Institutional and Organizational Antecedents of Title Fraud in Ontario

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Institutional and Organizational Antecedents of Title Fraud in Ontario The Perfect Storm: Institutional and Organizational Antecedents of Title Fraud in Ontario by Nathan Innocente A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology University of Toronto © Copyright by Nathan Innocente 2017 The Perfect Storm: Institutional and Organizational Antecedents of Title Fraud in Ontario Nathan Innocente Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology University of Toronto 2017 Abstract This dissertation contributes to organizational analyses of crime through the study of real estate title fraud. Through interviews with key constituents in the field of real estate conveyancing and lending, and through an analysis of documents produced by these constituents, this study elucidates both the antecedent institutional and organizational conditions giving rise to new opportunities for title fraud and the legal and governmental responses to this crime. Structured through three discrete papers, the data highlight the role of institutional change in the creation of new fraud risks and the ways in which these risks are conceptualized and mitigated. The first paper explores the conflict over professional jurisdiction between the Ontario real estate bar and title insurance companies. It elucidates the institutional shifts in the field of conveyancing and lending that open the legal profession to competition, and it explores the rhetorical strategies used by the real estate bar to adapt to the diffusion of prevailing practices that threaten their legitimacy. The second paper builds from and advances the explication of these field-level changes, demonstrating how institutional changes have eroded organizational guardianship by establishing anonymous systems that create new opportunities for fraud incubated in routine patterns of conveyancing activity. The third paper situates the government’s response to fraud ii within the context of these field-level shifts. The violation of sacrosanct institutions of private property and homeownership undermines cultural ideologies of the home and imbues the acquisition of property with uncertainty. The significant public and political attention generated by title fraud compelled immediate and atypical state intervention in the rectification of harm and the restoration of title to victims. Altogether, these three papers elucidate the role of the institutional environment in creating opportunities for crime through the incubation of fraud risks, and for compelling atypical state responses to forms of identity crime like title fraud. iii Acknowledgments I am indebted to many in completing this work. Foremost to my committee – Sandy Welsh, Ronit Dinovitzer, and Kelly Hannah-Moffat - for their encouragement, rigour, and clarity. I benefitted immensely from their guidance and wisdom. I also acknowledge the late Richard Ericson, under whose brief but invaluable direction and support this project was initially conceived. I would like to thank the many people and organizations contributing to this research. I hope that I have been able to convey accurately all that you have bestowed. Finally, I am indebted to my family for their patience, perseverance, and support. Mostly patience. iv Table of Contents Abstract ii Acknowledgements iv List of Tables vii List of Figures viii List of Appendices ix Introduction 1 Methodology 7 References for Introduction 15 Bench Warmers or Quarterbacks: Real Estate Lawyers and Legitimacy in the Age of Title Insurance 19 The Institutional Context for Professional Competition 22 Institutional Context and the Legal Profession 22 Logics and Legitimacy 28 Rhetorical Strategies 31 Findings 33 Conversion to Land Titles 34 Title Insurance and the “Strange Dynamic” 36 Growing Rationalization 42 Emerging Relationships with Lenders 48 System Risks 52 Legal Monopolies 56 Legitimacy and Value 59 Conclusion 67 References for Benchwarmers or Quarterbacks 76 Field of Schemes: Advancing Organizational Explanations for Crime and Opportunity 84 Real Estate Fraud in Ontario 86 The Situated Nature of Fraud Risks 95 Findings 104 Situating Fraud 107 Institutional and Field-Level Transformations 108 v Competition and Pricing Efficiencies 111 Moral Hazard 122 Fraud and the Impersonal System 125 Conclusion 132 References for Field of Schemes 140 Cheated out of House and Home: State Legitimacy, Certainty, and Identity Crime Responses 149 Identity Theft and Title Fraud 154 Identity Theft and Fraud 154 Title Fraud 158 Property and Homeownership 162 The Active State 166 Fraud, Law, and State Responses 169 Title Fraud Litigation and Indefeasibility 169 Lawrence and the State 175 Media, Politics, and the Real Estate Fraud Action Plan 180 Conclusion 188 References for Cheated out of House and Home 194 Conclusion: The Case for Expanding Organizational Approaches for the Study of Crime 203 Appendix A: Document List 208 Appendix B: Interview Guides 235 vi List of Tables Table 1: Interview Sample 10 Table 2: Document Sample 11 Table 3: Prominent Real Estate Fraud Cases and Indefeasibility Outcomes 173 vii List of Figures Figure 1: Stages of Institutional Change 24 Figure 2: Timeline for Key Events in the Conveyancing Field 33 Figure 3: Distribution of Claims by Area of Practice 90 Figure 4: Real Estate Claims by Cost 91 Figure 5: Real Estate Clams by Type of Error 91 Figure 6: Self-reported Identity Crime Victimization by Year 94 Figure 7: Key Features by Levels of Analysis 106 Figure 8: Logic Model for an Organizational Analysis of Title Fraud 107 Figure 9: Homeownership Rates for All Households, Canada, 1971 to 2006 164 viii List of Appendices Appendix A: Document List 208 Appendix B: Interview Guides 236 ix Introduction Susan Lawrence, a 55-year-old Toronto widow, discovered that the home she had been living in for thirty years had been sold without her knowledge or consent. In October of 2005, identity thieves posing as Lawrence retained a lawyer and, using identity fraud and forgery, sold the home to an accomplice who had arranged a mortgage on the property. The identity thieves fled with the money and Lawrence, now owing $300,000 to a bank, faced eviction from her home. The eviction was later reversed and through litigation Lawrence was able to restore title to her home. However, the courts also ruled that the bank’s interest was valid and that Lawrence was responsible for the fraudulently acquired mortgage. The Lawrence case, and the many similar cases of title fraud that preceded and followed it, attracted significant media, professional, and public attention for both the insidiousness of the crime and the iniquities of available redress, and further instigated significant and long-term industry and state responses. Bob Aaron, a lawyer and expert in real estate writing for the Toronto Star, observed. “Looking back on 2006, there can be no doubt that the real estate story of the year was title fraud. No other issue in this field seemed to fascinate and horrify the public as the victims' plight.” (Aaron 2006, emphasis added). Indeed, Curt Novy, mortgage analyst for the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation observes of title fraud, “It’s the most egregious form of identity theft…It amounts to the most money lost, and is the most devastating to individuals.” (Kolen 2013). Title fraud occurs when fraudsters, using identity theft, assume the identity of the legitimate homeowner and take advantage of automated financial and real estate record systems to fraudulently sell or refinance a property (Criminal Intelligence Services Canada 2007). A lucrative undertaking, criminals engaging in title fraud can net several hundred thousand dollars in less than a week’s illicit work (McWaters and Ford 2007), and the problem continues to 1 2 escalate in Ontario (CIMBL 2001; First Canadian Title 2005; LawPRO 2004). Significant industry and state efforts were mounted to combat the rise of mortgage and title fraud, yet despite these efforts it has become more prevalent and sophisticated (Potts and Selznick 2004), and the costs to insurers and, ultimately, the public has continued to escalate (Strom 2004; Wishart 2008). While title fraud received significant attention from media, government, and professional and occupational constituents, scholars have been ambivalent towards these crimes and existing explanations therefore remain underdeveloped. Where title fraud is discussed, it is often relegated to the analysis of real estate fraud jurisprudence (cf. Bucknall 2008), or is conflated with research on identity theft, identity fraud, and mortgage fraud (Carswell and Bachtel 2009; Criminal Intelligence Services Canada 2007; Morris 2007). The industry literature provides the most comprehensive overview of the title fraud problem. Much of it concentrates on professional prudence in the form of greater regulation, diligence, and audit, and consumer protection through self-discipline, vigilance, and insurance. However, a subset of this literature grapples with the importance of key organizational and process-level antecedents for explaining fraud. Title fraud is a story about institutional change and the risks and responses it produces. Discretely and respectively, the papers herein examine the influence of institutional and organizational change on professional conflict between a comparatively subaltern segment of the legal profession and American title insurance companies, how these antecedent organizational shifts incubate the risk of fraud in routine patterns of conveyancing and lending activity, and how the state, confronted with the reputational
Recommended publications
  • DRAFT Five Principles Open Letter
    c/o Mennonite Central Committee Ontario The Honourable Deb Matthews, MPP 50 Kent Ave. Minister of Health Kitchener, ON N2G 3R1 10th Floor, Hepburn Block 80 Grosvenor Street Toronto, Ontario M7A 2C4 March 25, 2010 Dear Minister Matthews, The decision the McGuinty government has taken to end the Special Diet Allowance for people on Ontario Works and the Ontario Disability Support Program has been interpreted as a disturbing signal about the degree to which government is committed to the goals of poverty reduction and the importance of protecting the human rights of people with disabilities. However, it also presents you with the opportunity to create a new program that will address the acknowledged shortcomings of the Special Diet Allowance program, while ensuring continuation of the important financial support it provides to people with documented health challenges. In light of the government's announcement that the Ministry of Health will be creating a replacement program for the Special Diet Allowance, we are writing to forward our proposal for Five Principles that should form the basis for this new program. The 25 in 5 Network and its partners, the ODSP Action Coalition and the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO), are circulating the enclosed Five Principles document to other partner organizations, individuals, and supporters. We trust that you will hear from many around the province who also believe that the new program must be based on these principles. Statements about the scope and mandate of the new program have been made by members of government that have led many to fear that people currently receiving Special Diet will no longer be adequately supported by our government.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae Personal
    Schedule A CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL INFORMATION: Last Name First Name AAU COLLIER Cheryl POLITICAL SCIENCE DEGREE: From From To To Degree Discipline Institution Country Month Year Month Year September 1995 May 2006 Doctorate Political Science (Canadian and University of Canada (Ph.D.) Comparative Politics) Toronto September 1993 November 1995 Master©s Canadian Studies (Women©s Studies) Carleton Canada University September 1989 May 1993 Bachelor©s Journalism (High Honours) Carleton Canada University EMPLOYMENT HISTORY: Date From Date To Rank/Position Department Institution/Firm Level Country Present Canada 2013/07/01 Present Associate Professor Political Science University of Teaching Canada Windsor University 2020/09/01 2021/06/30 Associate Dean, Faculty of Arts, University of Teaching Canada Partnership Development Humanities and Social Windsor University and Interdisciplinary Sciences Studies (Acting), FAHSS 2018/06/04 2019/08/31 Associate Vice-President, Of®ce of the Provost University of Teaching Canada Academic (Acting) Windsor University 2017/07/01 2018/06/04 Department Head (Acting) Political Science University of Teaching Canada Windsor University 2016/01/01 2016/04/30 Adjunct Professor Ford School of Public University of Teaching United Policy Michigan, Ann University States Arbor 2015/08/01 2015/10/31 Department Head (Acting) Political Science University of Teaching Canada Windsor University 2008/07/01 2013/07/01 Assistant Professor Political Science University of Teaching Canada Windsor University 2004/09/06 2008/06/30 Sessional
    [Show full text]
  • March 18, 2004 To: the Honourable Dwight Duncan Ontario Minister Of
    The mission of OPHA is to provide leadership on issues affecting the public’s health and to strengthen the impact of people who are active in public and community health throughout Ontario. 700 Lawrence Ave. W., Suite 310 March 18, 2004 Toronto, Ontario M6A 3B4 Tel: (416) 367-3313 To: The Honourable Dwight Duncan 1-800-267-6817 (Ont) Ontario Minister of Energy Fax: (416) 367-2844 E-mail: [email protected] www.opha.on.ca Re: Ontario's Energy Future Should be Sustainable Honorary Patron The Hon. David C. Onley Dear Minister: Lieutenant Governor of Ontario I am writing to you today to express the views that our organization President Carol Timmings and membership have about the recommendations contained in the E-mail: [email protected] report of the OPG Review Committee respecting the position of nuclear energy in Ontario's energy future: Executive Director Connie Uetrecht E-mail: [email protected] "…. We have concluded that Ontario must begin planning now to supplement and ultimately replace it ageing nuclear assets with new Constituent Societies ANDSOOHA – Public Health and better generations of nuclear technology" (OPG Review Nursing Management in Ontario Committee, 2004, page 20). Association of Ontario Health Centres The Ontario Public Health Association (OPHA) is a non-profit, voluntary organization that represents many of the nurses, health Association of Public Health promoters, environmental health officers, policy analysts, Epidemiologists in Ontario epidemiologists and environmental health managers working in Association of Supervisors of Public public health units and community health centres across this Health Inspectors of Ontario province.
    [Show full text]
  • Do Good Intentions Beget Good Policy? Two Steps Forward and One Step Back in the Construction of Domestic Violence in Ontario
    Do Good Intentions Beget Good Policy? Two Steps Forward and One Step Back in the Construction of Domestic Violence in Ontario by April Lucille Girard-Brown A thesis submitted to the Department of Sociology In conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen‟s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada January, 2012 Copyright ©April Lucille Girard-Brown, 2012 Abstract The construction of domestic violence shifted and changed as this issue was forced from the private shadows to the public stage. This dissertation explores how government policy initiatives - Bill 117: An Act to Better Protect Victims of Domestic Violence and the Domestic Violence Action Plan (DVAP) - shaped our understanding of domestic violence as a social problem in the first decade of the twenty-first century in Ontario. Specifically, it asks whose voices were heard, whose were silenced, how domestic violence was conceptualized by various stakeholders. In order to do this I analyzed the texts of Bill 117, its debates, the DVAP, as well as fourteen in-depth interviews with anti- violence advocates in Ontario to shed light on their construction of the domestic violence problem. Then I examined who (both state and non-state actors) regarded the work as „successful‟, flawed or wholly ineffective. In particular, I focused on the claims and counter-claims advanced by MPPs, other government officials, feminist or other women‟s group advocates and men‟s or fathers‟ rights group supporters and organizations. The key themes derived from the textual analysis of documents and the interviews encapsulate the key issues which formed the dominant construction of domestic violence in Ontario between 2000 and 2009: the never-ending struggles over funding, debates surrounding issues of rights and responsibilities, solutions proposed to address domestic violence, and finally the continued appearance of deserving and undeserving victims in public policy.
    [Show full text]
  • February 1, 2011 the Honourable Dwight Duncan Minister of Finance
    February 1, 2011 The Honourable Dwight Duncan Minister of Finance Government of Ontario c/o Budget Secretariat Frost Building North, 3rd Floor 95 Grosvenor Street Toronto, ON M7A 1Z1 Dear Minister: 2011 Provincial Pre-Budget Submission - Pension Plan Issues As you know, the members of the Association of Canadian Pension Management (ACPM) represent over 400 pension plans consisting of more than 3 million plan members, with assets under management in excess of $330 billion. Our Association has now acted as the national voice of the Canadian pension industry for almost four decades. ACPM advocates policies and activities that promote the growth and health of Canada’s retirement income system. The ACPM champions the following principles: Clarity in pension legislation, regulation and arrangements; Good governance and administration; and Balanced consideration of stakeholder interests. As you are also aware, we have plans and members in each province and territory under both provincial and national legislation. As retirement income providers, we have always played an active role in supporting Canadians retirement income needs. We have Regional Councils across Canada, which provide us with valuable input and advice on matters in their particular jurisdiction. Today, I am writing to you on behalf of our Ontario Regional Council, offering comment on several matters as they may relate to the upcoming Ontario budget. Retirement income, of course, has become a mainstream issue in the past several years and ACPM wishes to congratulate the Government of Ontario once again on its active engagement with various industry stakeholders, as well as with other jurisdictions. The report of the Expert Commission on Pensions (OECP Report) and recent passing of Bills 120, 135 and 236 to amend the Pension Benefits Act (PBA) illustrate this.
    [Show full text]
  • FRANKLY SPEAKING: Deserters
    This page was exported from - The Auroran Export date: Tue Sep 28 5:29:57 2021 / +0000 GMT FRANKLY SPEAKING: Deserters No Consequences for Deserters By Frank Klees, MPP Voters in five Ontario ridings will be heading to the polls on Thursday, August 1 because their duly elected provincial Members of Parliament deserted them and abandoned their Oath of Office. I found this common dictionary definition that describes what it means ?to desert or abandon?. The conduct of some of my former colleagues fits the description: ?The act by which a person abandons and forsakes, without justification, a condition of public, social, or family life, renouncing its responsibilities and evading its duties. A willful abandonment of an employment or duty in violation of a legal or moral obligation.? Every candidate who ran in the last general election did so with the knowledge that if elected, they were committing to serve for a four year term of office. The Election Statute Law Amendment Act, 2005 states that beginning in 2007, provincial elections in Ontario must be held every four years on the first Thursday in October. Barring a vote of non-confidence in the government, every MPP who swore the Oath of Office made a solemn commitment to their constituents and to the Crown to faithfully serve out that term of office. I checked my copy and there are no conditions or fine print. So, who are these five deserting Liberal MPPs, what changed for them just two years into their term of office and what are the consequences to them, to their constituents and to the province? Dwight Duncan, the former Minister of Finance presided over the Province's descent into a have-not province and left us with an $11.9 billion deficit and a debt of $273 billion.
    [Show full text]
  • Ontario This Month
    Innovative Research Group, Inc. www.innovativeresearch.ca Toronto :: Vancouver Public Opinion Research Ontario This Month Provincial Liberal Leadership Field Dates: October 17 – 22, 2012 Sample Size: n=600; MoE ±4.0% October 2012 © 2012 Copyright Innovative Research Group Inc. 2 Key Takeaways Leadership race and OLP renewal . The leadership race moves many non-Liberals onto the fence; many indicated with the right leader, they are willing to give the party a second look. Four-in-ten Ontarians only looking for minor changes from government. Ontarians are looking for a new Liberal leader who will reduce unemployment and create new jobs, have a more honest and accountable governance style and focus on social policies. Potential candidates . Even best-known candidates not well-known among general public. Among those tested, Dwight Duncan does best among core Liberals, and Kathleen Wynne does best among potential Liberals. McGuinty’s legacy . McGuinty legacy depends on current political preference. 3 Methodology • Telephone survey of approximately 600 adults, 18 years and older conducted (Prior to April 2003 approximately 650 adults): – 2000 – April 14-25; May 15-27; June 21-29; July 15-23; Aug 16-21; Sept 22-Oct 3; Oct 27-Nov 1; Nov 24-28; Dec14-18. – 2001 – Jan 15-17; Feb 27-March 2; March 22-26; April 26-30; May 25-30; June 22-28; July 19-26; Aug 23-30; Sept 20-27; Oct 18- 25, Nov 23-29, Dec 13-20. – 2002 – Jan 15-21; Feb 22-28; March 12-17; April 10-14; May 16-21; June 21-26; July 18-23; Aug 20-26; Sept 16-23; Oct 18-23; Nov 18-22; Dec 11-14.
    [Show full text]
  • Dwight Duncan
    DWIGHT DUNCAN Categories: People, Lawyers Dwight Duncan serves as a Senior Strategic Advisor at McMillan LLP. Mr. Duncan also is a member of the Advisory Board of McMillan Vantage the firm’s wholly owned public policy advisory firm. Mr. Duncan currently sits on the Board of Directors, and Chairs the Audit Committees, of Travelers Insurance Canada and the Dominion General Insurance Company. In addition he sits on the Boards of Directors of Crown Crest Trust, and the Global Risk Institute. Mr. Duncan also Chairs the Board of Directors of the Windsor Detroit Bridge Authority, the federal crown corporation overseeing the construction and operation of the $5.7 billion Gordie Howe International Bridge. Duncan, also sits on the Board of Directors of the MS Society of Canada’s Scientific Research Foundation where he serves as Treasurer. Recently, Mr. Duncan served on the Board of Directors of Natura Naturals where he sat on the Board Special Committee that oversaw and negotiated the $82 million sale of Natura to Tilray Inc. Prior to joining McMillan, Mr. Duncan had a distinguished career in public service that spanned close to 25 years. During his time as a Member of the Ontario Legislature he served as Deputy Premier, Minister of Finance, Chair of the Management Board of Cabinet, Chair of Cabinet, Government House Leader, Minister of Energy, Minister of Revenue, Minister of Government Services and Opposition House Leader. Duncan delivered six budgets and authored historic reforms to Ontario’s tax, pension, insurance, and energy regimes. As Finance Minister, he lowered corporate and personal taxes, eliminated the capital tax and created the harmonized sales tax (HST).
    [Show full text]
  • Ontario's Coal Phase-Out: a Major Climate Accomplishment Within Our Grasp
    Ontario’s Coal Phase-Out A major climate accomplishment within our grasp AN OCAA ENERGY REPORT | www.cleanairalliance.org Ontario Clean Air Alliance FEBRUARY 2009 and 15.9 billion kWh in 2010. OPG can Introduction exceed these caps only if there is no other option to keep the lights on in Ontario.3 Thanks to the strong leadership of Premier Dalton In May 2008, the Government of Ontario McGuinty, Ontario will be able to achieve a - posted a draft regulation on the Environmen- virtually complete coal phase-out by January tal Bill of Rights Registry to establish a legal- 1, 2010. Ontario’s coal phase-out is the single ly-binding cap of approximately 11.7 billion largest greenhouse gas reduction initiative in kWh with respect to the total annual output North America – equivalent to taking almost of OPG’s coal-fired power plants for each year seven million cars off the roads.1 from 2010 to 2014 inclusive.4 (A final regula- tion has not yet been issued.) In this report we will review the coal phase- out’s progress to date and outline additional Coal-FiredCoal fired Electricityelectricity Generation generation actions that can be tak- 40 en to ensure a complete coal phase-out as soon 35 as possible and at the 30 lowest possible cost. 25 Progress to Date 20 Billions of kWh 15 - In April 2005, the 10 Lakeview coal-fired 5 power plant in Mis- sissauga was closed. 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 - In August 2007, the Government of On- tario issued a legally- binding regulation Electricity Demand vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Professor Guy L. F. Holburn Energy Leaders Conference | April 5, 2013
    Professor Guy L. F. Holburn Suncor Chair in Energy Policy Director, Ivey Energy Policy and Management Centre Ivey Business School University of Western Ontario Energy Leaders Conference | April 5, 2013 OECD Countries Ontario Agencies Agencies / Boards / Boards Legislature Legislature Ministry (205 FTEs) Courts Executive Courts 100 90 10 13 80 70 30 40 60 50 40 12 30 52 clauses and powers clauses 20 29 10 4 0 Number of new ministerial directive ministerialNumber of new directive OEB Consumer Electricity Energy Green Energy Energy Total (2003- Protection and Restructuring Conservation Act (2009) Consumer 2010) Governance Act (2004) Leadership Act Protection Act Act (2003) (2006) (2010) OEB and OPA directive clauses Ministerial power clauses Other directives 3 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 Number of Directives 4 2 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Directives to OPA Letters to OPA Directives to OEB Directives to H1 and OPG 4 . Risk of costly policy mistakes . No public consultation needed, not transparent . No rationale or cost-benefit analysis required . Expert agency advice can be ignored . Policy surprises and instability . No notice required . Policy exposed to short-term political pressures and ministerial rotation . Fixes needed when mistakes become apparent 5 15700 MW Suspends 10700 MW 2700 MW by 2025 MW targets 10700 MW by 2015 by 2010 by 2018 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 Starts Stops Starts RESOP Modifies RESOP Re-instates new FIT Reduces RESOP RESOP FIT rates for biogas Minister of Energy Party Dates
    [Show full text]
  • The Executive Council of Ontario
    The Executive Council of Ontario 1. Hon. Dalton McGuinty [ Premier and President of The Executive Council and Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs ] [416- 325-1941] [email protected] 2. Hon. Brad Duguid [ Minister of Aboriginal Affairs ] [416-314-8693] [email protected] 3. Hon. Leona Dombrowsky [ Minister of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs ] [416-326-3074] [email protected] 4. Hon. Christopher Bentley [ Attorney General ] [416-326-4000] [email protected] 5. Hon. Deb Matthews [ Minister of Children & Youth Services and Minister Responsible for Women's Issues ] [416-212- 2278] [email protected] 6. Hon. Michael Chan [ Minister of Citizenship & Immigration ] [416-325-6200] [email protected] 7. Hon. Madeleine Meilleur [ Minister of Community & Social Services and Minister Responsible for Francophone Affairs ] [416- 325-5225] [email protected] 8. Hon. Rick Bartolucci [ Minister of Community Safety & Correctional Services ] [416-325-0408] [email protected] 9. Hon. Aileen Carroll [ Minister of Culture and Minister Responsible for Seniors ] [416-325-1660] [email protected] 10. Hon. Michael Bryant [ Minister of Economic Development ] [416-326-9344] [email protected] 11. Hon. Kathleen O Wynne [ Minister of Education ] [416-325-2600] [email protected] 12. Hon. George Smitherman [ Minister of Energy & Infrastructure, and Deputy Premier ] [416-327-6758] [email protected] 13. Hon. John Gerretsen [ Minister of the Environment ] [416-314-6790] [email protected] 14. Hon.
    [Show full text]
  • Not a Tax Grab After All a Second Look at Ontario’S HST
    > December 2009 Not a Tax Grab After All A second look at Ontario’s HST By Ernie Lightman and Andrew Mitchell About the authors Ernie Lightman received his BA in economics and political science from the University of Toronto and his MA and PhD in economics from the University of California at Berkeley. After graduation he taught for two years at the London School of Economics Please make a donation... Help us continue to offer and for the last 30 years has been a professor of our publications free online. social policy at the University of Toronto Faculty of Social Work. In 1991–92 he was a one person We make most of our publications available free commission of inquiry looking into unregulated on our website. Making a donation or taking out housing for vulnerable adults in Ontario. For the a membership will help us continue to provide last seven years he has been Principal Investigator people with access to our ideas and research free for major studies funded by the Social Sciences and of charge. You can make a donation or become a Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) on member on-line at www.policyalternatives.ca. Or precarious work, its health outcomes, and welfare- you can contact the National office at 613-563-1341 to-work programs in Ontario. He is also author of for more information. Suggested donation for this Social Policy in Canada (Toronto: Oxford University publication: $10 or what you can afford. Press, 2003). Andrew Mitchell is the senior research associate isbn 978-1-897569-84-9 and project co-ordinator for the Social Assistance in the New Economy project at the Faculty of Social Work of the University of Toronto.
    [Show full text]