· t,384 11411·1 878·1 laiJ•al~nrl , 27,0118 13,725 l3,36tl 11!,201 11,171 8,030 857 141 + 8,1111~ 1174·0 11~<4·8 J)arjo.llnr 11,6111 6.8t16 11,707 8,266 ..216 4,061 1711 1U + 8,3H 81111·8 IIUJ·l COO<"b Debar Jio& available ~ TABLE 1.10 ~ ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1950

Exee••(+/or Ex-•l+)or ll:lle•.. C+l or lllumber or •umber of Number or blrtba !o umbtr or deatba deftclency -) deftcl•ncy(-) doftcl•noy(-) remale birth• frmale Lleaii&JP ~ offewale orr.wale or blrtha over ptr 1,1100 deatbe Both l!exee Hale J'emale Both Bexea Hale J'emale blrtha over dttath• over doathe, both male ~, 1,1"1() male blrthe male deatbe aeaea blrtl18 n••l• d•etba I I a ' 6 8 7 8 8 10 11 11 WIST IUOAL ITATI U4,143 ll:lO,Gl4 114.11211 8116,843 1811,448 1'71,397 -111,4!11 -14,049 + 87,7CO 122'7 t24'1 lardwu Dl'l!aioo 20.1,828 100,088 17,140 168,461 88,463 81,8118 -1,648 - 4,41111 +88.181 l1t'4 Ml'4

1\urdwen 35,4711 18 377 17,102 30,395 15,7110 14,605 -1,275 - 1,1~5 + 6.0~4 930·6 D2ti·O IHrt.t.um 20,481 10.41111 11,11a2 23.4011 11.~1111 ll,C.S7 6fi7 tx~ - 2.~76 g4~·0 8i4!'0 1\ah}l.ura 25,421 13.1~7 12,23. 21,4~4 11.258 10,231 9()3 - J,fl~2 + 3,P717 ~~7·7 t'•ll·t )lldllal'ur 74,70. 8~,733 8a,D71 63,340 27,154 26,1~6 - 1,762 ~~H +21,3"4 II~H·7 gl\4·4 }l~hly 26,254 '13,864 12,300 18,947 11,11118 8,11411 - 1,474 - 1,0H + 7,3117 11118·7 ~~~~·I llowrah 21,837 11,4211 11,1111 20,8811 10,8911 10,490 - 1,616 + Ill + U8 11!7·4 1,0011·1 PrHI•••r DltWoa 140,117 123,128 118,1811 188,381 11,188 811,3111 -1,838 -1.684 +11.131 t44'1 IOa'l

!t·ParltahU • ~~.~611 81,161 27,50~ 40,483 !1,483 111,060 -3,fl~3 -2,:<>8 + 1~.1~11 ~·2 fl It,.,.., ('akuua 6t.I,~Oi 81.242 211,560 62,1U8 27,8611 !4,8•11 -1,f~2 -2,£14 11411 2 + ,,._~·(J lla•lla 15,51111 7,2(>6 8.8811 18,Pu7 ~.~41 11,1118 +1.1~3 - 476 - ~."''"1,212 1111·1 "''" 4 )ln,.hld~l·ad: 111,206 111,261 111.~44 25,587 U,4u6 J2,1U + 8><3 -1.2~5 +13,111" 1,.. ~6·6 .. ,..... •••kl• lt'4,tlt0 11,6\H! 8,822 12,456 8,1'14 6,641 -1,876 -I,Jia + 6,Lf!5 tJb ... ·l 1>27·• \\HI 1>1;..JI•V 13,12:11 11, .. 511 11,2116 13,718 7,2411 11.472 - 6111 774 bl•ll tot a·• .. \I'll Jall•al~nrl 14,:!76 12,6116 11,5 .. 0 18,3114 11,4~2 1!,111•2 -1,116 61 ..) + 6.1"'1 1112·! 11"7 .. l>ar)ffilhlf 11,2211 6,1>(!11 6,420 8,742 4,601 4,141 - hll - 460 + 1,4117 IIU·O IIW'O C.-hBebar !io& uallable TABLE 2 TOTAL BIRTHS 1941•50

1941-UI.iO. 1941 1942 1943 1944 194o 1946 1947 1948 19411 19&0 ,...... "'----.. -.. DltLrlcL Male Female Hale Female Hale- Female Hale Female Male Female Male Female Male Female :Male Female :Male Female Hale Female }{ale }·emale 1 I • • 6 0 7 8 II, 10 11 12 lS u 16 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 17,102 R11r•1wan . 21~,33& 21)3,411 25,921) 24,578 27,041 25,304 21,837 20,491 18,321 17,036 20,176 18,621 25,446 23,397 21,151 19,665 19,303 17,868 20,761 19,854 18,877 Hlrhl11110 l4~.1ij4 1:15,525 1~.353 16,771 Hl,672 18,426 16,989 16,2a2 11,183 10,50d 12,664 11,962 15,466 14,940 11.364 10,893 13,302 12,945 l:l,672 12,916 10,4119 9,932 li.mkura l!l~.f,lij t.sa,toa 18,>11!3 1!1,127 19,790 19,026 17,388 16,420 12,556 11,604 16,084 15,079 19,841 18,589 15,071 14,400 14,202' 13,278 15,597 14,34d 13,1d7 12,234 Mi•lfl'lf'Uf au~,a12 872,7a4 4~.023 40,097 8ij,901 34,8d5 88,500 85,819 34,058 31,734 44,315 40,934 46,3:)2 43,933 37,284 84,640 39,593 36,9~8 40.573 31,793 38,733 85,971 Jf•Jo~.t:hly I61,9H9 146,~94 19,114 17,336 19,250 17,074 17,166 15,674 14,939 13,671 )!;,155 13,737 18,180 16,906 1&,794 H,24o 13,937 12,627 14,570 13,234 13,864 12,890 Huwru.h u~.o~l 116,816 1a,397 U,007 12,380 11,143 13,443 12,147. 14,837 1H81) 13,990 12,690 14,089 12,6~6 11,175 10,372 10,803 9,769 11.476 10.211 11,426 9,1111 24-l'•&.r!.,Cfi.Dil.; s;,l,4HJ 316,6JS3 46,151 42,965 42,56Q S8,o65 33,854 30,047 27,152 24,491 33,731 30,187 39,300 35,274 31,809 27,824 82,6!;4 29,214 83,564 30,608 81.161 ' 27.608 Dalcutta 1dl,VtU 11!2,798 16,0:)3 U,257 11,359 8,478 11,394 9,264 11,689 10,242 14,616 13,112 17,454 15,957 17,204 16,000 21,222 19,120 29,707 27,808 S1.2.&2 29.560 Nadia 116,7r•4 109,637 14,202 13,2ii6 15,666 14,440 11,~46 11,095 8,733 18,007 12,570 11,264 13,170 12,668 11,077 10,117 11,397 10,39S 10,787 10,003 7,206 8.3~11 Mur•hl48 72,446 8,010 7,806 7,003 6,819 7,671 7,418 7,oa8 7,063 6,809 6,234 9,122 8,o76 .7,115 6,701 7,434 6,950 9,085 8,623 6,856 6,266 Jalpni~42 o,8S6 6,707 6,8011 6,420 Oooob Be ar No~ available

TOUL li,4U,7112 1,241,1112 280,826 260,966 268,108 148,476 1128,712 211,802 196,160 181,216 238,616 218,840 271,868 262,497 '222,184 206,671 236,710 217,864 253,200 234,DoS 230,014 214,6211

tO ~ TABLE 3 BIRTH RATES {NUMBER OF BIRTHS PER 1,000 OF TOTAL POPULATION) A-Calculated on the population at the census of 1941

1961-11150 . 11141 1942 11148 11144. 1946 1948 1947 11148 1949 11150 .- ....----"--... Dlatrlo~ :Male Female Jlla.l8 Female :Male Female :Male Femele Male Femele lllale Felllale Male Female Male Felllale ~ale Female Male Femele :Male Female I \8 6 6 7 8 Q· 10' 11 12 13 u u- 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 Averaae '· '·' Burdwan 11·6 10•8 18·7 13·0 U•S 18•4 11·6 10•8 11•7 9·0 10·7 9·8 18·6 12·4 11·2 10·4 10·2 9·6 11·0 10·2 11·7 9·0 .Birbhurn U·6 12·9 16·8 17•8 17•8 16•2 15·6 10•7 10·0 12·1 11·4 H•8 H·S 10·8 10·4 12·7 12·8 lS·O 12·8 10•0 :·6 Bankura 12·6 11•9 p·li4•8 U·O 15•8 14•7 13·6 12·7 9·7 11·0 12·6 11·7 15·4 14·4 11·7 11·2 11·0 10·8 12·1 11·1 10·2 ·6 MhlMyur 12·11 11·7 18·8 1ll·8 11·8 10·9 12·1 11•8 10·7 11·9 13•9 12•8 14·6 13·8 11·7 ·10·8- 12·4 . 11·0 12·7 11·8 12·1 ·11-8 Boogh y 11·8 10•7 13•9 '12·8 U•O 12•4 12·11 11•4 10•8 11·9 11•0 10•0 13•2 _l2·8 11·6- 10·8 10·1 11·2 10·6 9·6 10·1 ll•O Howrab 8·8· 7•8. 10•8 -11·4 8·8 7·6- 11•0 8•8 9•6 9•0 9·4 - 8·4 11•5 .. 8·5 7·6 7·0 7·2 0·8 7·7 6·11 7·7 8·7 24·1'&r\lanai 11·8 8•1 12·0 11·7 11·8 10•5 9·2 8·8 7•4 ' 8•7 11·8 8•2 10•7 9·6 8·6 7·8 8·11 8·0 9•1 8·4 8·11 7·6 (JalcuLt.a 8·8 ,., 7•6 8·8 5·4 4•0 4·11 4•4 5•6 4·9 8•11 6·2 8·8 7·6 8·2 7·6 10·1 9·1 U·l 18·2 U•8 14·0 NaaiKtlll • U·O 18·& 16·7 15·0 U·6 18·6 11•8 11•8 9•8 9·8 11·2 10•7 15·4 14·8 14·7 14·1 16·2 16·8 18·2 16·8 16·0 18·7 Darjeelinl! • ..., 18·7 16·7 14·7 14•0 18•0 12·7 10•8 1Q·O 14·1 13•3 14·8. .13·6..- ., 15·0 - .U·II ,, . 16·8 .U•7 15·8 16·2 16·4 U·· Oooob Bobar U·• Not available

TOTAL 10·1 10•6 13•1 18•8 1lH 10•7 11•9 11·2 - $·11- .,1·2 .-: 10•3 12·8 11•11 10·· 11·7 11•1 10•2 11•11 11·0 10·8 10.1 11·· . . ' TABLE 4 lliRTll RATES (NU1\IllER OF niRTllS PER 1,000 OF TOTAL POPULATIO.N) n-Calculated on the estimated population on the 30th June of each year computed on the assumption that the population chan~ed at a uniform rate from one census to the next ' ,... __ ,.__ ___, ,....__...__...... , 11143 19U 11147 111411 I116U ()l•lllcl Malo )'t~Balo Mal• )'emale Male lowale Male J!'emale )4aJe )!'emale Male .t'emale Male J!'ewale Male Fenl&le Male )'tnl&le Kale )'•·wale ·1~1• ···111&1• • I • • 7 • 10 11 18 u 16 17 111 lUI .A••nce ' llurdwao II·• 10·0 13·7 13·0 U·l 13·2 11·8 10•6 11·8 8·11 10·0 ll·ll 13·8 12·2 10·2 11·8 ••• lllrbbuw , U·l lll·ll 17·· 141•8 17•6 17·8 16·8 16·0 10•0 10·0 12·1 11•6 U·8 U·3 10·6 U·& 11·0 Jtaokura u·• 11·7 U·& U·O 16·ll U·8 13·2 1i·6 11·7 8·11 U·6 11·6 U•1 U·2 10·11 10·0 II·K )b.Joapur U·8 11·6 12·& 12·6 11·6 10•8 11-11 11·1 10•7 10•0 13·11 12·11 U·6 13·8 10·7 11·11 111·11 lloo~hlJ • 11·· 10·· 11·8 U·6 13·8 12·2 12·2 11·1 10·8 11·7 10·8 11·8 12·8 11·11 1o·o IHI •·o IJuwrah 8·7 7·8 111·8 II·· ll·S 7·· 8·11 8·1 11·7 11·1 11·6 8·6 11·6 8·8 7·0 0·0 0·7 l&·l'ar~aoaa II·& 8·6 U·& 11·7 11·· 10•8 11·0 11·0 7·6 6·0 11·2 8·2 10·6 11·6 7·6 7·1! 7·8 Calcutta 8·11 11·0 7•8 41·8 6·· 6·0 6•0 6·6 6·7 6·0 7·2 6·6 8·6 7·11 7·11 11·0 U·ll Jiladla 13·· 12·0 16·11 16·7 17·6 16·2 13·ll 12·· 10·1 11·2 U·6 13·1 16·2 U·7 11·7 12·0 11·7 Mtu•hittahad • U·& 11·6 17·8 16·7 17·0 16·0 11·2 10·6 11·3 8·8 U·l! 13·2 16·1 U·2 10·8 12·6 14:·0 MaMa . 10·1 11·0 11·1 8·8 7·8 8·7 6·& 11·8 8·11 12·8 11·2 U·2 10·11 7·6 11·1 11·6 WooL IHuajpur • 13·1 U·• 13·7 13·3 12·0 11·7 U·ll 12·6"'' U·ll 12·0 11·7 10·7 16·7 U·7 11•6 11·0 10·7 J alt,.l~url • • U·& U·7 1~·7 16·0 16•0 U·ll U·O 12·8 10·11 10·8 12·7 12·2 17•6 16·2 16•11 17·6 16·0 Darj..,llu~, . U·• 13·7 1~·7 U·· U·7 U·O 13·0 12·7 10·6 10·1 H·3 13·6 U·6 13·7 16·0 H·7 U·¥ Cu...:b llrbar :Sot avwlable

TOUL • 12·8 11·7 U·ll 1U·G 11·8 8·6 11·3 12·8 11•11 10·6 11·7 11·1 111•0 ll·U IO·i 1U·O

TABLES FEMALE niRTIIS REPORTED PER 1,000 MALE niRTllS REPORTED ANNUALLY IN EACH DISTRICT 1941-1950

Year Bur.twu Blrbbum llankwa Kldnapur Booghly Bowr&b 24- CIOlCUtl& !lad Ia M&lda Jalpal• Par~~n•• woul

A ""'aAif' fur IHI·>I.I , ~~~~·ll Ull·G 11'•1·3 IIU·1 \IJj·~ ij,)~·9 1),)~·0 Uf)J·l •H·u u:J\1•0 IIU·2 K'J~·3 111~·6 \1.)1}·\) 1VU • IIJ\.1·11 ~H·S \hJ:!·B llt\4·0 11:.1·2 llml-tl IIU\1·7 9:11·0 M~0·9 VJJ·6 IIJU·O U..!:;·\) W7 ,.6 Vl~·G lVI! , 11.!~·6 ~H·M ij,'\d·~ lldl·6 QU·6 ~1'47·0 M\1\1•7 VO:>·V H•l·4 11:!1·7 \H:!·ll U.!0·6 117:1·7 11)7·~ ll.d·6 N,,t IVU • II.!J·II V.l~·6 w:.:.·6 1114·3 uao·& Ill 3·1 903·G ri'i7·~ ~·JI·J ll~i·tl llli·2 ...... 9 Vi'V·~ u-.;-o 1111 3 •"•JJ· IVU • II~Hi V~\1·~ DJ\1·& ~~··2 II:JI·8 91:.-1 11&•1·2 IJO~·U 8741·~ 1116·11 ii:J:i·O Ill ~·II 11'1:.·7 "&7·3 11;1)·11 at,Je IIIU . 1117·· g.;:,!·\) IIH·& \)J7·6 9!J·7 11041·6 MY'J·II ~'H·II t1Y7·1 "'J~·I UH·7 11<11·7 "li·f) u:,-;·• 111.!·1 1\''"' . v~-.-7 VIII·~ \1<141·0 Ill•!· \I Vl-1·2 11~\J·V \1010•6 ."U7•6 Ul &·;! :.11)1·\) \l.j'J•;! M'J,!O:J \HH·l IJ.: ·,·7 ,,.,,., 1111 ~ • w; >·11 9:11·7 WJ'4·6 \).",.:J·:. \I~J·1 lltii·Y Yi2.'i·l ... ~ ..;.; v,J,J·O VIJ·a 11~.1·~ II'JI·G 1111·" V, I· 6 u.:,:, d 1\IH • 11~6·1 11~:.·7 v:J·~ IIH·V 11:1~·7 111.10·1) 9116·3 ~~~··7 lltii·O 111~·3 IIU·7 111•1·6 IIH·II 11<\<)·6 liiU • ~~7·1 IIJ:l·l VU·7 11111·8 V31·5 IIUS·I tl~\l·tl 1111·11 11:1<1·1 11:!7·3 11~7·2 1118·1 IIH·U u~o • eu·7 8JO•I 111&·0 11~7·7 11;.:5·7 ~113·7 ~G7•6 11<12·8 1160·1 1111·3 1,03~·6 IIIJoiJ IIU·Z .. TABLE 6 n TOTAL DEAmS 1941-50 12 In ~ 10U·60 1041 11142 11143 .11144 11145 11140 11147 1048 19411 10~0 Ul Dlotrlc& Male l'emale Male J'emale Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female )!ale Female Male J'emale Male J'emale ll • 4 5 o 7 8 " 10 11 12 18 u 15 1S 17 18 111 20 21 22 23 Burdwao • 1112,412 1711,802 111,148 17,870 17,861 18,440 24,842 22,625 25,046 23,605 18,678 17,712 18,681 18,938 18,480 17,134 17,538 17,808 18.458 16,087 16,790 14,805 JllrbbumJ , 144,278 148,118 12,047 11,126 11,674 11,268 20,612 19,877 20,244 20,956 14,786 16,181 16,7711 16,982 18,812 13,291 11,681 11,466 12,244 12,488 11,869 ll.b37 Banllura • . 18H,629 180,806 18,9411 18,098 12,987 12,444 20,888 19,287 15,885 16,699 13,640 12,873 12,357 10,877 13,495 18,047 12,651 11,978 11,7711 11,877 11,268 10,231 )lldoapur , 888,4~0 816,8H6 27,1154 26,888 25,768 24,869 67,247 57,492 40,769 88,365 29,078 28,483 27,216 26,Q68 28,1169 28,666 29,626 211,648 29,722 80,227 27,154 26.1H6 Hoo11hlr 121,129 112,077 11,608 10,708 11,069 10,090 14,810 12,668 16,160 14,226 18,096 12,876 11,646 10,664 11,960 10,944 11,823 10,961 10,660 10,086 11,998 8,11411 Ho•rrab 186,072 122,198 10,8110 11,768 8,999 8,028 19,627 15,047 20,670 19,146 16,012 18,801 lll,flll 11,6118 12,686 11,727 12,626 11,872 11,858 10,728 10,899 10.490 li4·Parraoae 804,760 267,840 80,245 27,1181 26,444 28,464 61,8711 89,834 46,288 89,182 80,800 27,478 26,6411 22,691 23,786 21,440 25,625 23,480 24,708 22,750 21,438 111.050 Caloutta . 283,668 1118,701 19,718 18,468 14,473 10,121 27,709 U,669 29,602 23,248 23,824 18,054 20,249 16,888 22,858 18,777 25,767 22,411 22,623 19,839 27,850 24,846 Jiladla 121,660 116,998 11,408 10,848 11,844 10,688 19,708 19,184 16,851 14,917 12,860 11,891 12,619 12,212 10,113 11,721 9,616 11,417 11,493 11,664 8,641 8,168 )lunbldab~ 204,948 198,791 18,862 14,569 17,418 16,920 83,131 81,942 28,828 28,090 24,930 23,687 28,628 28,166 17,899 16,176 14,704 18,842 14,848 14,220 18,408 12,181 )I aida 74,844 86,698 5,461 4,705 8,8511 2,949 6,891 6,426 18,884 12,017 10,468 9,068 10,117 11,139 6,091 6,112 6,661 6,620 6,848 6,016 6,814 6,641 Wed Dloajpur : 78,777 66,888 6,990 6,872 5,887 4,1168 6.642 6,1118 11,656 8,1118 8,678 7,727 8,715 7,861 7,771 6,1191 6,988 6,897 6,908 6,468 7,246 8,47ll .JalpaiJIUrl • 111,291 104,298 10,422 10,017 10,211 9,691 18,988 12,871 14,147 13,168 12,615 11,692 12,248 11,177 11,776 8,984 11,881 8,786 9,171 11,080 11.492 8.901! Darjeello~ 60,1182 47,118 6,676 6,141 6,478 4,7117 6,870 6,888 6,018 6,616 6,672 6,266 6,624 4,411 4,416 4,116 4,4611 4,298 4,2Ui 4,061 4,601 4,141 Ooocb Be ar Not avallable

TOT~ • 2,U0,7U 2,058,114 201,178 183,047 182,818 165,678 832,181! 2112,084 800,42t 276,1146 233,312 216,288 216,831 198,358 201,062 188,108 198,401 186,877 1110,116 182,443 186,448 171,8117

TABLE 7

DEATH RATES (NUMBER OF DEATHS PER 11000 OF TH~ SAME SEX) A-Calculated on the population as the census of 1941

11141 11142 19U 1945 1947 1948 19411 11160 Dletrlot Male l'emale Male l'emale Male Female Male Female )!ale Female )!ale Female Male Female Male Female Male Female )!ale Female Male l'emale I a. 8 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 18 18. 111 20 22 !8 .lvera11t . :llurdwaQ • 111·8 20•2 18·2 19·6 17·9 U·ll 26·& 25-1 18·7 19·11 18•6 18·11 19·ll 17·6 19·· 10·6 16·8 16·4 Jllrbbum • 27•6 27•3 23•0 21•2 22•1 89•8 87•9 88'6 28.2 29·0 80•1 80•5 26'4 22'0 21•11 28•8 22'0 22•0 Jlaokura • 21·8 20·4 21•& 20·5 19·8 82·0. 80·2 24·4 20·8 19·& 19·0 17-1 20·6 111·8 18·8 18·1 17·8 18·0 Mldoapur 20·4 20·8 17·1 16·11 16·8 41·1 88·11 26·0 17·8 18·8 18·7 16·7 18·& 18·ll 111·0 18·2 18·8 16·8 Boo&bly 16·4 17·5 15·6 18·8 16·0 20·1 19·9 20·5 17·7 20•1 16·8 18·5 17·1 16·8 17·ll 14·8 18·6 14·0 Bonab • 18·ll 18·6 18-1 14·9 10·8 28·0 22·9 24·8 18·1 21·0 16·5 17·7 17·8 16·2 18·1 18·6 12·6 16·0 24·Pai'Jiao&l • 15·1 16·1 lti·O 16•9. 18-1 26·5 24·1 22·6 16·1 16·8 1ll-7 18·7 12·9 12·7 U·2 12·8 . 10·6 11·6 ()alcutta • .16-1 211·6 18·6 26•1 10·0 111·1 87·4 20•& 16•& 27·5 . 14·0 24·ll 28•0 ·17·8 84·1 16·5 . 18·8 87·8 Nadia • • 28·2 . 28·4 26·4 26·8 26·8 45·0 48·11 8CI-7 211·8 29·1 211·ll 211·11 23·8 22·8 28·1 22·0 20·0 20·0 Munbl4aba4 • 24·9 U·7 20•6 17·8 21·1 ,0·1 811·1 86·0 80·ll 29·0 28·7 28·4 19·8 17·8 17·0 17•, 16·8 14·11 Maida • 17·0 16·7 11!·8 15•7 7·11 18·8 12·7 81·8 24·8 21·8 28·8 21·6 12·0 16•6 18·0 ltl·tl 16·0 18·6 Wee& DloaJpur • 24·1 28•11 111·8 111·8 17•6 21·4 21·8 81·6 28·1 27·8 28·6 27·6 26-1 22·11 21-111 22·6 28·7 28·8 .J al palp:url • 24·1 27•1 22·0 28-Q 22·1 80·2 88•& 80·7 27·2 80'4 . 28·8 211·0 23·8 20o4 22·8 )9·0 20•8 28·1 Darjeelloll , 26·6 26·7 27·11 211-1 27·4 211·4 80·6 80·1 28·4 29·8 28-1 26·0. 28·8 22·, U·8- 21·1 28·0 28·6 (looob Behar · • Not avaUable Toru. • 11·6 21·2 17-6 18·11 16·0 17·1 11·0 ·80·1 28-6 20·1 21·2 11·8 17-6 11·2 17•1 111·2 11-1 18·8 18-1 17-7 TABLE 8 DEATII RATES (NUMBER OF DEATIIS PER 1,000 OF THE SAME SEX) 19-11-1950 "".} 8-Calculated on the estimated population on the 30th June of each year computed on the assumption that the population chan~ed at a uniform rate from one census to the next

U&l-60 1841 1042 U4S 19H 1945 1948 1947 1948 19411 I u:.O

Dlal.rlt\ Mal. J'o!IIAM IU!t Female Mu• J'emal~ llue Female llalo Female lllalt Female llli!-4 39·8 28·2 29·1 30·1 30·7 26·1 26·7 22·1 22·2 2~·· 24·0 1!:! 8 2!·3 8aftku.ra 21HI 21·8 17·6 17·8 ·~·7 16 6 20·1 2•Jol 17·1 16'9 16·6 16·8 40·6 36·3 25·1 24•8 17·8 1d•4 16·6 ltl-6 17"4 1d·1 17"1! 1~·11 17·7 1>1·9 )6·1 1d·l ::!)::J~' 18·0 17·1 16·6 16·7 14·8 16·8 19·6 19·4 20·1 21•7 17·4 19·7 16·8 16·0 16·8 16·6 14·7 ltl·6 U·7 16·2 1~·Y IM·4 lfowrab 16·8 111·11 U·1 14·8 10·7 12-1 23·3 22·6 24·9 29·ll 18·2 21·1 10·6 17·7 16·2 17·9 16·1 U·ll 18·7 18·4 U·O 11·1 lt·l'•ri&D&I• 16·0 16·11 16·0 16·8 12·11 U·9 25·0 23·6 22·4 23·6 16·1 16·6 12·7 13·6 11·7 1:.!-7 H·6 U·9 1 ~·1 13·4 111·4 ll·ll (. aJeuu.a 16·8 30·9 13·8 25-1 10·0 15·6 19·2 37·8 20·9 37·0 17·0 29·1 14·6 26·6 16·0 30·4 111·6 ¥6·8 16·2 81·8 1Y·O ~U·II Jl'&iil• 27·1 ~7·6 26·4 26·8 24·7 24·6 42·6 H·1 85·3 86·8 28·9 28·6 28·2 ~9·3 22·8 23·8 21·6 22·6 21-1 U·1 IU2 tu·6 M urohhlabad 23·8 23·7 20·4 17·8 20·7 19·1 39·1 3>1·0 36·1 34·6 30·6 29·4 28·9 28·7 21·7 l!O·O 17·9 17·1 17·B 17·4 U·1 U·K ~altta 17·3 16·2 12·8 11·2 7·7 8·8 13·4 12·6 30·7 27·9 24·2 21·2 23·4 21·2 14·1 11·9 16·0 12·8 1~·1 13·7 16·4 U·K W "' Hlnajpur U·O 23·11 111·8 111·2 17·6 18·0 ~1-1 21·8 31·2 1!2·1 l!d·O 28·1 2d·4 1!7·8 26·4 26·4 22·11 21·4 l!2·U 22·11 2~·6 2~-a Jalpal~url • 2~·8 2U·7 22·6 26·0 24·6 !7·6 aa·4 36·6 34·4 37·9 30·9 34·2 30·8 32·7 24·1 26·1 22·11 26·3 22·1 ~[1·7 22·7 26·1 ltaljr,..llnl 26·8 26·7 27·11 29·2 27·4 27·1 2Y·4 30·4 30·4 31·4 28·9 30·2 23·6 26·8 22·8 2a·4 2N 24·2 21·0 22·7 22·7 2J·II CQO<:b .llohat Not •~aUable

TOUL 111·4 21·2 17·6 18·8 16·7 18·2 28·6 29·6 26·2 28·8 20·4 22·3 18·9 20·4 17·6 19·1 17·2 111·2 18·4 18·6 IG·O 17·4 w 0 Nou.-The high rates for females in Calcutta in this table and elsewhere are due to the male population of Calcutta being ~~:rcatly overweighted by yo una adults.

TABLE 9 ANNUAL DEATH RATES BY SEX AND AGE GROUPS 1941-1950 DEATHS REPORTED PER 1 ,000 OF THE SAME SEX AND AGE LIVING AT TilE CENSUS OF 1941 (Note-Rates for the a~e group "under 1 year" are calculated on the number of births recorded that )'ear)

.AY•ra~e of Altla•l blrtb d~N.·a+.ie 19H 19,2 19,3 uu 1946 1946 1047 1U'II 1 ~•u l"l..tJ 11•1 (I U41-C>O)

llalo Frmale .Wale Female ll.Uo F•malo llale Female Male Female Male Fe malo ll.. l. Female llalo l'truale )blo l'tlll•lc llalo J'twalo )hlo rt'IJJ.&le I • 4 6 0 7 8 II 10 11 12 13 u 15 16 17 111 IU 2<1 21 22 2J

.Alla~ra IU·6 21·2 17·6 1~·9 15·11 17·1 2~·11 30·1 26·1 2~·6 2U·S 22·2 18·8 2()·4 17·6 H2 17·3 ]IJ·l H6 1"·11 I~ I 17 7 0-1 1 ;~-· };!:1":.! 1~1·6 l3U·~ 117·U 27~·8 2:l~·7 2•,·6 2oo·O lo4·3 170·6 HV·II 10~·2 1::.0·~ 1J~ 0 142·& 1.10·4 1H ~ 1<1..·4 H' 2 I J w·7 1-6 U·6 "'"toe u 16·0 17·11 1.'>·0 16·0 ~7·2 21i·1 25·0 27·1 IV·~ 21·2 17·9 1~ ~ 1•·9 11 7 l; ~ ;.:u ~ 17·& 1' n l' ~ j, • ~Ill U·O 10·! 9·6 7·6 S·5 J:l·7 15·0 H·O 14·4 9·8 11·3 9·1 1U·3 7·8 Ill\ 7·6 e" e ~ .., " 7·4 1t>-U 6·11 8·7 0.~-· •·2 6·7 6·5 1U·4 9·7 11-e 9·· 7·5 I!·~ II·U 11·7 6·~ 6·~ 6·1\ 6 J 6 ~ .6 I 6 4 ~-" 10·:! 0·11 g.2 1:!·4 1d·l l1·4 1:;·6 ~·II 1\·~ )IJ·~ ~~~ nw ,.. , I ll·O 7·11 H·2 l1·1 7·6 IU·l 7·3 .. ,., .. r.-"'' }I)-~~-· ~IJ·2 I J·ll J;j·; "1·3 ~ )q II !••-:.it) U·~ II·~ 1~-e 1\·3 l1·5 LJ·1 IU5 1u·~ Iu·~ 11·11 11·2 1.!·1; 1\ ~ It"' u~ . !.\I_,._-4LI I,.~ 1:>·1 1:!-~ D·U li·U 1:!·· :to·O ~l·Y .., .. ~1·1 14·1 Jri. 13·2 lf>"l 10·11 l•J·d 11·6 IHJ l•J·I'I I I :1 )IJ{J I~ I .._~\) :i~)- .~-"\-~ ~I)· if .. 7 U·ll b·d 17·11 l~·U I 5·11 3<>·7 27·7 2n·" ~1·0 20·3 IY·2 ·~·0 )1·7 !1·11 17·11 I 7<1 I 7·U I 7·3 17·3 bU-t\<) J:.·:i U·G Jl·S ~~~ g ~ ... -;! ~d·\) bl·1 .. 7·1 4d g t:,-.) ;j<\ ~ :~::;-6 ~·1·8 3:!·6 ::S:!·l 3~·H 31·6 at ~ :.SIH~ ~J·II ~I I :11 7 o.J aud abo•• b4·0 Yt·4 1J·t el·d 6<1·1 H·O l1~·9 l~

Weot Burdwao Dlrbhum Daokura Mldoapur Booghlr Bowrab U· Calcutta lfadla Mnnhl• Maida Weot .Jalral· Cooeb ·JI•nllal Par.aDal daiNid Dl~~aJpar IUfl B. bar

.Uv••• for 1841·60 .011·11 114·& 11112·0 040·0 0'8-7 121·1 004-7 177-1 8211·1 861·11 f411·8 878·& 81111·8 837-1 826·1 lOU ,000·11 DON 1128·11 1188·11 0"·0 1180•11 8110·1 11211-1 11811-1 liON 18&·0 1111·8 8118·1 1161-1 1122·0 .... 008·1 1120·4 1178·· 1101-11 1186·1 1111·8 8112-1 888·11 111111·1 1128·11 IIU·8 877•11 021·8 11&11-1 878·0 1"' '1711·1 1110•1 1104·1 1128·11 111,·11 168·8 ,..1 7711·1 8811·8 871·0 DOH 111-1 110&•1 1128·8 1117·11 IOU 011·1 o•a-o 1,0811·1 1182·0 1141·8 1138·8 1128·1 888·1 786·1 1141-1 1176-11 1101-l 1128·8 1180·8 1117·1 Not 11148 021-7 oao·• 1,028·1 1118·8 11711·11 083-1 IIID·8 1108·11 7117-8 112&-7 11110·1 088·8 1100·1 118&·1 1128·& ..... u. able Ud 010·11 1111-l 1,012·11 880·1 1167·11 11011·8 898·8 88H 78&·1 1187-7 1180·11 1103-8 8711-1 1112·11 1168·11 10&7 026·11 027·1 1171·· 1188·1' 11811·11 1116-1 1181'7 1108·8 8811·8 11111·1 1118·11 8311·8 81111·8 1111·11 1181·8 .... • 0&1-IJ tll•l DIIH 11114-1 1,100·8 081·0 ..o-. 1118·1 8811·8 1711·· 111•7 8 ••• 1188·11 1180·8 .... • 111111·11 11711•6 1,016·7 1186·11 1,017·0 11611·0 o•..a 1120·11 868·0 1,017•0 ""'11111·1 00&·11 878·8 118&·11 1181-1 111110 ,112&-1 11211•0 1171·0 11011·1 IIIIH 8116-1 1,008·8 888·8 1108·· 11&6·0 1108·8 817-11 8118·2 1187·1 1100·0 TABLE 11 NUMBER OF DEATIIS ANNUALLY REPORTED FOR EACII SEX BY AGE GROUPS J941-19SO A-Males w Male death a ..... per 1,000 lUI 11141 111&8 111411 111&0 female doatho, averaA'tt 11141·60 1 I a ' II e •• • 10 11 11 1 All•1•• o 1101,178 182,818 8811,1811 800,&211 188,1178 111,881 101,001 1118,401 180,111 1811,4&1 12&,078 l,O~II I 0-11 118:&80 1111,0011 110,6011 87,88' 17,818 12,1178 611,1128 67,178 68,781 0&,080 8&,888 1,161 0-1 • 87,1100 8&,8&8 811,688 68,000 U,D4D 40,711, 88,8811 88,11711 88,1170 80,&11 40,7&8 1,18!1 11oder 1 DIODt.b 10,711& 18,8011 8&,871 80,1111, 1&,008 11,817 18,7117 18,1" 18,&88 U,ll6' 11,1167 1,181 1 t.o I DIODthl , 11,007 10,881 10,8118 17,081 18,1128 ' 11,11011 11,184 10,&90 10,781 10,188 18,001 1,111 I t.o 11 mootha 11,1811 .,0118 8,&88 7,11711 li,DOO 6,618 I,& II' •• 1141 .,781 6,820 1,788 1,041 · l tolr••• 10,1180 18,1111 88,1181 Bo.fa& 18,814 111,1011 lt,l&l 119,108 11,818 18,118 14,111 181 • 1-10 18,810 11,1101 11,887 10,700 11,078 U,800 u,eu 11,188 11,&&1 11,1188 1&,8117 1,081 ••o-u • • 8,&110 7,1117 18,11111 11,118 8,7111 8,10t 7,888 7,181 7,1&0 0,874 t,ll7 1,1811 • 11-10 • • ,,840 7,118 111,91111 11,717 8,098. 8,&80 7,.711 7,61111 1,8&1 7,180 8,1140 101 eao-80 • • 111,071 17,1188 81,&01 18,&81 11,1111 10,&90 111,0111 18,807 17,181 17,181 11,1011 f11 '10-40 • • 11,11011 111,,110 811,610 81,111 _1,,981 18,180 11,186 10,&011 111,1&11 17.710 18,1111 1,186

I&G-110 o ' I 11,1011 111,870 811,111 81,7611 1. U,I&'J. '. 111,888 111,221 11,148 18,791 111,710 18,781 1,478 =' 1 ao-eo • . ,. .. lt,Sl& .it,6a. ','.' 111.721 . 1 , iO,IIIl '. '0,178 J '. -11,101 : IO,lllf ' 1o_140 · u.aaa 11,881": 11,&&8 1,8111 10 eo 4abo,.. • 10,880 17,11811 110,11110 ••.11• .1.-/•~•o•. l -; 88,108 8&,181 88,1111 98,118 81,081 811,8811 1,06 • TABLE 12 NUMBER OF DEATHS ANNUALLY REPORTED FOR EACH SEX BY AGE GROUPS 19-U-1950 B-Females

rom• I• ~ •• u.. g:r l,OUO male U41 1042 1043 uu 1146 to•& lOU to•~ n•o 10~0 UU·6ll ath•. ••~~r-re ••• 1V61•b0 l I a • 6 8 7 8 ll 10 11 n u

I AU .... • 183,047 166,678 202,083 276,046 216,288 108,356 188,103 186,877 182,U3 171,397 206,811 tU

I 0--6 62,863 ,7,817 8,,363 70,082 62,176 67,283 60,978 62,780 61,701 ,8,020 68,896 go~

11-1 81,740 28,710 60,647 ,8,022 87,331 84,80' 28,660 28,U6 20,463 26,608 ••• 2QI) ua

Coder 1 montb 18,184 U,&SO 26,826 24,,86 10,035 17,641 13,128 U,007 U,7U 11,736 17,136 7d0

1 &o I moo~ 10,703 0,881 17,078 16,193 12,688 11,604 10,077 o,uo 0,836 8,8U 11,803 892 :,.,' l-:1

110 liiDOnthe • fo,86S ,,300 7,7U 7,343 6,708 6,269 6,384 4,968 4,863 6,122 6,681 061

1 &o I r•an 21,123 19,107 33,706 31,960 U,SH 22,880 22,409 24,865 22,328 23,222 U,606 1,0~U

I &-10 • 13,400 12,120 21,380 20,278 16,760 U,6U 12,480 12,630 11,3113 10,806 U,U7 07U

6 10-16 • 8,663 6,1128 10,667 0,1116 7,707 7,103 8,1113 8,203 6,11~0 6,7118 7,1~· Hi

11~-20 • 11,600 8~93 16,160 14,373 11,173 10,2119 11,376 11,1178 10,018 0,3~8 10,770 1,266 111~10 • • 24,546 22.203 89,168 87,138 28,870 26,610 24,811 2t,089 u,2:;e 21,001 27,3:00 1,2'J

t »0-40 • • • • 1~.6\ld 16.~22 211,678 28,138 21,873 20,145 18,754 18,846 17,884 18,3116 20,713 e•1

&6~0 • • • • 14,260 12.~~8 22,7~3 2U7f 16,771 16,6:;g 16,183 U,6~6 13,8:03 1UG7 18,147 17~

• 60-(10 • 14,332 12.~~ta 22,870 21,6~5 18,8(1.7 1S,C.2:. 16,743 16,4116 1!.~7!. 1:..,363 18,611 74()

1~ 60 A et>oto • • 2!\,~~;. 20.227 66,266 .3.8~~ ~un2 ~LtB !.?f.:i.f\ 33 TABLE 13 FEMALE DEATHS PER 1,000 MALE DEATHS ANNUALLY BY RELIGIONS 1941-1950

AnnualaTerage Hindu Muslim Christi&a. Aboriginala Jaina

1941-60 922•5 896•9 851'6

1941 92(-3 934•6 892·9

1942 917"8 897'1 823•4

1943 876-1 799•8 813-1

1944 .. . 925•6 896•2 850·3 .

1945 928•4 924'0 871'9 Not available

1946 912•0 931·2 928•8

1947 929•8 906·8 898•1

1948 942•7 910•2 856•9'

1949 959•3 970•4- 835·3·

1950 936•3 869•2 911•9 TABLE 14 MONTHLY AVERA<:;E NUMBER OF FEMALE DEATHS PER 1,000 MALE DEATHS,: ALL RELIGIONS, HINDU AND MUSLIM 1941-1950 .

Average of each month (1941-50) AU religiona Hindu MU8lim

January 918'0 933'0 1110·4.

February 892•4 908·3 900-7

March • 877•6 906'() 856·0

April ·• 888•7 898·1 848·3

:May . 886-8 906'6 857'1

June . • 875·4 894'6 841·5

July . 887•4 896·2 87&%

Aupst 896·1 904·9 869-3

September . 901'1 . 904•7 889-2

Oot.ober 134·2 841·3 9%4·8

NOftlllber 97()-1 117()-4 979-1

Deo.aber . 957-8 1161·1 1120'1 3t

TABLE 15.1

Al't.l'tUAL DEATHS FRO~I "CHOLERA" BY s~x 19-U-~a

A ..,...,. Cor 1 ~u -.>0 1~4:! 1~43 uu uu u.~ Ka.l@ Fem&le Ka.le Fem&le Kale ... Fem&le X.t.le Fem&le lil.a.le Female )I ale hmale 8,~5S w-t f',.ocaJ 11,0"4 8,178 7,HS 5,8TO 5,557 24,10.4\2 ~\l,:'tA~ 10.~1)7 11.~:1 if'l1 t'll) •.~:n S,7'1l l\ur•t•allll • ,... 4:?t ~4& ~.~1 ~-"'•7 :!,7 ... 1 ;~~ ~47 lri7 tl':.! f\trbhq~a • 4CJ 6~7 6o1 :!:,~ 2"~ I.~~3 ~.O,\j 41><1 5.\;! SIJ 41J Jt•nkura • 4..:U 4t\~'"~ 32Z 312 .... 2 44I 2,:.!.l.) 2 •• ~6 :il~ :,H4 ~~~ 'e•l:.! l4a.ln•f•Qf. 1,UTI 1,1~~ 6.\1) 5M 7~4 ~."l:! 6.~.)1 5,4~· I,llll 1,1.\~ ~::• ~,,, JtrJII'J4f :,JF • sa 3"I %611 2Tl 343 3~; IIU l.OU 4111 3~4· t•J :-~ 1, .... 4 1,0\11 1,0:?1 ii7 6~;! Hn•rah . 8Tl !.~64 2,37~ 1,4 ...~ 1.>1; 1,c·~• 1.111;! : t-i•arraDU 2,::!""'" 1,1·~ 2.~:.!.j 2,750 953 ~60 6,617 6,11& 3.f1l•3 ,,.ti•} ,... ~ jiJ 1,070 7:1" 1,1111 7~& 330 ···lrtU.La • I5l I,l43 t\35 l,l\~)0 5~7 1.~:::. ~-7 ~ ·j~ 4\1.), {IO toll 243 ... u. . :!~· 1.~·l I,6\15 ~11 :!·~ l::d l.~S M•Jr>hi.S.bad 5114 . &17 6TO 6fil 663 6~\1 2.•~15 2.~~~:t 313 ~tiU ~ .. !olal~a . I~~ 215 92 71 62 41! 415 473 l4i ~lid 156 u:.~· ~~ ",., l>loajpur 142 35 24 2~ 45 532 41\0 It~~ I' I ~~ Jolr>&l•~~rl I3G 1211 102 117 72 M ~6& t<30 u 6:. ...~· , )Juj,..,.llnl ~1 13 27 22 78 45 ~4 17 1G~· lei C<.ov< h ll<'loal

U46 1947 19'8 H49 111:.o r---A----, ------... Male J'emale ldale Female Male Female Male Frmale Kale f

W••l 8<-n•a.J 4,8P& •• ~78 &,270 6,220 6,975 6,8!5 G,iP2 7.0~4 8,751 8,4 1 1~ Htlrfiwaa • 236 210 3~1 436 651 710 64<1 610 ts7:J v-:~ IHrhhura • 70 IS 340 342 163 i:J 15I '. 1~3 1~4 Jhnkura • 114 I26 226 307 150 I66 t:l:! -· 151 ~04 ~ld "l•lnapnr. 1Q~ 2.16 618 562 685 6j2 IJU1 ~Hti 6H :.!.'li tlnovhly • 273 2110 323 377 431 4:lO 1,0:.!:! 6:iZ. it\3 ~j· 1,1<~6 !t·Panranaa 8•2 917 928 1177 1,592 1,640 2,661 2.~63 1,1<"4 f'alrutc..a • 4U" 243 975 660 I,464 1,014 itH 7:.!1 l,l•;-~ ~.~·-iU\1 ~.,u. . et5 677 240 271) 3113 46ft 362 <61:! 7:.!4 :,!tlj Mor•hldabad 600 648 166 I 50 261 846 215 2£15 2:1~ 2t~4 )hh1a • 636 642 25 27 170 15~ 150: I 50 277 4tl;j " .. , lllnajpur 177 I76 H5 110 :?9 70 63 4014 117 J alp•l••lll 22 11 24 27 36 35~· 84 46 1011 l>art...-Hna 16 II 13 3 10 6 4 14 Co<>

TABLE 15.2 ANNUAL DEATHS FROM 41 FEVER" BY SEX 1941-50 Fever includes Malaria, Kala-azar, Blackwater fever, Measles, Relapsing fever, Cerebrospinal fever, Influenza, Enteric group of fevers, Typhus, and • Other fevers ', for some of which figures are iiven separately elsewhere Lut are included in the totals of this table. Av•fl•lle Cor 111U•f>O 1041 I9~2 1943 19H 11146 ,...... -.-"--. Male Female Male Fema.le l\lale Female Male Female Male Female Male }'emale

\\'rd R··nQal 120,149 111,3R1 119,810 95,607 03.187 89,6:o5 172,652 155,338 175,2U1 168,430 124.~211 12r.r.r,• 1\nr·l••n 11.~~2 11,341 I0,7tl0 10,5011 I0,096 10,087 );j,;\j;j U.6~5 I 7,100 16,1;:')\J 11.07~ 11.417 1\lrt•huro 11,0\19 11,4112 7,~19 7,673 8,040 8,183 15,1113 14,1133 16,~ti3 17,1181 11.~:,2 l:!,f'IH6 l\ankura 11,278 8,3•6 7,9i6 8,058 7,234 7,701 12,.50 11,M08 10,3:!2 1H,7ll 7,tl77 7,b:i:l lt~tt.napur. 1~.277 18,452 15,7:!2 11>,660 13,4411 13,608 32,8\II 2~,740 25,7~~ ~5.:!66 1&,7ill 17 .~--:J lf•.,n.rhly 4.7112 4.7114 4,483 4,679 4,47ij 4,448 6,196 6,762 6,692 6,6:)0 4,1110 6,:117 H11•r•h 3.3119 3,057 2,000 I.ll40 1,899 1,607 5,204 3,R22 6,496 6,177 3,476 a.•&• ~t·l'arvan .. 1:!,:!~8 11,116& 11,\1[•1 11,623 11,352 I0,5119 22,409 17,0A3 22,Ioa ID.~\10 l:l,47 4 ·~,f,,•q t alr•l\t.a 3,0:<5 2,:!1'\t.l 1.872 1,2110 I,ll47 I,2111 3,514 2,660 4,461 ~.VU2 3.f,.!; :!,:!'•1 ~ •• ua 8.64>l! 8,4:•6 8,4:!1 8,012 8,0:!8 7,7115 I3,808 13,862 12,7&7 t :!.:~Ha t.1,7Hl "·:!i2 \l•lr'h'dab~ 15,11•1 14,4~5 11,3112 10,001 12,136 11,230 25,6•I 24,7~1 24,271! 24,116 ).Ill, I ;,:l 17,fl\,f() \I&J.la 6.~:17 6,147 4,.:!5 3,l'\20 2,703 1,7ti3 4,761 4,!!64 11,549 IO,:Jtll M,64:1 7,477 \\ _, lllna)pur • ••• ~1 4,

11146 1947 11148 111411 I~;;o ~ Kale Female lllale Female Malo Female ldale Female Kale )'emale

W#OOI 1\•nial 11 ,,o~s 10~.~TS 103,1~7 101,3711 96,774 1111,139 II~,M1 114,0011 84.~~~ 81,7:.!~ ,~ .• ,..1••• 1U.04t Y,l'l71 ll,tll~ 10.11~9 9,U•'3 I11,644 9,377 IU.Wl~ "·447 M,4.lf) li~rt•hrHa U.4•S u.nn 10,!'."'1 10.~07 11.~17 ~.O.l" 9.~13 tn,ou:\ ~,t\AIJ •. tH.-~ l\•nlura 7 .H ttt tl.TVl ~.:!!lO .... ~~ 1,i.JI) 1<,14:1 7.~~-1 7 ,7a5 ~."""""' ~.~II ~l·ln•l·'lf U,413 I ;,11114 1tl.5T4 1;",!).{2 I6,6T4 I 7, 766 15,71:! 17,31" 14, I"'~ 14.T4~ U~hly 3,~1\J 3,47tl a.:. 11 4,3:3 4.~4; ··f,4·~ 4,5T9 4,14& 4,4iO 4,171 ltlJwratll 3 .• ~11 3,1~~ S,l:>l 3,1>7 3,:!~~ 3,tY7 3,11); 8,1>1& ~.Oi:l I,••J %,...... Jt ..'\rlt\ 11.~·"1 1U,i03 9, •. <7 IO,\Jf\~ 10,40'4 ~.:,"'s V,:!r\.'i ~.4t>.:o4 7 ,if\:.! t.'•l<"'Utla J HI ~-~-~~ 3.0~1 ~.I!Tl 3,3~· 2.~.!3 2,TY3 2.~:.:0 2, i~:; 2,:-lto'l 1\ ..h. !'l,J,., 7,1U 7 ,o .. " 8.1"'.-t tl.1•4 ti,JV1 fl.~u b,~l"d r..l"" "'lr-.hl·la~ lft.ult"·~"'" 1.">,,.;& 13,1111 1:!,1113 IO,f'.IQ to.:!:,, 10,4211 10,!.iY 9.113 .,,414 e ...... _ ,_,...joil .... ,. 7.•H 4,'wl' .. :1 4,1fiS '·"·):! t,IIS~ 4,4'-1'11 4,"' t:t t,IOl " ... , l>~uirv : 6,1.\'! 4 \~g 4.[l'4"il 4,1W\;J 4.1~:! 3Y'1 3,7.i~ 1.~1~ J,..,r,41 J,:.,...... J •lp•t~tur1 ···•t 6.?U 4,0;.j9 3. j11 3 .... " ~.IU 3.J~S 3,0"1;) 1,114~ •.~;4 ,,.,.,,....t:n• ~.~;· !.l..,~.J z.•~s ~.~1~ :t.•~t 2.!Tt 2,UU I,eCI4 2,16(> l~~xb ... ., ··"""1 35 TABLE 15.3

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM "SMALL-POX" BY SEX 1941;,50

.&. ver!U!e for 1114l·60 1941 1942 1943 liiU 1846 .. ..., • . • :Hale Female •llale Female Male l!'emale :Hale l!'emale llllale Female llale Female w ... t Beo11al 4,252 4,267 4,8710 4,411 513 li10 1,187 1,074 ll,li3' 11,66' 11,1108 12,088 Burdwao • 273 803 854 350 122 12, 18 11i 132 1311 862 • 1171 Blrbbum • 104 103 66 72 82 71 27 3' 122 128 31111 420 Bankura • 151 1311 43 48 li 7 8 .. 611 60 1,104 1,003 Mldnapur. 162 166 115 611 4 2 61 40 880 8411 li68 6112 Boogbly • 267 286 248 245 13 13 22 26 458 6011 1,131 1,2.67 Bowrab • 714 735 &H 604 113 103 124 124 1,602 1,6110 1,078 2,134 24·Pargaou 667 li58 862 871 116 1111 1U 152 1,867 1,3117 2,138 2,0[>1 Calcutta • 1,661 1,636 1,486 2,0&9 61 40 710 602 8,761 8,675 1,116 1,064 .Nadia • 108 114 80 66 2 8 40 39 275 270 138 162 Murshldabad 192 1114 57 71 5 16 13 13 108 117 1,035 1,061 Malda . • 67 67 u 48 7 7. 8 1 54 50 218 234 Weat Dloajpur • 69 72 ~ 8 I 8 18 12 135 262 67 71i Jalpalgurl 15 8 I 11i 18 66 84 43 lS Darjeellng 18 7 2 8 6 1 IIi 10 at 111 Coocb lle bar 11146 11147 11148 111411 11160

Male J!'emale Male Female Kale Female Kale Female llaJe l!'emale

WeotBengal 2,450 2,621 1,536 1,590 3,1161 8,1148 63' 810 6,1118 8,277 Burdwao • 666 7611 1211 130 us 183 40 87 286 3lli Blrbbum • 218 186 28 23 46 42 4 63 61 Bankura • 105 83 11 11 63 77 6 3 105 96 Mldnapur. 20 17 32 81 132 106 46 40 811 817 Hooghly • 117 116 41 28 126 140 81 23 476 602 Howrab • 220 231 110 83 624 4113 86 70 8611 1122 24-Pargaou 168 178 36 40 324 284 103 93 410 8111 Calcutta • &II 65 931 1,041 2,438 2,457 287 2111 1,768 . 8,060 .Nadia • 218 222 33 31 43 67 17 83 248 260 Murshldabad U1 4211 24 31 28 211 10 11 202 184 Maida • • 62 65 17 7 74 68 2 8 101 Ill West Dlnajpur • 176 177 122 123 15 17 60 60 Jalpalgurl 4 2 s 2 4 8 8 llarjeellng 8 1 Ill II 2 8 '6 88 24 Cooeb llebar

TABLE 15.4

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM 11DYSENTERY, DIARRH

.&.verage for 1941·60 11141 1942 11143 1944 11146 ~ Ifale llale Pemale »ale Female Pemale llaJe Female llaJe Female llaJe Female West Bengal 12,306 : 'a756 18,1156 13,279 12,042 10,929 20,340 20,727 18,933 17,107 12,668 11,7116 Burdwan • 976 888 1,208 1,098 970 1100 1,262 1,123 1,067 962 lllrbbom • 255 607 U7 830 721 293 467 uo 665 4116 376 820 172 131 Bankura • 714 683 1,068 983 789 786 1,163 948 906 1124 1,821 1,768 1,649 6U 631 Mldn•pu. 2,113 2,8711 11,056 1,682 5,341 3,253 '2,8811 1,680 1,626 H0011hly 1,438 1,453 1,234 1,307 1,316 1,331 2,093 1,773 1,752 1,816 1,300 Howrab 2,111 2,076 1,685 1,685 1,683 1,643 1,366 3,378 2,676 8,2.70 3,2.78 2,088 !,121 ~4·P&!11rO.IlU 2,209 2,060 1,859 1,932 1,6119 1,937 4,573 • 3,581 3,145 2,704 1,725 1,671 Caleot\a 1,898 1!,587 2,196 1,'181 1,956 1,3111 3,930 3,307 3,312 . 128 2,696 2,401 2,00S .Nadia 303 260 166 2311 146 260 215 321 217 Mur.ohldab;.d 373 340 219 186 334 320 254 230 . 345 2811 261 246 411 874 Maida 128 96 66 48 53 41 76 64 126 110 Weat Dlnajpnr : 174 137 91 73 116 93 183 lli us 107 136 86 128 101 Jalpal!lllrl 6112 610 3411 286 213 167 420 383 616 478 668 lise D&rj...-ling us 368 460 3118 432 317 661 424 495 CoO<·h .U.:har 401 497 .. .,

11148 11147 11148"" 111411 11150 Kale Female Kale Female Kale • , Female llaJe Pemala llaJe l'eaala Weot Bengal 1S,SliS 12,318 13,6111 13,181 14,391 U,040 14,071 13,427 14,624 Burdwaa. 718 611 8~ 746 1112 896 14,011 Blrbh•m • 93S 866 1,0411 1165 128 Hi l!~ 166 164 160 U7 111 Banl

Male lh.la female lllue female lllue female hmal• ,...... w ..t l"'n•u 7 I ll fifJr-1••• • I h1rt·h1&• • han&u.ra .. \l,.lnarar .. u,..."':"' . Ho•raa ~4-.l'arl&QU ( a)r•Uta • ~ .. ~~.. . )I

1940 19H 1948 1~49 lu:,o ~ !dale Fffllale !dale Female lhle ft'male )(ale Female )tale •. \"tlll\18 w,..t tw-na-al 3 H 4 u 1:! finr,jwan • • 1 P.trt.t,nro • t~ 111 n lnara • ~:dn•T>•lf. 1 H·..,->1lhly • tf .. wrah 4 2 :.! 4· P~~or~t&.nal t al••1tla • 'is 0 13 2 40 ltJ a )tn,...hidal,ad'•·tl• . \4"al,la • Wf'.,t (Jirnt.jpur Jall'•hmri l••fJ•·t'llrtll l"•OO< h tw-t.ar

TABLE 15.6

A!';NUAL DEATHS FROM "RESPIRATORY DISEASES OTHER THAN T. B. OF LUNGS" BY SEX 1941-50

Average for 1941·60 1941 1942 1943 1944 ,... 1946 Kale Female Male Female Kale Female .Male Female .lol.ale Female Male female

Weot Jl•nt;al U,llS 12,523 21,003 13.3~2 18.361 14,486 21,514 13,626 22,394 u,6:.s 20,5G2 13,337 thu•t•aa. 1.4~3 llU 2,0~5 1,;!18 1,(>13 8<4i 1,443 ~07 l,tr.e 1140 1,a1a 7U7 IHrl•hum 3~7 Ud 721 463 6~11 41!9 545 853 .. lH) 260 ~ti4 213 thnkura v:;s 654 1.1~1 ;oa 1,0110 6H~ 1,0:!7 641 l.IJ~3 e.-~._, l.OH 6 •tl \lt.tnapur • 2,636 l,Hl 3,ll~ll 1,673 2,413 1.3.•M 2,7:12 1,669 ~.~u7 1,6117 2.7'~3 1,411\1 II•Jo\l"lllJ 1.74~ l.Ot3 1,11611 1,176 1,~76 1,01<4 2,0tl~ •• ~13 2,206 t.a-. 1,04:! 1,1 'tl lt•1•rah 1.~o!J 1,163 1.~72 1,2W 1,423 ~,..2 2.143 1,203 2,4tJI l,{l~r, l,Mtl\1 1,1111) tt-t•arllaou 2,156 1,4:lQ 2,731! 1,5t16 2,.il ,,3:!i 2,~:11) 1,3 ... 2 ... ~3 1,6:1!1 2.317 l,:.!i 1 t'alruu.a :S,it~ 2,578 3,558 2.3~· 2,'';'17 1,iii 4,037 2,794 4,370 2,111:1 8,\IU 2.~ ... \1 Sa.J1a 37, 213 3:!9 2tHS 4$3 215 6tl6 316 354 tl\1 473 ;t~U :\l•a,...blda~d 343 271 213 ItO 3111 2:11\ 6:!5 3411 4112 8"1 H\1 1r5 1\16 1114 1:·6 ):16 "1 7 .... 1 "f"s& UlnaJpar .. ~~~ 6>lH tUi ~"1 7~~ 671 t!J6 6jll ~111 6i2 llU J alp4hnnl !.~uo 1.6~\1 2,l:il 1.6~1) 2,111 1,413 2,4116 1,7:H' 2,6:13 2,1111 2Jo<7 l,K76 Hart""tHll 3<>d :~.:..t' U6 3\14 6

U~CI 1~7 11148 111411 u:;o

Kale Ff'malr :Vale F•male :Vale Ft'male )I ale }'t'DI&It" MaJ• Jo\·n1al"

W'Ht 1\#n£&1 Ill ~61 12.f\6~ 18.~42 11.851 J7.!:!1S I 1.211 1&.46:1 10.4(18 B.fol\1 10.14~ lh&r•f•an I.H4 ;:~o 1.4J7 844 l.~~.e 646 1,1114 6YH l,~M\1 6 •.1 f\,rhhura 3:,7 ~t:l 274 130 ~7:J l.i.') tlO 14 i ~~~· Jl;, lla,,t..ura ~;"'!~ 4WM g,.., I1 g 3 .."'"" !, .. ,;" a.~~-~ 2,7 •:! 3.:t77 , ..j. 4 , .. tll 3~~ 176 3::11 ):! .. ~7d II • IU )tJ4J ~·~ \t l"'ttklabad 4~11 ~ 14 3111 I'> I 2~3 I I; ~41 ~71 I .4 Jnd !.!!1 ...... I"') ..... IH 64 244 l~ft ~·~ •• '*"'"' IHnah•ur 1.1•7 ~·.; II,_, Ul lloU 64:! vu ~;'"' ~·tl 87u Ja!t.,.ll(urt :. 1~\ 1, .. .:.4\ 2.116 1,46~ l.f• i:! 1,&c7 J,V'J'i 1,:.''"' J,.r..... 1 I,:!"'' , ..,,.. .. !'Ill Hll JJ~ So7 ~It 3t;.J; aw J6' :S12 aa7 31 .. \.· • .._ ... n lkhar 31 TABLE 15.7

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM" SUICIDE" BY SEX,1941-50 A,·crage for 1941·50 194l 1942 1943 11144 11146 lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female lllale Fem&la Male Female JfaJe Femala

W•·•l Bengal 652 539 489 531 484 528 643 643 660 476 &52 610 Burdwan • n 41 47 54 39 50 40 31 45 311 63 43 Blrhhum • 23 20 21 31 28 33 24 14 29 111 18 12 Duukura • 35 32 38 38 37 a9 43 24 36 811 26 40 MJdnupur • 46 H 49 42 35 37 51 62 46 45 43 43 Hooghly • 5S 67 63 76. 65 73 76 711 47 68 u 60 Howrah • 69 62 47 54 46 46 122 95 95 48 74 6i 24-Pargana.a la6 140 122 162 122 171 165 159 105 128 101 Ui Calcutta • 43 29 12 7 19 9 8 4 88 26 67 82 Na•lla • 24 .26 10 6 15 9 13 4 18 14 23 20 Murollldabad 42 . 43 31 25 40 33 42 45 48 41 67 61 Maida . 16 14 ll 8 II 7 18 17 16 12 14 II W<~st Dlnajpur 12 10 13 12 ll 6 10 9 8 6 18 10 Jalpulgurl 15 9 10 12 16 8 13 8 11 10 10 8 18 7 15 4 12 5 18 ll 111 12 20 I 8~t~·~~t..

1948 1947 1948 11149 196(, ~ ~ • lllale Female lllale Female Male Fem&le lllale Female Male Female- Wcot Bengal 678 698 507 490 557 559 692 695 666 634 llurdwan • 40 43. 88 30 35 37 43 61 26 43 lllrbbum • 16 23 26 24 21 20 2tl 20 20 14 llaukura • 89 81 84 27 27 26 37 411 84 22 .Midua.pur • 35 49 45 38 60 62 611 411 42 82' Hoo~hly • 48 67 67 64 72 63 611 72 61 63 Howrah . 70 ~5 67 5. 63 55 48 76 77 U-Parg&ll&ll 111 1as 7tl 110 92 121 107 176 111 108 Calcutt& • 49 22 43 43 63 lil 611 "46 88 62 N&dia • 88 87 82 24 20 43 38 64 88 47 Murshldabad 88 66 88 50 58 44 80 42 88 47 Mal

'TABLE 15.8

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM" CHILD BIRTH", 1941-50 Average for 1941·50 1941 1942 11143 1944 11"6

We~t Beng&l 8,391 3,755 3,33~ 2,93' 2,876 8,237 llurdwan • 292 350 821 2511 200 246 lllrbhum • 157 193 220 162 112 142 Han!..ura • 170 23Y 210 178 117 140 MJdnapur 565 6S5 557 6011 43i 634 H~hly • 228 290 279 230 216 183 HO\H&b • 137 192 122 148 193 164 879 6ltl 416 332 •. 818 892 ~~~an~ 191 61 211 26 208 208 ISadla • 128 68 43 81 106 136 11. llnlhldab&d 100 98 146 116 152 1811 :IbM& • • 110 111 107 811 126 117 W ... t Dlnajpv • 226 193 189 212 204 236 J&lpalgurt 637 638 664 480 8811 444 Darj...,lin!l llil 121 140 118 102 121 Coocb Bobar

U48 19n 1948 19411 11160

West Bengal 8,781 3,081 8,937 4,113 1.1166 Burdw&D. 312 2n 839 866 2311 lllrbhum • 157 121 179 187 118 llanl

A."iNUAL DEATHS FRO~I ".1\IALARIA" BY SEX, 19-11-50

lt&1 1114% 1H3

Female Female lola.le Female lola.le J'emalt

".11!3 ~.747 U,ll:-8 42,547 43,1~ U.\l.'oO 87,723 60,8611 84,0U8 82,799 62,H9 Cll,3o:. 0,1112 6,:!v7 10,006 --~lt4r•t•... •• !J7t) 6.\nS 0,4><1 6,71:1 10,31.14 12,014 11,974 0,548 u.~~;i 81rhrtl111• • •.• u 0.1101 S,,23 3,10711 3.;~1$ 3.11~0 11),.>39 10,740 12,843 13,706 8,~17 ll,:koi ...... :1.-11 a.&-~ :t..,;;Q ~.1133 ~.570 2,9c>J 5,6ao 5,963 8,972 4,310 2,375 •) .. -~ )l..S..-1-· 8,148 o.~ 6,11117 7,4119 6 ....11 6,~111 20,1:.!~ 18,0811 13,085 13,207 7,742 ;:;.;{a :r..~a 1,67»$ :l,;;o ll,!!,S 2.7~3 2,7\.lO 3,931 3,714 4,100 4,101 2,672 2.~1.; "'""' .1, • 1,1114 SJ:I 318 4-t•a 3~6 I,Sa7 1,332 2,182 2,058 u-... ~~ t.in 1,462 l,Ul 16-P.,.,a ...... 1,607 1,;21 :1.,824 S,OtiO 3,0t;3 7,6:J2 0,237 7,3113 0,727 4,000 3,9:<7 eur-.\c.a • 0011 120 t:!tl 700 4:!3 1.4118 1,004 2,204 1,502 1,132 7:!3 ~~~· 1.6 3,.:!;S 3,8,2 3,Ha 2,567 2,068 ~.... . 1.""7 s.r.u 4,314 S.H~ )I~ ... ~ ;,,~Jl 7,4.>1 6,933 o.•H 6,201 1:!,111:!3 11,736 14,593 14,514 14,123 13,7~4 llol0 l,t;.~lO 1,6.!4 2,017 1,9115 1,963 1,824 2,045 l,llld .hlpol.c••r1 t.l•l:t 1,117& 2,141 2,0~4 1,9.'>11 1,~78 2,345 2,141 2,148 2,06& 2,689 2,644 '-1-~io ... l.iOl l,IHO 1,3110 1,102 1,417 1,1U 1,671 1,425 1,8911 1,608 1,610 1,a~o ~ ilelaAr

1H6 11147 11148 11149 111&0 ~ ~ ~ Kale Female Male Female Male Female Male Femalt·

... Brapl 62,053 60,280 41,478 41,061 88,247 38,329 37,866 89,&40 211,234 28,691! JtaM•aa. 1,703 1,<11~ S,694 3,75l) 3,774 4,138 3,613 4,086 2,552 2,6114 litrt.ttura • 7,.>7:1 7, .... 6,8<10 &,904 4,151 4,207 &,217 &,611 4,369 4.4~3 Jar

TABLE ·15.10

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM" KALA-AZAR" BY SEX, 1941-50

.lftr&ge for 11141-60 1941 1942 1948 1944 194& J'emale llale Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female .... s..,.a 1.a~a 1158 1,030 707 947 647 1,196 780 1,186 788 1,603 984 Bar,l•aa. 88 Ill u so 37 33 60 24 89 2& 46 30 1\trOb•• • 8 7 a 6 8 9 8 4 8 2 6 1 1\aD.IUlra • 8 6 8 3 4 8 8 6 8 2 ~ )Udaapar. u• 10 18 8 6 4 1S 3 18 & 12 7 HOOII~>Ir • 121 so 112 65 69 48 10 8 88 61 117 63 Ho•r.!a it 20 11 20 .7 4 H 41 28 17 27 12 ...... lU 80 161 79 116 83 128 78 118 78 117 7& l.':alt:'11Ua • )66 108 116 48 65 81 96 66 H9 110 176 95 l'iwoa • 011 60 71 62 53 81 75 54 62 46 83 63 lila,.414&M4 174 1111 181 liS 148 115 156 10& 189 112 294 211 :ll.al-ta • • 81 67 71 OS 64 41 93 H 011 43 112 6a w ..l lllaajpar • IU 237 1112 1&1 214 136 806 184 245 166 863 204 .Jal~••art 111' 61 88 27 u 29 61 36 ol 89 70 6!l :=:t.. 1111 08 lUI 68 133 711 149 Ill 181 107 119 90

1041 11147 1948 1949 1950

Kale l'emale llale J'emale Male Female Male Female Male Female ..., a..pa e.,..... 1,828 1,268 1,8411 1,2211 1,6117 1,1114 1,470 1,126 1,127 877 Ill 127 88 151 118 1&11 911 1011 ~5 tlUbll•• • I 10 8 17 10 17 1& 11 tl.aa.k.ua "" 9 • 1 6 1 7 7 li 8 0 2 18• liS 0 28 4 84 43 24 :!!:~f:': uo 87• 183 146 173 132 20!' ·1U 1&0 U.J•ra• 1ZM II Jl 8-'> 22 27 11 "'65 87 27 211 , ...... « .... 1115 60 1!7 4111 143 83 111 98 l·aj.,\&a • uo ~~~ Ill 1111 191 127 244 221 170 160 142 121 ~waa . 1U 88 till 6S 34 42 88 89 ~ •• 3~ .... :r..o !II 1110 HI 160 82 100 09 87 63 ....<1. • • 11:1 116 lOll 67 48 71 62 68 W•tl>laaJpa. 187 ...... 670 358 444~· 808 828 2611 272 2111 Jai,.,(Vt 1110 68 1U 8S 84 Od 08 68 82 a• 1-t-~·•• 1111 71 Ill CIS 71 02 oz 80 ~~ &a :l• 39 TABLE 15.11

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM" TUBERCULOSIS OF THE LUNGS" BY SEX, 1941-50 Average for 1941-50 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 ,....----'------, ,....----A----- ...------"--- Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male l'emale Male Female

W•st Bengal 4,826 2,621 5,032 2,957 4,378 2,356 4,488 2,342 4,772 2,546 4,585 2,366 Burdwan . 411 108 457 131 430 117 369 107 374 112 347 78 Blrbhum • 155 39 235 .61 173 46 134 31 134 42 159 38 Bankura 301 69 325 77 320 79 238 54 266 76 320 57 ~~'Wb.~'1..~· .. Wli\. -..'1. '1.'>'- '!.-..'0 '\"\. '1,\)"\. <><> ..<:;, ... '\'!. '!,~ '\0.. 1:loogn1y • 31.b 1:H 377 1.28'"'"' 327 138 31\b 1.17 329 1.08 269 117 Howrah • 469 238 432 272 381 213 467 198 558 261 576 272 24-Pargana.s 593 250 648 292 597 228 573 192 564 242 582 278 Calcutta • 1,396 1,267 1,494 1,516 1,199 1,049 1,308 1,164 1,449 1,240 1,350 1,109 :s-a

1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

West Bengal 4,792 2,435 4,948 2,689 5,210 2,862 5,144 2,840 4,907 2,814 Burdwan . 445 110· 448 99 458 113 398 105 385 107 Blrbhum . 171 38 128 29 154 42 150 33 1HI 33 Bankura • 803 53 312 54 297 80 299 78 333 86 Midnapur. 885 65 396 64 425 109 472 91 480 127 Hoogh!y • 289 90 264 99 301 106 309 132 331 100 Howrah . 430 216 470 243 468 252 473 277 433 175 24-Parganas 609 264 590 267 615 252 633 239 519 248 Calcutta 1,436 1,173 1,496 1,348 1,494 1,402 1,413 1,276 1,317 1,388 Nadia 74 17 78 ~ 22 82 23 77 15 87 7 Murshldabad 124 22 1S4 33 136 28 120 29 122 21 Maida 28 9 21 7 35 6 31 8 40 3 West Dlnajpur 63 16 34 16 41 11 65 16 46 12 Jalpaiguri 209 116 287 160 406. 195 408 277 417 292 Darjeellng 236 246 290 248 308 243 296 264 281 215 Cooch Behar

TABLE 15.12

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM " SNAKE BITES" BY SEX, 1941-50 Average for 1941-60 1941 1942 1943 1944 194& ~ ...... --"----. ... Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female West Bengal 878 771 96S 796 863 761 748 631 860 767 820 776 Burdwan • . 94 76 1S6 79 109 83 73 89 86 79 78 72 Blrbhum • 37 38 44 30 52 47 87 42 37 4S 31 46 Bankura • 68 59 71 75 64 66 57 66 59 67 46 48 Midnapur. 171 130 161 125 148 112 1S3 88 166 162 163 131 Hooghly • 74 66 101 93 65 73 84 71 57 63 73 6S Howrah . 34 26 37 18 S5 28 27 18 38 29 34 22 U-Parganas 179 138 218 186 220 172. 151 119 167 1S4 168 116 Calcutta • 10 3 4 1 11 3 10 3 Nadia • 49 62 '61 36 33 45 49 38 64 43 41 66 Murshldabad 74 89 76 89 61 62 59 43 82 80 89 127 Maida . • 39 40 34' 33 31 38 26 12 42 27 39 38 West Dinajpur • 32 39 21 19 29 30 34 39 38 34 28 41 Jaipalgurl .· 19 13 18 9 20 13 15 11 11 10 19 E 3 3 5 4 2 2 3 5 3 3 1 5 8:~!he~~~ar ·'

1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 ~ ~ ,.---~ ~ ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female West Bengal 906 882 913 778 965 762 882 794 830 7C!5 Burdwan • 86 79 86 7S 96 67 94. 69 93 70 81.rbhum • 27 so 30 18 38 38 41 42 37 41 &nkura , 60 67 62 61 57 66 50 55 66 53 Kldnapur. 168 165 186 115 241 166 1.95 186 167 124 Hooghly • 72 80 82 (lfl H 42 71 54 70 6:! Howrah . 4S so 42 ao 28 29 25 S1 27 28 :'-Parganas 18S 162 19S 123 168 108 163 1S3 Hll 120 C••kutta • 15 s 7 3 15 2 24 7 10 5 ''hdia . 61 48 68 81 45 63 54 56 48 5~ •'INhldabad 98 114 71 104 90 94 54 93 63 90 w.Ji!& • • 46 65 34 45 45 50 47 45 44 46 1f ... t Dlnajpur • 85 44 89 48. 33 '3 35 49 so 45 : -.!;-1lgurl 16 4 21 17 22 17 25 24 tO 22 ~ling 6 l 3 2. 3 6 4 1 4 2 :.x.b Behar 6A 40 TABLE 16.1

D&ATII RATE FRO~I uciJOLERA" PER 1,000 OF EACH SF.X CALCULATED ON THE POPULA TION OF 19.Jl FOR 1941-50 MD FOR EACH Ir\DIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50

1141 liiU 1146 Kala...... J'emale Kale J'emale ~------Kale l'emale Male Female Kala Fe malo loG •7 ·d ·6 ·I 2·6 8·0 ·II 1·0 ·4 , ...... •• •6 ·6 ·II 1·1 2·1 3·1 ·8 ·II •I ·ll ·•·~ ...... ·•·I 1·1 1·1 •I ·3 8·8 8·11 •II 1·1 ·1 ·1 lllrl>~·- • ·• •7 ·6 ·6 •7 •7 3·4 3·8 •6 ·6 ·1 •3 ll14B••••ra .. p.,. ·••7 •7 •4 ·I ·r. ·3 3·2 1·7 ·7 •4 ·1 •1 H-biF. •6 •4 ·4 ·6 ·II 1·2 1·6 ·6 ·6 •4 ll_r.. 1·1 1·7·• 1·1 1·1 •II 1·1 2·7 8·6 1·8 1·3 1·6 1·7·• 1·1 1·1 1•4 • 1·1 ·r. ·6 3·4 8·7 1·8 ll·1 ·r...... 1·1 ·2 ·8 1·3 ·7 •II ·• (;eke~ •7 1·1 ·7 ·I ·8 ·II 1·1 1·1 ·I ·I ·6 ·6 8·6 4·1 ·6 ·6 ·S •3 K..nbi4abe4•..ua . . ., ·8 ·8 ·8 ·7 ·8 8·0 8·4 ·4 •4 ·1 ·1 II..Wa • • •6 •6 ·I ·1 ·2 1·0 1·7 •8 1•1 ·S 11\eo&OiaaJpU. ·6 ·6 •1 ·••1 ·1 ·2 1·7 1·7 ·4 ·S ·1 ·•·1 I alpei(llli •I •I ·I ·I ·I ·1 1·9 1·2 •1 ·I ·1 ·1 ~.~ar..-u.., ·1 •1 •1 ·1 ·4 ·ll ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ~ .llel>al

11140 19U 1948 1949 1960 ,.---....J'-"---. ~ ~ Kale l'emale Kale Female Male Female Male Female Kale Female ,_,...,.. •4 •6 ·6 •6 •7 •6 ·7 ·8 •II Bural

TABLE 16.2

DEATII RATE FRO.l\l"FEVER" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPULATIO: OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50

1941 1942 1949 1944 1946 Kale l'emale Kale Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female ....., Belllal 10·6 11-11 8·7 9·8 8·1 9·2 15·0 16·0 15·8 17·3 10·9 12·6 Jlu..Swaa • 11·1 1ll-7 10·7 11·8 10·1 11·3 15·4 16·4 17·1 18•9 11•1 12·8 lllrl.l~a• • 11·1 11•8 14•11 14•11 16·8 1&•6 29·0 28·5 82·8 84•8 22·6 24·1 )'aa&ua U·7 18·1 12·1 12·6 11·1 12•1. 19•1 18•6 15·8 16•8 11·8 11·8 Millaapu. 11·1 11·8 9·4 10·0 11·2 8·7 20·2 18·4 15·8 16•8 10•8 11·4 H-tllF • 1·4 7-li I· I 7·8 6·1 7·0 8·4 9·0 8•9 10•4 6·6 8·9 Huwnla 4-G 4·7 1·4 8·0 2·3 "2·4 6·2 6·8 6·6 7·9 4•2 6•3 U·l'anrUIU 8·1 7·1 &•II 7·0 5·6 6·4 11·1 10·8 11·0 11·7 6·7 7·6 ('ale-QUA • 1·1 8•6 1"8 1·0 1"11 1"9 2"4 4•1 s·1 4•8 2•4 8•4 l'o•

1947 1948 1949 1960 ~ ,....---...... -...., Kale Female Male Female Male Female Kale Female ,...... 11-11 11·1 9·0 10·4 8•4 9·9 8·0 9·7 7·4 8·4 ..II....S•aa. 16-1 11·1 11·0 12·8 10·0 11·9 9·4 11·8 8·6 9·6 lltrt••• • !3·8 U·ll 20·1 20·8 16·8 17·8 18·8 19·8 18·4 18·6 11.. 11. .... 1G-8 16-7 12·7 13·3 11·9 12·8 11·1 12·1 10·6 10·8 10·1 10·1 11·2 10·2 11·4 9·6 11·1 8·6 11·4 ::!:~~;': ••... 1·8 1•1 7·2 6·6 7·0 6•8 fl-6 4•7 6·6 H\)Wf.. &·I 4·8 1·8 4·8 3·9 6·0 8·7 4•7 2·6 ll-9 U·l'&rll I-I 8·8 6·8 &•II 6·4 6·8 4·8 6·6 4·1 4·7 l'aka~ • 1·1 1·6 1·1 4·1 2·8 4·6 1·9 8·4 1·11 3·6 ,...!Ia • 1•4 !CH 11·6 17•4 14·9 15·1 14-11 16·8 12·2 12·7 lllvohld&MI • 1.4 111-4 16·11 U·8 12·9 12·6 12·0 13·0 11-1 10·3 lii.W• • • 111-G 11•4 11·7 10·0 l1·6 0·7 11·6 10·8 11·8 g.s 111•&DiaaJrw. l&·t 111·6 14·7 14·6 18·7 12·7 12·2 12·6 18·0 U·!l J""-'" lt·7 U·8 8·11 11·7 7·11 S·l 7·2 8·0 7·11 s-6 l>a

West Bengal ·4 ·4 ·4 ·6 ·04 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·8 1·0 1·0 1·2 Burdwan ·3 ·3 ·4 ·4 ·1 ·1 ·01 ·02 •1 ·2 ·9 1·1 Birbhum ·2 •2 ·1 ·1 ·2 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·2 ·2 ·8 ·8 llankura ·2 ·2 ·1 ·1 ·01 ·01 •004 ·1 ·1 1·7 1·6 )lidnapur ·1 ·1 ·1 ·04 •002 •001 ·03 ·03 ·2 ·2 ·3 ·4 Boo~hly ·4 ·4 ·3 •4 ·02 •02 ·03 ·04 ·6 ·8 1·6 2·0 Bowrah • ·9 1·1 ·6 ·8 ·1 ·2 ·1 ·2 3·0 4·1 2·6 3·2 24·Pa~anaa ·3 ·3 ·4 ·6 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·7 ·8 1·1 1·2 Calcutta 1·1 2·3 1·7 8·1 ·04 •1 ·6 ·9 2·6 6·6 1·5 3·1 ·1 •006 ·01 ·1 ·1 ·6 ·7 •( Nadia e ·3 ·3 ·2 ·3 Mul'8hidabad ·2 ·2 ·1 ·1 •01 ·02 ·02 ·02 ·1 ·1 1·8 1·3 Maida . •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •02 •02 ·01 . •003 ·1 ·1 ·5 ·6 We•t Dtnajpur ·2 ·3 ·02 ·03 ·01 •01 ·04 •04 ·8 ·9 ·2 ·3 Jalpalguri • ·03 ·02 ·004 ·03 •04 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 -Q4 •01 ·02 •03 ·01 •03 ·1 ·2 ·1 g;~t.·~~r

1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 ~ ~ ~-----.. ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female West Bengal ·2 •3 ·1 ·2 ·3 ·4 ·1 •1 ·6 ·6 Burdwan •7 ·9 ·1 "1 •1 •2 ·04 ·04 ·3 ·4 Blrbhum ·4 •4 ·1 ·04 ·1 ·1 ·01 ·1 ·1 Baukura ·2 ·1 ·02 •02 ·1 ·1 ·01 ·005 ·2 ·2 Midnapur -Q1 -ol -Q2 ·02 ·1 ·1 ·03 ·03 ·2 ·2 Boo!!hly ·2 ·2 •1 ·04 ·2 ·2 ·04 ·04 ·6 ·8 Bowrah . •S ·4 ·1 •1 ·6 ·8 ·1 ·1 1·0 1·4 24-Parganaa ·1 ·1 ·02 -Q2 ·2 ·2 ·1 ·1 ·2 ·2 Calcutta ·04 ·1 ·6 1·6 1·7 8·7 •2 ·4 1·9 4·7 Nadia . ·5 ·6 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·04 ·1 ·6 ·6 Murshidabad ·6 ·6 •03 ·04 •03 ·04 ·01 ·01 ·2 ·2 Maida . ·1 ·2 ·04 -Q2 ·2 ·2 •005 ·01 ·2 ·2 West Dinajpur ·6 ·6 ·4 ·4 ·05 ·1 ·2 ·2 J alpai!(Uri • -Ql ·01 •01 ·01 ·01 ·02 ·02 Darjeellng • ·04 ·01 ·1 •1 ·01 ·02 ·03 ·2 ·1 Cooch Behar

TABLE 16.4

DEATH RATE FROM " PLAGUE" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPULA TION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH-INDIVIDUAL YEAR :BY SEX, 1941-50 Average for 1941-60 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female West Bengal ·001 o()()02 .0001 •0001 •0002 ·0001 Burdwan Birbbum Bankura Midnapur .. Hooghly Howrah • 24-Parganaa Cakutta ·005 ·008 o()()l -Q02 •001 •002 Nadia . Murshidabad Maida • West Dinajpnr Jalpa4mrl • Darjeeling. Cooch Behar

1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 .---~ ~ r-----"--~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female West Bengal -ooos o001 ·0001 ·001 Burdw&Q ·0004 ·004 ·001 ·ooo3 Birbhnm ·001 Bsuk:ura Midnapur •001 H~hly .002 Howrah • 24-Parganaa •005 •003 Calcutta ·002 o(l02 -til ·003 Nadia • ·03 .02 ·'J02 M U1'8hldabad Maida • West Dlnajpur o002 Jslp&i!(Uri • Darjeeling • ooocb Bobar TABLE 16.5

DEATII RATE FROM •• DYSENTERY, DIARRHG:A AND ENTERIC GROUP OF FEVERS, PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPULATION OF 1941 BY SEX, 1941-50

1~1 1M2 liltS 1~6 11146 )(ale Female ... Female Kale J'eouUe Kale J'eouU8 Kale Female llale Female ,.. ... a.-a 1·1 1·• u 1-1 H H 1·8 2·1 1·8 1·8 H 1·2 1\....t-- HI 1.0 1·1 1·1 1·0 1·0 l·S l·S 1·1 H ·8 ·8 ..... tot>•• • ...... ·8 1-G .. 1·1 ·II ·7 ·8 ·S ·3 lorbllebu 19U 1~8 1~9 1950 ~~· ~------. ~ llale 1'emale ~· FeouUe llale Female llale Female llale Female

,.... ~Wftpl 1-2 1·8 1·1 1·· 1·8 1·4 1·2 1·4 1·8 1·4 llardtraD • ·7 ·7 ·8 ·8 •II 1·0 1·1 1·1 1·1 1·1 JUrhhuiD • ·8 ., ·8 ·8 •S ·4 ·3 ·4 •8 )\ankara • :~ ·7 ·8 1-G ·II ·II ·II ·8 ·II ·8 lMkloavur • 1-G l·t 1·· Hi 1·1i 1·3 1·2 1·3 1·2 lt ....hiJ • 1·7 H·• 2·0 2·8 1·11 2·5 1-lj 1·8 1·6 1·8 ltcJW'f'11Lb • l·t 8-1 2'8 8·t 2·3 8·0 1·7 2·8 1·7 2·8 lt-l'anraDM •8 1·0 ·8 ·II ·II 1·0 ·II 1·0 ·II 1·0 ('alrtltta • HI 8·8 1·11 •·1 2·2 4·6 2·4 1 6•6 2·4 5·6 ]!li..Jia • ·8 •7 ·8 ·8 •II 1·0 1·0 1·1 1·0 H lM ,.,.hldabed ·7 ·8 ., ·8 ·5 ·5 ·6 ·5 ·6 ·5 lMaWa •8 •7 •2 ·1 ·2 '2 ·S ·2 ·3 ·2 w•JlluJpur ·6 ., ·8 ·8 ·5 ·8 ·8 ·7 1·1 H ~alpahrurl • 2·2 1-7 1·8 1·8 1·3 1·5 1·6 1·8 2·0 - 2·1 I...,)N'IIn(l , 1-tl loll 1·11 1·8 2·0 2·0 1-7 1·6 1·11 1·11 ()ooob Debar • - TABLE 16.6

DEATH RATE FROM .. RESPIRATORY DISEASES OTHER THAN T. B. OF THE LUNGS" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPULATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50

1941 11148 11144 1945 J'eouUe llale FeouUe llale Female llale Female llale Female llale Female ...... JMoapl 1·1 1·8 1·· 1-8 1-6 1·11 1·4 1·11 1·8 1·4 llurd•aa ·II 2·0 1·6 1·6 ·II 1·· ·II 1·6 1·8 ·8 1\lrbhuaa • •li 1·· ·II 1·1 ·8 1·0 ·7 ·8 ·7 •4 1\aD~Uta ·II 1·8 H 1·6 1·0 1·6 1·0 1.6 1·6 •II lllldDApur • ·II 1·11 1·1 )o6 ·9 1·7 1·0 Jo7 1·7 1·0 HUUOihiJ • 1-8 2-'1 1·8 2·1i 1·7 2·8 1·11 8·1 2·6 1·11 llowrab 1·8 2·2 1·11 1·7 1-6 2·6 1·8 2·11 2·2 1·7 l4·1'anr ·II ... ·II 1·2 ·2·6 1·4 ·8 1·4 1·2 ·8 ('alruua 1·11 2·1i 8·8 1·11 2·7 2·8 4·8 8·0 3·4 8·8 )oadla • •II ·8 •7 1·1 ·6 1·1 ·8 ·8 1·1 ·6 )I urohldabed ·8 ·8 ·1 ., ·S ·li ·4 ·6 ·li 1·1 )lakla • ·8 ·8 ·2 ·8 ·8 1·3 ·li 1·0 ·7 ·2 ...... lliDA)pV 2·t 2·1 2·0 2·6 2·4 2·7 2·4 2·6 8·1 2·8 ~•ll"'itrurl • 4·2 4·8 8·11 •·6 8·7 6·4 4·6 6·7 6·5 4·9 t::,:~~ 2-G 2·2 2·2 t·• 2·2 2·0 2·8 2·1 2·2 2·2

1~8 1~7 11148 111f9 11150 ~ ~ Kale Female ~· Female Male Female Male Female ll&le Female ,..... )Mo-l H 1-2 1-41 1·2 1·5 1·2 1·4 H H 1·0 lloar.twaa 1·1 .... l·t •II 1·2 ·7 1·2 ·8 1·3 •8 b ·8 ·I> ·7 l'ak'11Ua II 1·8 I·I ,., 8·2 t·2. " 2·8 8·8 2·6 t·S·• l'ooo.lla • Jot) .. .. ., ·8 ·8 ·6 ·3 ·6 •8 lll .... hlllaloacl .,. ·I ., ·2 •4 ·1 ·S ·1 •3 ·2 )I ~Late .. •I ·I ·1 ·6 •3 ·I ·3 ·6 ...... l>laajpU 1·11 I '\I 2·1 8-1 2·8 3·1 2·4 2•11 ~alpailroart • .., ..., •••t·8 1·8 ,.. 4·0 f·ll •·1 8·4 1.... ,..•• .., • H 1·1 1·6 1·7 1·8 2·0 1·8 HI 1·6 '--•~~ew

• 43 TABLE 16.7

DEATH RATE FROM •'SUICIDE" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPULA- TION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50

Average for 1041-50 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945

Male Female Male Female"""' Male Female"""' Male Female '-Male Female Male Female

West Bengal ·05 ·1 •04 •1 -o4 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·05 ·05 •06 ·1 Burdwan "04 ·05 ·05 ·1 ·04 ·1 ·04 ·OS ·05 ·04 ·06 ·05 Bilbhum ·1 ·04 •04 •1 ·1 ·1 ·06 •OS ·1 •02 ·03 ·02 Bankura •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·04 ·1 ·1 ·04 ·1 Midnapur •OS ·03 •03 •03 ·02 ·2 •OS I ·OS •OS ·03 ·03 ·03 Hooghly ·1 •1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 Howran •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 24-l'arganas ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 Cakutta ·03 ·04 ·01 ·01 ·01 ·01 ·01 ·01 •OS ·04 ·04 ·05 Nadia ·1 ·1 ·02 ·01 ·03 ·02 ·03 •01 ·04 ·03 ·1 ·03 Murshidab~d ·1 ·1 •04 ·03 ·04 ·04 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 Maida ·04 ·03 •03 ·02 ·02 ·02 ·04 ·04 ·04 ·03 ·03 ·02 •04 W~st Dinajpur ·03. ·04 ·03 ·04 ·03 •02 ·02 ·03 ·02 ·03 ·1 Jalpalguri ·03 •02 ·02 ·03 •03 ·02 ·03 •02 ·02 ·03 ·02 ·02 Darjeeling ·1 ·04 ·1 ·02 ·1 ·03 ·1 •01 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·02 Cooch Behar

1946 1947 1943 1949 1950 ,....__....___...., ~ ~ r----J'----. ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female West Bengal ·05 ·1 -os •1 ·05 •1 ·05 •1 ...:>5. ·1 Burdwan • ·04 ·05 ·04 ·03 ·04 ·04 ·04 ·1 ·03 •05 llirl>hwu •03 ·04 •06 ·05 ·04 ·04 ·1 -Q4 ·1 •03 Bankura . ·1 ·05 •1 •04 ·04 ·04 ·1 •1 ·1 •Oll Midnapur: ·02 •03 •03 ·02 •03 •03 ·04 ·04 ·03 •02 Huoghly ·1 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 '1 Howrah ·1, ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 24-Parganas ·1 ·1 ·04 •1 ·04 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 Calcutta ·04 ·03 ·03 •1 ·04 •1 •05 ·1 ·05 . ·1 Nadia ·1 •1 ·1 •1 ·04 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 Murshidah~ ·05 ·1 ·05 ·1 •1 ·1 ·04 ·1 ·05 ;•05 Maida ·03 •02 •04 ·02 ·04 ·04 ·04 ·1 •03 '04 West Dinajpur • ·03 ·1 ·03 ·04 ·03 •04 ·06 ·04 ·04 "02 Jalpaigurl ·02 ·02 ·02 ·02 •03 ·02 ·03 ·02 •02 ·oL Darjeeling ·1 •02 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·o3 Cooch Behar

TABLE 16.8

DEATH RATE FROM" CHILD BIRTH" PER 1,000 OF FEMALE POPULATION AS PER CENSUS OF 1941, 1941-50 /

Average for ' 1941-50 lOU. 11142 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1946 1949 1050 '

West Bengal •3 •3 ·3 :3 ·3 ·3 ·3 ·3 ·3 •4 '2 Burdwan ·3 ·4 •4 .·3 •2 ·3 •3 •3 ·4 •4 '2 Blrbhuw , •3 •4 ·4 ·3 ·2 ·3 •3 •2 •3 ·4 ·a Bankura ·3 ·4 ·3 ·3 ·2 ·2 •3 •D •2 •8 ·~ Mi.dn.apur ·4 •4 ·4 •3 ·3 ·3 •4 •3 •4 •I ·a Booghly . ,-4 ·5 ·4 ·4 ·3 ·3 •3 •3 •4 •4 •3 ·2· Bowrah . ·8 ·2 ·2 •3 •2 •2 •1 2 ·2 •J. 24.•l'arganas ·2 ·8 ·3 ·2 ·2 ·2 •2 ~ •3 •8 •.Z Calcutta ·3 ·1 ·04 -o4. ·3 ·3 •4 ·8 ·6 •6 •5 Nadia ·8 ·2 ·1 ·2 ·3 •3 •4 ·3 •1\ •5 ·a Mursh!dahad ·2 ·1 ·2 •1 ·2 ·2 ·2 l•2 •8 •2 •8 Malola ·8 ·8 ·8 ·2 ·8 ·3 ·8 •2 •3 •3 --2 West Dinajpur • ·8 ·7 ·7 ·8 ·7 ·8 ·9 •9 ·8 1·1 •7 Jalpaigurl 1·4 1·7 1·4 1·~ 1·0 1·2 1·8 1·2 1·4 1-7 1•3 Darjecling ·6 ·7 ·8 ·6 ·6 .q ·6 -6 -6 -8 •4 Cooch Behar TABLE 16.9

DEATII RATE FRO~I .. MALARIA" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON TilE POPULA· TION OF 1941 FOR 19-U-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX,1941-50

11141 11142 11143 1944 11143 .famale :Male Kale Female Kale Female Kale J'emale )(ale J'emale Fe wale 6·2 W Mt I"DI!al H> 3·7 4·4 3·8 4·3 7-11 8·3 7·3 8·6 5·4 0·3 f>·ll O·tl 0·6 0-() 1\•lf·l••a 7·6 7·1 1o-a 11·1 1ll-Q U·4 0·7 7·!1 btrl..trUIII U·ll 13·3 7-:1 7·4 7·3 7·5 :ttH :110-6 2H> llcl·l 17·0 17·11 li.ahkllll'& 4·4 4·7 H, 4·!1 3·11 4·7 8·7 11·3 IH 0·8 3·11 6·4 4·3 4·8 8·9 )b 6·1 5·9 8·8 7·2 6·4 8·6 6·7 11·9 J&IJ>AII!'•trl 4·11 6·1 4·7 6·3 4·2 4·11 6·1 6-6 4·7 6·3 6·!1 6-ll IJar)'..,Jlflg thl 1>·11 7·0 6·ll 7-1 6·6 8·4 8·1 11·5 IH 8·1 7·6 (;ouo..b llebar

11146 1947 1948 11149 1950

.Male l!"emale Male. Female .Male Female .Male Female Kale ]female w ... t D<-ngal 4·5 6·2 3·6 4·2 3·3 3·9 8·3 4-1 2·5 3·0 Dur.twao • 3·7 4·3 3·7 4·2 3·8 4-6 3·8 4·6 ll·6 ll·ll IHrhhum • 14·4 15·0 11·2 11·3 7·9 8·0 9·9 10·7 8·3 11-11 l~an"ura 3·0 l·d 3·4 4·4 3·6 4·1 3·9 4·4 3-1 3·4 ll1tluapur • 3·7 4·2 3·7 4·2 3·7 4·2 3·2 3·8 2·4 ~·{\ JIOO'"hl)' :l-6 3·2 3·0 3·5 2·9 8·7 2·7 3·3 1·8 ll·ll Uc,•rah I-t! :H 1·6 2·0 1·8 2·4 1·8 2·4 1·0 1·1 24-l'ar~anM l-11 2-1 1·3 1·4 1·5 1·6 1·4 1·8 1-1 1·:.1 Cak11tla ·II ·9 ·5 ·9 ·5 1·0 ·6 ·7 ·4 •7 .Natruojpur • ~·~ 11·4 4·6 4·8 4·3 4·2 2·5 2·6 2·:t 2·:t Jalpahmrt 6·3 6·9 4·2 4·9 4·0 4·4 3·7 4·0 8·0 8·:t Dat; ...ung 6·0 5·7 6·4 6·0 6·4 3·9 3·6 8·4 8·8 8·6 Coo<:.b llt;llar

TABLE 16.10

DEATH RATE FRO.l\1 "KALA-AZAR" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPU LATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX,l941-50 Average f<>r 1941·60 1941 1942 1943 1945 .... Male .l!'emale Male Female Male J'emale Kale J'emale Hale l'emale Kale,....----- J'emale W •·•t Btmgal ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 ·1 Burdwao • ·1 ·1 -or. •03 •04 ·04 •1 -oa -o4 •OS ·05 •OS lllrhbUID • ·Oll ·01 •OJ ·01 •01 •02 •01 •01 oQ1 oQ04 •01 •002 llaol.ura ·Ul •005 ·01 •01 •005 •01 •01 -oo5 oQl •006 •008 •003 Mldnapur. •U1 oQ1 ·01 •01 -oos ·008 •01 •002 •01 -ooa •01 ·004 Jloo~hly ·2 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 •01 oQ1 ·1 •1 •2 ·1 Howrab •U3 ·OS •02 ·08 •01 •01 •1 •1 -o8 -os •08 •02 Xt-Pargaoaa ·1 -o:; ·1 •05 ·1 •1 •1 •06 •1 •06 •1 •06 Cal

19411 11167 U48 10,, 11160 Male J'emale Kale J'emale Hale J'emale Hale J'emale Hale Female Weol Et-naal ·I ·1 •2 •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 Burdwaa • •1 •1 ·1 •1 ·2 •1 •2 •1 •1 •1 lllrl·hum • •0:1 -1)04 ·02 oQ2 -os -os -oa -os -o2 -oz lianllura -\!I •001 ·01 -oo2 oQ1 -o1 -o1 oQ06 oQl -ooa •U1 -\!1 •01 o001 -oz -oo8 -o8 •02 -oa •02 ::!~~.\';11 ·2 •1 •2 ·2 ·2 •2 •I •I . •2 •2 Howrab -us •02 o04 •OS -oa -o2 •1 •1 -o8 •03 U-i'an:a.AU ·1 ·OS ·1 o04 •1 •1 ·1 •1 o06 •1 C&I

DBATH RATE FROM "T.B. OFTHE LUNGS" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEXCALCULATEDONTHE POPULATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50 Average for 1941·50 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Hale Female Female Male Female Male Female )[ale Female )[ale Female West Bengal •4 ·3 ·3 ·4 ·2 •4 •2 ., •S ., Burdwan • ., •1 ·1 ., •1 ., •1 ., •1 •8 Blrbbum • ·3 •1 •1 ·3 ·1 •3 .•1 •8 •1 •S llankura •6 ·1 •1 •6 ·1 ., •1 ., •1 •5 Midnapur. ·2 ·1 •1 •2 •05 •2 •04 •2 -o5 •2 Hooghly ., ·2 ·2 ., •2 •5 •2 ., ·2 ., . Howrab ·6 •4 ., ·6 ·3 •6 ·8 •7 ., •7 26-Parganas ·3 •2 ·2 ·3 ·1 ·3 •1 ·8 . ·1 •S Calcutta • 1·0 1·9 2·3 •8 1·6 •9 1•8 1·0 1•9 •9' Nadia • •2 ·02 •02 ·1 -o2 •1 -o3 •1 -os •2 Mursbldabad ·1 •03 •04 ·1 -o3 ·1 •01 •2 •02 •2 Maida • • ·1 ·02 ·02 ·03 •01 -o5 •02 •1 •02 •1 West Dlnajpur • ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 •1 •1 -o& •2 -o5 •1 Jalpalgurl ··6 •4 •3 •5 ·2 •5 . ·8 ., ·2 •S D&rjcellng. 1·4 1•4 1•3 1·3 1·5 1•3 1·4 1•8 1·4 1·2 Coocb Bobar

1946 1947 1943 1949 1950 ,..---..~'-----. ,---..A-.... ,.---..14·-----. Male Female Male Female lllale Female Jlale Female Kale Female West Bengal •4 U·2 •4 ·3 •5 ·S •4 •S Burdwan. •4 ·1 •4 ·1 •6 •1 ., ·1 Blrbbum • ·8 •1 ·2 ·1 •3 •1 •8 •1 llankura ·6 ·1 •6 •1 •6 •1 •5 •1· Mldnapur. •2 ·04 ·2 •04 ·3 •1 •8 •1 Hooghly •4 ·1 ·4 •2 ·4 •2 •4 •2 Howrab ·li •3 ·6 ·4 ·6 •4 ·6 •8 24-Parganas ·3 ·2 •3 •2 •3 ·2 •S •2 Calcutta 1·0 1·8 1·0 2·1 1·0 2·1 1-o ll-1 Nadia • ·2 •04 ·2 • •1 ·2 ·1 •2 -DI Mursbldabad •2 •OS ·2 ·04 •2 ·04 •1 •OS Maida • • •1 ·02 ·05 -o2 •1 ·02 •1 •01 West Dlnsjpur • ·2 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·04 •2 ·04 Jalpalgurl ·5 ·3 •6 ·4 •9 ·6 •9 •8 Darjeellng. 1·2 1•4 1·5 1·4 1·5 1·4 1-5 1-ll Cooeb Behar

TABLE 16.12

DEATH RATE FROM "SNAKE BITES" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPU.. LATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50 Aversge for 1941-50 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female lllale Femala West Bengal ·1 ·1 ·1 •1. ·1 ·1 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 llurdwan ·1 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 •1 ·2 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 Blrbhum • ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 . ·1 Baukura ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 •1 .M.idnapur •1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 Hoogbly ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 •1 •1 •1 ·1 •1 Howrah ·04 -o4 -o4 ·03 ·04 -o4 -o3 -os -o5 -o4 -o4 -os 24-ParganU ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 Calcutta ·01 ·005 -oo3 ·002 -o1 -oos o01 ·005 Joiadi& ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 Mun;bldahad ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·2 Maida ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 -o3 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 West Dlnajpur ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 J&lp&lf'url -o4 -o3 -o4 ·02 -o4 -os ·03 -o3 ·02 -o3 -o4 -o2 ))arjeeling -o2 -o2 -o3 -Q2 ·01 .-o1 ·02 -o3 ·02 !02 -o1 Coach Behar -oa

1946 1947 1943 1949 1950 ~ ~ ,._,.______lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female West Beii(UII ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 Bnrd•·an • ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •J Birbhum • •1 •1 ·1 -o3 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •I Bankura ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 Midoapur ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 H~hly •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 Howrah -o5 -o4 -o5 ·04 -oa -o4 -os -Q4 -os -o4 U-l'&rll&D88 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 l&kutta -o1 -oo5 -DOli -oo5 o01 -oos -o2 -o1 -o1 o01 Nadia ·1 ·1 ·1 ·2 •1 ·2 •1 •1 •1 •1 .lolun;t~ ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 •1 •1 •1 Maida ·1 ·2 •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 ·1 •1 •1 "'""' Dlnajpur : •1 ·2 ·1 •2 •1 -2 ·1 ·2 •1 J al paii{Urt • ·1}1 -o1 -o5 -o4 -o5 -o4 •) .. •1 -o4 •1 ll&r)rtllng -o3 o01 -o2 -o1 -o2 -oa -o2 -o1 -o2 '01 . Cooch Behar 1 CENSUS .7 .:16 TABLE 17.1

DEATII RATE FRO~I .. CHOLERA" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941-50 ...... ,.,. 1Hl.... 1H1 1HI 11141 11146 11146

,~ l'emale J'emala , ...... Kale IIale J'emale Jlala J'emala ...... , 13·1 81·1 10Q-6 14·0 U·ll 111·6 17·1 Zi·l ...14·4 67·8 104·1 1l!l!·t 31·6 36·1 ...... r1 II· I 11·4 111...... JllttW..•. H-1 r.s-o 6i·l n-o 06·7 103·1 24·6 86·4 2·1 8·1 ...10)-1 23·1 11·1 8&·4 107-o 126·8 111-1 U·1 6·1 16·3 lleak- • ...... _,._ H·1 16-7 H·i :U·i U·l 77·1 16·0 27·1 2<1'6 7·1 11-l .. _.. ,, . M·t 11·4 If>· I n·• 11·7 79·1 26·6 Zi·7 21H 21-tJ Jl..nao 110-6 ..I fl·l 811-1 86·1 llli·t 167·1 '1'¥-o 711-3 81•1 711·8 ""'7r1 IH·7 106·1 tO·O 184·8 101·8 81·1 88·1 30·0 l!t1•1 ...... 44·1 41·8 8~·6 26·1 (Airw&Ca ...I 18·1 h·l"'' U·l 8•·o 61·4 lll!·r. )I..Sia • • 17.. ~-7 ., .. 11·1 76·8 88·1 13·1 16·CI 11-8 11·1 U·i 11·1 ...7 tr.·4•·• 89·6 71i·S 87·7 10<8 11·8 lH 8·4 ...... 11·1 11·1 16-1 18·1 'l't)ot 87·6 11·0 2~·$ 11·0 10·8 ...... lrl 4·6 11·1 81·1 77·8 11·1 10·2 ...11·1 ll·t 8·8 3·1 • WMtDiaaJpU • Jatpal....n U·l ll·t 8·7 6·1 62·1 64·6 4·r. 4·11 li·O 2·0 6·1 1·1 •• 18·1 8·t t·O 8·1 :11·11 ::='.:tr •·• .. 3·0

.... 111U 111411 11100 llala J'emale Jlale J'emale Male J'emale llale Female_ Kale,..------J'emale II.. U·l 2CI·I 28·1 8&·1 3CI·6 85·7 88·8 47·1 49·6 ...... 11·4 20·11 1!5·4 37·1 41·0 82·8 311·0 Jhar

DEATII RATE FROM ••FEVER" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941-50 (Fever includes Malaria, Kala-azar, Blackwater fever, Measles, Relapsing fever, Cerebrospinal fever, lnftuenza. Enteric croup of fevers, Typhus, and ' Other fevers ' of some of which death rates are given aeparatel7 else':"'here.)

""""'11141-60 ror 11141 11142 1943 11144 11146 ,- IIala J'emale Kale • Female Male Female Male · - Female lllale Female .. , 491 621! 611 641 620 632 683 608 636 eat 661 006 t311 467 819 646 1171 1116 669 619 61111 812 660 1198 622 647 489 600 631 861 676 428 ItO tn 406 441 418 tot 4ao 4116 876 Zi>O 149 6&7 669 644 41!11 662 1160 672 WI 671 r.68 r.61 626 640 638 612 f>

11141 11147 1948 11141 11160 ,..,.. .. I'~ Kale l'emala Male l'emale Male •emale Male J'emale ...... __ l!t 664 &IS 646 488 614 484 616 ,5& '77 kl ,.,.. ~ 1138 6111 ou; 670 626 6a6 6711 ...... Till 1111 777 t .. , 1171 II II 66l! 699 629 678 622 bi!J :=::: an •••ttl 177 418 36e ..)8 871 414 347 a"3 II...... a. lfl4 170 ZltO 261 268 278 278 2110 1W 170 ...... I tM t51 460 428 443 ll>l8 t07 8116 407 ~. l:..S 144 lU 141 129 131 124 115 100 Y& ,._ .. .-.1 Tot 721 144 6611 671 111, ~7 =~ ... ill 661 6a8 itII r.211 478 '" 470 "' TA;BLE 17.3_·

DEATH RATE FROM "SMALL-}>OX" PER l,OOODEATHS F~OM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941·50

Average fur . •, 1941·60 1941 1942 1943 1944 1114& Male Female Male Female Male Female Male· Female Male · Female Male J'emale .---- .. ,. -·-- --, WesL Bengal 19·0 20·7 24·2 24·1 2·8 8-1 3·6 -8·7 81·7 . 84-11 61·0 66·0 Burdwan , 14 17 18 20 7 7 6· 6 6 46 57 Blrbbum 7 7 6 6 7 6 1 2 6 . ' : 27 28 Bankura 11 11 3 4 0·3 0·6 0·1 4 4 71 81 Mldnapur. 6 5 3 3 0·2 0·1 0·8 0·7 II II 111 . 21 Hooghly 22 21> . 22 23 1 1 1 2 so .. 36 87 98 Howrab 63 60 60 62 10 13 6 8 '120 • 140 188 · ··15& 24· Parganaa 19 21 29 31 4 6 7 4 80 •· 36 71 76 Calcutta 67 711 .126 126 4 4 26 26 127 . 158 811 114' Nadia • 9 10 6 6 0·2 0·3 2 2 ' 17 '. ·18 11 .. 14• )I urshldabad II 10 s c 0·3 1 4 4' 4 3 42 46 Maida. • 8 9 8 10 2 2 1 0·2 4 4 21 26 West Dlnajpur 9 11 1 1 0·4 1 -2 2 24 28 8 10 .Jalpalgurl 1 1 0·2 1 1 6 ·a 8 1 Darjeellng s 1 0·4 0·6 1 0·2 2 2 6 4 Coocb Behar

1946 1947 1948 11149. 11150 ~ ~-···. ~~-. Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female-· Male---..A----. Femalo West Bengal 11·3 12·7 7·6 9·6. 20·0 21·1·' 8·3·. 3·3'. '81·11. . 36·6 Burdwan • 36 45 7 7 8 10 2 2 '18 . 2 Blrbbum • 14 11 2 2 4 4 0·3 '6 .. , Bankura· • 7 6 •8 1·0 6 6 •4 ·:2 . . II . e· Mldnapur. 0•7 0·7 1 1 4 4 2 1 ·u .. •12 Hooghly 10 9 3 3 11 13 8 2 '48 66 Howrab • 17 20 9 7 46 42 8 7 ·sa 88 24·Parganaa 7 8 2 2 13 12 4 4 '111 16 Calcutta 3 4 42 65 95 110 13 lD 101 123 Nadia • 17 18 3 3 4 6 2 3 "28 32 Murshldabad 19 19 1 2 2 2 1 1 •10 16 Maida • 6 7 s 1 11 11 0·3 0•5 16 16 West Dlnajpur 20 23 16 18 2 3 7 8 .Jalpalgurl 0·3 0·2 0·3 0·2 0·4 1 1 Darjeeling 1 0·2 4 2 4 1 1 8 Coocb Behar 6

TABLE 17·4 .. u .. :: . DEATH RATR FROM "PLAGUE" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM-ALL CAUSES BY SEX 1941-50 Average for ' 11141·50 1941 1942 11148 1114&. Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Kale Female West Bengal •03 ·01 ·005 •005 •01 Burdwan • ·004 ., .. Blrbbum • ., Bankura • ., :MJdnapur. .. Hooghly • Howran • .. ., 24-Parganaa .. Calcutta • :s •1 ·1 ·1 Nadia • ·04 ., Murshldabad ... Maida • • ., West Dlnajpnr • J'alpal~url , .. Darjeellng. Coocb Behar .. ..

• • I 11146 1947 1948 111411'- 11160 ,..~~ ~- Kale ... .. Female Kale Female Kale Female Kale Female Kale Female West Bengal -61 ·03 Burdwan • ·01 •1 •02 ·2 •1 . •02: Birbbum • ·1 Bo.nkura • Midnapuf. . . HOO!.fllly • -os Howrab • •l U·Parganaa ·4 :2 Calcutta • ·1 •1 liadla • "·i •& •1 1·8 :6 )t ursbldabad Maida • • ViE>st Dlna;pur • :i JaJpAiJZuri • ... J•arjt"'t'linS!'. I;Ooo!t llel.or TABLE 17.5

. DEATII RATE FROM ••DYSENTERY, DIARRHOEA AND ENTERIC GROUP OF FEVERS" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 19-U-50

lNl 1163 Ill« 1166 ..... l'emale ll&le l'emale Male l'emale )(ale Female Kale Female 1&-8 17"8 1111-G es·8 87•6 1111·0 111'1 71 .. 63•0 61•8 6t•S r..·s 60-8 6 .... t:i!·l 63·1 W·S 66·7 60·8 69·1 60·11 .... 60·7 ·-- 27·6 zo.a 17·8 a8·8 31·6 63·8 31·7 l!r.·O 1<1-$ U·3 11·8 11·8 61·6 62·6 76·1 73·1 61·0 63·1 &r.·7 61·1 ·~··66·8 611·1 60-0 &:t·ll 63·6 7:.-1 73·6 6H 68·8 1111·3 2;i·6 8>!·11 79·15 7S·S 66·1 6;1·8 111·1 12i·l 107·1 122·0 118·8 131·11 U1·S 1311·8 Uo·8 127·7 III·S 1tl:.·3 1i*l 169·8 1i>H 172·6 187·0 206·7 172·1 117·8 1i>11·1 67·2 lZ6·1 133 .. 111·6 106·1 136•1 137·6 141·8 136·7 111·1 1111·0 100·8 111·ll 14·1 2%·6 U•6 12·6 21·1 13·1 13·2 11·2 20·3 IN• 111·8 111·3 18·1 17·6 u-o 1ll-7 U·l 20·1 10·6 1·0 IH 11·8 111-r> 1;·8 17·1 U·6 lZ·l 10·1 1(;·8 13·1 12·7 11·8 11·6 -,.r, 17·6 li·7 !3·1 20·1 1(;·1 13·8 21·8 16·1 l!l·l 18·0· U·l 11·6 U·l U·& 63·1 68·1 33·6 28·8 20·11 17·2 80·1 27·1 311·1 a8·2 68·2 &11-1 &6-G 76-G 82·6 77-t 711·11 60·1 113·11 78·7 811·8 70·7 117·8 88·7

1161 1167 11168 Kale l'emale )(ale Female )(ale Female )(ale Female Kale Female 81·8 11!·1 118·1 70·7 72·8 76·1 74·0 73·8 78·3 81·7 18·6 80·1 .... ·3·5 62·0 61·7 66·8 33·11 66·6 63·& 8·1 8·1 10·1 12·6 U·ll 18·1 12·0 8·11 16·8 U·6 87·1 80·7 89·1 66·6 66·0 60·6 46·3 65·1 60·3 60·1 &ti·S 6(;·7 78·8 77·8 83-G 80·11 8&·0 86·7 711-6 71·6 106·0 124·3 120·3 137·1 12.·0 167·7 133·1 137·6 114·2 130·6 lf>H 173·8 171·1 190·6 100·0 167·1 137·11 146·11 138·8 Hll·6 06·1 7()o1 o•-8 05·8 611·0 70·1 76·6 69·3 ti6·:S 110·11 136·7 155·6 12&·6 142·7 123·2 122·3 132·3 152·4 127-ll H7·tl 1!6-11 2%"1 23·1 2&·6 89·8 38·1 42·11 36·0 60·1 6&·2 1!6·8 1!7·6 17·1 17-:il 26·6 26·11 22·11 18·8 38·6 36·3 BJ·8 81·6 U·S 12·1 16·0 13·11 111·3 13•3 18·8 1f>·6 17·7 u-o 80·8 81·8 21·0 14-1 3&·3 2\1-ll 68·6 67·0 82·1 &8·8 411·1 . 67·8 113·8 Ga·ll 78·0 8&·6 96·11 111·11 68·8 77·8 8tl-6 67·1 90·1 81·8 80·7 6&·11 63·11 1!1'6

TABLE 17.6

DEATII RATE FROM .. RESPIRATORY DISEASES OTHER THAN T. B. OF LUNGS" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941-50

11161 11168 11144 1946 )(ale l'emale )(ale Female )(ale Female )[ale Female )[ale Female .Male Female ...... 85·1 80·8 lot·• 71·11 100·7 87-li 06·8 46·7 74·6 62·11 88·1 111-11 Bardwu. 7&·0 46·2 10f>·8 70·1 85·7 61·6 68·1 35·7 68·2 811·8 70·4 39·11 lllrbbaiD • • 27·6 17·8 6... 8 40·6 60·11 36·3 26·4 17·8 111·8 12·4 24·7 U•O 1\aniLva 68·7 42·6 86·7 63·8 77·3 48·11 49·2 33·2 06·4 &2·2 77·1 66·11 MldnapV 70-G 46·6 1011-l 63·4 93·7 65·8 40·0 27·3 68·11 41·11 lla·7 62·8 HUOIIhiJ ..... tl·8 171-1 109·8 169·8 107·4 1311·2 115•6 148·8 116·6 148·8 112·1 Howrall • 133·11 116·2 171·11 129·0 1&8·1 122·3 1011·1 79·11 116·1 79·7 124·6 711·7 ••·Parcr- 70·7 68·8 110·5 63·8 113·4 18&·6 65·1 34·8 02·& 39·0 65·6 46•3 (al... - • 1&8·7 133·1 180·6 U5·6 187·7 176·6 145·7 113·8 147·6 126·2 166•8 137·11 I'..Sia • 10·7 18-t 211·7 25·7 62·8 20·6 23·8 16·6 22·8 a·• 88·8 27·3 )lqnhJ4abM 16-7 u-o 12-8 8·1 18·3 16·8 13·1 10·11 16•0 13·8 18·1 86·8 M...,.. • • 1!6-t 17•2 20·6 20·& 67·11 46·4 •l3·S 36·1 U·6 18·0 18·0 8·11 WM DtaaJpar • Ul-7 102·6 108-Q 102·8 146·6 136•1 127·8 111·4 83·0 76·4 109·7 101·3 Jalpalorvt 1j7•7 168·1 20&·6 161·7 200·7 146·8 179·1 18&·11 186·1 162·7 202·7 160•4 70·1 76-o 68·6 70·11 78·3 73·1 ~~ 80-o 78·8 117·7 62·3 611·8 76·2

111&1 111'7 11168 )(ale l'emale Kale l'emale Kale Female Kale Female Hale Female 111-8 eo-a 110·7 63·7 88•11 80·0 88·8 67·6 88·7 511·2 7t-a .... 77·1 411·1 418•8 87·3 72·8 62·11 81·41 46·11 u .. U·l 20·1 10·2 23·7 13·6 2()o1 11-11 16·11 10"0 ~1 &6·8 72·8 40·8 118•8 a9·3 06·8 85·8 611·4 37·4 1os-r 67 .. 88·6 66·2 7!1-Q 46·0 71·6 60·0 07·11 3\1·4 167.. 82·6 137•8 8:>·8 12r.1 80·1 12/l·l 78·2 122·7 110·6 ISl.. e.-a U!·6 101·4 130·11 liS· II 136·6 110·8 168-0 1U:i·l li.. 46-7 67·6 &2·8 t:i!-8 38·8 ... , 36·6 6a·8 3:i·li I

DEATH RATE FROM "SUICIDE" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEXi1941·50 Average for 1941-50 1941 1942 1943 1944 1946

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Jl.ala Female Jl.ale Female West Bengal 2·5 2·6 2·4 2·9 2·7 3·2 1·9 1·9 1·9 1·7 1H 2·6 Durdwan • 2·1 2·3 2·5 3·1 2·2 3·0 1·6 1·4 1-8 1·4 2·8 2·4 liirbhum 1·6 1·4 1·7 2·8 2·8 2·9 1·2 1·0 1·4 HI 1·2 1·0 Bankura 2·6 2·5 2·7 2·9 2·9 S·1 2·1 1·2 2·S 2·1 1·9 3·2 Midnapur. 1·4 1·4 1·8 1·6 1·4 1·5 1·0 1·0 1·1 1·2 1·6 1·6 Hooghiy 4·8 6·0 6·5 7·1 5·0 6·8 6·1 6·2 3·1 4·4 3·4 4·7 Howrah 5·1 6·1 4·3 5·5 6·1 5·7 6·2 6·3 4·6 2·5 4·9 4·7 24-Parganaa 4·6 6·2 4·0 6•8 4·6 7·3 S·2 4·0 2·3 8·1 3·3 6·3 Calcutta 1·8 1·5 1·0 0·4 1·3 1·0 0·3 0·2 1·S 1·1 2·4 1·8 Nadia 2·0 2·2 1·0 1·0 1·3 1·0 1·0 0·2 1·1 1·0 1·8 1·7 Mur•hidabad 2·0 2·2 1·8 1·7 2·3 2·1 1·3 1·4 1·7 1·6 2·3 2·2 Maida 2·0 2·1 2·0 1·7 1·7 1·4 3·1 3·1 1·1 1·0 1·3 1·0 West Dlnajpnr • 1·6 1·5 2·2 2·2 2·0 • 1·2 1·6 1·6 1·0 !-6 1·6 1·3 Jaipaigurl 1·8 1·0 1·0 1·2 1·6 1·0 1·0 1·0 1·0 1·0 1·0 0·6 Darjeeiing 3·6 1·6 2·7 1·0 2·2 1·0 3·1 0·4 8·2 2·2 8·6 1·0 Cooch Behar

1948 1947 1948 1949 1960 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Mala Female West Bengal 2·7 3·0 2·5 2·6 2·8 3·0 3·1 8·3 8·0 8·1 Bnrdwan • 2·2 2·5 2·1 1·8 2·0 2·1 2•6 8·2 1·6 2·9 Birbhum • 1·0 1·4 1·9 1·8 1•8 1·7 2·3 1·6 1·7 1·2 llankura 8·2 2·9 2·6 2·1 2·2 2·1 3·1 8·7 s-o 2·2 Midnapur: 1·3 1·9 1·6 1·8 1·7 1·8 2·0 1·6 1·6 1·2 Hooghiy • 4·1 6·4 6·6 4•9 6·4 6·9 6•6 7·1 6·1 7·0 Howrab 5·4 7·3 4·5 4·6 4•4 4•6 4·2 4·1 7·1 7·4 24·Pargan~s 4·3 5·9 3·3 6·.1 3•6 6·2 4·3 7·7 6·2 6·4 Calcutta 2·4 1·4 2•0 2·8 2·5 2·8 8·1 2·4 2·6 2·1 Nadia 8·0 3·0 8·2 2·6 2·1 4·8 4·0 6·6 8·8 6·8 Murahldab~ 1·6 2·4 2'1 8·1 8·9 3·2 2·1 3·0 2·8 3·9 Maida 2·0 1•6 2•11 1·6 2·9 3·1 2·4 ,.3 1·9 8·2 West Dinajpur • 1'0 1'8 1•4 1'7 1'6 1•7 2•6 t·6 2'6 1'0 Jaipaigurl • 8·7 1·7 1·0 1·0 1·4 1·0 1·8 1·0 1·0 1-D Darjeeling 3·4 1·0 8·2 2·2 4·8 2·3 6·9 8·9 8·9 Cooch Behar 1·2

TABLE 17.8

DEATH RATE FROM "CHILD BIRTH" PER 1,000 FEMALE DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES, 1941·50 A. verage for 1941-60 1941 1942 1943 19« 1946

West Bengal 16·6 20·6 20·1 10·0 Burdwan • 10·4 15·0 16·2 20·1 19·5 11·4 8·6 13·9 Birbhum • 11·0 17•5 19·5 8·2 Bankura • 5·3 9·4 13·0 18·3 16·9 9·2 7·5 11·8 · Midnapur. 17·9 26·0 22·4 8·9 Hooghiy • 11·3 18·7 20·8 27-1 27·7 18·1 15·1 14·2 Howrab • 11·2 19·7 15·2 24·Parganas 9·9 10·1 11·2 14·2 18·6 17·7 14·2 8·1 13·3 Cakutta • 9·9 8·5 2·9 1·6 Nadia • 8·9 11·2 11·0 6·6 4·3 4·2 7·0 11·4 Murshldabad 8·3 6·7 9·2 Maida . • 8·6 6·4 s-o 16·8 23·6 86·3 16·4 10·4 12-9 West Dinajpur • 34-Q 35·9 38·0 85·8 22·9 Jalpai~

1946 1947 1948 1949 1960 West Bengal 19•1 16o6 !1·1 1\ttrd ...... 22·6 Je-7 16·8 17•0 19·6 22-8 Birbhum • 9·8 16·\1 9·1 15·6 15·0 8·1 Bau..,ura 17-o 13·0 13·3 )l1dnapur. 16·9 11·9 22·8 18·7 22·6 20·5 Hoo,zhly • 20·6 18·5 19·4 Howrab • 24·2 23·6 18·1 13'8 8·8 10-9 10·4 2l·P&I1lanas 16·4 14·2 17·7 6·3 l'akuu.& • 19·8 14·8 15-D l)ol 15·2 17·6 :Sadia U·S 12·7 12·1 MUT>hldabad 23·1 22·4 13·8 8·8 8·7 16·5 13·0 !ib.lda • • 14·3 19·2 1!·2 west Dtnaj pur • 19·9 22·11 13·7 34·1 35·2 SH t5·5 Jalpai!luri • 0 60·7 62·8 29-1 Uu)eelillll • 152·8 78·2 66·2 • 2:1·, 26·7 24·2 Coo<"!• l'eh&r • ss-e l8·S TABLE 17.9

DEAnl RATE i"ROM ":P.L\LARIA•• PER 1,000 DEATHS FR0!\1 ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941·50

1N1 1NI 1HS 1844 19U

~ Male ...... Jlale ...... • Male ...... JWe Female ...... 131·7 1184 111·1 U!-t !:M·6 233-t 284·1 276·9 279-1 21111-G 2fl7·7 2.-IH 3~1·7 t"$-1 4-i7·l 117·1 S3IHI 1411-7 M1·1 .....- S40ol 684·t 634-ll 11<13·11 111~·4 .. ~ l-1%·1 104·1 2J1·7 111oH 240-6 2<6-8 31111-1 230-CI 2iO·S ...... 17$·4 l!ol0-4 IU·I 2~ 249-l 2"-l·O U~<·7 2<3·6 21111·1 314•6 )(14-~. - 3~t·o 344·2 2t141·1 211~·· H.,...hlr. 111-4 ~ 239-0 2111-1 2411-G 2<6·6 2115·· 29l!·8 271)-4 2"8·3 196·4 21,·1 H_.... t6-7 97 .. 10-5 ~~ .. t!>-8 43·1 N·8 &1·6 105·8 10Ni 117·4 102·1 14-P.. li8-l ..... 110-1 100·t 116-7 136-8 U8·6 1S6·6 161·4 171·7 13:!·:1 145·1 16-1 l~. 40-8 14·1 Ia·7 6:1!·6 4lNt 66-8 40·8 74·6 114·& 47·6 40·0 117.. 213-1 108·1 ~-8 Jhdla • 127·7 Si!4·8 195-G 184-t 161-t 13<1·8 33~·6 26-f·l )(.~ IN·I t<.IZ·5 441 .. 475-t 8611·6 3~1-6 391·11 St!<-4 00)6·1 r.ttl-7 MG·6 b;v-t )(aida 14!·1 1.19-7 8541·1 lo!o!·l 8411-11 346-2 IH5·9 241·8 2111·7 !ie-4 2~2-8 WM DI-Jpu. llr.·l 2~:!·1 226·1 2U·8 843·t 3:.!11-6 SOti·S'"'"' 337·2 203·8 204·6 23

lllt8 1H7 1HII 11150 .... -... _.. Jlala . l'emale Jlala Female lolale Female. Mal• Female ...... llftpl I4H 25S·8 206-1 220·8 192·8 205·1 1118·2 218·7 167·8 187·& llerdwaa • 11W-I 126-t 11111·9 2111·8 216·2 239·1 219·11 264·8 161·1 1711·1 (Ur"""• t79-9 t32·0 444·2 860·0 368·9 42&·1 461·2 867·8 S7·8 103·1·~·· UH·O 213·1 189·8 216·8 213·9 244·6 182·1 218·8 )(;.t-~. 121·1 252·7 208·8 227·9 l!tl3·t 222·6 173·7 196·4 142·11 . 165·0 Hnuorhtr. 1&9-8 1113-t 187·0 202·7 186·t 214·9 190·7 218·7 131•11 1611·1 Howrala 118-CI 11&·1 104·8 111·8 116·5 127·8 134-li 148·7 80·4 611·6 U-Pa. HI·I 162·1 108·1 111·11 114·1 116·7 113·7 117·7 101·11. 104·0 35·t l'&IMIU. 0 40·7 87-t 32-t 30·7 211-t 32·2 24·8 20·8 111·& '11&418 • 136-4 541·1 4111·1 478·1 448·4 t60·2 447·11 4S0·8 371-7: 3>'0•1 )(anblclat.4 Btl!· I 831·7 801•t 817-l! 291·6 302·t 321·1 3a7·8 244·1 254·· )(aida • • 14f>·t 148·1 828·7 334·5 300·3 286·8 340·8 366·6 820·6 822·& w ... DinaJpu. l!>

TABLE 17.10

llEATII RATE FROM .. KALA·AZAR" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX,1941·50 .A...,rap ror 1Nl-60 1941 1942 1943 1946 1946 Mal• l'emale lolale Female llale Female lolale Female lolale Female .Male Female •·7 11-1 1·11 6·2 3·11 3·6 2·7 8·11 2·8 11·6 4·& 4·6•• 1·6 1·6 1·7 2·1 2·0 2·0 1·1 1·& 1"1 2·6 1·7 ·II ·6 ·I ·4 ·S ·8 ·1 •2 ·1 ·1 ·8 .oe .. ·I .. .. ·2 ·3 ·4 ·2 ·8 ·2 ·1 •ll ·7 ·I ·8 ·8 ·2 ·2 ·2 •Oii ·3 ·1 •4 ·2 10-G 7·1 8·0 6·1 11·2 •·8 ·7 ·6 6·8 3·& 8·11 .. , 1-1 1-t 1·4 2·0 ·8 ·6 ll·t 2·7 1·1 ·II 1·8 ·8 •·1 1-G 1·0 2·8 4·8 8·6 2·6 1·11 2·& 2·0 8·8 2·7 6·8 •·8 2·11 4·6 3·0 8·t 2·11 6·0 8·8 ,.. 6·2 ••i-7 4·1 11·1 8·0 •·e . 2·9 3·8 2·8 8·11 8·0 &·4 6·8 11·6 8·1 7·7 &·8 8·6 7·2 4·7 8·2 8·6 4·0 11·8 8·11 11-1 8·7 lS·O 13·4 111-6 13·11 11>·7 13·& 6·8 8·6 8·8 &·9 t8·6 16·7 82-CI 28·1 89-7 27·1 4&·7 31·1 26·3 18·6 • 42·3 28·4 e-o 8·& 2·7 8·0 4·S 2·8 3·& 2·8 6·& 6·8 •·• 24·8••• l&·t 16·11 21·8 19·4 • 17·4· 17-1 1H lt-4 17-7 11-t 26·· ..

1H7 1H8 11150 Female lolale Female lolale Female .... l"emale ...... _. ___ 0 8·· 8-t 8·11 7·7 41·2 11-1 • 6·1 1 .. ••• •••11-t..., t-8 8·41 •••8·8 11·7 41·11 1·8 llarbMa 0 .. •·•·1 .. 1·6 1·4 1-4 ••HI ,., .. lieu.,. • .. ·1 .. -(17 ...... •8 • ·6 •I )(-~· ·7 .. .. ·2 .. ·1 1·6 1·1 1·& .. tt ...... , • u-o ., 11·11 U·2 16·8 12·0 18·8 1S·4 U·t l2·ll ,.. _..... 1 .. 1-o 1·8 1·11 2·1 .. 4·8 8·t I·& 1·9 ...__r..- •·1 ... I· I 1-o 6·6 8·6 6-t 4·8 o6·6 •·7 1H 7·1 8·1 8·7 11-4 11·8 7·8 8·6 6·2 •·a ...... 8·7 7·1 11·6 8·& 4·6 1·9 o6·6 111• ...... tt·l •I 16-7 8·7 16-ll 6·11 &·II 4·8 8·4 •••4·1 lllalda • 0 u-o 17·1 11·1 11·11 8·7 10-t 8-t 8·1 7·1 ..... Dlaal,.. 7·1 10-1•• 71·1 61·1 83"6 lill·l 411·7 11·6 12-4 J~ 1·1 1·1 It-t 9-l 8-t 7•7 7·6 "·... ••• a...... ,..uM I +I 1 ..1 IH li·l 18·8 U-6 lt·7 7-6 ~-· .... ~ ...... '''15

TABLE 17.11

DEATH RATE FROM "TUBERCULOSIS OF THE LUNGS" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES, 1941-50 ·

Average for 1941·60 1941 1942 1943 1944 11145 r--·~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 14·4 8·0 15·9 9·2 19·7 11·0. West Bengal 21-6 12·7 25·0 16·2 24•0 U·2 21·4 6·0 23·11 7·5 24·1 7·1 14·11 4·7 14·9 4·7 18·6 4·, Burdwan. 1·6. 6·6 2·0 10·8 2·1i. Birbbum 10·7 2·7 111·5 5·5 14·9 4·1 6·5 21·7 6·8 23·8 5·11 24·7 6·3 11·4 2·8 16·7 4·9 23·6 ,.6 Bankura 1·1 8·7 1·11 11-7 2·6 Midnapur 11·7 2·6 13·0 3·3 11·2 2·9 5·2 26·0 10·2 32·8 12·0 29·5 13·7 24·0 11·2 21·7 7·6 20·6 11·1 Hoogh.ly 18·2 27·0 13·6 38"4 19·7 Howrab 34·7 19·6 39·7 27·9 42-3 26·5 23·8 19·6 11·4 21-f, 10·4 22·6 9·7 . 11·2 4·8 12·5 6·2 19·2 10·1 24·Pargall&8 50·5 48·11 53·8 li6·7 61·, Calcutta 68·6 66·4 75·8 9~·1 82·8 103·6 47·2 6·6 1·4 4·6 1·4 3·7" 1·5 2·8 "1•0 8·9 H! 5·1 1·0 Nadia . 0·6 5·3 1·0 6·1 1·2 Murshidabad 5·8 1·3 5·8 2·4 5·8 1·8 2·5 8·3 1·1 2·7 1·7 3·9 1·0 3·4· 1·2 1·11 0·6 2·2 "1 Maida . • 1·5 ,.2 West Dinajpur • 6·8 2·1 6·5 2·6 5·2 3·4 6·6 1·11 4·9 'l!-1 24·2 14·2 21·5 10·1 21·0 9·0 16·4 . 11·2 12·8 6·8 9·6 8·9 J al paiguri · 43-1 Darjeeliug 63·2 51·6 48·6 4a·1 48·0 65·0 U·6 45·7 44·4 43·' U·1 Couch Dettar

1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 ~ ~ ,...---....A--- ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female West Bengal 22·2 12·3 24·6 14·4 26·3 15·3 27·1 15·6 26•5 16·4 Burdwan 23·11 6·5 24·2/ 5·8 26·1 6·5 24·2 6·6 24·4 7·3 Birbbum 10·8 2·4 9•4 2·2 13·4 3·7 12·3 2·6 9·8 2·11 Bankura 24·6 4·9 23"1 4·1 23·7 6·7 25·4 6·9 29·6 8•( Midnapur H·1 2·6 13·7 2·2 14·3 3·7 15·11 3·0 17·7 4·8 Hooghly 24·8 8·5 22·1 9·0 26·6 9·7 29·3 13·1 83-1 11·2 Howrab 33·3 18·6 37·3 20·7 37·1 21·2 41·7 25·8 41·6 16·7 24·Parganas 23·7 11·6 24·11 12·5 24·0 10·7 26·6 10·5 24·2 18·0 Calcutta 70·9 73·8 66·9 71·8 68·0 62·6 62·7 66·0 48·2 65·9 1·4 7-7 2·3 8·5 2·4 8·1 1·6 10·0 •1 Nadia 6·9 1-7·. Mursh.ldabad 6·2 ·"1 7·6 2·0 8·6 2·0 8"4 2·0 9·1 Maida • 2·8 "1 3·4 1·4 5·3 1·1 4·7 1•3 6·9 0·5 West Dinajpur 6·1 2·1 4•4 2·3 5·11 1·11 11·4 2·4 6·3 1·11 Jalpaigurl 17·1 10·4 29·3 17·8 43·3 22·2 44·5 30·7 43·9 82·8 Darjeeling 42·0 55·8 65·7 60·3 68·11 66·6 70·2 65·2 61·1 61·9 Coocb Dehar .. -.

TABLE 17.12

DEATH RATE FROM "SNAKE BITES" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSI!.S ·BY SEX, 1941-50 Average for 1941·50 1941 1942 1943 1944 : . 1945 .... Male Female 1Maie Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female West Bengal 3·9 3·7 4·8 4·3 4·7 4·6 2·2 2·1 2·8 2·8 8·5 3·6 Burdwan • 4-ll 4·2 7·1 4·6 6·1 5·0 2·9 3·9 3·4 3·8 4·1 4·0 Birbbum 2·6 2·6 3·6 2·6 4·5 4•1 1·8 2·1 1·8 -2·0 2·1 3·0 Baukura 4•2 4"5 6"1 5"7 4"9 6"2 2"7 2•9 3•7 8•6 3"4 3"8 Miduapur. 6•1 4·1 6·4 4·7 6·7 4·5 1·11 1·5 4·0 4·2 6·6 4·6 Hooghly 6·1 6·4 8·7 8·7 4·9 7·2 6·6 5·6 3·7 4·4 6·6 4·9 Howrab 2·5 2·1 8·4 1·8 3·9 3·6 1·3 1·2 1·8 1·5 2·2 Nl 24-Parganu 5·8 5·1 7·2 6·6 8·3 7·3 2·9 3·0 3·7 3·4 6·5 4·2 l'alcutta 0·4 0·2 ·2 ·09 0·4 0·1 ·4 ·1 Nadia 4·0 4·5 4·4 8·4 2·9 4·2 2·5 2·0 3·4 2·11 8·2 4•7 Mun~Wdabad 3·6 4·6 4·5 6·1 3·5 3·2 1·8 1·3 2·8 2·8 3·5 6·3 Maida 6·2 6·1 6·2 7·0 9·2 12·9 4·4 2·2 3·1 2·2 3·7 4·2 West DinaJpur : 4·3 5·8 3·5 3·5 5·4 6·0 6·2 6·6 3·9 3·8 3·2 5·3 Jalpal~'llri • 1·7 1·2 1·7 ·9 1·9 1·3 1·0 ·8 ·7 ·7 1·5 ·7 Darjeeling ·6 ·6 ·II ·7 ·3 ·4 ·5 ·9 ·5 ·5 ·1 •II Coocb &har

1946 1947 1948 1949 195<1 ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female .Hale ;Female West Bengal 4·2 4·4 4·5 4·2 4·8 4·1 4·6 4·8 4•5 4·4 Burdwan 4·6 4-6 4·6 4·2 5·4 3·8 5·7 ,.3 6·8 bilUhum • 4·8 1·7 1•8 2·2 1·3 8·3 3·3 3·3 8·3 "3·1 3·5 llankura 4·8 6·1 4·6 4·6 4·5 4·6 4·2 4·8 M1dnapur. 4·11 6'1 5·8 lHl 6·, 4·0 8·1 5·2 6·5 4·5 ·6·1 4•"/ lioo~hly 6·2 7·6 6·8 5·7 6-5 3·8 6·7 5·3 7·0 6·1t Ho"rah 3•3 2-6 3·3 2·5 2·2 2·4 2·2 2·9 2·6 2·6 :U·l'argauU 7"1 7•1 8·1 5·7 6·5 4·6 6·6 li·8 l'akutta 7·6 6·5 . ·7 ·2 ·3 •1 ·6 -os 1·0 •3 ·3 ·2 1\adia 4·8 8·9 6·7 8·3 4·6 5·6 MW">hlda~ 6·7 5·7 6·5 6·3 4-1 4·11 4·0 6·4 . 6·1 6·8 3·7 6·5 4·7 i-4 Maida 4·6 7·1 6·6 8·8 6·7 7·0 West Dlnaipur : · 9·0 7·4 6·4 8·1 4-o ii·7 6·0 6·1 4·7 7·3 5·0 7-6 4·1 J&lpai~'llri .• 6·9 1·8 •S 2·1 HI 2·3 1·9 ·2·7 2·6 2·1 Dar)...,hng 1"0 2·4 ·2 .. ·6 ·6 1"4 ·-~ ·2 •8 ·5 . Coo~h l>ehU" . .. ' .. ···' A..PPE.~'DIX A

A brief aecoaD& ol the his&o17 of Yital Statistics ia West BeDPI The maintenance of eenealogical trees in important The establishment of the District Superintendent of bmilies is an ancient fellture in our country and these Police proved unable to cope with this work and in some trees may be regarded as our only surviving account of districts it was transferred to the District Magistrate. vital statistics before compulsory registration was intro In Chottanagpur many of the choukidars, who were duced. They recorded births, marriages and deaths but, poorly paid, preferred dismissal to the burden of this as can be readily concluded. they were imperfect and new duty. In a small area in Hooghly, a Bengnh did not record dates in most cases. Records of marri missionary, by house to house visitation, succeeded in ages and deaths among Muslims have been banded compiling statistics which he used to illustrate the down to us from the offices of Qazis and Imams but devastations of the "Burdwan fever ". Two District these, too, in the nature of things, were bound to be Magistrates saw to the prospect of accurate statistics incomplete because not all marriages and deaths were being obtained through the chauk.idars and advocated entered even among important families. compulsory registration such as the Calcutta Municipal Act provided for. Tbe history of the Census and Vital Statistics in The statistics as a whole were admittedly unreliable, India bas followed that in England. In 1936-37 an Act but a mass of information was gradually made avail Fin& ate requiring registration of births, able. Nothing was however done towards digestini PI marriages and deaths was pro- these statistics, comparing those of different areas, or mulgated in England. As a consequence, quarterly utilising them. It was decided that the examination .md returns of births, marriages and deaths of European extraction of vital statistics should be entrusted to the British subjects then residing in India were collected Sanitary Commissioner as the Officer on whose duties from Ministers of all denominations and transmitted to the practical conclusions drawn from these statistics the Registrar General in England. At this time and most directly bear. He was asked to propose simple aubsequenUy the registration of these events was con forms and to group causes of death into the most obvious fined to Calcutta. Later, an Indian Act VI was passed and easily recognizable classes, of which the destruc in 1886 by which registration of births, deaths and tive symptoms are known and familiar to the rude.>t marriages of Europeans was made obligatory and the villager. After a short trial or the new system it was transmission of their returns to the Registrar General thought that Government would be in a position to of England was regularised. This still holds good to-day propose legislation on any point on which it might be in all States of India. found necessary and that trustworthy information would be ready for comparison with the census, which was to In Bengal, the years 1864-69 saw the beginnings of be taken in 1871. Without a census of course, the real registration. A census of the British territories in value of these statistics could not be secured. India was to have been taken Before the year 1864, there had been no registration Proposals for CeDSUs in India in 1861 but was deferred and rerts1nUon of in consequence of the Mutiny in Calcutta. Under the municipal organisation then . . . introduced, the duty was entrust- Vital ~tstlsUc:s dur- till 1865. Various administrative RegiStrat_IoD of VItal ed to Eurasian and Native IDe 186!-69 inconveniences prompted Sir events m Calcutta . . . before and after . Medical Prac~tioners, s~x .. in Cecil Beadon in .May 1865 to urge upon the Supreme 1873 number, one m each div1s1on Government the expediency of reviving the project for of the town. The results were taking a census of all India. A census of the North considered unsatisfactory after four years of trial and in Western Provinces was taken in 1865 by Plowden st.1d 1868 the work was transferred to the Police. Each an exploratory census of Ben&:al by Beverley in 1866-7. Section Inspector (there were eighteen sections) became An authoritative census of the Province of Bengal was a registrar of births and deaths. Registers were also taken in 1872 which marked the first of a series of decen kept at the burning ghats and burial grounds so that the nial censuses thereafter. In 1864 an Act (No. Ill) was record of corpses burnt and buried might be used to passed to provide for the first time a fairly compre check the section registers. Returns were furnished hensive and elaborate code for mufiasil municipalities from churches, from the garrison, from the shipping of Bengal but no provision was made for taking a office and from some hospitals. These returns were to census or registering births and deaths in them. In be duly used for compilation in Calcutta Municipal 1867 the Government of India suggested the collection Office. of mortuary returns .. approximately accurate and such •• would be at least valuable as a commencement of In 1875, the law was forcibly brought to the people's statistics". notice by beat of drum in Calcutta and the Deputy Com missioner of Police gave much attention to this suLject. There were no census returns at this time with which The Health Officer was responsible for compiling the births and deaths even if they were accurate could be vital statistics of the town, but did not exercise direct compared but the local Government decided that de3th control over the collection of the material, as the Polko returna should be procured through municipalities where was in charge of the work. Moreover, the Health they existed and through village choukidars and the Department was inadequately stafied. Despite these Poli~ ~l.sewhere. Orders to this efiect were issued in circumstances the Health Officer in his report of 1876 1868. Chaukidars were to make weekly or bi-weekly gave reasons why the work of registration of Vital reports to Poli~ Stations and the re&:isters prepared Statistics should also pass to his care. The statement a\ thHe stations were to be forwarded to the District of birth and death rates in Calcutta from 1868-1876 as Supermtendent'1 office for compilation and submission shown below will indicate that the registration, though to the Commissioner. defective, was showing signs of slow improvement. Year 18&8 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 187~ 1~78 l\irda r.te pw 1,0110 ol population~- 1875 13-1 13·8 12·2 12·0 1()-5 10·7 1()-8 16·3 17-3 11M&ta r.te .- 1.000 ol population «oiYII8 11175 • 3:! 29·8 24•4 24 27•8 26•4 29·4 31 311'2 lara ... ~t7 nte pw 1,000 bin b. • Ull 53

The results were far from satisfactory and the whole The collection and recording of vital statistics, how question was placed before the Government with the . ever, continued to be unsatisfactory under municipal object of improving the existing machinery. But the authorities. Records of deaths Retransfer of regis in municipalitites appeared in system continued till the Calcutta Municipal Act was tration in munici passed in 1889 when the work of registration of vital palities to the town deed to be in many cases less events was restored to the municipal authorities. The policv 1892 trustworthy than those of the revised Act of 1913 made no change in the administra rural circles. tion regarding registration of births and deaths in Calcutta. The work of registration was, therefore, with effect from the 1st January, 1892, again transferred to the town So much for Calcutta. It soon appeared that the police and it was directed that the municipal funds thus Sanitary Commissioner was unable to devote sufficient set free should be applied to the advancement of primary attention to this all-important education. Birth registration through agency of the Compulsory Births branch of public health work. police was at the same time introduced into rural as and Deaths Registra The Army Sanitary Commission well as urban areas. This change-over from the local tion Act of 1873 en in England commented very bodies to the Police seemed to effect an overall improve forced in urban and severely on the worthlessness of ment in registration. In 1896 there were 527 prosecu rural areas of Bengal tions, 2,049 convictions, and Rs. 3,155 in fines were by Police statistics presented in the Sani tary Commissioner's Report for realised. 1872. The Sanitary Commissioner attributed the failure At this time births and deaths were thus registered "mainly to bad agency, and secondly to want of interest through the town or village police all over Bengal except on the part of local officers and the consequent absence the South Lushai Hills, Chittagong Hill Tracts and the of the necessary supervisors and urged that a compulsory district of Angul. The statistics thus collected were from system of registration should be introduced". time to time checked by Magistrates, Subdivisional Officers, Police Officers and the Sanitary Commissioner The Bengal Births and Deaths Registration Act (Act and his subordinates including the superior officers of IV) was passed in 1873. This Act introduced a dual the vaccination staff. In 1899, the Government o! system which provided for. the submission of returns Bengal passed orders so that station masters of all rail from both "general circles" and "selected circles ". way stations within the province but outside the munici The returns for the general circles included the selected pal towns should be registrars of births and deaths and circles and related to the whole of Bengal. In the be responsible for ascertaining and reporting to the " selected circles " whether urban or rural, a higher Civil Surgeons of their respective districts all births degree of accuracy was sought to be obtained by the and deaths occurring on all railway lines and lands employment of special agencies under closer supervision. (including lands occupied by railway employees, etc., The " special circle " was to serve as an example of the whether within or without the jurisdiction of the railway manner in which registration ought to be conducted. police). Station masters were· to register events and In modern parlance it would be regarded as a sample send the return to the Civil Surgeon on the first day of area for quality control. In 1877, this system of selected every month. The Civil Surgeon was to show these areas was condemned as costing more than it was figures separately in the monthly return and submit it worth and it was decided to dispense with all special to the Sanitary Commissioner. No change of this system agencies and to collect vital statistics by the same was made for several years. During 1906-09 an experi machinery that was employed in the general circles. ment was made in the Galsi thana (Burdwan) to test the accuracy of rural registration. Up to 1875, registration of births was undertaken In 1909 the Eastern Bengal and Assam· Governments in " selected circles " covering all but four districts. took up the question of improvement of registration in It was attempted for the first time in " general circles " Registration retrans- compulso~y . notifiable areas. in 1876 and proved a failure. The experiment was ferred to lUunicipal The vaccmation staff was to abandoned in 1878. Registration of births continued Authorities 1913 check the statistics and a reward however in a few selected municipalities and in 1880 it of four annas was paid for every was resumed in all first class municipalities and in conviction obtained. The results were unsatisfactory certain towns. It was in this year that the Compulsory and the whole subject was reconsidered in 1912. VaccinatioJJ. Act was passed. By 1881, the Registration Act was in force in 101 towns. Both births and deaths The work of registration lay outside the sphere of the statistics were quite unreliable, births statistics being ordinary duties of police, the public disliked going to more so than deaths. In many of these towns voluntary the thana to report vital occurrences and the work of registration was almost unknown, while prosecutions the police was not directly under the Sanitary Depart were inadequate. ment. For these reasons, with the almost unanimous approval of district officers, registration was again trans ferred to the municipal authorities on the 1st April, 1913. In 1886 registration of births was extended and a very important change of system was introduced by the In 1916 the health officers of municipalities were Government transferring the made responsible for all round improvement of the tratioaTransfer to ofMunicipal ~ d uty o f registering both births registration of vital events and in the next year the authorities and deaths in towns to munici- Registration Act was extended to the Asansol Mining pal authorities. In m®y of these Settlement. In 1925 station masters of railway stations towns Act IV of 1873 was actually in force but the local within a town were made reporters of births and . authority had been unwilling to undertake the burden deaths and required to submit their returns to the of registration which the police had hitherto borne. municipal registrar. In 1929 medical officers of hos In some towns even the registration of vaccination pitals situated in towns were asked to report births and under the Compulsory Vaccination Act (Act V of 1880) deaths occurring within hospitals to municipal registrars. was performed by Police. In rural areas the system The above system of registration was followed in all of registration by the Police of deaths remained un altered. municipalities and there has been no major change on this point in urban areas of the State. 1 CENSUS 8 r~ the rural areaa the work of re(istration In 1913 the month ~.-hich the thana officer was required to attt>nd. wu transferred in two subdivuiom (Kalna and Chand All registers of births and deaths were preserved In the pur) to the dlauJddarl panchayets to be assisted by district room only for a period of thirty years. munshl chaukidan and In 1915 this system was extended Local authoritit>S were entitled to char;:e for supply to Bogra and to the Lalbagb Subdivision. There were ing copit>S of entries in the registers of birtM and de•ths thu. in 1915 four ~eocies in Bengal for the registra a fee of four annas for each extract in rural areas 1md tion of vital OttUr'n!nces. N.- . eight annas in town. Registers and forms were supplied (1) the Police and the village chaukidar (in most by Government free of cost. Thana and Circle Olllcers rural areas) ; drew up estimates of annual requirements and sent . them to their Subdivisional Officers for transmission to (2) the panchayet. with their munshl chaukidan the District Health Officer who distributed the forms on (in certain selected rural areas); indent from the Forms Department. A chaukidar used (3) the municipal staft (in urban areas) and Fonn No. 2990 for births, No. 2998 for deaths and (4) the atat.ion master of the railway station outside No. 3014 for Epidemic diseases. Bengal Fonn Nos. 2993 municipal town.. and 2999 were used by local registrars for birth and death registration respectively. Bengal Fonn No. 2998 The above aystem continued till 1928 when thana was used by Local Registrars for supplying monthly health circles were established. Health Officers were returns and similarly Benral Fonn No. 2997 was used Raral Pabll Health aPP?inted .for each district ~d by Subdivisional Officers and District Health Officer. R&erraalsa:ic,. of sarutary mspectors for public For the prompt notification· to the Ministry of Health S.ral 1a 1921 health circles. This ~ure in England of the prevalence of certain epidemic diseases became necessary as C1vil Sur every Tuesday. an innovation was introduced in 1920 leGDI could not cope with the work of public health as requiring a telegraphic summary of the main features well u medical duties and. therefore. the public health relating to the prevalence of plague. small-pox. cholera. portion wu transferred from the Civil Surgeon to the influenza in Bengal during the week ending the previous District Health Omcer. The Bengal Births and Deatb9- Saturday. This information was supplied to the Gov Regfatration Act. 1873 was now extended to all rural ernment of India by the Director of Public Health. The areaa ln Ben&al. EveJ'7 district was divided into a suit District Health Officer collected such reports both from able number of rerlstrat.ion units. such as union boards. urban and rural areas and sent them to the Director of pancbayeU unions. railway stations and thanas. The Public Health for the purpose. Incidentally. in 1894 work of re(Utratlon was gradually transferred from the Civil Surgeons used to notify any outbreak or existence pollee to the hands of local bodies. Presidents of union of epidemic diseases in their district to their colleagues boards. panchayetl unions. station masters and thana of neighbouring districts and the system of inter omcen were by the Diatrict Magistrate appointed local provincial exchange of epidemic information was intro registrars of births and deaths for their respective areas. duced in 1922 but since 1926 these functions were EveJ'7 village chaukidar was required to report at the assumed by the District Health Officer. local police station. chaukidarl union or union board But the compilation of vital statistics caused delay omce. all births and deaths occurring within his beat. under the system and the matter was discussed at the Vital atati&Ucs were compiled according to the date of Divisional Commissioners• Conference In 1931. A new occurrence and re1ionally by tbanas and not by sub system was adopted in some districts for trial so that divWons. The following sequence of dates was pre registrars were required to submit their monthly IC'ribed for the submission of vital statistics from one returns of births and deaths direct to Sanitary Inspec- arency to the next :- tors who compiled statistics for the thana and forwarded it direct to the District Health Officer and not through (A) Diatrid B~dl the Subdivisional Officer. The dates of submission of (i) Cbaukidars to the local regfstran .vital statistics by one agency to the other were n.t "lth day of the succeeding month. follows:- (U) Local ~listran to Subdivisional Officer (a) By chaukidar to 7th day of the succeeding Not later than the 12th day of the succeed· local registrars. month. In& month. (b) By registrars to Not later than 12th day of (W) Subdlvlslonal Officers to District Health the Subdivi the succeeding month. omcei'- sional Officer or Sanitary In- Not later than the 15th day of the succeed spectors as the ina month. case may be. (lY) Diatrict Health Officers to Director of Public (c) By Subdivisional Not later than 17th day of HMlth- Officer or Sani· the succeeding month. Not later than the 20th day of the succeed tary Inspector ina month. The aubmissioo of district to District· return. throu(b Civil Surgeons was dia Health Officer. ~Unued lD 1928. (d) By District Health Not later than 23rd day of Officer to Direc the succeeding month. (B) Jlnfdpcllltlea tor of Public Tbe MUDJctpal Health omcer, or the Municipal Health. Qaimuua as the case may be, should forward the returna direct to District Health Officers In the case of municipalities. the monthly vital and DOt to SUbdivisional Otlken or Civil statistical returns were to be submitted to the District Su.rpoaa. Health Officer not. later than the 15th day of the succeed ina month. This system continued up to 111-13. Where tM local ft'ristran were thana otncers. the d&fadAra were nqulred to eollect the chaukldars' hath · After the appointment of SanitaJT Inspectors to chittu and hand ~ In at the ftrst weelt17 parade of health circles. local registrars In 1939 were required 55

to supply every month to Sanitary Ins~ectors info~ summary of the Report and its conclusions is printed tion regarding all births and deaths. Th1s was consider as an Appendix in this volume. ed necessary to enable Sanitary Inspectors properly to The existing method of registration and eornpil~tion look after the Sanitary measures of their area. To of births and deaths in the State of West Bengal lS U enable District Magistrates to exercise control over the follows:~ working of the Ben~:al Births and D~atJ;ts Regi~tration Act in municipal and rural areas, D1stnct Mag1strates A-Registration were required to send quarterly reports showing 1.heo number of prosecutions, number of convictions, fines Throughout the State of West Bengal except the realised etc. under the Act to the Director of Public district of Cooch Behar the registration of births and Health. ' As ~ consequence the supervision of the Regis deaths within e~ht days of theit tration Act seemed to improve in this period. Legislation date of occurrence Is compulso1'7 and it is administered in different areas according to Ever since the introduction of the system under which the Act as mentioned below :- the responsibility of registering births and deaths was placed upon Presidents of Union In rural areas . Bengal Births and Deaths Registration trans· Boards, there were repeated Registration Act of 1873. ferred from union complaints that vital statistics Urban areas (except Bengal Births and Oeaths president to thana Sanitacy Inspector were late in reaching the Direc Calcutta & Howrah). Registration Act · and 1944 tor of Public Health leading Bengal Municipal Act of to · delay in submitting the 1932 and rules · Issued provincial report to the Public Health Commissioner thereunder.· with the Government of India. As Presidents held office Calcutta Muilicipai Act · of in an honorary capacity and for one reason or another City of Calcutta and were often absent from their unions, the system was Howrah. 1951. considered unsatisfactory. Under orders of the Gov Cantonment areas , Cantonment Acts and . Bye ernment, dated the 4th January, 1944, District Magis laws issued thereunder. trates were instructed to cancel the appointment of (i) Urban areas-In the municipalities: (including Presidents of Union Boards as registrars of births and Calcutta) municipal authorities are respons1ble fo~ the deaths and to appoint the Thana Sanitary Inspectors in efficient management of reglstra their place. The Sanitary Inspectors were asked to Agency tion of vital events. Registrars attend the fortnightly parades of chaukidars at the of Births and Deaths are appointed by the Municipal thana and take the figures of births and deaths direct Commissioners in Municipalities and by the Health from the hathchittas of chaukidars and at once compile Officer in Calcutta for the purpose. The father the list and forward it to the District Health Officer. or mother is primarily responsible for reporting birthS As both the Sanitary Inspector and District Health and other persons who are required to report are the Officer were officers of the Public Health Organisation, occupiers of the building in which such child is· born, they could see that vital statistics returns were compiled the medical practitioner or the midwife. In case of and forwarded regularly and punctually thus effecting death it should be done by the nearest relatives present a considerable saving of time. This change was intro at the time of death or in attendance during the ·last duced with immediate effect. Later in July 1945, an illness of the deceased or in absence of such relation the additional health assistant was sanctioned to 11 Sanitary medical practitioner if any, who attended during t~e Inspectors to help them in compiling vital statistics. last illness. In the municipalities which have no regis Famine and epidemic had prevailed all over Bengal trars of deaths at burning ghats or burial grounds, the in 1943. It was the delay in submitting figures to White fuel contractors, ghat priests and doms of thE! burning Hall in 1943 from the former agencies that this change ghats and munshis of burial grounds are to report from Union Presidents to Thana Sanitary Inspectors ·deaths to the registrars periodically. Station Masters was made. Though- the returns were received earlier, of railway areas within municipalities are responsible they became less representative of the. area, as the for reporting vital events occurring within their ·areM. population of the new registration district increased ten The family is primarily responsible for reporting birthlf times approximately. Some army Subdivisional Health and deaths in the municipal areas including Calcutta; Officers were appointed at subdivisional headquarters (ii) Rural areas-In rural areas village chaukidars. for the control of epidemics and later the Government are reporters of births and deaths occurring within their decided to place each subdivision under a Health beats. They are provided with a double set of hath Officer as "Subdivisional Health Officer". The Sub chittas of. births and deaths for collection of villag~ divisional Health Officers in addition to their public statistics: .. If they are. illiterate (as they generally are) health duties, supervised the work of registration of they may· Jiav~ .the entries made by any literate persod vital statistics and were responsible for the normal of the locality.- The dafadars of the union collect one administration of vital statistics registration of the area. set of Jiathchittas of births and deaths from all chauki In 1945, detailed instruction in connection with the dars of the union and submit them at their week17. registration work were issued by the Government to the parades at Thana to the Sanitary Inspectors of Tbanaa local registrars, i.e., Thana Sanitary Inspectors for thei.J' guidance. who are the Registrars of Births and Deaths for the Thana areas. The Sanitary Inspector with a health After 1947, all subdivisions were provided with Sub assistant attends parades of dafadars at the thana and divisional Health Officers and a scheme for rural health collects one set of hathchittas from the dafadars and centres was started. So far Hl3 union health centres retains the same for the purpose of registration ; the ha\'e been created and it has been proposed that the other set of hathchittas is handed over to the dafadar for Rural Medical Officer of Health will be the registrar of distribution amongst the chaukidars concerned for the births and deaths for the union where the Union Health purpose of collection of vital statistics, in the sub Centre is opened. In 1948 a pilot survey to determine sequent week. the extent of incompleteness of registration of births The above procedure is not applicable in the and deaths was undertaken and its results were Darjeeling district. In tJlli. district, the Thana Officers published in a Vital Statistics Special Report. A are Registrars o' Births and Deaths and village mandal.S 8A 56 or beadmm are responsible for reporting births and General of Ilealth Services with the Government of deaths OC'C'Urrinl within their beats. India. (ill) Otber ~:\lanagers of tea gardens, medical A permanent Census Act was passed in 1948 and the otncen of hospitals, authorities of factories and rrulls post of a Registrar General and Ex-Officio Census Com out.ide the jurisdiction of unions, municipalities and missionE-r has been created to deal with population cantonments and officers in charge of forests are res censuses and vital statistics under a single organisation ponsible for reporting births and deaths occurring within of the Central Government. Accordingly, the subject their respective areas. of vital statistics including rt'gistration of births and Railway Station Masters are responsible for collec deaths has been included in the concurrent legislative tion and registration of vital events OC'C'Urring within list. A new era in vital statistics registration is thus their areu. expected to follow. In cantonments the Executive Officer is responsible A table showing the nature of information collected since the beginning is annexed. This note may conclude for re~stration. with the recommendations made by W. Goode, Secretary in 1919 of the Local Self Government and Medical Public 8-CompilatiOD Health Department of the Government of Bengal, quoted helow : In urban areas, the municipal registrars of births "The committee has already decided to recommend and deaths compile the monthly vital statistical returns that the central organisation for controlling registration and submit the same to the District Health Officer by and collatinit and utilization of the data it furnishes the 15th of the succeeding month for inclusion in the should be strengthened. It suggests that a Deputy district return. . Sanitary Commissioner should be placed in char&e of 2. In rural areas the procedure for compilation and this work ; constituting with his office a separate branch transmiuion of vital statisti<;al returns is as follows :·- of the Public Health Department. It is outside the (ca) The local thana registrars of births and deaths province of the Committee to make proposals for the collect reports of births and deaths from all reporting improvement of the local registering agency. The agencies and from railway station masters within their history of registration in Bengal indicates the difficulties respective jurisdictions and compile a return of the with which the whole question is beset. The Sanitary police 1tation and submit the same to the District Health Commissioner has pointed out that the system under Officer by the lOth of the succeeding month. which local bodies are constituted by the registering (b) Executive Officers of Cantonments compile authorities for their local areas is unsound in as much · monthly returns of their areas and submit them to as vital statistics supply the facts by which these District Health Officers. Sanitary Administrators must be judged. It will how· 3. District Health Officers compile monthly vital ever be for the new Central Branch which the .:om· 1tatistical returns of their districts showing figures of mittee suggests should be created to examine the work· municipalities and rural thanas separately therein, and ing of the local agency on which it will depend for its 1ubmit them to the Directorate of Health Services where material and to make proposals to Government for its district and State figures are compiled in permanent improvement. It can hardly be doubted that the history records. of registration in Bengal justifies the committee's pro t. The final figures of the State and towns w1th posals to create a separate branch for vital statistics in populations of 30,000 and over are sent to the Director the new Public Health Department." APPENDIX B Estrada from pages 4'7-49 of the Report of a Pilot SlltVey held In the districts of Burdwan, Bankura, Nadia, %1-Parcaua, Maida and Darjeelinr in the year 1948 by Dr. P. G. Choudhury and published by the West ~neal Gonrnmenl 1D 1952 Summary and condu.sion.s.-The work of registration the work is entrusted to a part-time officer. The present though a statutory duty of the Government is admini registrar has to perform this work in addition to other •tered by local bodies and from the results of the survey more arduous official duties. The registration office i1 It has been found to be utterly defective, inaccurate and too far away for the majority of the people and as a unproductive. Omission in the registration of births result neither the people can report personally nor can and deaths is more than 50 per cent. and about 22 per the chaukidars attend office regularly. In fact, the ~t. of the registered evenu cannot be traced or verified. work of registration has deteriorated since 1944 when It bas further been observed that the data compiled it was transferred from Union Boards to Police Stations. in the Central Office for the purpose of analysis and Deled• publication, etc., do not tally even Although the reporting of vital event. is a primary with those in the original regis duty of the people, yet they are quite ignorant of this &era. Discrepancies between the figures of the register fact. Nothing has been done so far to make the peol)lc and the return are about ± 5·06 per cent. Moreover the alive to their responsibility. As a result people seldom l'ftunu are neither representative of the area and mon!h report births and deaths for registration. Moreover ln question nor contain all the information available there is very little utilisation of birth and death certi ln the original register. And whatever is available, ficates by the people, nor has the State yet enforced llny reaches this omce three to four months after iu due of these measures. People are not punished for non· date laden with mistakes. registration even if their negligence is brought to the The registration of vital statistics was enforced by notice of the law. Not even Rs. 100 is realised either the Bengal Births and Deaths Registration Act of 1873, from certificate fee or from prosecution of delinquent. while the Government spends about Rs. 1·55 lacs every ~asou •·by erro but the desired improvement has are M& elirlliD.akclra not yet been obtained owing to year which serves little useful purpose and is nearly inherent defects in the system. all wasted. A Police Station .,;th an average population of 100,000 In the rural areas, chaukidars are entrusted With and an area of 100 sq. miles is the present registration reporting vital statistics. But these chaukidars are d.at.rict ln rural areas. Tbis area is too big and un illiterate and ill pald and can hardly report cauae of mana,eable e\·en for &e\·eral whole--time regiStrars but death and age at death correctly. They have neither the training nor the incentive to Tax Collectors may be appointed as reporters ot do their work properly and consequently they do not births and deaths in municipalities. These tax collectors pay any attention to its improvement. and chaukidars may be trained in vital statistics and the best workers may be rewarded. This will provide an incentive to them. A reward fund for the purpose In urban areas too, registration does not receive may be opened in each district under the control of the proper attention. The municipal authorities have no district officers out of the prosecution fees realised. It reporting agency and have to depend entirely on the is proposed that whoever (chaukidars or Tax Collector) apathetic public for this purpose. Consequently, the will detect omission in registration of births and deaths vital statistics of towns have been found, in course of will receive a reward of eight annas per successful case the survey, to be more defective than those of rural of prosecution. The reward may be increased to Rs. 4. areas. when the fine imposed under sections 7 and 8 of the Bengal Births and Deaths Registration A

'l'aWe 1

Binhl btl ""ion~, th4R41 and towu : comparilort -btttceen the 1948 m~ev fi~s and those recorded i" the original official registen

Total birthe ~' Birtlaa ~' ot'CIUJ'I'M oa.illioa Per.a& ol DiUo&..... Nioe Binba of UnloM rPgd. Yerilied la1~ onr ~a;o. &&Uoa nritied &ot&J OYf'C' IlK& 0~ .. "'£d. de &.elM ..... "'P· durins &iOII 81lrYe1

~ Bard--r'••• K.,_ I Kuhi~m 2J8 U4 IK·t 363 33·ll 141-6 I Khajurdihl 181 169 87·8 2:l9 ~ 126-6 .a 8rik.bucia . • .. 210 119 SS·J 274 34·1 130-6 Alampw' Jgt 164 8H 2i>l 3<6·7 1:!1H •6 Gidhpaa ill 179 M·8 304 4H UH Karui 191 174 91-1 %.>& 31·8 133·6 •7 Karajgram 214 179 83·6 289 38·1 13.>·0 8 Sribati 212 195 111·9 30ll 33-4 lt:H 9 Finghl · 175 160 111·5 224 28·6 128·0 10 Agrachrip 162 143 118·3 285 49·8 1740 11 Jagadallandapur 175 163 87-4 261 41-4 149-1

TOTaL 2,188 1,929 88·2 1,031 36·0 138-U

Diatric& Baok- I Manikba1ar • M 75 89·1 99 24·2 117·9 .f,~. ~-"!"~~ 2 Hamirhati 80 76 96·0 91 16·6 113·8 . '· .. a Pearbera 91 81 88·0 128 311·7 136-9 4 Dhnlal In 136 91·8 1M 2H 1:!6·2 6 Kochdihi 121 108 89·3 1M 41·3 10:!-1 8 Nabuon 128 us 100·0 164 ll:l~ UIH 7 Dihipara 138 131 94·9 168 2li·O Ul·7 8 DhanAimla 91 83 91·2 108 23-1 118·7 Pane hal 78 68 87-2 1:!0 43·3 163·8 10• Radhamohan pUI' 171 170 99·4 23.} 27-7 J3H

TOTAL 1,130 1,066 93-1 1,479 28·3 130·9

2~r~P. &B~~ 1 Ghorarasb 249 210 84-3 3::.12 34·8 1:.!9·3 2 Dhanyakuria , 231 201 87·0 4.>2 oo·li 196·7 a Chana ·.•. 226 201 88·9 410 lii·O 1111-4 4 ChampapukUJ' 306 286 80·3 &10 43·9 H3·3 · 6 Sangrampur . 124 108 87-1 2110 112·11 233·9 8 Sankchura 203 137 6NI 384 114-3 189·2 7 ninda . 282 215 ?8-2 523 liD~ 1!111·2 8 Pil• 271 253 93·4 621 61·6 19311

Tout. 1,942 1,611 83·0 3,418 &2·8 176·9

Diatriet Nadia-P. 8, NoN. I &blarf • 131 67 49·1 166 69·6 122·0 : 4..t, I 8traruppnj . 208 63 26·6 301 82·4 144·7 a lla,apur IlK ?:I 37-1 307 79-8 184·0 TOTAL 638 192 3&·7 824 ?6-7 163·2

-~'""' ~ I llilkl . 629 176 7~9 700 46·4 132·3 P. B. ~llfllYA B.- ! Kuigram Jut 162 77-t IUD 23·8 101·6 3 Jodupnr 123 68 47·2 142 69·.2 JIH 4 AmritJ . 2117 199 67~ 338 U·J 113·8 6 Narhate 178 128 70-8 %13 49-8 1111-7 I lllahadipw 143 78 M·5 183 67-4 128-9 7 J(.ottrali 148 69 46-8 161 6-4·3 102~ •. _ ....

TOTAL :~< ,J.81' 1,007 ~-3 1,928 ~-I JID-3 ,...... - ~ .. a..rie&s.d... Kat- • .. ; • 70 6t ao• !H 10-t 417-J 44·3 .. :.. nwn..u.~Wr- • • .loy.a,...Maal1pw •.; .... .%70 248 tl·l 442 161-7 -.&~..- _, .. _ N 60-6 622 12·0 :so .. .. ~·; -. :_.·..• )at 59

Table 1-concld. . Birt1u by unions, tharnu and towns : comparison between the l948. St.L"'elJ ·figures · and those recorded in the original of!icia1 Tegisters ··

Total birthll Percent Percent Percent occurred f • .o. . 1 of. Birtha Birthll of in 1948 Diatrict and Police Unions regd. omi88IOII "deteetion Station verified verified ... oveP over 1948 over detected total regd. during detection re6d. survey

T~td.

. ! ~ Diatrict D&rjeeling Kurseong . 237 9j 39-7 542 82·7 228-'i' UaB.&II Tor.t.L 763 490 ·64·2 1,798 72·7 235·6 Rua.&L TOTAL 7,412 5,844 78·8 10,684 40·3 UH GRAND TOTAL 8,175 6,334 77-li ·12,482 49-3 152·7

D111'LIOA'f• SmtvBY --- Uni11111 l>istriot N..m-P. 8. Na6ra- I Bablari 136 64 47-1 176 63·6 129·4 dtiJip I Swarupganj 206 57 2'l-7 319 82-1 1M·9 . 194 66 34·0 308 I Maya pur 78·6.. 158·8.,· ToTAL 536 187 . 34·9 803 76·7 149•8·

Table% Deaths 'by unions, thanas and towns: comparison between the 1948 surve~ figur~$: ·. and those recorded in the ori~inai: official regi$teTs ~- ··• -'-: ,~-c' ~': ; ,.. :_.:· ·

Total Perceo\ Peroent Death• occurred of Percent Di•trict a.nd Police Deathll of OmlSSlOD of Unions regd. Deathll in1948 Station verified verified over detection 1948 over ... detected total. over reg d. during detection reg d. survey

District Burdw&n- I K&Sigram 320 302 94·4 430 29·8 134·4 P.S.KaJWG 2 Khajurdihi 183 161 98·0 211 23·7 115·3 a Srik.h&nda 188 159 84·6 264 39·8 140·4 4 Alampur 184 151 82-l 227 33·5 . 123·4 .. 5 Oidhgnua .. 275 253 92·0 404 37-4 146·9. I 8 Karui • 141 132 93·6 210 37-1 148·9:: 7 Karajgra~ 190 161 84·7 245 34·3 128·9 8 Sribati 247 231 93·5 303 23·8 122·7 II Singhi • • 201 183 91·0 235 22-1 116·8: r 10 Agradwip • 181 155 85·6 211 26·5 116-6.-- 11 Jag&dan&ndapur 148 139 . 93·9 220 36·8 148·6

'fOTAL 2,258 2,027 89·8 2,960 31-6 13H

District &nkura- 1 \lanikbuu . 89 79 88·7 102 22·5 114·6 P. 8. SOIIGIIIvkA\ 2 H&mir!lati 111 99 89·2 117 15.. 105·4 I Pearber& 86 84 97·7 147 42·9 17()-9 Dbulai . 157 1M 98·1 200 :,,.o UH 6' Kochdihi . 112 100 89·3 157 38·3 140·2 8 Nabuoa 125 124 99·3 166 2f.i·3 132·8 7 Dihipu.. 123 102 82·9 Ul 22-1 10tH5 8 Dbaesiml& 81 72 88·9 ll9 liH . 10~·8 II Paneb&l 82 73 89-() 111 34-% ·' 135-& 10 Ra.dh&moh&Dpur 143 124 86-7 166 25-3 UG-1 Tcnu. • 1.109 1.011 91·2 1,388 27-1 12H Table Z-concld. Deatlu by vnimu, thana.s and towm : comparison between the 1948 suroey figures and tho$e recorded in the original official Tegisten

Total dNLha Pei"Ceel\ Pert"en' of Pel't'f'D\ DNtha occurftd of DiaUic& ucl PoUoe Deatha or omillaion reg d. in 1948 de~tion &a&;oa ' verified verified over 11148 over .. over l"l'gd. detected reg d. during detecuon~· auney

1 Ghoraraah • 181 156 86·2 222 29-7 122·7 2 Dhanyalr.uria • 239 202 84·5 370 ")·4 154·8 3 Chait.& • 207 169 81·6 305 44·6 147·3 4 Champapulr.ur 249 197 79-1 298 33·9 120·0 6 &ngrampur 80 57 71·3 152 62·5 190·0 e Sankchura 168 121 72·0 232 47·8 138-l 7 ltinda • 203 us 72·9 329 55·0 162-1 8 Pifa 205 175 85·4 334 47·6 162·9 TOTAL. 1,532 1,225 80·0 2,242 45·4 J.l6·3

Diatrio& N&cn.-P. ll. NalJG.. 1 Bablari • 76 24 31-6 108 77·8 142-1 """' 2 Swarupganj • 183 31 16·9 251 87-6 137-2 3 llayapur 160 68 42·5 223 69·5 139-4

419 123 29-4 582 78·9 139·0

Dlatno& Halda-P. 8. Ertgl-.A 1 Milki 202 150 74·3 235 36·2 1!6·3 &wlr 2 Kazigram 122 87 71·3 115 24·3 94-3 3 Jodupur 112 60 53-6 141 57·4 125·9 4 Amriti . 140 95 67·9 157 39;5 112-1 6 Narhat.a .' 86 46 53·5 66 30·3 76·7 6 Mahadipur 68 40 58·8 130 69·2 191-2 7 Kotwali ' .. 74 37 50·0 TO 47-1 94·6 ToTAL 804 515 64-1 914 43·7 113-7

T- Diatrlo& Bardwu . Katwa 243 184 75·7 300 38·7 123·5 Dialrirl 2'-Parpnaa . . Joynagar-Mazilpur 94 83 88·3 196 57-7 208·5 Baliaahar • 102 43 42·2 314 86·3 307·8 Diatrid Dwjeellng . Kuraeong 256 82 32·2 324 74-7 127-1 U&IIAB TOTAL • 694 392 56·5 1,134 65·4 163·4 R'O'BALTOTAL 6,122 4,901 80·1 8,084 39·4 132·0 GRAND TOTAL 6,8HI 6,293 ' 77-7 9,218 42·8 136·2

DITPI.JCA,.I tlu.n T u- ~ Nacl»-P. B. N._ 1 Bablari • '16 24 31·1 124 80·6 163·2 , .., ! SwarupguJ 183 36 19-1 266 86-8 I.U·8 a lb7&pur 108 47 43·6 163 71-2 !»t TOTAl. 367 lOCI 28·9 552 80-8 160-4 Table 3

Table showing the number of events as per the 1948 Survey, Registers and returns with their n -M :.-. respective percentages over the total detection during 1948 !II ~ "' Ul BIRTHS DEATHS STILL Bm·rns

Percent Original Percent District Percent Original Percent District Percent Percent 'Distriot to total vital to total Survey to total vital Original to total vital to total Police Station or Town 8 urvey Register Register to total Survey Register detection return detection detection return detection detection return detection

1 Katwa P. B. 3,039 2,188 72·0 1,881 61·9 2,960 2,258 76·3 1,695 l57·3 83 44 53·0 47 56·6

2 Sonawukhi P. S. 1,479 1,130 76·4 1,132 76·5 1,3!!6 . 1,109 80·0 1,111 ~80·2 152 40 26·S 21 13·8

3 Ii!>sirhl>t P, 8, • 3,416 1,942 66·9 1,935 56·6 2,242 1,532 68·3 1,532 68·3 96 54 66·3 55 57"3

4 Jllabadwip P, S, 824 538 • 65·3 507 61-5 582 419 72·0 418 7lo8 2 ..• 0) ~

I> EngliHb Bazar P. S, • L,1,926 1,614 83·8 1,615 83·9 914 804 88·0 842 92-1 54 40 7-H 45 83-3

' 6 Katwa Town • • 292 70 24·0 66 22·6 300 243 81·0 245 81·7 l

'1 Joynagar-Mazilpur Town 442 270 61-1 249 56·3 196 94 48·0 93 47-4 13

8 Halisahar Town 522 186 35·6 171 32·8 314 102 32·5 96 30·6 13

9 Kureeong Town 542 237 43•7 217 40·0 324 255 78·7 264 81·5 14 27 192·9 28 200·0

URBAN TOTAL 1,798 763 42-4 703 89·1 1,134 694 61·2 698 61·6 40 27 67-IS 29 72·6

Rt71\lL TOTAL 10,684 7,412 69·4· 7,070 66·2 8,084 6,122 75·7 5,598 69·2 387 178 46·0 168 43-4

• GRAND TOTAL • 12,482 8,175 65•5 7,773 62·3 9,218 6,816 73·9 6,296 68·3 427 205 48·0 197 46·1 62

Table I Eltimatu of total Birth$, Deaths, Infant mortality and Deaths from Cholera artd Malaria for 1948

rJgiU'N ~ £or rolKle :Weao ratio of Provincial 6gurM for 1\i 18 tit&tioo, l'oioD .. peT &otal nam her u eD1lliiE'rated a& Standard ~rror the Burn'Y &o of t.h~ ml'S 1)-11!16 4·53.364 7-3.±;()-;>.6 l""'tu • 6.~96 9,~18 1·44>11 0·27.)6 3·~j2j0 5·6±hl6 Inlao& mori&lity • 1,038 2,ut.,. 1·9306 0·2::!\ll O·t\Hl\10 1-:!±0ol4 Death from Cholera 246 476 l·!l3.>1t I)-JH4.i 0·137\la 0·3±1)-111 Dea~b from Ka1aria 1,,10 1,663 1-17~ l)o4S4!1 0·76S76 0·9±0·37

APPENDIX C

BENGAL Ac:r IV OF 1873 (THE BENGAL BIRTHS AND DEAmS REGISTRATION ACT, 1873') As modified up to the 1st March 1932 (2nd Jul11, 1873.) AN ACT FOR REGISTERING BIRTHS AND DEATIIS

Whereas it Is expedient to provide the means for a For power to make rules ItS to the re~stration of ...___ hi complete register of births and births and deaths in Cantonments, see the Cpntonments 1 "" • ., .. m e deaths. Act, 1924 (II of 192-1), s. 28:.! (I).

'SHORT TITLE-This short tiUe was given by the As to the voluntary registration of births and deaths, Amendlnc Act, 1903 (I of 1903), Sch. I, "Printed in the see the Births. Deaths and l\Iarriages Registration Act, Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol I, p. 738. 1886 (VI of 1886), in Vol. II of the General Acts, 1873- 86, 5th edition, p. 483. LocAL Ent.:NT-Since this Act contains no local extent clause, it must be taken to have been intended As to the transmission to the Registrar-General of to extend to the whole of the former :<'rovince of Bengal ; Births and Deaths in England of registers of, or docu but it appUes only to areas s-pecially notified under s. 1. ments showing, births and deaths of officers and soldiers The application of the Act is barred in the Chittagong and their families abroad, see the Registration of Births, Hill-tracts by the Chittagong Hill-tracts Regulation, 1900 Deaths and Marriages (Army) Act, 1879 (42 and 43 Viet., (I of 1900), s. 4 (2), printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. c. 8), in the Collection of Statutes relating to India, Vol. 1913-1915, Vol I, p. 790. I, Ed. l!ll:i, p. 530. - OTHER E."fACTMENTs-As to the registration of births As to the duties of Registrars of Births in connection and deaths, under the present Act, in Provincial Munici with the vaccination of children. see the Bengal Vaccina palities, •~~ the Bengal Municipal Act, 188-1 (Ben. Act III tion Act, 1880 (Ben. Act V of 1880), ss. 18 to 24, printed of 1884), Pt. XI, printed ln the Be11.1tal Code, Ed. 1913- in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. II. pp. 475 and 11115, Vol II, p. 845. 476. I As to the registration of births and deaths in the Calcutta Munlclpallty, 1ee the Calcutta Municipal Act, (Sections 1-4) 1923 (Ben. Act III of 1923), Ch. XXXI, printed in the It is hereby enacted as follows :- supplement to the fourth edition of the Be!U!:al Code, p. 633. 1. The Lieutenant-Governor' may at any time, by a As to the registration of births and deaths under the notification' published in Calcutta Gazette, direct Bengal Local Sell-Government Act of 1885 (Ben. Act III that all births and deaths, or all of 1885), 1ee s. 114 of that Act, printed in the Bengal Power to dirl't't re- births or all deaths, occurrin& Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. II, p. 953. gistratioo of births within the limits of any area and deaths and after a certain date to be named As to reports by village chaukidaTs of births and define area in such notification shall be deaths, ue the Village Chaukidari Act, 1870 (Ben. Act registered, and for that purpose may define the limits VI of 1870), s. 39, cl. 7th, printed in the Bengal Code, of such area. Ed.. 11113-11115, Vol. n, p. 183. As to registration of births and deaths under the 'Now the Governor in Council of Fort Wllllam ln Bengal Village Sell-Government Act, 1919 (Ben. Act V Bengal-•ee the Bengal, Bih<~r and Oris5a and Assam of 1!119), 1ee a. 26 (3) of that Act, printed in the supple Laws Act. 1912 (VII of 1912). s. 3, and Sch. D. itf>m1 1 rrwnt to the fourth edition of the Bengal Code, p. 135. and 2. printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915. Vol. I. As to l't'pOrts by chaukidan of birth5 and deaths, ue p. 776. the Ben~al \'ill~e Self-Government Act, 11119 (Ben. Act V of 1919), a. 23 (1) (t·ii), printed in the supplement to • For such notifications, 1ee the Bengal Local Statu wry the fourth edition of the Berlial Code, p. 133. Rules and Orders, 192-1, Vol. I, part VI. 63

From and after such date this Act shall apply to the He shall obtain in writing, if possible, and if it is impossible for him to obtain in writini he shall obtain whole of the area so defined. verbally, from any person who is bound to give informa 2. The Magistrate of the district' may, f~r the purpose tion of the birth or death all particulars which are of such registration, divide any sue~ a:ea mto such and required to be known and registered and he shall report so many d1stncts as he may such particulars to the registrar. 1\1 agist rate may think fit and may appoint one divide area into or more' persons to be registrars districts and. may of births or of deaths, or of births Any chaukidar or other village-watchman or other appoint regiStrars and deaths within such district, person so appointed who wilfully or negligently refuses or omits to produce such writing, and may at any time for sufficie~t reason ~ismiss any Penalty for neglect if any, or to report such birth such registrar and may fill up any vacancy m the office of registrar. or death, shall be punishable at the discretion of the Magistrate with fine which may extend to two rupees. The Magistrate shall cause to be ];1ublished ~ list containing the name and place of office of ever:r r~g1strar 7. The father or mother of every child born within 1\1 a g 1 5 t r a t e to in the area, and spec~fymg ~he such area, or in case of the death, illness, absence or ublish list of regis- hours of_ the day durmg wh1c.h frars such reg1strar shall attend at h1s inability of the father and Persons bound to mother, the midwife assisting at ollke for the purpose of registration. give information of birtb the birth of such child, shall, 3. Ev~ry registrar shall have an ~ffice within the within eight days next after the district of which he is appointed reg1s~rar, and ~~all day of every such birth, give information, either cause his name, w1th the add1bon personally or in writing, to the registrar of the district, Every registrar to of registrar of births (or of or by means of the chaukidar or other village-watchman, have an office with- deaths, or of births and deaths or other person as provided in the last preceding section, in his district according to his appointment) according to the best of his or her knowledge and belief, !_or the district for which he is so appointed, and notice of the several particulars hereby required to be known of the hours during which he will attend for the purpose and registered touching the birth of such child. 0 r_ registration, to be affixed i~ some conspicuous place on or near the outer door of h1s office. Any person who refuses or neglects to give any 4. The Magistrate shall cause to be ~repared. a information, which it is his duty to give under tbii sufficient number of register-books for makmg entnes section, shall be punishable ·at of all births or deaths ot both, Penalty for neglect the discretion of the Magistrate Magistrate to have according to such forms as the with fine which may extend to five rupees: register-books pre- Lieutenant-Governor• may from pared and number- time to time sanction ; and the ed pages of such books shall be Provided that not more than one person shall be numbered progressively from the beginning to the end; punishable at the discretion of the Maiistrate for such and every place of entry shall be also numbered pro refusal or neglect to give information. gressively from the beginning to the end of the bo?k, and every entry shall be divided from the followmg entry by a line.

(Sections 5-7) (Sections 8-10) 5. Every registrar shall inform himself carefu~y of 8. The nearest male relative of the deceased present every birth, or of every death, o_r of both, ac~ordmg to . . his appomtment, wh1ch shall at the death, or in attendance during the last illness R_epstrar to mform happen in his district, and shall of any person dying, within such Persons bound to area, or in the absence of any hu~~lf !If, a:d register, as soon as conveniently give information of register, buths a d may be after the event without such relative, the occupier of the deaths ' . death fee or reward, the particulars house, or, if the occupier be the required to be registered, according to the forms person who shall have died, some male inmate of the mentioned in the last preceding section, touching every house in which such death shall have happened, shall such birth or every such death, as the case may be, within eight days next after the day of such death, give which shall not have been already registered. information either personally or in writing to the registrar of the district', or by means of the chaukidar 6. Every chaukidar or other village-watchman in any or other village-watchman or other person as provided area tJ which this Act shall apply, or, where there is no in section 6, according to the best of his knowledge chaukidar or other village-watch and belief, of the several particulars hereby required Chaukidar to obtain man, such person as the Magis to be known and registered touching the death of such particulars and to person: report to registrar trate may appoint, shall be re quired to report every birth or death occurring within his beat to such registrar and Provided· that no person shall be bound to give the at such periods as the Magistrate may direct. name of any female relative.

• Now District Magistrate-see the Code of Criminal 1 Procedure, 18!18 (Act V of 1893), s. 3 {2). Or any sub-registrar appointed for a burning-ghat or burial ground-see the Bengal Municipal Act, 1884 {Ben. ' Now the Governor in Council of Fort William in Act III of 1884), s. 348, printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. Bengal-see the Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and Assam 1913-1915, Vol. II, p. 845. Lav.•s Act, 1912 (VII of 1912), s. 3, and Sch. D, items 1 and 2, printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. I, As to duty of Medical Officer-in-Charge of Hospital to p. 746. give notice of death, ·see ibid., s. 349, printed ibid., p. 845. 9A ~ person who refuses or nedects to .ltive &Ill' \Sections J J, 12) information which it is his duty to give under this 11. In any place to which the District Municipal section., shall be punishable at the Improvement Act' shall ha\·e been extended, the Peaalty for aelkcl discretion of the .Magistrate with Bn. Act m of Municipal Commissioners may, fine which may extend to five rupees ; 186.& if at a meeting specially con- 1\lunidpality under vened for considering such BeD. Act ill of 188-1 question they shall so determine, Provided that not more than one person shall be may arraan for arrange for keeping a register punishable for such refusal or neglect to .nve informa keeping registe-r of of all births or of all deaths or tion. births or deaths or of all births and deaths, occur- both ring within the municipality. On and after a date to be fixed at such meeting, the 11. Any registrar' who refuses or neglects to register Commissioners shall in such case be authorized to pro any birth or death occurrina within his district, which vide out of the municipal fund for the employment of a Peaalty for rertstrar he is bound ~o register, within sufficient number of registrars, and for the expenditure refw.iDC &o ~r a reasonable bme after he shall necessary for the maintenance of such registers, and have been duly informed thereof, shall exercise all the powers of a Magistrate under this or demands or accepts any fee or reward or other Act ; and all the provisions of this Act shall be deemed gratification aa a consideration for making such registry, to apply to such place. shall be punishable at the discretion of the Magistrate with ftne which may extend to fifty rupees for each 12. The Magistrate of a district' may depute any such refusal or neglect. subordinate .Magistrate to exercise the powers and to perform the duties vested in the Magistrate maY. de- Magistrate by this Act within pute subordinate . . • 10. Whoever wilfully makes or causes to be made, 1\lagistrate to dis- such d1stnct or any part thereof. for the purpose of being inserted in any register of charge his functions PeD&ItJ for wWuliJ births or d~aths, any false stat~ driD&' false lDfor- ment touchmg any of the parti ' Ben. Act III of 1864 was repealed by Ben. Act V of maUoa culars required to be known and 1876, which again has been repealed and re-enacted by registered, shall be punishable the Bengal Municipal Act, 1884 (Ben. Act III of 1884), at the discretion of the Magistrate with a fine not exceed and this reference should now be taken to be made to ing fifty rupees. the latter Act-see s. 2 thereof, printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. II, p. 710. 1 Or any sub-registrar appointed for a burning ghat • Now District Magistrate-see the Code of Criminal or a buri~ ground-see ibid., s. 348, printed ibid., p. 845. Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898), s. 3 (2).

APPENDIX I

Milestones In the development of vital statistics in India and outside

1836 England Promulgation of Births, Marriages and Deatha Registration Act. 1875 En(llan.d • Compulsory registration of live births, deaths and marriagea. 1927 Englaud • Compulsory registration of still births. IVOO United Statee • Compulsory registration of live births, still birth•, deatha aud marriages. 1816 • United State. • First year of separately published official birth atati11tica for Birth Regi8tration area of United States. 1880 India • ·Births, Deaths and Marriage Registration Act: voluntary and for marriages not in effect for Hindu or .Muslim eommunitiea.. 1873 • Bengal Birtha and Deatha Registration Act. l811i .llladru , Births and Deaths Registration Act. 11132 • Coorg • Births and Deatha Rt>gistration Act. Ill~ • Aaeam • Birtha and Deatha Registration Act.

APPENDIX D

A raleader of rectstration of vital eveDts from 1870 In Bengal

1870 DNtu by _.s, by mootha, by can-, oam.. ly cholera, amall-pos, fever, bowel complaint., iniunee, namdy auicide, wounda and accidl'nta, anake bite. or killed by wild aoimal.s, all other catuee. Total death• irom all ~aUJM·•· DNtha by age. namely bom deoad, not esceeding l year, 1 year to 6 yeant, 6 yean to 12 yeant, 12 yean to 20 .YMRooo,...... 20 yean to 30 ye&rM, 30 yean to~ yean,~ yean to 50 yean, 50 yea111 to 60 yean, and exceedins lk.tu by eommunitiee, namelv Hindu~, l.lu,.limA, ChristianA and other claMee. llirtha by oommunitiN, namely ilindUA, Muslims, Chrilltiana, HuddhU.ta and all other c'-•· llN.tu by oommunitiN aa tha& of 1872, only Buddhh!t. have bee-n inserted. , Birtht by tes. D.lhl bJaae aooordinc to infanta (children unable to walk), boye and girla, adulta, old people, total. 65

APPENDIX ll-contd.

1~75 :}xo change. ' 1~71\ 1!177 , Deaths from suicide according to sex. 1878 1879 1880 }oohw,.. · 1881 1882 • Deaths by age according to 0-1 year, 1-5 years, 5-1~ year!!, 10-15 years, 15-20 years, 20-30 years, 30-40 years, 40-50 years, 50-60 years and exceeding 60 years. 1883 IsM 1!!85 1t;H6 No change. Iss7 18ss 1889 18!10 1891- Deaths from dysentery and diarrhoea by months. 18!12 1893 18!J4 1895 1896 No change. 18!17 18!l8 189!1 1900 Deaths-Registration of attacks and deaths from plague during eaoh month. 1!101. Deaths-Registration of deaths from plague. 1902 , Deaths-from respiratory diseases. 1!103 : }No change. 1904 1905 , Deaths-respiratory diseases by months. 1906 , Deaths-from plague by months. 1907 1908 1!109 1910 }oohM~. 1911 1912 1913 , Deaths from rabies. 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 }··~· 19:!0 1921 • Monthly malaria reports of Hospitals and Dispensaries. 1922 Deaths under one year as under heading under 1 month, between 1-6 months, 6--12 months, total, and 1-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-15 years, 15-20 years, 20-30 years, 30--40 years, 40-50 years, 50-60 years, 60 upwards · and deaths from causes-malaria, enteric fever, measles, relapsing fever, kala-azar, other . fevers, dysentery and diarrhoea (shown separately), inftuenza, pneumonia, phthisis, other respiratory diseases and death from child birth. 19:!3 19:!-l :}No change. · 19:!5 , Monthly Kala.-azar reports of Hospitals and Dispensaries. 19:!6 19:!7 19:!8 }••h..go. . 19:!9 1930 • Quarterly statements showing the working of the Bengal Births and Deaths Registration Act, separately for the MunicipalititJS and the rural areas. 1931 Deaths under one month as under heading mal&-nnder one week, over one week, total and ~nnder one week, over one week, total and total nnder one month. 1932 No change. . 1!133 Registration of births according to chief communities. 193-l Deaths of infants under one year by communities. 193.) Still births registered according to communities and sex. l!l36 Deaths from cerebrospinal fever, typhus fever, black water fever, whooping cough, beriberi, acute poliomve- litis, diphtheria, chicken pox, mumps, T. B. of joints, other tubercular diseases, leprosy and cancer. • 1937 .) I 1\l38 • }No change. 1939 ·J 19-W Deaths from snake bites and killed by wild animals (shown separately), anthrax, epidemic dropsy, T. B. of meningee · and homicide. JNJ 1842 1843 ·~ 184.5 •J JNO • 1>-tlul ander one mooth aa under beading male-within 24 bourw. oae da7 w ooe w.k, ooe w.k w ooe IDOilth • \o&al, female-within U boun, one da7 w one wvek, one w.k w one moot.h. total aDd total of llllder one month, bet,_ 1 and 3 months. between 3 montlul w 0 mouths. bet- I .._tlul w l:J moatlul and under 1 ,...,. 1847 1848 1849 • So change.

1161 • APPENDIX m

List ol Notifiable Diseases

J-1• c..zc.u. ... c1 o-A D-1• otla~ M ""H:ipaliliu 1 Cholura 1 Anthrax 2 Chicken pos t Small-pos 3 Dysentery, both Baci11arJ and .Amoebio IKNalee 4 Measles 4 Yellow fever 5 Relapeiog fever 6 Whooping oougb 6 Tuberoulosia of rJl forma 7 Typhus fever '

7 Pneumonia 8 Whooping cough

8 Enteric fever 9 Yellow fever

9 Flague 10 IoJiuenul pneumonia llLeprosy 10 Cerebroapinallleningitia . 12 Epidemic drope7 11 Diphtheria 13 Diphtheria U Leproe7

13 Tuberculom (rJl for11111) Ill-1• Barul Arta

U Anthrax 1 Cholera 2 Small-pos 15 DJwente'7 (Amoebi~ and BaciUary) a JoBIHllllla 10 RelapGDI fever ' Typhoid Mer 17 1)-phua fever 6 TJPhiM !eYer 18 Epidrmle Dropo7 0 RelapAog fever It Elrpt:aoU.. 7 IMIIbr'OIIpioal JDelliol(iW 8 lleri Beri

'PlN1» 67

APPENDIX IV Births and Deaths since 1870 in Districts of West Bengal Burdwan Blrbbum Banknra Mldnapnr ,...._...._._.,Hoogbly Howmb 2&-Parganae y- ,...-."--...... --...... --...... --...... --...... -"---\ B D B D B D B D .B D B D b D 1870 11,726 ' 2.032 2,298 3,174 ,,325 612 0,320 1871 1872 29,864 14,94i 2,793 11,881 6,666 3,si2 17,171 1873 333 26,963 192 13,274 638 4,077 21,210 1,642 6,841 6,067 674 111,726 1874 786 1,923 209 3,:l61 583 1,168 6.531 6,294 2,341 2,984 2,327 4,934 1,407 1,618 1875 1,418 2,6119 194 2,047 772 1,006 3,478 3,342 2,629 3,171 2,606 6,652 1,21!8 1,724 1876 1,729 3,033 203 6,320 914 1,256 4,226 2,707 4,042 6,390 2,018 3,781 979 1,6117 1877 2,165 26,317 U,216 17,937 8,953 7,089 4,6111 44,163 6,112 8,272 11,148 13,853 37,732 87,412 1878 1,139 39,360 148 17,253 1,070 12,629 1176 44,290 862 9,337 1,620 13,613 6,402 66,478 111711 1,026 36,826 143 11,816 947 9,452 886 30,020 665 6,764 1,098 7,46& 4,623 26,466 1880 632 29,327 17,971 1,242 14,694 715 39,611 756 11,874 1,979 10,21!5 4,406 41,418 1~81 739 41,010 26,657 1,101 27,284 625 66,871 858 15,686 2,079 11,652 6,102 88,667 18M2 940 49,297 27,285 1,037 33,659 405 62,019 871 16,378 1,863 9,689 6,470 33,620 1H83 966 89,092 20,634 1,150 21,121 618 61,846 802 14,206 1,951 12,146 6,669 32,408 18M4 882 33,198 20,668 1,220 19,033 716 60,773 1,022 13,486 2,789 12,357 6,418 31,713 1HH6 936 35,626 2,248 1,100 18,943 611 51,324 963 16,3ijl 2,470 13,692 6,429 31,703 l8H6 763 27,126 16,256 894 17,616 517 53,114 1,679 13,994 2,191 11,870 6,017 40,630 1HM7 1,141 • 27,046 21,168 816 16,624 1,452 65,424 1,925 13,384 2,022 12,682 8,338 46,634 1MM8 1,458 29,627 106 21,067 870 19,498 1,603 69,209 2,21!5 15,464 2,162 14,867 8,803 48,197 1HH9 1,643 83,918 129 21,738 941 21,711 1,886 68,299 301 16,623 2,418 15,107 6,035 82,&78 1H90 1,367 28,251 117 19,474 1,106 18,601 2,0lfj 61,!132 2,619 16,695 2,221 16,064 4,810 36,1100 1891 1,891 86,826 122 24,512 1,263 20,678 2,138 7,458 1,272 19,593 2,351 18,500 6,170 46,786 1~92 84,977 46,443 22,204 26,297 25,882 23,727 66,8H 81,207 23,014 35,566 20,250 3,307 39,242 10,186 1~93 48,430 86,196 82,409 23,172 84,966 20,943 87,105 66,616 38,638 33,&88 24,773 18,488 64,708 41,101 1894 40,980 48,119 25,925 28.686 84,869 33,067 77,487 7:!,066 29,008 36,728 24,146 20,991 48,908 45,050 18P6 41,688 48,002 28,888 26,448 84,837 30,771 93,6P4 73,677 28,183 40,003 25,013 25,379 48,693 66,082 1896 43,313 47,952 29,630 26,120 41,698 82,557 88,773 80,637 27,794 40,159 24,973 25,081 48,ll63 66,81!:! 1~97 46,111 41,669 82,062 23,738 38,431 28,546 94,762 74,649 31,885 83,999 27,970 22,391 59,607 46,212 1898 45,822 29,866 81,983 17,157 88,101 20,104 91,108 64,040 27,799 29,396 25,975 22,156 62,938 42,136 1899 62,454 86,168 85,064 20,626 44,063 22,480 105,236 66,188 81,214 81,006 27,720 25,386 60,633 61,730 1900 47,271 45,292 82,387 22,365 40,664 26,493 95,574 76,314 29,611 33,569 27,528 28,802 60,626 66,127 Cenona population 1901 1,628,290 906,891 1,116,411 2,789,114 1,049,041 850,614 2,156,981 1901 48,451 45,810 34,401 23,089 40,299 30,203 89,620 92,728 29,736 87,287 26,287 26,942 57,676 . 48,194 l\ltl2 61,123 52,653 84,367 24,117 87,222 37,061 86,033 115,106 81,669 42,668 26,882 29,996 66,144 62,480 1903 48,401 60,186 83,722 24,882 37,169 35,687 9!!,543 86,759 80,311 89,465 25,970 28,942 66,901 64,799 1904 67,671 ",806 86,768 26,156 43,269 27,883 102,860 71,948 86,662 34,688 81,253 26,186 69,657 6!1,628 1906 ' . 60,382 64,629 80,918 29,876 40,488 84,364 93,056 93,839 83,796 37,621 29,084 28,288 68,647 60,477 1!106 45,384 63,699 27,711 36,040 89,735 84,010 87,844 100,698 30,363 84,138 26,280 26,19!1 64,111 69,214 1!107 60,953 64,901 60,953 64,901 41,550 88,331 91,789 99,272 34,274 42,729 28,862 29,309 63,952 66,974 1908 40,326 68,892 26,956 44,117 83,872 42,676 91,204 !<5,911 31,787 37,679 28,216 24,932 71,580 69,94& 1909 48,872 39,763 81,866 25.897 88,463 30,317 97,799 62,836 86,232 30,329 28,203 22,033 79,988 49,148 1910 62,894 40,951' 36,052 24,879 48,629 31,987 97,522 67,211 35,986 29,765 28,890 20,153 74,4!19 61,630 C•nona population 1911 1,588,874 040,162 1,138,670 2,821,201 1,090,097 943,502 2,478,336 1!111 49,484 41,890 34,687 27,499 43,607 32,122 95,202 72,109 86,818 33,661 80,320 22,488 80,616 60,424 1!112 46,672 48,894 82,109 32.288 40,734 33,801 89,815 94,875 34,446 38,333 81,189 26,598 76,645 72,857 1913 46,075 83,419 30.819 40,064 40,389 81,877 88,631 29,930 37,824 28,318 28,368 67,677 64,386 1916 46,796 ?S:~g~ 82,379 43,702 88,681 46,062 90,417 77,289 30,497 34,739 28,913 27,076 73,340 62,208 11116 38,933 63,728 22,598 41.649 83,451 38,196 88,125 88,003 31,387 35,601 28,400 26,917 66,698 71,688 l\l16 49,672 49,616 31,276 30,703 86,012 36,777 83,8tl9 82,657 33,640 34,018 31,012 22,610 67,443 64,192 1917 68,886 46,935 85,405 24,668 84,617 81,144 85,662 78,969 35,945 33,704 29,846 24,344 1\118 73,129 61,184 44,686 79,689 82,888 46,418 87,219 66,9M1 78,206 107,385 27,995 51,459 27,242 30,3611 69,509 73,219 11>19 82,667 77,676 22,174 58,252 28,482 41,588 68,410 113,260 23,464 39,361 25,432 33,086 1U20 57,667 83,436 39,676 66,642 25,836 40,876 84,386 88,428 76,531 97,895 29,966 38,759 28,065 34,011 59,718 85,147 <'81 42,5911 85,258 85,699 27.827 78.016 1\1:<2 81,468 25,484 62,958 27,835 22,804 28,208 20,325 73,761 48,582 39.810 34,511 81,4~2 27,146 28,182 21,406 72,045 68,734 27,314 2:l.8&6 27,270 19,5a7 1~:'\:\ 68,819 48,217 46,649 89,108 38,181 29,752 84,102 27,440 81,727 61,497 31,721 26,000 29,420 21,2~4 lll:l4 40,187 89,216 71,532 45,397 30,670 31,496 84,433 30,005 78.173 62,202 30,169 25,345 29,61!0 21,777 77,640 62,522 1\l:la 43.928 81,522 35,536 24.549 36,708 26,H9 91,998 )';t\6 62,167 38,030 24,506 32,821 22,515 87,320 36,81>0 46,838 27,210 87,519 23.113 42,295 23,715 87,844 63,3:Jl 37,841 20,!:.62 3:J,155 25,356 79,719 11l:l7 44.411 29,260 25,621 63,429 24.713 41,019 27,210 84.813 61,274 38,550 25,458 32,8al 21,124 79,621 -~ ...11 1~:\8 46.847 43.f>88 84,091 28.628 39,774 28,612 H,463 66,290 31,983 30,769 28,036 24,127 1~:{9 .5,059 71,967 69,3.211 45,778 30.~94 !!9.217 3!<,598 28.634 89,1l85 61.052 30,221 24,319 81,343 21,097 86,314 1~40 52,208 86,769 34,761 47,11111 22,246 38,642 24,800 ' 90,6ti7 61,!158 37,436 20,680 31,159 18,198 90,785 48,933 (';,- popalatJoD 11141 1,890,782 1,048,317 1,289,640 8,190,1147 l,S77;72G 1,490,304 8,6611,490 1941 60.1;0! Sfl,518 86.014 1'#4:! 23.178 86,930 27,042 ~2.120 54,342 36,460 22,216 29,404 20,6!.!1 88,790 67,903 f>2,S46 84.301 37.098 22 t'.W 38.816 25.881 71,7'6 60,635 3'),324 21,159 23,628 17,027 194:1 4!.S'28 47,467 83,221 80,868 .9,170 40,489 88,~08 40,170 74.819 12!,7a9 32,840 27,493 25,51!0 34,674 63,335 90,831 11144 36.357 48.fiM 21,1\91 41,200 !!4,160 65,792 1114~ 31.484 711,124 28.610 29.385 27,817 311.818 61,785 84,65(1 38,797 86,~411 24,626 29.947 81,163 ~5.9U 85.~49 57,661 2~.~92 23,971 26,580 28,813 11146 48.HS ss,o1tl 6:!,078 67,077 30,303 81,761 88,430 f!{ 2:14 1'0 2t15 l'a.2711 85.(1~6 22,1911 26,775 24,509 74,574 11't7 40.~Hl 115,614 48,340 )\148 ~.:!:l7 26.903 29,4';1 ~f1.54:! 71.~24 (.7,6:34 30,0311 22,904 21.547 21.313 69,133 .5,178 117.171 S..H4 26.247 2!!,997 27,480 ~4.<>:!\j 76.5~1 69,273 2t1,564 22,2

APPEYDIX IV~ncld. Births &act nnu.s sa.e 11':1 Ia Districts of West ~ocld. eur.ua ..... Dt.ajper lalpaigvt ,_ ,...... _ ,...... _•..n. ·~,...... _ ,...... _ ,...... ~,...... • D • D • D • D • D • D • D 1,12'7 I,Ut 1,171 IH w ---1,0H 1o071 1•71·~· u4i r,4ai u,o6i l.oU T~ a,llii 1•71 u4i t7t ~ ~ r87 147. 1.- a.ooi fo>~· 164 1.>4 11<18 Ul llW Ill ~ 1,11;.c) 1o7t 11.~ 1 ..d i,lM 1,04t 847.. 1.1 \lo) '" u~i ~;,· 1.Ul 1171 1,210 1"'77 1,4;';7 U,7ot U,l\10 t7,4-""t sui i S><,lloliJ 11,11!1 4,a.,_ 1.1~· "·"'"' Sl! 77t IM IO,:t:lll 10000 7;.:.1 11,... 1 1,811 MI,4:>Q 1!4.- .. 13.~ ... •• ;,~j· 8211 11,606 1••1 1,144 k.MI 17,i"7 ~.431 ll.tfll ""u I,O:.t 1/>,IM ...... 11.4110 1,1&1 7t.46t 11.'792 110l.in6 tt.":• 60 1,0«11 1 ...... IO,.UI l.HO 1o11.a1 llll.t67 :t~.<'I,S•O lfl,32l\ 171 In~.. 1•"'1 ll.fo41 11,111<6 1,161 1.6~i "'·0~8 U,14t 6,1137 :tiiS 2ll,ll114 1,761 11,11111 1.1147 18,1U l.'ft\9 ·~.l:t3 ll}:t 4:&,60\lt 111.~311 liOi 6,834 6:tl 17,4JI 1-." .. 1,t<:t6 1:!,678 1,:,27 241.4:111 :ttl:I 41,1'<1:1 tM lll,t77 It !I 41,ll-'1 2:. ..1\J~ 2t1,530 ll.1:l8 11,\J\141 8~.1H7 ..... 4 1l,UI! tt,441 6:1,1 &4 eo.Ot:l U,II<>O 4a,l!14 61,6fl8 6Y,Iffl3 lll,II~O 2->.::!tia, 41.~u;t 11.84$ 17,4116'·'"' :12,11:18 1 ..... , IO.totr. u.o:n 67.~>s 113 ...... 411,3:<3 w.a;-8 6ti.Uil :U,tJ;!l u.all 7 .Ot\U 8,3116 111,700 2 ... 1\16 1•1141 U,81>3 u,a:.l 8!i,02:1 69,4[l8 f>t.- 40,\1~11 411,111 ...... 1 lllUU 27,1:,1 7.U6 l1,4M7 14,604 ~~.7l"l 10117 u.a~4 U.etr. 71,4>00 42,11111 66,"47 ····"·3!l,AtHS 412,1140 61,1><11 U,tli\4 23.1611 7,2Y7 11,4U 8l!,628 27,411:1 1M\14 11.6311 !IJ,IU M,lltt 10.3114 64,a:JI !10.1124 82,b6i 6:1,406 24,3118 22,743 7,4;;G 8,"" 33,1!76 1;,,1127 1MII9 11.111•4 u.~u ?8.7"1 60,t8 63,Si•l 14.11!>3 211,103 ti,OlS 11,7117 110014 l!l,l!:.o 17,323 72.11014 41".870 68,2:141 61.763 117,7~2 113.678 27,1100 27,443 11.o:.11 ll.~:.:il ....., 16,4137 U,l"1 41i,111t 77.~18 68,448 641,1611 70,1711 ~~.81141 l!II,OUII lld,U87 8.11~1 11,1:13 u,oue as,7P' ...... 16.0"1 111.~118 62.61}0 116,1';8 60,211'> 411,2112 11,047 1o,o;a 11'117 111.224 81,1141 414,0~& 76.1137 62.3::3 67,111<4 7,467 11,11&6 ...... 17,041 17,8t'll 111.11118 111,71>6 61,1117 46.0.. 41 10,218 1s,1os !2,1168 l!3,7ilt 8,6141 11,111>0 t7,oee 18,7211 1111 .. 111.4~1 2~.11441 811,448 !1,877 410,11:!8 36.1121 llt,U2 1~.111111 21,6M:il 23,11111 8,6io1 11,:11111 8ll,1~7 1!!.~441 IIIlO 17,101 23,728 18,1161 16,114141 413,165 44.074 ii,UIO 111,72~ 23,414 ~~.;v• 11,311 V,f\t\lf, 80,111/ll lll,6WI c-. po,.UOS 1811 0118,011 77i,tl8e 1,846,071 6011,667 8411,281 20.;,660 8118,647 11111 19,6U U.311t 8ll,1 114 211.838 611,4'>G 47,7111 111,671 111,11311 28,464 14,814 11,151 0,1131 111,064 211,721 IIIII 111,4~41 ~~.llllll 81,611 80,0116 611,411 1i11,70ll 20,0411 1!!,6!!1 22,31<8 22,11111 11,211! 11,~110 26,6611 80,4711 IIIII . 111.~"8 211.1~!1 30,114! 30,211 67,HII 62,6>-11 111,708 111,4114 2ll,ll7 21,364 i,074 10,741 27,111141 u.v~ll 11114 17.3-t 2~.4:11 211,or.s 40.4~2 60.8111 70,2~4 111,72:1 17,3441 23,1211 21,1,74ll 17,7641 17,1~41 21,360 lU,633 8,403 10,6111 211,1441 22,744 11117 18,!o417 :21,31\0 31,1111 :t6,3tll 611,6111 47,873 10,2116 1!!,0i>6 23,641 ~H,t'65 11,3411 10,UI 80,¥ll7 2~.136 l!ll,l!a6 21,~!!11 31,1148 8,!!~3 14.110 24,0311 811,4~8 1111" 111.1841 al,S71 24,11411 43,1411 110,2411 7g,IJtiO 1!!,7114 I!U,450 26,1!1!11 7,11641 12,.61 11,418 117,31111 1"11 lll,bft6 17,1'311 21.1,7111 14,7~" 311,1114 414 ...1111 lii,UI41 ~~~.1211 2:1,441 8,0i>8 ....:0 16,176 ~~.11;0 1!1,8.>8 11,41:ll 47,81!8 61,~1> 111,200 111,11411 111,lli>:l U,tiUO 13,0~ 21,6118 ee- toPIIIaUoll1921 1,0Sl,ll117 711,700 1,224,181 41}0,434 41114,050 181,74• 11841,174 18,31}0 10,176 8,368 11.1111 14,427 10,01111 111'!1 17,301 ll0,311~ t~.!f\8 ll,Ob~ 49,r.47 49,378 111,231 10,176 U,l82 17,044 8,1110 !IJ,ll111 14,11114 Ill !".I 17.3411 24.1\101 %b,ll71 l!:ll,lfoll 41!,446 36,11741 16,318 111,0141 10.- 17,7741 U,lll41 11,6<141 11,4~1 u,... l 17,1110 111!8 1~.21t ll.>,!lst IIO,:i!t8 21,1130 6~.11711 :13,1!411 17,7'10 ~~.637 33,111)$ 11>,111!3 20,114111 20,4;)8 11,463 10,11141 10,11113 18,174 l11t6 U,l\1101 81 ... ~1 l!>,t14i ¥1,0"3 U,3P'8 17,1132 17,043 111,1114 17,761 11,6~11 11,1!!4 17,11411 !11,001 Itt!& III,Sfl 1;,111~ 1111,11"1 16,01tll 611,11111 311,070 1g,111tO I >I, lilt 17,371 tO,S:II 22,7111 41!,b1JII 43,1127 U,1!78 10,466 17,4•2 18,237 V,470 8,4611 lu,417 U,IIU7 ... 17,.. 117 l,lf,l 7,11211 23,6118 ¥11,1144 :. U,HO lll,fltu ¥3,11411 2<1,11~1 60,6\111 112,61111 111,&17 17.3110 22,~114 111!7 17,11211 2t,ll0tl 111,1127 10,3341 8,!!114 113,0141 u,on Ill!" !:l,IMII 14,1111 14,:.11& 11,11110 1'13,ll37 !17,041 111,321 !:!.fMt) ll!,\1!!1 24,3:07 U,!lft3 1>!>,1111 8(),406 14,334 14,41111 ~~.:.:44 17,7all 10,1144 1,766 I2,111Jl 111,771 111'11 17,7411 11,11117 1,1137 111,011 :U,:t46 IIIlO U,1U ll,IU lu,u& 14,4011 43,11311 40,4111 13,11411 U,ll7tt llt,at41 618,077 7311,1410 1111,4116 720,440 ~ papu.aa..un 1,140.881 7!1,11117 1,170,177 23,1>1!8 11,2118 11,764 8,986 It, lit lll,f\30 1.,1 tt,47T !IO,t.U !3.1101 U,ll!>4 61,6113 ~~.2~1 15,M9 U,Oit U.ll:tS llol,llll ll:t.410 60,11;11 3:1,121 141,617 14,13!1 2J,ll47 17,.. 71 11,461 •• 7~11 11,414t . 16,11~· 1111:1 24,7111!1 :tl.H41l 1:..176 Ill."""~7.111Cl 24,0~7 l>oi,Uit a.-4.77tl 18,11<1/t .....~i 24.1~8 I ~.HIIO 12,4M3 11,471 l.lt,1Jf'4 11111 Ill, I :Ill U,717 14,3~ ~~.as !1,1~4 4~.7~1 41,1137 t8,:.w U,041 %4,5111 110,7~1 11,1146 JO,lltlt u.~~~• 111\4 14,667 r:..ss4 14,11VS h,f\4\ll u.w• 64,111:1: lltl,tll4 u.4~1 u,uo u.~6t 111,1~!1 lll,lllll 10,3117 14,6107 au• %6,4114 ~·.1>~11 u.4~Z 10.171 te,ll11 16.~1111 , Sol,411~ 17,144 IIU,6U 17,1)004 M,4o!S 1~.1111 I!!,!< Ill lii,UI .... 18,»40 ¥.>,347 ¥1,0114 U.1~tt 10,771 111,7311 16,11<\l 11111 ttl.~~ IS,4111t ll,lr.<41 !1,3116 60,~111 s:..- U.ll~ll , .. ,t:.e a:.,a:.e U,S>'fl ":!,UII 61,4111 17 ,I :.0 16,1111 H,U4 :1!6,4114 Zli,Ufll lll,231 IU,441 lll,l:tll 14,b47 ...... 10,4>14 U,IU 17,1111 17,!Wtl 411,1:>4 U.0~7 11.7110 Jll,3lill Z6,!1fo4 ¥1,4711 u.s~• 11,1bl 13,771 ..... '"·t:-t) 11,0611 14,841 U,l!OO 11,41111 111,41211 U,tf14 11,1111 INO 1 .. ,7:141 ll,&U ll,!tlt:& l11,4n 67,4t'll 10,671 "·""' 1,140,._ 1113,484 845,701 171,100 144,111 c-...,.a.u..1141 . 1,108,111 840,!101 10,7~1 tl,D:tO !0,4311 ll,lflt 10,TIT 11,!11 11,221 IN1 ~.!90 14,1TI til.II!" lt.318 H,71\.11 11,431 14.171 !6,6114 ltl,41111 lii,IU a.I,US 111.4"11 11 ...... 113,7at 1\1,1101:1 Jl),ll71 l:l,ltiJ4 1,760 lii.~Sf ·~ 211, ...,. IU,"'"'11,11118 11,:t68 I0,%37 li,Ul .... 111,6.'>11 ~~~,... !'~.!UJ' 17,1111 16,741.... ·~.071 1&,%17 11.1116 U,1141 1 .... 7,1141 ll,btll u.~al 14,7111 !1,\131 61.f'4S. a; ,1>41 1 ...... rv.IU 611,1111 14,11:141 u.~~~<~ 18,111 17,316 .... 41,&;11 14,141 :U,IISI 411,1117 16,3~7 1-t,f,;$ !6,2117 IO,ll\l7 10,tr.lll ~~.MIS lu,C.fl !7 .:u .... , __ , 16,371 U,llll 2J,4~0 10,4>10 t,U:I6 U,IIU 111,~641 11,411 16,117 t,:,,"'-:1." 14.~~· ..47,634 411,7111 ···"'"717,1111t1 ~,.. •~.740 11,4111 11,&31 U,6:tll ll,:.:o•l •••• 11.~•4 4\,IU Zl,\114 .... ····~ S3,t-76 11,1<141 u.as ... , 4%,11'2 • Z,.,kl u.~..a !11,• ..7 l•.ld7 11,.8111 a.;w lli,J7t Ji,IM1 .. >.Sfl ...... 11,711' lll.u:lll "·""' ..... l!t<,l>llt 17,7u•t 11,374 !7,UVI •~.toll 11,6.. 1 8,2flt ll,wT 12,M4 .7.~U 4l,llfll 10,1\110 111, ..7 4&.11->oU "·"'' .... 61o,:IUI U.,1 ... 1;..... 11,.141 l!t,l>ol7 U,OIO U,ll&l6 u,a.... ll~llll 1,744 1•.0ZU lll,4.. 1- ...... 7J11,171 "·""'11&,1a 446,JeO 117,1110 ~ 1,148,.C01 1.144,1:14 \,716.76f ...... lo974 • Jr.JI.-I'IIrtlit ,._ ,._ ••*'pe.l"•...,...... ty ,,. \071, ltC&, 1"7~110111. Dlotrto-1 blrtll Ike-.,. ".:4 .,._J>i,.u r.-. U.. ..., r..-.,. .. a..a.w.r ... \M ,_1.71• .....,...... ••hof· ...... r.,._ ...... ,.• &lie,_ 1•70 ... 111·: .... "'...-..-...... 69

APPENDIX V

Good and bad repstration areas by districts of West Bengal: Birth rate-Municipalities-1941

(Per mille of population)

Distriot Below 10 p.m. Between 10 and 20 p.m. Above 20 p.m. Burdwan • Asansol • Burdwan • Kalna Katwa • • Dainhat Raniganj Birbhum • Suri

Banknra Banknra • Sonamukhi Bishnupnr

.Midnapur • Kharar. .Midnapur • Chandrakona Ghatal • • Ramjibanpur Tamluk • •• Khirpai

Hooghly • Rishra • Konnagar • Hooghly-Chinsurah Bansberia Baidyabati Arambag Uttarpara • Serampur . Kotrung Bhadreshwar Champdani Howrah • Howrah Bally

24-Parg&naa • • Tollyganj • Garden Reach • DumDum Khardah • Ba.ruipur • • • Baranagar Panihati Budge Budge Barrackpnr Rajpnr Naihati • North Dum Dum Halisahar • South Dum Dum Kanchra para • Garuta Baraaat • • North Barrackpur Gobard&nga • Taki South Suburbs Jaynagar-.Majilpur Bhatparat Kamarhati Basirhat Titagarh Baduri&

Calcutta • • Calcutta

Nadia • Ransghat • Birnaga.r • Krishnagar Cha.kda.h ~ Na.badwip Sa.ntipur

Mnrahida.bad. • • Jiag&nj.AaiJDganj • • llurah.ida bad • Berbampur 'K&Ddi • Jangipur Dhulian

Jalp&iguri Jalpaiguri

Darjeelivg Darjoelin Kur~~eon,.' Kalimpong

Maida. • • .... Engliahbuar OldK&Wa l CENSll'l 10 70

APPENDIX V-contd.

. Good aacl ba4 rellstntloa areas b7 distrieta of West BeDPI: Birtb ra&e-PoUee S&atloD-1~9

.BelowlOp.m. ~-- 10 aad 20 p.m. Abon 20 p.m• • Kahi • • Bunhraa Balaupur • • Memari Khandaghoeh • Galsi Mante.war • • Ausgram Jamuria • Kalna Katwa Ketagram Faridpur Kaaba Aaaa8ol Raaiganj Ondal Raina Jamalpur Bhat&r PurbaathaU Mangal.kot Barabani

Blrbham Sainthia • Muha!DIIladbazar Dubrajpur • Nalhati lllambaaar Bolpur Naaoor Rampur hat Mayureewar Buri Raj nagar Khayrasol Labpur Murarai

• lndaa • Baakura Taldangra Barjora • Saltora • • Raaibandh Mejhia Onda Jaypur Patrasair Gangajalghati Indpur Khatra Chhatna Simlapal Vishnupur Sonamukhi Kotulpur Raipur

• Dupur • • Khargpur • Jambaai • Panakura • Daataa • Binpur • Mohanpur • Garhbeta :rankrail· Debra • • Moyna Keahpur Ke.Wari Pingla • :Narayaagarh Ghatal Tamluk Butahata Pataapur Ramnagar Midnapur Salbaai Jhargram &bang Gopiballavpor Nayagram Chandrakona Mahlual Naadigram Cootai Bhagwanpur Jthedpo APPENDIX V-eontd.

Good and bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal : Birth rate-Police, Statio.u-19D-contd.

District Below 10 p.m. Between 10 and 20 p.m. A.bcml zo p.m.

Hooghly • M.agra • • Pandua • Chanditala Polba • • Dhaniakhali Haripal • Ba.laga.rh Khanalml Tan.kelnrar Jangipa.ra • Arambag Uttarpara • Goghat Bhadreswar • • Pursura Chinsurah • Sera.mpur Singur

Howrah • Bally • • Bagnan Domjur • Shyampur Sankrail Jagacha Jagatballavpur Panehi& IDuberia Amta Bauria

24-Parganu • • Tollyganj • DumDum Metiabruz • Amdanga Budge Budge • Rajarhat Baruipur Basirhat Sonarpur Hasnabad Bhangar • Sandesh.khali Jayuagar • Baduria Noapara • Haroa Titag&rh • Diamond Harbour Naihati Kulpi Bijpur • • Falta Habra • • Sagar Behala • • Deganga Maheshtala Bishnupur Canning Kha.rdah Jagadd&l Baraaat Gaighata Bangaon Swarupnagar Kakdwip Magrahat Mathurapur

Nadia • • Chakdah • Krishnagar .. • Chapra Nabadwip Nakasipara Tehatta Ranagh&t Santipur Kaliganj Karimpur Krishnagauj Haringhata Ha.ns\bali

Hlllllhidabad. • • Berhampur Town • • Nawada • Domkal Raniuagar • • Sagardighi Mmshidabad • • Baghunathg&nj Bhan.tpur Jalangi Kandi • • Sameerpnj

~Nabagram Ji.aga.nj Bhagwaugtda La.lgola Bunran Bllti JWdaDga lOA APPENDIX V--contd.

Goo4 aM W rqhtratioa areaa b7 district& .t Wea& Beapl: Bidb rale-Poliee Statiou-19~d.

!Mtrio' :BelowlOp.m. B4K- 10 lllld %0 p.m. Abo.... 20p.m•

Halda • • • • • .Kharba . JiarWichandrapur • . Engliahbuar Xaliaobak • . Ratua • . lllllli.kchak Gajol . . Bamangola Maida Babibpur w.-Dmajpur Kuhmandi . . Kumarganj Tapan . . Raiganj Gangarampur . Hili Balurgha' . Kaliaganj ltahar • . Bemtabad Ran•hihari Jalpaiguri • • • • MailUiguri • • • . Jalpaiguri . Rajganj Alipur DuanJ • . Mal Falakata KalchiDi Nagrakata Madarihat Matiali Kumarganj Dhupguri Darjeelina • • • • Siliguri • Klll'BeOng Pulbazar . . Phansidewa Jore-Bunglow . Sukhiapokri Kalimpong . . Rangli Rangliot Mirik Darjeeling Kharibari Garubathan Good aad bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal : Death rate-Municlpallties-19i9

Jlurdwllll • Burdwan Kalna Dainhat Katwa Raniganj AaallBOI :&irbhum • Suri Bankura • Bankura • Sonamukhi Vishnu pur MidDapur • .Kharar • Ghatal • Midnapur Tamluk • Khirpai Ramjibanpur Chandrakona • Rishra • • Banaberia • Hooghly Kotrung • Arambag Serampur Champdani • • Baidyabati Konnagar • Bhadreewar Uttarpara • Bally • Howrah • Tollyganj • • Budge Budge • Bhatpara Garden Reach • Rajpur. • Baranagar Baruipur • • • Naihati Jaynagar Majilpur • • South Suburb• DumDum • • • Titagarh North Dum Dum South Dum Dum Garulia North Barrackpur Barnckpur . Baliaahar Kanchrapara Kam.arhati Baraa' Khardah Paniha&i Buirha' ~ Radwla 73

APPENDIX V-t:ontd.

Good and bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal : Death rate-MUD.icipalities-1949-concld.

District Below 10 p.m. Between 10 and 20 p.m. Above 20 p.m. Calcutta . Calcutta Nadia . Ranaghat .. . Krishnagar . . Nabadwip Birnagar Santipur Chakdah Murshidabad • . Kandi . Murshidabad • . Berha.mpur Jiaganj Jangipur Dhulian Jalpaiguri Jalpaiguri _ Darjeeling Darjeeling Kurseong Kalimpong Maida . . Englishbazar . Old Maida

Good and bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal : Death rate-Police Stations-1949

District Below 15 p.m. Between 15 and 25 p.m. Above 25 p.m. Burdwan • Asansol • Burdwan • Ketugram Raniganj • Jamalpur • Kanksa Onda.l • Raina Jamuria Memari Barab&ni • Galsi Salanpur • Kalna Kulti • • • Manteswar Khandaghosh • Bhatar Anagram Purbasthali Katwa Mangalkot Faridpur Birbhum • Murarai. • Suri Sainthia • Rajnagar Bolpur • • Dubrajpur Nalhati • Dlambazar Rampurhat • • Labpur Muhammadbazar • • Nanoor Khayrasol Mayureswar Bankura • Salton~ • • Chhatna • Gangajalghatl Simlapal Mejhia • Ba.rjora Indas • • 'Onda • • Sonamukhl Taldangra lndpur Khatra Raipur Ranibandh Jaypur Patrasair Kotulpur Bankura Vishnupur lllidnapur • • Tamluk 1 JP!argpur Narayangarh Naudigram • • Garhbeta Keshil\ri Sutahata • Salbani. • Pingla Contai • Jhargram • Pataspur Ramnagar • Binpur • • • Sabang Khedgree .. • Gopiba.llavpur Nayagram Daspur Mahisada.l Panskura Bhagwanpur · Midnapur Dantan Mohan pur Debra Keshpur lambani '14 .

APPENDIX V-contd.

Dilldc* :Below15p.m. Bet.- 15 to 26 p.m. AbonUp.m.

J&aa~td.. Ghatal Chaodrakcma Moyna Egra BooshiJ • • . Chinnnh . Serampur • • • Chauditala . )lagra • Tarakeewar Balagarh . Jangit: Uttarpara Amm Bhadrwwar . . Pursura SiDgur . Khanakul Haripal . Polba Goghat. . Pandua Dhaniakhali Bowrah • • . Bally • . Amta Domjur . • .Bagnau. Sankrail . Shyampur Jagr.cha Jagatballavpur Panohla Uluberia Bauria

24-Parpoa~ • • • ToDyganj . Amdanga Behala • . De ganga Maheshtala . . Habra Baruipur . Gaighata . Bhangar . Bangaon Jaynagar . Rulpi Noapara Magrahat DumDum . Mathurapur Titagarh MetiabrtUI Budge Budge Bonarpur Biahnupur Canning Khardah Naihati Jagaddal. Bijpur Baraaat Raj arhat Baairha' llasnabad Sande&hkhali Swarupnagar Baduria Barca Diamond Harbour Kakdwip ~ Chapra. Ranagha& Nadia . • .' • • . -- Nakasipara • • . Haringhata Kaliganj • • • Hanakhali Tehatta • • • • Kriahnaganj Karim pur Santipur Chakdah Kotwali Nabadwip Kanhklabad. • • Bfthampur . • • • Dombl • • • • Burwan Raninagv • . Jalangi :1\hagwangola • • Beldanga Lalgola. • . Hariharpara Suti . . • • • Nawda Bagh~~~~athpnj Nabecram • • .HanJUdabad 75 APPENDIX V-concld.

Good and bad registration areas by districts of W~st Bengal : Death rate-Police Stations-194~oncld.

District Below 15 p.m. Between 15 to 25 p.m. Above 25 p.m.

Mul'llhida.ba.d~ntd. Jia.ga.nj Sa.ga.rdighi Sa.mserga.nj Bha.ra.tpnr Ka.ndi Kha.rgr&m

West Dinajpur • Ganga.rampnr • Hili • Kuma.rganj Tapan • • Raiga.nj Kushmandi Ka.liaga.nj Ba.lnrgha.t Hemtabad lta.ha.r • Bansiha.ri

Jalpaignri , Mada.rihat Kotwali Rajganj Maina.guri • Mal Alipnr Dua.rs Nagrakata. Dhupgnri Ma.tia.Ji Ealohini Falakata Kumargram

Darjeeling • Kalimpmig • Jore Bungalow • Sadar Pulba.zar • Pha.nsidewa Mirik • • I • Kharibari Sukhiapokri Rangli Rangliot Garubathan KDl'lleong Silignri Ma.lda. • • Kharba • Englishbazar Bamangola. Harishchandra.pnr • Manikchak Habibpnr Ka.Jia.ohak Maida Ratua Gajol N.B.-Municipalities having less than 10 p.m. birth rate and 15 p.m. death rate are bad registration areas. Police Stations having less than 20 p.m. birth rate a.nd 15 p.m. death rate are bad registration areas. Places with more than 20 and 30 p.m. birth rate for Municipalities and Police Stations and more than 20 a.nd 25 p.m. tieath ate for Municipalities and Polioe Sta.tiona respectively are good registration a.rea.a. List of Agents--eontd. [Continued from innel' side of the front cover.] jlJLLUNDUR CITY- NEW DELHI-contd. Excelsior Book Depot, Baz Baharwala. Oxford Book & Stationery Coy., Scindia House. Ram Krishna & Sons (of Lahore), 13{13, Connaught Place. KANPUR- Saraswati Book Depot, 15, Lady· Hardinge Road. Advani & Co., The Mall. Sikh Publishing House, Ltd., 7..C, Connaught Place. Sahitya Niketan. Universal Book Stall, The Mall. PATIALA- Jainco, Booksellers, etc., Bazar Shaha Nashin. KOLHAPUR- Maharashtra Grantha Bhandar. PATNA- Sohan Singh. & Sons, Pirmohani, P. 0. Kadam Kuan. LUCKNOW- Supdt., Government Printing, Bihar, P. 0. Guizar Bagh. J. Ray & Sons (India), Ltd., Haza!"at Ganj. Law Book Agency, 29-A, Kachery Road. PATNA CITY- New Oxford Book Co., Jehangirabad Palace. *Hindi Pustak Agency. Universal Publisher Ltd., Plaza Building, Hazarat Ganj. Lakshmi Trading Co., Padri-ki-Haveli. Upper India Publishing House, Ltd., Literature Place, Raghunath Parshad & Sons. Aminuddaula Park. POONA- LUDHIANA- Deccan Book Stall, Fergusson College Road. Lyall Book Dep6t. Express Book Service, East Street. J\lr. Dharam Prakash, B.Sc., Banjiman Road. International Book Service, Deccan Gymkhana. MADRAS- PUDUKKOTTAI- Divine Trading Co., 22, Namashivaya Mudali Street, P. N. Swaminathan Sivam & Co., J?erumal Vilas, Bazar Triplicane. Street. Higginbothams. . K. Krishnamurthi, Mount Road. RAJKOT- Presidency Book Supplies, 8-C, Pycrofts Road, Oppo~ite Mohan Lal Dosabhai Shah. Victoria Hostel, Triplicane. Supdt., Government Press, Mount Road. ·RANCHT- Varadachary & Co., Messrs. P. Ideal Book Store, Near Paristhan Theatre, Main Road. MANGALORE- ROORKEE- U. R. Shenoy & Sons, Car Street. Cambridge Book Depot. MEERUT CANTT.- SHILLONG- Mr. Dharam Prakash,· B.Sc. Supdt., Assam Secretariat Press. SIMLA- MEERUT CITY- J. Ray & Sons (India), Ltd. Prakash Educations Stores, Near Tehsil. Azad Kitab :Mahal, Stall No. 13. University Book Depot, Near Tehsil. Minerva Book Shop, Regal Cinema Building. Sunder Das & Sons, 141, Lower Bazar. 1\IYSORE- J. Nanumal & Sons, Lansdowne Building. SIROHI- National Trading Co. NAGPUR- Supdt., Government Printing, Central Provinces. SURAT- Sree Gajan Pustakalaya, Tower Road.

~EW DELHI- TRICHINOPOLY FORT- Amrit Book Co., Connaught Circus. Krishna Swami & Co., Messrs. S., Teppakulam. Bhavnani & Sons, Connaught Place. Bodh Raj Marwah, Shop No. 65, Pussa Road :Market, TRIVANDRUM- Karol Bagh. International Book House, 33, Valia Chalai. Chifton & Co., Original Road, Karol Bagh. Empire Book Depot, 278, Aliganj, Lodi Road. UDAIPUR- l~nglish Book Store, G-Block, Connaught Circus. 1\Iewar Book Depot. faqtr Chand Marwah & Sons, No. 1-A, Regal Building, Connaught Circus. UJJAIN- Harikishan Das Bedi, R.S. 22, Annexe Feroze Shah Road. *:\Ianakchand Book Depot, Patni Bazar•. J. Ray & Sons (India), Ltd., 2, Regal Building. Jain Book Agency, Connaught Place. VELLORE- jayna Book Depot, Chapparwala Kuan, Karol Bagh. Venkatasubban, Mr. S., Law Bookseller. *For Hindi Publications only.