DOCSLIB.ORG

25B Picoag-4N1 Bacteria, Fungi, Insects and Virus Bacterial Goss Wilt, Blight of Maize Bacterial Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
25B Picoag-4N1 Bacteria, Fungi, Insects and Virus Bacterial Goss Wilt, Blight of Maize Bacterial Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp 25B PicoAg-4N1 Bacteria, Fungi, Insects and Virus bacterial Goss wilt, blight of maize bacterial Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Cmn) bacterial Canker of tomato, bacterial Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) bacterial Wilt of alfalfa. bacterial Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus (Cmi) bacterial Pseudomonas Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadaceae bacterial Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial Rice blight, aka, bacterial blight of rice, deadly bacterial disease bacterial Moko Disease a bacterium, Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli 1000 to 1 bacterial Salmonella cholerasuis a bacterial disease Salmonella cholerasuis bacterial Listeria a bacteria bacterial Candida albicans bacteria (Yeast) Candida albicans 1000 to 1 bacterial Staphylococcus aureus gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus 1000 to 1 bacterial Streptococcus faecalis bacteria Streptococcus faecalis bacterial (MRSA) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive bacterium bacterial Bacillus subtilis bacterial Geobacillus stearothermophilus (basonym Bacillus stearothermophilus) bacterial Gumosis a bacteria Xanthomonas Gumosis , bacterial Xanthomonas bacterial Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) Xanthomonas Gumosis Nectarine bacterial Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni. Xanthomonas Bacteria Spot and Rust on Peaches bacterial Acetobacter Melanogenus Bacteria bacterial Acinetobacter Bacteria bacterial Actinomyces israelii Bacteria bacterial Agrobacterium Bacteria bacterial Alcaligenes Viscolactis Bacteria bacterial Alkaligenes Bacteria bacterial Bacillus anthracis Bacteria bacterial Bacillus Stearothermophilus Bacteria bacterial Bacillus subtilis Bacteria bacterial Bordetella pertussis Bacteria bacterial Cardiobacterium Bacteria bacterial Corynebacterium Bacteria bacterial Chiamydia psittaci Bacteria bacterial Clostridium botulinum (B) Bacteria bacterial Clostridium Perinngens Bacteria bacterial Clostridium tetani Bacteria bacterial Corynebacteria diphtheria Bacteria bacterial Coxiella burnetii Bacteria bacterial Diplococcus Pneumoniae Bacteria bacterial Erwina Bacteria bacterial Escherichia Coli Bacteria bacterial Francisella tularensis Bacteria bacterial Haemophilus influenzae Bacteria bacterial Haemophilus parainfluenzae Bacteria bacterial Klebsielia pneumoniae Bacteria bacterial Lactobacillus Delbrueckil Bacteria bacterial Legionella pneumophia Bacteria bacterial Micromonospora faeni Bacteria bacterial Micropolyspora faeni Bacteria bacterial Moraxella catarrhalis Bacteria bacterial Moraxella lacunata Bacteria bacterial Mycobacterium avium Bacteria bacterial Mycobacterium intracellulare Bacteria bacterial Mycobacterium kansasli Bacteria bacterial Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Bacteria bacterial Mycoplasma pneumoniae Bacteria bacterial Neisseria meningitidis Bacteria bacterial Nocardia Brasilensis Bacteria bacterial Nocardiaasteroides Bacteria bacterial Pediococcus acidilactci Bacteria bacterial Pediococcus Cerevisiae Bacteria bacterial Pneumocystis carinii Bacteria bacterial Pseudomonas mallei Bacteria bacterial Pseudomonas pseudomallei Bacteria bacterial Pseudormonas diminuta Bacteria bacterial Salmonella enteritidis Bacteria bacterial Salmonella hirschefeldii Bacteria bacterial Salmonella typhimurium Bacteria bacterial Salmonella typhosa Bacteria bacterial Sarcina maxima Bacteria bacterial Serratia marcescens Bacteria bacterial Shigella dysenteriae Bacteria bacterial Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria bacterial Streptoccous lactis Bacteria bacterial Thermoactinomyces sacchari Bacteria bacterial Thermoactinomyces vulgaris Bacteria bacterial Thermomonspora viridis Bacteria Food Borne Illness's Has No Active Ingredient bacterial Astrovirus bacterial Bacillus cereus, foodborne bacterial Brucella spp. bacterial Campylobacter spp. bacterial Clostridium Botulinum,foodborne bacterial Clostridium perfringens,foodborne bacterial Cronobacter sakazakii bacterial Cryptosporidium spp. bacterial Cyclospora cayetanensis bacterial Diarrheagenic E. coli other than STEC and ETEC bacterial E. coli Diarrheagenic bacterial E. coli (STEC) non–O157 bacterial E. coli (STEC) O157 bacterial E. coli other than STEC and ETEC bacterial Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) bacterial Giardia intestinalis bacterial Hepatitis A virus bacterial Listeria monocytogenes bacterial MRSA Multiple Resistent Staphylococcus Aureus bacterial Mycobacterium bovis bacterial Norovirus bacterial Rotavirus bacterial bacterial Salmonella spp., nontyphoidal S. enterica serotype Typhi bacterial Sapovirus bacterial Shigella spp. bacterial Streptococcus spp. group A, foodborne bacterial Streptococcus Vibrio cholerae, toxigenic bacterial Toxoplasma gondii bacterial Trichinella spp. bacterial V. parahaemolyticus bacterial V. vulnificus bacterial Vibrio cholerae, toxigenic bacterial Yersinia enterocolitica HAI's Hospital acquired diseases / Clinic-associated Infections (CAI) bacterial Acinetobacter bacterial Aspergillus bacterial Basal Cell Carcinoma bacterial Burkholderia cepacia bacterial Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacterial Clostridium difficile bacterial Clostridium sordellii bacterial Enterobacteriaceae (carbapenem-resistance) bacterial Hepatitis bacterial Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) bacterial Influenza bacterial Klebsiella bacterial MRSA Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus bacterial Mycobacterium abscessus bacterial Norovirus bacterial Pertussis bacterial Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial Flat Sarcoids bacterial Tuberculosis (TB) bacterial Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus bacterial Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci VRE bacterial Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Picocides For Fungi Fungi Corn Blight Cochliobolus heterostrophus Fungi Anthracnose Fungi Anthracnose Leaf Blight Fungi Anthracnose Stalk Rot Fungi Powdery Mildew a fungal diseasei in the order Erysiphales, Podosphaera xanthii Fungi Downy Mildew a fungus-like (Oomycete) organism. Fungi Alternaria, Anthracnose & Fungi Powdery Mildew Fungi Phytophthora Fungi Sooty molds: Alternaria, Cladosporium, Aureobasidium, Antennariella, Fungi Limacinula, Scorias, Meliola, and Capnodium. Fungi Sigatoka (black, brown, Yellow) fungus (aka, black leaf streak) leaf-spot disease Fungi Ascomycete Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Mycosphaerella musicola. Fungi Black spot caused by the fungus Diplocarpon. Fungi Damping off, a horticultural disease that kill seedlings before germinate. Fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, a Botryosphaeriaceae fungus causes damp off Fungi Fusarium oxysporum. Fungi Alternaria alternata Fungi Rhizoctonia solani Fungi Sclerotium rolfsii fungus family Atheliaceae. Fungi Rice blast fungus, aka, Magnaporthe grisea, Fungi Rice sheath fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Fungi Botrytis a necrotrophic fungus Fungi Volutella Fungus, Volutella blight, Volutella canker Fungi Black shank caused by fungus Phytophthora Fungi Erwinia is Enterobacteriaceae bacteria Fungi Cercospora is ascomycete fungi and in the genus Mycosphaerella Fungi Rubber Tree Bark Necrosis Fungi Panama Disease Fungi Stripe rust is fungus Puccinia striiformis. Fungi Gummosis fungal Fungi Witch's Broom Fungi Mycena Citricolor or Coffee Rust Fungi Dracaena Marginata Fungi Candida albicans Candidiasis fungal Candida Candida albicans Fungi Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) ringworm fungus. Fungi South American Leaf Blight Fungi Phomopis Fungus Fungi Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) is fungus Fusarium solani Fungi White mold (aka Sclerotinia stem rot) fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Fungi Oats Crown rust (leaf rust)caused by fungus Puccinia Fungi Stem Rust, Black and Cereal rusts Fungus Puccinia graminis Fungi Common Rust Fungi Common Smut Fungi Eyespot Fungi Gray Leaf Spot Fungi Northern Corn Leaf Blight Fungi Northern Corn Leaf Spot Fungi Mango Malformation Disease Fungi Absidia corymbifera Fungi Fungi Acremonium spp. Fungi Fungi Alternaria alternata Fungi Fungi Aspergillis spp. Fungi Fungi Aureobasidium pullulans Fungi Fungi Blastomyces dermatiitidis Fungi Fungi Botrytis cinera Fungi Fungi Chaetomium globosum Fungi Fungi Cladosporium spp. Fungi Fungi Coccidioides immitis Fungi Fungi Cryptococcus neoformans Fungi Fungi Emericella nidulans Fungi Fungi Epicoccum nigrum Fungi Fungi Eurotium spp. Fungi Fungi Exophiala jeanselmei Fungi Fungi Geomyces pannorum Fungi Fungi Helminthosporium Fungi Fungi Histoplasma capsulatum Fungi Fungi Mucor plumbeus Fungi Fungi Paecilomyces variotii Fungi Fungi Paracoccidioides brasilensis Fungi Fungi Penicillium spp. Fungi Fungi Phialophora spp. Fungi Fungi Phoma spp Fungi Fungi Rhizopus stolonifer Fungi Fungi Rhodoturula spp. Fungi Fungi Scopulariopsis spp. Fungi Fungi Sporothrix schenckii Fungi Fungi Stachybotrys spp. Fungi Fungi Trichoderma spp. Fungi Fungi Ulociadium spp. Fungi Fungi Wallemia sebi Fungi Picocides For Insects Insects Mealy Bugs Insects Red Mites Insects Spotted Mites Insects Mealy Bugs, Green Scale, Torpedo Scale Insects Red Mites Spotted Mites Insects Aphids Insects Pythium Insects Soft Green Scale (Coccus viride) Insects Torpedo Scale Insects False Oleander Scale Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli Insects Red Scale Insects Euomymus Scale Insects San Jose scale Insects False scale Insects No Worms from vector Wasp in Guava or Papaya Fruit Insects White Flies Insects Leaf Miner , sawflies (Symphyta) flies (Diptera) beetles Insects Leaf Hopper Insects Wooly Adelgid Insects Chinch Bugs Insects Thrips Insects Stink Bugs Insects Armyworms Prevention Insects Cearel Leaf Beetle Insects Corn Leaf Aphids
Load more

Recommended publications
  • AAA Vol 2 CD.Indb
    Isolation and Identification of Cold-Adapted Fungi in the Fox Permafrost Tunnel, Alaska Mark P. Waldrop United States Geological Survey, Geologic Division, Menlo Park, CA, USA Richard White III United States Geological Survey, Geologic Division, Menlo Park, CA, USA Thomas A. Douglas Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Fort Wainwright, AK, USA Abstract Permafrost microbiology is important for understanding biogeochemical processes, paleoecology, and life in extreme environments. Within the Fox, Alaska, permafrost tunnel, fungi grow on tunnel walls despite below freezing (-3°C) temperatures for the past 15,000 years. We collected fungal mycelia from ice, Pleistocene roots, and frozen loess. We identified the fungi by PCR, amplifying the ITS region of rRNA and searching for related sequences. The fungi within the tunnel were predominantly one genus, Geomyces, a cold-adapted fungi, and has likely “contaminated” the permafrost tunnel from outside. We were unable to obtain DNA or fungal isolates from the frozen loess, indicating fungal survival in permafrost soils can be strongly restricted. Geomyces can degrade complex carbon compounds, but we are unable to determine whether this is occurring. Results from this study suggest Geomyces may be an important colonizer species of other permafrost environments. Keywords: Fox tunnel; fungi; Geomyces; ice wedge; loess; permafrost. Introduction starts to melt and then sublimate. Therefore, when a hole is drilled, moisture is liberated, and fungal growth at these sites The permafrost tunnel near Fox, Alaska, was constructed should be possible. in the early 1960s to examine mining, tunneling, and Our research objective was to determine the identity of the construction techniques in permafrost.
    [Show full text]
  • Microscopic Fungi Isolated from the Domica Cave System (Slovak Karst National Park, Slovakia)
    International Journal of Speleology 38 (1) 71-82 Bologna (Italy) January 2009 Available online at www.ijs.speleo.it International Journal of Speleology Official Journal of Union Internationale de Spéléologie Microscopic fungi isolated from the Domica Cave system (Slovak Karst National Park, Slovakia). A review Alena Nováková1 Abstract: Novakova A. 2009. Microscopic fungi isolated from the Domica Cave system (Slovak Karst National Park, Slovakia). A review. International Journal of Speleology, 38 (1), 71-82. Bologna (Italy). ISSN 0392-6672. A broad spectrum, total of 195 microfungal taxa, were isolated from various cave substrates (cave air, cave sediments, bat droppings and/or guano, earthworm casts, isopods and diplopods faeces, mammalian dung, cadavers, vermiculations, insect bodies, plant material, etc.) from the cave system of the Domica Cave (Slovak Karst National Park, Slovakia) using dilution, direct and gravity settling culture plate methods and several isolation media. Penicillium glandicola, Trichoderma polysporum, Oidiodendron cerealis, Mucor spp., Talaromyces flavus and species of the genus Doratomyces were isolated frequently during our study. Estimated microfungal species diversity was compared with literature records from the same substrates published in the past. Keywords: Domica Cave system, microfungi, air, sediments, bat guano, invertebrate traces, dung, vermiculations, cadavers Received 29 April 2008; Revised 15 September 2008; Accepted 15 September 2008 INTRODUCTION the obtained microfungal spectrum with records of Microscopic fungi are an important part of cave previously published data from the Baradla Cave and microflora and occur in various substrates in caves, other caves in the world. such as cave sediments, vermiculations, bat droppings and/or guano, decaying organic material, etc. Their DESCRIPTION OF STUDIED CAVES widespread distribution contributes to their important The Domica Cave system is located on the south- role in the feeding strategies of cave fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded on 2017-02-12T12:58:08Z
    Title Antimicrobial activities and diversity of sponge derived microbes Author(s) Flemer, Burkhardt Publication date 2013 Original citation Flemer, B. 2013. Antimicrobial activities and diversity of sponge derived microbes. PhD Thesis, University College Cork. Type of publication Doctoral thesis Rights © 2013, Burkhardt Flemer http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Embargo information No embargo required Item downloaded http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1192 from Downloaded on 2017-02-12T12:58:08Z University College Cork Coláiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh Antimicrobial activities and diversity of sponge derived microbes A thesis presented to the National University of Ireland for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Burkhardt Flemer, Dipl. Ing. (FH) National University of Ireland, Cork Department of Microbiology January 2013 Head of Department: Professor Gerald F. Fitzgerald Supervisors: Professor Alan Dobson, Professor Fergal O’Gara This thesis is dedicated to my family, my inspiration DECLARATION 4 ABSTRACT 5 CHAPTER 1 8 INTRODUCTION BODY PLAN OF MARINE SPONGES 9 Demosponges 9 MICROBIAL SPONGE ASSOCIATES 10 HIGHTHROUGHPUT SEQUENCING AS A TOOL TO ESTIMATE SPONGE- 16 ASSOCIATED MICROBIOTA Studies employing pyrosequencing for the analysis of sponge-associated 17 microbiota ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF SPONGE MICROBE 21 INTERACTIONS SYMBIONT FUNCTION 22 Carbon metabolism 23 Nitrogen metabolism 23 Sulphur metabolism 25 SPONGE ASSOCIATED FUNGI 26 DEEP SEA SPONGES 28 SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM MARINE SPONGES AND SPONGE 29 DERIVED MICROBES Potential of sponge-ass. MO for the production of bioactive metabolites 30 Bioactive natural products from marine sponges 32 POLYKETIDE SYNTHASES (PKS) AND NON RIBOSOMAL PEPTIDE 33 SYNTHASES (NRPS) NRPSs 33 PKSs 34 AIMS AND OVERVIEW OF THE PRESENTED STUDY 36 REFERENCES 36 CHAPTER 2 54 DIVERSITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF MICROBES FROM TWO IRISH MARINE SPONGES, SUBERITES CARNOSUS AND LEUCOSOLENIA SP.
    [Show full text]
  • Cladosporium Mold
    GuideClassification to Common Mold Types Hazard Class A: includes fungi or their metabolic products that are highly hazardous to health. These fungi or metabolites should not be present in occupied dwellings. Presence of these fungi in occupied buildings requires immediate attention. Hazard class B: includes those fungi which may cause allergic reactions to occupants if present indoors over a long period. Hazard Class C: includes fungi not known to be a hazard to health. Growth of these fungi indoors, however, may cause eco- nomic damage and therefore should not be allowed. Molds commonly found in kitchens and bathrooms: • Cladosporium cladosporioides (hazard class B) • Cladosporium sphaerospermum (hazard class C) • Ulocladium botrytis (hazard class C) • Chaetomium globosum (hazard class C) • Aspergillus fumigatus (hazard class A) Molds commonly found on wallpapers: • Cladosporium sphaerospermum • Chaetomium spp., particularly Chaetomium globosum • Doratomyces spp (no information on hazard classification) • Fusarium spp (hazard class A) • Stachybotrys chartarum, commonly called ‘black mold‘ (hazard class A) • Trichoderma spp (hazard class B) • Scopulariopsis spp (hazard class B) Molds commonly found on mattresses and carpets: • Penicillium spp., especially Penicillium chrysogenum (hazard class B) and Penicillium aurantiogriseum (hazard class B) • Aspergillus versicolor (hazard class A) • Aureobasidium pullulans (hazard class B) • Aspergillus repens (no information on hazard classification) • Wallemia sebi (hazard class C) • Chaetomium
    [Show full text]
  • Sensors & Transducers
    Sensors & Transducers, Vol. 220, Issue 2, February 2018, pp. 9-19 Sensors & Transducers Published by IFSA Publishing, S. L., 2018 http://www.sensorsportal.com Differences in VOC-Metabolite Profiles of Pseudogymnoascus destructans and Related Fungi by Electronic-nose/GC Analyses of Headspace Volatiles Derived from Axenic Cultures 1 Alphus Dan WILSON and 2 Lisa Beth FORSE 1 Forest Insect and Disease Research, USDA Forest Service, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, 432 Stoneville Road, Stoneville, MS, 38776-0227, USA 2 Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, 432 Stoneville Road, Stoneville, MS, 38776-0227, USA 1 Tel.: (+1)662-686-3180, fax: (+1)662-686-3195 E-mail: [email protected] Received: 10 November 2017 /Accepted: 5 February 2018 /Published: 28 February 2018 Abstract: The most important disease affecting hibernating bats in North America is White-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the psychrophilic fungal dermatophyte Pseudogymnoascus destructans. The identification of dermatophytic fungi, present on the skins of cave-dwelling bat species, is necessary to distinguish between pathogenic (disease-causing) microbes from those that are innocuous. This distinction is an important step for the early detection and identification of microbial pathogens on bat skin prior to the initiation of disease and symptom development, for the discrimination between specific microbial species interacting on the skins of hibernating bats, and for early indications of potential WNS-disease development based on inoculum potential. Early detection of P. destructans infections of WNS-susceptible bats, prior to symptom development, is essential to provide effective early treatments of WNS-diseased bats which could significantly improve their chances of survival and recovery.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2014/160354 Al 2 October 2014 (02.10.2014) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2014/160354 Al 2 October 2014 (02.10.2014) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C12N 1/20 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (21) International Application Number: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, PCT/US2014/026371 DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, 13 March 2014 (13.03.2014) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (25) Filing Language: English OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, (26) Publication Language: English SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, (30) Priority Data: ZW. 61/783,395 14 March 2013 (14.03.2013) US 61/783,573 14 March 2013 (14.03.2013) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant: GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY RE¬ GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, SEARCH FOUNDATION, INC.
    [Show full text]
  • Discrimination Between Pseudogymnoascus Destructans
    SENSORDEVICES 2017 : The Eighth International Conference on Sensor Device Technologies and Applications Discrimination between Pseudogymnoascus destructans, other Dermatophytes of Cave-dwelling Bats, and related innocuous Keratinophilic Fungi based on Electronic-nose/GC Signatures of VOC-Metabolites produced in Culture Alphus Dan Wilson Lisa Beth Forse Forest Insect and Disease Research Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research USDA Forest Service, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory USDA Forest Service, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory Stoneville, MS, USA Stoneville, MS, USA e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Abstract— White-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungal cave residents and move freely in and out of caves), dermatophyte (Pseudogymnoascus destructans), is considered particularly insectivorous bats while in hibernation (i.e., in a the most important disease affecting hibernating bats in North state of torpor), is a common practice among animal America. The identification of dermatophytic fungi, isolated pathologists and wildlife researchers interested in obtaining from the skins of cave-dwelling bat species, is necessary to cultures and conducting diagnostic tests for determining the distinguish pathogenic (disease-causing) microbes from those etiology of various dermatophytic diseases acquired by that are innocuous. This distinction is an essential step for volant mammals. Bats are known to be attacked by relatively disease diagnoses, early detection of the presence of microbial few fungal dermatophytes including Pseudogymnoascus pathogens prior to symptom development, and for destructans (Pd), causing deep-seated skin infections, and discrimination between microbes that are present on the skins Trichophyton redellii (ringworm) that causes superficial skin of hibernating bats. Early detection of P. destructans infections infections [3].
    [Show full text]
  • 2-Aminoethylphosphonate Utilization by the Cold-Adapted Geomyces Pannorum P11 Strain
    Curr Microbiol (2014) 68:330–335 DOI 10.1007/s00284-013-0485-4 2-Aminoethylphosphonate Utilization by the Cold-Adapted Geomyces pannorum P11 Strain Magdalena Klimek-Ochab • Artur Mucha • Ewa Zyman_ ´czyk-Duda Received: 16 May 2013 / Accepted: 9 September 2013 / Published online: 27 October 2013 Ó The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Cold-adapted strain of Geomyces pannorum P11 The biodegradation pathway of ciliatine molecule is was found to mineralize of phosphorus–carbon bond-con- described as a two-step process. The first reaction reported as taining compound—2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (2-AEP, transamination is carried out by 2-AEP transaminase and ciliatine). The biodegradation process proceeded in the leads to the formation of phosphonoacetaldehyde and corre- phosphate-independent manner. Ciliatine-metabolizing sponding amino acid. This enzyme [EC 2.6.1.37] has been enzymes’ activity was detectable in cell-free extracts prepared isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa [9]andSalmonella from psychrophilic G. pannorum pregrown on 4 mM 2-AEP. typhimurium [6, 16]. Transaminase requires pyridoxalphos- Phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase (phosphonatase) activity phate as cofactor and is specific for pyruvate as the amino in a partially purified extract was demonstrated at 10 °C. group acceptor, while 2-AEP acts as amino group donor. The next step includes hydrolytic cleavage of the C–P bond within the phosphonoacetaldehyde molecule and results in formation Introduction of inorganic phosphate and acetate. This reaction is carried out by an enzyme phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase (phospho- Phosphorus is an essential element for many biomolecules natase) [EC 3.11.1.1] that has been purified from Bacillus and plays an important role in various biological processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Strategies for the Decontamination Of
    V. Shelley, S. Kaiser, E. Shelley, T. Williams, M. Kramer, K. Haman, K. Keel, and H.A. Barton – Evaluation of strategies for the decontamination of equipment for Geomyces destructans, the causative agent of White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 75, no. 1, p. 1–10. DOI: 10.4311/2011LSC0249 EVALUATION OF STRATEGIES FOR THE DECONTAMINATION OF EQUIPMENT FOR GEOMYCES DESTRUCTANS, THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME (WNS) VIRGINIA SHELLEY1,SAMANTHA KAISER1,ELIZABETH SHELLEY1,TIM WILLIAMS1,MARCELO KRAMER1, KATIE HAMAN2,KEVIN KEEL2, AND HAZEL A. BARTON1,3* Abstract: White-nose syndrome is an emerging infectious disease that has led to a dramatic decline in cave-hibernating bat species. White-nose syndrome is caused by the newly described fungal pathogen Geomyces destructans, which infects the ear, muzzle, and wing membranes of bats. Although the exact mechanism by which the fungus causes death is not yet understood, G. destructans leads to a high mortality rate in infected animals. While the primary mechanism of infection appears to be bat-to-bat transfer, it is still unclear what role human activity may play in the spread of this pathogen. Here we evaluate the effectiveness of decontamination protocols that can be utilized by speleologists to reduce the likelihood of spreading this dangerous pathogen to naı¨ve bats or uninfected hibernacula. Our results show that pre-cleaning to remove muds and/ or sediments followed by the use of commercially available disinfectants can effectively remove G. destructans from caving fabrics. Alternatively, immersion in water above 50 uC for at least 20 minutes effectively destroys the fungal spores.
    [Show full text]
  • Saprotrophic Microscopic Fungi and Dermatophytes Accompanying Infections of the Skin and Nails of Patients in the Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech Republic)
    CZECH MYCOL. 59(1): 125–137, 2007 Saprotrophic microscopic fungi and dermatophytes accompanying infections of the skin and nails of patients in the Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech Republic) PAVLÍNA LYSKOVÁ Zdravotní ústav se sídlem v Ostravě, Bakteriologie Karviná, Těreškovové 2206, 734 01 Karviná-Mizerov, Czech Republic [email protected] Lysková P. (2007): Saprotrophic microscopic fungi and dermatophytes accompa- nying infections of the skin and nails of patients in the Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech Republic). – Czech Mycol. 59(1): 125–137. Over a 19-month period, the spectrum of saprotrophic microscopic fungi isolated from 245 patients in the Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech Republic) was analysed. Saprotrophic microscopic fungi were isolated from nails (90 %) and skin (10 %). None was isolated from hair. The material was the most fre- quently positive for the presence of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (32.6 %) followed by Cladosporium sphaerospermum (5.3 %), Aspergillus versicolor (4.0 %), Geomyces pannorum (4.0 %) and others. Dermatophytes and saprotrophic microscopic fungi were both studied within one year and repre- sented 1110 isolates. Dermatophytes were isolated in most of the cases and represented 943 isolations (85 %). The saprotrophic microscopic fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a known causative agent of onychomycosis. In the evaluation including dermatophytes it ended in the 3rd position with 5.2 % of isolations behind Trichophyton rubrum (80 %) and T. mentagrophytes (8 %). Key words: saprotrophic microscopic fungi, dermatophytes, superficial mycose, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Lysková P. (2007): Saprotrofní mikroskopické houby a dermatofyty doprovázející infekce kůže a nehtů u pacientů v Moravskoslezském kraji (Česká republika). – Czech Mycol. 59(1): 125–137. Během 19 měsíců bylo studováno druhové spektrum saprotrofních mikroskopických hub izolova- ných od 245 pacientů v Moravskoslezském kraji (Česká republika).
    [Show full text]
  • Destructans to Cave-Dwelling Relatives Suggests Reduced Saprotrophic Enzyme Activity
    Comparison of the White-Nose Syndrome Agent Pseudogymnoascus destructans to Cave-Dwelling Relatives Suggests Reduced Saprotrophic Enzyme Activity Hannah T. Reynolds*, Hazel A. Barton Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America Abstract White-nose Syndrome (WNS) is an emerging infectious mycosis that has impacted multiple species of North American bats since its initial discovery in 2006, yet the physiology of the causal agent, the psychrophilic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (=Geomyces destructans), is not well understood. We investigated the ability of P. destructans to secrete enzymes that could permit environmental growth or affect pathogenesis and compared enzyme activity across several Pseudogymnoascus species isolated from both hibernating bats and cave sediments. We found that P. destructans produced enzymes that could be beneficial in either a pathogenic or saprotrophic context, such as lipases, hemolysins, and urease, as well as chitinase and cellulases, which could aid in saprotrophic growth. The WNS pathogen showed significantly lower activity for urease and endoglucanase compared to con-generic species (Pseudogymnoascus), which may indicate a shift in selective pressure to the detriment of P. destructans’ saprotrophic ability. Based on the positive function of multiple saprotrophic enzymes, the causal agent of White-nose Syndrome shows potential for environmental growth on a variety of substrates found in caves, albeit at a reduced level compared to environmental strains. Our data suggest that if P. destructans emerged as an opportunistic infection from an environmental source, co-evolution with its host may have led to a reduced capacity for saprotrophic growth. Citation: Reynolds HT, Barton HA (2014) Comparison of the White-Nose Syndrome Agent Pseudogymnoascus destructans to Cave-Dwelling Relatives Suggests Reduced Saprotrophic Enzyme Activity.
    [Show full text]
  • A Stable Backbone for the Fungi
    A stable backbone for the fungi Ingo Ebersberger1, Matthias Gube2, Sascha Strauss1, Anne Kupczok1, Martin Eckart2,3, Kerstin Voigt2,3, Erika Kothe2, and Arndt von Haeseler1 1 Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria 2 Friedrich Schiller University, Institute for Microbiology, Jena, Germany 3 current address: Fungal Reference Centre, Jena, Germany 1 Fungi are abundant in the biosphere. They have fascinated mankind as far as written history goes and have considerably influenced our culture. In biotechnology, cell biology, genetics, and life sciences in general fungi constitute relevant model organisms. Once the phylogenetic relationships of fungi are stably resolved individual results from fungal research can be combined into a holistic picture of biology. However, and despite recent progress1-3, the backbone of the fungal phylogeny is not yet fully resolved. Especially the early evolutionary history of fungi4-6 and the order or below-order relationships within the ascomycetes remain uncertain. Here we present the first phylogenomic study for a eukaryotic kingdom that merges all publicly available fungal genomes and expressed sequence tags (EST) to build a data set comprising 128 genes and 146 taxa. The resulting tree provides a stable phylogenetic backbone for the fungi. Moreover, we present the first formal supertree based on 161 fungal taxa and 128 gene trees. The combined evidences from the trees support the deep-level stability of the fungal groups towards a comprehensive natural system of the fungi. They indicate that the classification of the fungi, especially their alliance with the Microsporidia, requires careful revision.
    [Show full text]