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Lebanon Unstable and Insecure | the Washington Institute
MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 2266 Lebanon Unstable and Insecure by David Schenker Jun 11, 2014 ABOUT THE AUTHORS David Schenker David Schenker is the Taube Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute and former Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs. Brief Analysis Military coordination with Hezbollah may be providing a quick fix, but the country's long-term strength can only be achieved with a reconstituted March 14 coalition. uring his June 4 visit to Lebanon, Secretary of State John Kerry encouraged lawmakers to elect a new D president, pledged $51 million to help Beirut host Syrian refugees, and announced that the administration would seek additional funding for Lebanese security forces. "The bottom line," he said, "is that a secure and stable Lebanon is a prerequisite for a secure and stable region." Coming a day after the "reelection" of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad and amidst a presidential vacuum in Beirut, Secretary Kerry's visit actually highlighted Lebanon's insecurity and instability. Regrettably, it is unclear if the administration's latest initiatives will do much to prevent a further deterioration. Presidential Vacuum O n May 25, Michel Suleiman completed his six-year term as president and vacated Baabda Palace. In accordance with the Lebanese constitution, the parliament should have elected a new president by that date, but the pro- Western March 14 bloc and the Hezbollah-led pro-Syrian March 8 coalition have been unable to agree on an acceptable candidate. In the absence of consensus, the political blocs have refused to attend parliamentary sessions since the initial balloting on April 23, preventing the quorum necessary for a vote. -
Lebanon: Background and US Policy
Lebanon: Background and U.S. Policy name redacted Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs April 4, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R42816 Lebanon: Background and U.S. Policy Summary Lebanon’s small geographic size and population belie the important role it has long played in the security, stability, and economy of the Levant and the broader Middle East. Congress and the executive branch have recognized Lebanon’s status as a venue for regional strategic competition and have engaged diplomatically, financially, and at times, militarily to influence events there. For most of its independent existence, Lebanon has been torn by periodic civil conflict and political battles between rival religious sects and ideological groups. External military intervention, occupation, and interference have exacerbated Lebanon’s political struggles in recent decades. Lebanon is an important factor in U.S. calculations regarding regional security, particularly regarding Israel and Iran. Congressional concerns have focused on the prominent role that Hezbollah, an Iran-backed Shia Muslim militia, political party, and U.S.-designated terrorist organization, continues to play in Lebanon and beyond, including its recent armed intervention in Syria. Congress has appropriated more than $1 billion since the end of the brief Israel-Hezbollah war of 2006 to support U.S. policies designed to extend Lebanese security forces’ control over the country and promote economic growth. The civil war in neighboring Syria is progressively destabilizing Lebanon. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, more than 1 million predominantly Sunni Syrian refugees have fled to Lebanon, equivalent to close to one-quarter of Lebanon’s population. -
País Região Cidade Nome De Hotel Morada Código Postal Algeria
País Região Cidade Nome de Hotel Morada Código Postal Algeria Adrar Timimoun Gourara Hotel Timimoun, Algeria Algeria Algiers Aïn Benian Hotel Hammamet Ain Benian RN Nº 11 Grand Rocher Cap Caxine , 16061, Aïn Benian, Algeria Algeria Algiers Aïn Benian Hôtel Hammamet Alger Route nationale n°11, Grand Rocher, Ain Benian 16061, Algeria 16061 Algeria Algiers Alger Centre Safir Alger 2 Rue Assellah Hocine, Alger Centre 16000 16000 Algeria Algiers Alger Centre Samir Hotel 74 Rue Didouche Mourad, Alger Ctre, Algeria Algeria Algiers Alger Centre Albert Premier 5 Pasteur Ave, Alger Centre 16000 16000 Algeria Algiers Alger Centre Hotel Suisse 06 rue Lieutenant Salah Boulhart, Rue Mohamed TOUILEB, Alger 16000, Algeria 16000 Algeria Algiers Alger Centre Hotel Aurassi Hotel El-Aurassi, 1 Ave du Docteur Frantz Fanon, Alger Centre, Algeria Algeria Algiers Alger Centre ABC Hotel 18, Rue Abdelkader Remini Ex Dujonchay, Alger Centre 16000, Algeria 16000 Algeria Algiers Alger Centre Space Telemly Hotel 01 Alger, Avenue YAHIA FERRADI, Alger Ctre, Algeria Algeria Algiers Alger Centre Hôtel ST 04, Rue MIKIDECHE MOULOUD ( Ex semar pierre ), 4, Alger Ctre 16000, Algeria 16000 Algeria Algiers Alger Centre Dar El Ikram 24 Rue Nezzar Kbaili Aissa, Alger Centre 16000, Algeria 16000 Algeria Algiers Alger Centre Hotel Oran Center 44 Rue Larbi Ben M'hidi, Alger Ctre, Algeria Algeria Algiers Alger Centre Es-Safir Hotel Rue Asselah Hocine, Alger Ctre, Algeria Algeria Algiers Alger Centre Dar El Ikram 22 Rue Hocine BELADJEL, Algiers, Algeria Algeria Algiers Alger Centre -
The Lebanon Country of Origin Information Report July 2006
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT THE LEBANON JULY 2006 RDS-IND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE JULY 2006 THE LEBANON Contents 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT................................................................................1.01 2. GEOGRAPHY ..............................................................................................2.01 Map of Lebanon........................................................................................2.04 3. ECONOMY ..................................................................................................3.01 4. HISTORY ....................................................................................................4.01 1975 – 2005: Civil war; Israeli occupations; Syrian occupation.........4.01 Syrian withdrawal: April – May 2005.....................................................4.06 Elections: May – June 2005 ...................................................................4.09 Other recent events: 2005-2006.............................................................4.12 5. STATE STRUCTURES ..................................................................................5.01 The Constitution .....................................................................................5.01 The Taif (Ta’if/Taef) Agreement...........................................................5.02 Citizenship and nationality ...................................................................5.03 Kurds ...............................................................................................5.05 -
Factional Clashes-Commencement of Israeli Withdrawal- Related Developments
Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 31, June, 1985 Lebanon, Page 33683 © 1931-2006 Keesing's Worldwide, LLC - All Rights Reserved. Factional clashes-Commencement of Israeli withdrawal- Related developments Summary and key dates Attempts to extend security plan (December 1984-January 1985). Factional clashes in and around Beirut (December 1984-May 1985). Bomb attack on home of Hezbollah leader (March 8, 1985). Hijacking incidents (February). Economic crisis (1984–85). Kidnapping incidents (January-May 1985). Breakdown of Israeli- Lebanese withdrawal talks (Jan. 22). Implementation of three- stage Israeli withdrawal plan (January-June). Attacks by Lebanese guerrillas on Israeli and SLA forces (January-May). Renewal of UNIFIL mandate (April 17). Imposition of Israeli‘iron fist’ policy in southern Lebanon (February). Israeli air- strikes against Palestinian bases (January-April). Anti-government rebellion by elements of Lebanese Forces (March). Defeat of Christian forces around Sidon (March and April). Resignation of Mr Karami (April 17). The Israeli government, having failed to reach agreement with the Lebanese government on a co-ordinated withdrawal of Israeli forces from the country, decided in January 1985 on a unilateral three-stage withdrawal, the first two parts of which were completed by mid-April, while the last Israeli forces were officially reported to have left Lebanon on June 6 (the third anniversary of the 1982 invasion). The process was accompanied by a violent cycle of attacks on troops of the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) by the (mainly Shia Moslem) National Resistance; and (ii) reprisal raids by the Israelis on Shia villages in southern Lebanon. -
Revisiting the Path of Lebanon Over the Past 100 Years
REVISITING THE PATH OF LEBANON OVER THE PAST 100 YEARS Analysis of Different Constitutional Aspects of the State REVISITING THE PATH OF LEBANON OVER THE PAST 100 YEARS This book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercia - Share Alike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Please be notified that the book has been released under a Creative Commons license to allow optimal accessibility while preserving attribution to the contributors and the editor’s work, as long as it is not used for commercial purposes. We would like to provide equal opportunities for anyone who wants to disseminate, write and search on the topic. You can share and adapt the content by remixing, transforming, building and redistributing the material in any medium or format as long as you attribute it and properly credit the authors under the same license as the original. For more information, a copy of this license is available at URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-sa/4.0/ REVISITING THE PATH OF For more information, a copy of this license is available at URL: https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ LEBANON OVER THE PAST 100 YEARS Analysis of Different Constitutional Aspects of the State REVISITING THE PATH OF LEBANON OVER THE PAST 100 YEARS Notre Dame University-Louaize NDU Press© First published: 2020, Lebanon ISBN 978-614-475-009-4 Zouk, Kesrwan, P.O.Box 72 Cover design: Department of Creative Design www.ndu.edu.lb | [email protected] P.O. Box: 72, Zouk, Keserwan Phone: +961 9 208 994/6 REVISITING THE PATH OF LEBANON OVER THE PAST 100 YEARS – ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT CONSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF THE STATE ©2020Notre Dame University - Louaize (NDU) and Rule of Law Programme Middle East and North Africa, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. -
Car Bombings in 2013-2014
issue number 147 |October 2014 NFORMATION INTERNATIONAL’s OPINION POLL ERSAL CLASHES AND Hariri’s RETURN TO LEBANON OFFICIAL EXAMS: BETWEEN PASS STATEMENTS AND OFFICIAL CERTIFICATES THE MONTHLY INTERVIEWS NABIL MRAD www.monthlymagazine.com • Published by Information International sal HEAD OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BENOUATI CAR BOMBINGS IN 2013-2014 18 CARS | 143 VICTIMS AND 1,140 KILOGRAMS OF EXPLOSIVES Lebanon 5,000LL | Saudi Arabia 15SR | UAE 15DHR | Jordan 2JD| Syria 75SYP | Iraq 3,500IQD | Kuwait 1.5KD | Qatar 15QR | Bahrain 2BD | Oman 2OR | Yemen 15YRI | Egypt 10EP | Europe 5Euros October INDEX 2014 4 CAR BOMBINGS IN 2013-2014 8 RUNNING FOR PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN 2009, 2013 AND 2014 12 OFFICIAL EXAMS: BETWEEN PASS STATEMENTS AND OFFICIAL CERTIFICATES 14 DEVELOPING THE ECONOMY OF TRIPOLI: BETWEEN THE FAIR AND THE ECONOMIC ZONE 16 DIRECTORATE FOR PALESTINIAN REFUGEE AFFAIRS P: 24 P: 16 18 INFORMATION INTERNAtional’s OPINION POLL ERSAL CLASHES AND HAriri’s RETURN TO LEBANON 23 JAPANESE PARLIAMENT 24 NAJIB ABOU HAIDAR- SECT-LESS ID CARD 26 T HE ANNUAL PELVIC EXAMINATION: DR. HANNA SAADAH 27 BACK TO School – HEALTHY EATING TIPS: MAYA NAHOUL P: 14 28 INTERVIEW: NABIL MRAD HEAD OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BENOUATI 29 JEUNESSE CONTRE DROGUE 31 POPULAR CULTURE 32 DEBUNKING MYTH#86: THE AUTISTIC GENIUS 33 MUST-READ BOOKS: GIBRAN KHALIL GIBRAN-PEOPLE AND PLACES BEAR WITNESS HENRY ZOGHEIB 46 THIS MONTH IN HISTORY- ARAB WORLD BURIAL OF GAMAL ABDUL NASSER- OCTOBER 1970 34 MUST-read children’s BOOK: THE STORY OF HADI ORGAN DONATION 47 ON THE BELIEFS -
230366 the White House Correspondence Tracking Worksheet Incoming
~ - ID# 230366 THE WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENCE TRACKING WORKSHEET INCOMING DATE RECEIVED: APRIL 17, 1991 NAME OF CORRESPONDENT: THE HONORABLE NICK J. RAHALL II SUBJECT: FORWARDS A COPY LETTER FROM MR. MCDONALD CARY URGING THE USE OF MINORITY-OWNED BUSINESSES IN THE REDEVELOPMENT AND REBUILDING OF KUWAIT ACTION DISPOSITION ROUTE TO: ACT DATE TYPE C COMPLETED OFFICE/AGENCY (STAFF NAME) CODE YY/MM/DD RESP D YY/MM/DD FREDERICK MCCLURE ORG 91 I 0 4 I 17 frv\ 6_ !jj_/ olT'J1 I o/;;: REFERRAL NOTE: Do5 ~- & J/1_J_r;; -~ REFERRAL NOTE: K illo,11! '"----- c l(jl(l~\) ~~~~==~~------------REFERRAL NOTE: ~ I I I I REFERRAL NOTE: ------ I --I --- - I --I REFERRAL NOTE: - - COMMENTS: SEE ID 229789 ADDITIONAL CORRESPONDENTS: MEDIA:L INDIVIDUAL CODES: 1230 MAIL USER CODES: (A) ------ (B) _____ (C) _____ *********************************************************************** *ACTION CODES: *DISPOSITION *OUTGOING * * * *CORRESPONDENCE: * *A-APPROPRIATE ACTION *A-ANSWERED *TYPE RESP=INITIALS * *C-COMMENT/RECOM *B-NON-SPEC-REFERRAL * OF SIGNER * *D-DRAFT RESPONSE *C-COMPLETED * CODE = A * *F-FURNISH FACT SHEET *S-SUSPENDED *COMPLETED = DATE OF * *I-INFO COPY/NO ACT NEC* * OUTGOING * *R-DIRECT REPLY W/COPY * * * *S-FOR-SIGNATURE * * * *X-~NTERIM REPLY * * * *********************************************************************** REFER QUESTIONS AND ROUTING UPDATES TO CENTRAL REFERENCE (ROOM 75,0EOB) EXT-2590 KEEP THIS WORKSHEET ATTACHED TO THE ORIGINAL INCOMING LETTER AT ALL TIMES AND SEND COMPLETED RECORD TO RECORDS MANAGEMENT. UNCLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT OF STATE EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT TRANSMITTAL FORM SI S--------------------- 9107966 Date May 18, 1991 ----~~------------ FOR: Mr. William F. Sittmann Executive Secretary National Security Council Staff The White House REFERENCE: To: President Bush From: McDonald Cary Date: March 25, 1991 Subject: Congressional Inquiry Regarding Kuwaiti Reconstruction WH Referral Dated: May 6, 1991 NSCS IDH ( if any) ~2~3~0~3~6~6~---------------- The attached item was sent directly to the Department of State. -
Lebanon – Allawi Muslim Sect – Syrian Ba'ath Party – Sunni Militants
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: LBN31663 Country: Lebanon Date: 3 May 2007 Keywords: Lebanon – Allawi Muslim sect – Syrian Ba’ath party – Sunni militants – Akkar region This response was prepared by the Country Research Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Questions 1. Please provide information on the Allawi Muslim sect in Lebanon. 2. Please provide information on the organisation, size and role of the Syrian Ba’ath Party in Lebanon, and in Tripoli. 3. Are there any reports of recent attacks on members of the Ba’ath party by persons or groups in the Lebanese community? 4. Is there any information on whether there is any conflict between any known Sunni groups and members of the Ba’ath party. 5. Is it likely that a person would not be able to seek assistance from the Lebanese police in the event they were threatened for reasons of his membership or imputed membership of the Ba’ath Party? 6. Where is the Akkar region in Lebanon and is it an area which is under the protection of Syrian security authorities or influence? How far is Khoura Dahr El Ein from the Akkar region? RESPONSE 1. Please provide information on the Allawi Muslim sect in Lebanon. Information on the Allawi (or Alawite) Muslim sect in Lebanon is not extensive. The Alawite community is one of the smallest Muslim religious communities in Lebanon and one of eighteen religious groups which are officially recognised in the country (US Department of State 2006, International Religious Freedom Report – Lebanon, 15 September http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71426.htm – Accessed 23 April 2007 – Attachment 1). -
WARS and WOES a Chronicle of Lebanese Violence1
The Levantine Review Volume 1 Number 1 (Spring 2012) OF WARS AND WOES A Chronicle of Lebanese Violence1 Mordechai Nisan* In the subconscious of most Lebanese is the prevalent notion—and the common acceptance of it—that the Maronites are the “head” of the country. ‘Head’ carries here a double meaning: the conscious thinking faculty to animate and guide affairs, and the locus of power at the summit of political office. While this statement might seem outrageous to those unversed in the intricacies of Lebanese history and its recent political transformations, its veracity is confirmed by Lebanon’s spiritual mysteries, the political snarls and brinkmanship that have defined its modern existence, and the pluralistic ethno-religious tapestry that still dominates its demographic makeup. Lebanon’s politics are a clear representation of, and a response to, this seminal truth. The establishment of modern Lebanon in 1920 was the political handiwork of Maronites—perhaps most notable among them the community’s Patriarch, Elias Peter Hoyek (1843-1931), and public intellectual and founder of the Alliance Libanaise, Daoud Amoun (1867-1922).2 In recognition of this debt, the President of the Lebanese Republic has by tradition been always a Maronite; the country’s intellectual, cultural, and political elites have hailed largely from the ranks of the Maronite community; and the Patriarch of the Maronite Church in Bkirke has traditionally held sway as chief spiritual and moral figure in the ceremonial and public conduct of state affairs. In the unicameral Lebanese legislature, the population decline of the Christians as a whole— Maronites, Greek Orthodox, Catholics, and Armenians alike—has not altered the reality of the Maronites’ pre-eminence; equal confessional parliamentary representation, granting Lebanon’s Christians numerical parity with Muslims, still defines the country’s political conventions. -
Sunni Islamists in Tripoli and the Asad Regime 1966-2014
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository Syria Studies 20 2 Sunni Islamists in Tripoli and the Asad regime 1966-2014 Tine Gade♣ A city in North Lebanon with 320,310 inhabitants, Tripoli is one of the so-called “sensitive” zones where the Syrian war threatens to spread into Lebanon. While the Syrian army withdrew from North Lebanon in April 2005, Tripoli’s destiny remained intrinsically linked to Syria. This was because of the numerous historical, political, family, and economic ties linking the social space of north Lebanon to its Syrian hinterland. The demographic composition of the city resembles Syria. Tripoli’s population is in majority Sunni Muslim (80.9%) and includes, in addition to a Christian minority in decline, the largest Alawi community in Lebanon (8,9 %, or 28,525 persons) 1 . This paper analyses the consequences of the Syrian intervention and presence in Lebanon on political leadership in Tripoli. It shows how the Syrian presence created alliances, conflicts and divisions still present in Tripoli today. The main argument is that the Syrian presence in Tripoli de- structured Sunni leadership in North Lebanon. New Syrian political-economic networks emerged, where clients were awarded with political and economic influence. Common interests between Tripolitanian businessmen and actors in the Syrian military developed during the period of the Syrian presence. Tripoli’s political field became more split, between winners and losers of the Syrian presence. The losers of the Syrian period included in particular the urban poor, who suffered from Syrian repression and from competition from Syrian labourers. -
Approving a President: Hezbollah and the Lebanese Political System
Approving a President: Hezbollah and the Lebanese Political System Maddie Jurden Research Assistant, ICT Summer 2015 This article examines the current presidential deadlock in Lebanon, and the important role Hezbollah has played. The ties between Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah influence the outcome of the election and have the potential of deep repercussions for stability in Lebanon and the region as a whole. In light of the growing instability attributed to the Syrian civil war, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, and the deterioration of political stability, it is vital that the Lebanese deadlock situation be rectified as soon as possible. This article outlines the possible economic, political and security effects of the ongoing presidential deadlock, and analyzes Hezbollah’s role. * The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT). 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 4 BRIEF HISTORY OF LEBANON..................................................................... 5 Current Governmental Power Distribution ..................................................... 9 BRIEF HISTORY OF HEZBOLLAH ................................................................ 9 Lebanon's Historical ties to Syria and Iran .................................................... 12 Modern Day Hezbollah ................................................................................