DOCSLIB.ORG

Global Tracking Framework: UNECE Progress in Sustainable Energy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Global Tracking Framework: UNECE Progress in Sustainable Energy UNECE Global Tracking Framework: UNECE Progress in Sustainable Energy The current rate of progress is insuGGJcient to Global Tracking Framework: Framework: Tracking Global achieve the three pillars of SDG7 by 2030 Despite advances in electricity access, challenges of energy aGGordability and quality persist UNECE Progress in Sustainable Energy in Sustainable Energy UNECE Progress Improving energy eGGJciency is the most important enabler for sustainable energy The uptake and investments into renewable energy vary vastly across the UNECE region Indicators need to be reGJned to reGMFct the real imperatives of energy for sustainable development UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Global Tracking Framework: UNECE Progress in Sustainable Energy UNECE ENERGY SERIES No. 49 New York and Geneva, 2017 Note The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of any firm, licensed process or commercial products does not imply endorsement by the United Nations. UNECE/ENERGY/108 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.17.II.E.23 ISBN 978-92-1-117147-1 eISBN 978-92-1-362889-8 ISSN 1014-7225 United Nations publication issued by the Economic Commission for Europe Copyright © United Nations, 2017 All rights reserved worldwide ii Foreword The attainment of the sustainable energy targets in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda) is not on track, either globally or in the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) region. Unless there is a significant acceleration of efforts and outcomes to ensure quality access to energy that is affordable and that meets the environmental, social, and economic imperatives of the 2030 Agenda, the international community will fall short of its ambitions and its commitments. These are the blunt conclusions of the 2017 Global Tracking Framework report prepared by the World Bank and the International Energy Agency with the support of a host of organizations and UN agencies, including the five UN Regional Commissions. UNECE has cooperated with our sister Regional Commissions to prepare analyses for our respective regions and to elaborate a more detailed regional report as a complement to the global report. The analysis for the UNECE region shows that progress differs from the global results, but that attainment in the region still falls short and solutions need to be adapted to national circumstances. Moving beyond the global results allows a more detailed assessment of national and regional conditions. While progress is insufficient in the UNECE region, the report presents case studies and examples showing that member States contributed significantly in proposing solutions to global problems. There is not a single pathway to the future energy system, as each country has its own starting point and distinct options for how to proceed. It is essential for countries to develop their options, to consider both unilaterally and collectively how the objectives of energy for sustainable development might be achieved, and to establish an early warning system signalling if the objectives are likely not to be met. This report is a first step in that process, and a first alert has been issued. This report sets forth the case for a holistic approach that countries must adopt to ensure a sustainable energy future that reconciles a tight emissions pathway with sustainable development aspirations. The approach will involve pursuing synergies and partnerships between low carbon alternatives and traditional fuels in terms of technology, policies, and market structure. Framework conditions are needed to mobilize investments that align with the objectives of the 2030 Agenda and that enable the needed transition. Rational economics and systemic improvements in efficiency throughout the energy chains lie at the heart of transformation to a sustainable energy system. Decision-makers are offered a broader range of forward-looking indicators that cut across the 2030 Agenda from an energy perspective. Energy is intrinsically linked to the success of the 2030 Agenda, and progress needs to be tracked beyond SDG 7 across all energy-related goals. Olga Algayerova Executive Secretary United Nations Economic Commission for Europe iii Acknowledgements This report was made possible through funding from the Sustainable Energy for All Initiative. Country data for SDG 7 indicators were provided by the World Bank and the International Energy Agency (IEA) and their partners. The World Bank oversaw the development of the five regional chapters within the 2017 Global Tracking Framework report. The production of this report was coordinated by UNECE. It could not have been prepared without the support of experts and reviewers from across the UNECE region. UNECE Coordination: Lisa Tinschert Authors: Lead authors: Robert Tromop, Lisa Tinschert Supplementary authorship: Stefanie Held, Michal Drabik, and Harikrishnan Tulsidas of the UNECE Sustainable Energy Division. Further support was provided by Annukka Lipponen and other staff from the UNECE Environment Division, as well as Ilona Gremminger (Universität St. Gallen). Contributors and Reviewers: Through virtual consultation and exchange taking place between 12 December 2016 and 15 July 2017, responses were received from the following reviewers: Mariela A. Stefanllari, President, Human Environment Culture Foundation, Albania; Olga Dovnar, Deputy Chairperson, International Cooperation Unit, National Statistical Committee, Belarus; Andrei Miniankou, Head of Department, Department for Energy Efficiency, State Committee on Standardization, Republic of Belarus; Aleksandr Snetkov, Head of Industrial Statistics Department, National Statistical Committee, Belarus; Vladimir Zui, Professor, Belarusian State University, Belarus; Valentina Ilieva, Official, Energy Strategies and Policies for Sustainable Energy Development Directorate, Ministry of Energy, Bulgaria; Zlatko Pavicic, Independent Expert, Croatia; Matija Vajdic, Senior Researcher, Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar, Croatia; Sigurd Heiberg, Chairperson, Petronavit A.S., Norway; Margalita Arabidze, Head of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Division, Ministry of Energy, Georgia; Anna Sikharulidze, Technical Manager, Sustainable Development Centre Remissia, Georgia; Gogita Todradze, Deputy Executive Director, National Statistics Office, Georgia; Dr. Dr. h.c. Manuela Troschke, IOS Institute for East and Southeast European Studies, University of Regensburg, Germany; Vincent Duijnhouwer, Associate Director, Product & Business Development – Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Team, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Russian Federation; Hannes MacNulty, Development Manager, Sustainable Energy Solutions, BG Consulting and Energineers, Switzerland; Tahmina Mahmud, Independent Expert, Tajikistan; and Maksym Chepeliev, Research Economist, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, United States of America (for Ukraine), Denis Hicks Director / Management Advisor, High Delta Limited, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. iv Acknowledgements In addition, the following UNECE country representatives participated in the technical workshop organized by ESCAP in Bangkok, Thailand on 16 January 2017: Hayk Harutyunyan, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Energy Infrastructures and Natural Resources, Armenia; Vugar Jabbarov, Adviser, Ministry of Energy, Azerbaijan; Margalita Arabidze, Head of Energy Efficiency and Alternative Energy Division, Ministry of Energy, Georgia; Bekbergen Kerey, Deputy Director of Department of International Cooperation and Economic Integration Processes, Ministry of Energy, Kazakhstan; Aleksey Ponomarev, Vice President, Industrial Cooperation and Public Programs, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Russian Fed.; and Ulugbek Agzamov, Head of Division of the Department for UN and International Organizations Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Uzbekistan. A workshop on “Tracking Progress on Energy for Sustainable Development: Data and Indicators” was organized with the other Regional Commissiones at the launch of the global 2017 GTF report in Astana, Kazakhstan on 14 June 2017 with participation of the following stakeholders: Olga Dovnar, Belarus; Mikhail Malashenka, Vice Chairman of the Committee Director of the Department, State Committee for Standardization Department for Energy Efficiency, Belarus; Andrei Malochka, Chief of Department of General Energy, State Enterprise Beltei, Belarus; Andrei Miniankou, Belarus; Ina Yeliseyeva, Head of Information and Analysis Section, Department for Energy Efficiency of the State Committee on Standardization, Belarus; Gogita Todradze, Deputy Executive Director, National Statistics Office of Georgia (GEOSTAT); Hamid Sherwali, Chairperson, Libyan Authority of Renewable Energy, Libya; Ahmad Saleh Abdelkarim Karaki, Project Management Unit, PRCS Hebron, Palestine; Oafa Quteineh, Electrical Engineering Technical Department, HEPCO, Palestine; Dr. Hazir Farouk Abdelraheem Elhaj, Head, Biofuel Research Group, Aeronautical Research Centre, Sudan; Ahmed Muna, Agricultural Technology Transfer Society, Sudan; Nafaa Baccari, Deputy Director of Renewable Energy, ANME, Tunisia;
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Crops of the Biofrontier: in Search of Opportunities for Sustainable Energy Cropping
    WHITE PAPER APRIL 2016 CROPS OF THE BIOFRONTIER: IN SEARCH OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY CROPPING Stephanie Searle, Chelsea Petrenko, Ella Baz, Chris Malins www.theicct.org [email protected] BEIJING | BERLIN | BRUSSELS | SAN FRANCISCO | WASHINGTON ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS With thanks to Pete Harrison, Federico Grati, Piero Cavigliasso, Maria Grissanta Diana, Pier Paolo Roggero, Pasquale Arca, Ana Maria Bravo, James Cogan, Zoltan Szabo, Vadim Zubarev Nikola Trendov, Wendelin Wichtmann, John Van De North, Rebecca Arundale, Jake Becker, Ben Allen, Laura Buffet, Sini Eräjää, and Ariel Brunner. SUGGESTED REFERENCE Searle, S., Petrenko, C., Baz, E. and Malins, C. (2016). Crops of the Biofrontier: In search of opportunities for sustainable energy cropping. Washington D.C.: The International Council on Clean Transportation. ABOUT THIS REPORT We are grateful for the generous support of the European Climate Foundation, which allowed this report to be produced. The International Council on Clean Transportation is an independent nonprofit organization founded to provide first-rate, unbiased research and technical and scientific analysis to environmental regulators. Our mission is to improve the environmental performance and energy efficiency of road, marine, and air transportation, in order to benefit public health and mitigate climate change. Send inquiries about this report to: The International Council on Clean Transportation 1225 I St NW Washington District of Columbia 20005 [email protected] | www.theicct.org | @TheICCT © 2016 International Council on Clean Transportation PREFACE BY THE EUROPEAN CLIMATE FOUNDATION In December 2015, world leaders agreed a new deal for tackling the risks of climate change. Countries will now need to develop strategies for meeting their commitments under the Paris Agreement, largely via efforts to limit deforestation and to reduce the carbon intensity of their economies.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Europe Energy Update – 16Th January, 2019
    Adviesbureau voor Energiestrategie Energy Strategies for Sustainable Development www.energy-strategies.org Eastern Europe Energy Update – 16th January, 2019 A r m e n i a A z e r b a i j a n B e l a r u s G e o r g i a M o l d o v a R u s s i a n F e d e r a t i o n U k r a i n e Armenia Renewable Energy Armenian minister participates in 9th session of IRENA Assembly in Abu Dhabi 15 Jan Energy policy, economic and business news Armenia, UAE to implement joint programs on environment protection 16 Jan ALNOWAIS Arab company interested in Armenia’s energy area 16 Jan EU4Energy Governance newsletter highlights benefits of energy reforms for citizens 10 Jan Electricity MP Alen Simonyan plans to submit bill on electricity tariff to new Parliament 14 Jan Oil & Gas Armenia’s SRC denies media speculation linking inspection of Gazprom-Armenia with rise in price of natural gas 16 Jan Yerevan Council of Elders lowers local duties on sale of liquid fuel and compressed gas 15 Jan Armenia in want of liquid gas 15 Jan Liquefied gas importer: Difficulties with liquefied gas imports caused by weather, transportation issues 14 Jan Interesting developments possible in talks over gas price supplied from Russia – Acting Deputy PM 10 Jan Azerbaijan Renewable Energy Ilham Aliyev Eliminates State Agency for Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources 16 Jan Azerbaijan may arrange deliveries of solar panels to Germany 14 Jan Energy policy, economic and business news Southern Gas Corridor project to be discussed at European Gas Conference 2019 15 Jan Baku to host
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Gas in Fuel & Energy Complex of Belarus
    The role of UGS in natural gas midstream sector of Belarus. Speaker: Viktar Tkachou 1 WOC 2 meeting of the International Gas Union, October, 6-9, 2015, Noviy Urengoy. Natural gas in fuel & energy complex of Belarus. ● Fuel-and-energy resources self-sufficiency is 18 %. ● Import is about 80% of consumable fuel-and-energy resourses. 2 The role of UGS in natural gas midstream sector of Belarus. Natural gas – the main resource in production of electric and heat energy in Belarus. Capacity of power stations in Belarus • total 9 326.012 MW • high pressure CHP 8692.6 MW (93,2%) • small CHP 605.138 MW (6,5 %) • hydroelectric power 26.304 MW (0,3 %) • wind power 1.5 МW (0,0002 %) Source: energo.by Source: iea.org 3 The role of UGS in natural gas midstream sector of Belarus. Natural gas – the most efficient type of energy source in Belarus. The most pure type of organic fuel. Low price of Russian gas for Belarus. 4 The role of UGS in natural gas midstream sector of Belarus. Gas-transport system of Belarus. • 7 gas-main pipelines • single gas pipelines • gas pipeline branches • low pressure distribution networks • 227 gas distribution stations • 3 underground das storages 5 The role of UGS in natural gas midstream sector of Belarus. Gas-transport system of Belarus. 6 The role of UGS in natural gas midstream sector of Belarus. Gas-transport system of Belarus. • Gas supply to consumers of Belarus is carried out via gas-main pipelines system. The total length of gas pipelines is more than 7,9 thousand km.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Europe Energy Update – 24Th January, 2018
    Adviesbureau voor Energiestrategie Energy Strategies for Sustainable Development www.energy-strategies.org Eastern Europe Energy Update – 24th January, 2018 A r m e n i a A z e r b a i j a n B e l a r u s G e o r g i a M o l d o v a R u s s i a n F e d e r a t i o n U k r a i n e Armenia Energy efficiency EU to support more energy efficient projects in the Eastern Partner countries 23 Jan Renewable Energy Six small HPPs to be put into operation in Artsakh 19 Jan Private investor interested in construction of Meghri hydro power plant in Armenia 18 Jan Energy policy, economic and business news Media resources name likely appointee to energy minister’s position 19 Jan Five new EU grant contracts are signed with the €1,74 million contribution to fund five civil society projects 18 Jan Armenian energy minister sends in resignation 17 Jan Electricity EU-organised workshop in Armenia on liberalisation and regulation of electricity market 23 Jan Electricity prices may go down in Armenia – deputy minister 17 Jan Oil & Gas Armenian minister downplays second rise in fuel prices 23 Jan Petrol and diesel prices jump in Armenia again 23 Jan Iran eager to boost gas cooperation with Armenia 22 Jan Armenian PM: Petrol and gas are much cheaper in Armenia than in Georgia 17 Jan Azerbaijan Energy efficiency Aliyev and CEO of Royal Phillips Discuss Application of Energy Saving Technologies in Street Lighting 24 Jan Azerbaijan intends to start use of Royal Phillips’ technology on energy saving 23 Jan Renewable Energy EBRD interested in supporting Azerbaijan to develop renewable energy potential 17 Jan Azerbaijani students developed backpack with solar panels 17 Jan Energy policy, economic and business news Azerbaijan is European partner with stable economy 24 Jan Azerbaijani president meets with European Commission Vice-President for Energy Union 24 Jan President Ilham Aliyev meets with Saudi energy minister 24 Jan Azerbaijan, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cheaper Renewable Alternative for Belarus Issue Paper from INFORSE-Europe1, by Gunnar Boye Olesen, July 2011
    A Cheaper Renewable Alternative for Belarus Issue paper from INFORSE-Europe1, by Gunnar Boye Olesen, July 2011 Summary Following the increasing fossil energy prices, the country of Belarus is struggling to pay the increased energy costs, but has opportunities to reduce the costs, in particular the import costs, by replacing current fossil fuel use with renewable energy and energy efficiency. Belarus has potentials for windpower and large unused potentials for solid biomass in the form of wood and straw, and land for energy plantations. Belarus also has potentials for biogas and solar energy. To all this should be added large potentials for energy efficiency, so Belarus could reduce energy consumption and at the same time become richer by investments in energy efficiency. In Belarus decides to invest in energy efficiency and if it at the same time has an economic growth it can reduce primary energy consumption for heat and electricity 25% or more over the coming two decades. If it at the same time replace the current energy system with a system primarily based on renewable energy, the total energy costs will also go 25% down, but the import can be reduced from about 2.5 bill €/year today to 1 bill. €/year, including imports for investments in the new solutions. As energy prices can be expected to grow, the energy costs will also go up for Belarus. If the current system is continued and gas prices increase to a level following the current gas spot market in Europe, the import costs for Belarus heat and power demand is expected to increase to 3.3 bill.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ever Closer Union? Ramifications of Further Integration Between Belarus and Russia
    An Ever Closer Union? Ramifications of further integration between Belarus and Russia Bob Deen Clingendael Report Barbara Roggeveen Wouter Zweers An Ever Closer Union? Ramifications of further integration between Belarus and Russia Bob Deen Barbara Roggeveen Wouter Zweers Clingendael Report August 2021 Disclaimer: The research for and production of this report have been conducted within the PROGRESS research framework agreement. Responsibility for the contents and for the opinions expressed, rests solely with the authors and does not constitute, nor should be construed as, an endorsement by the Netherlands Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defense. August 2021 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. Cover photo: Russian President Vladimir Putin meets with his Belarusian counterpart Alexander Lukashenko in Sochi, Russia May 28, 2021 © Reuters Unauthorized use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non-commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material. Material on the website of the Clingendael Institute may be reproduced or publicly displayed, distributed or used for any public and non-commercial purposes, but only by mentioning the Clingendael Institute as its source. Permission is required to use the logo of the Clingendael Institute. This can be obtained by contacting the Communication desk of the Clingendael Institute ([email protected]). The following web link activities are prohibited by the Clingendael Institute and may present trademark and copyright infringement issues: links that involve unauthorized use of our logo, framing, inline links, or metatags, as well as hyperlinks or a form of link disguising the URL.
    [Show full text]
  • Project: “Enhancing Synergies in Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) National Programmes on Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving for Greater Energy Security”
    Project: “Enhancing Synergies in Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) National Programmes on Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving for Greater Energy Security” Regional study “Analysis of policies of CIS countries on improving energy efficiency and potential for developing cooperation and enhancing synergies in the CIS region” List of abbreviations: AC Agricultural complex GDP Gross Domestic Product CES The Common Economic Space CHP Central Heat and Power/Thermal Power Station CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CIS UEM CIS Unified Electricity Market COP Coefficient of Performance EU European Union EE Energy Efficiency EM Energy Mix ES Energy Saving ESCO Energy Service Company FERs Fuel and Energy Resources HCS Housing and Community Services LTF Local types of fuel (non-imported) MW Megawatt PES Primary Energy Sources PPP Purchasing Power Parity R&D Research and Development RES Renewable Energy Sources SCO The Shanghai Cooperation Organization t.o.e. tons of oil equivalent t.f.e. tons of fuel equivalent TWh Terawatt-hour IMF International Monetary Fund JSC Joint Stock Company kWh kilowatt-hour UN United Nations Organization UNDP United Nations Development Programme UN ECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe The United Nations Economic and Social Commission UN ESCAP for Asia and the Pacific 2 3 Project: “Scaling upthe synergetic effect of the CIS member-states` national programs on energy efficiency and energy saving for energy security” ............................................................................... 1 Regional study “Analysis of the CIS member-states` policies on increasing energy efficiency and potential for development of cooperation in the CIS region to achieve the synergy effect” .................. 1 List of abbreviations: ......................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter I.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Energy for All in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia
    SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL IN EASTERN EUROPE, THE CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA. ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL CASE STUDIES Alexandre CHACHINE Consultant Geneva– 2019 1 CONTENTS CONTENTS…………………………………………………………. 2 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS………………………… 3 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………… 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ……………………………………………… 8 1. BASELINE STATUS OF THE COUNTRIES ENERGY SECTOR… 9 1.1 AZERBAIJAN…………………………………………………… 9 1.2 BELARUS……………………………………………………… 12 1.3 GEORGIA…………………………………………………………… 16 1.4 KAZAKHSTAN…………………………………………………… 20 1.5 KYRGYZSTAN…………………………………………………… 24 2. ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING BEST PRACTICES IN SUSTAINABLE ENERGY……………………………………………………………… 27 2.1 AZERBAIJAN…………………………………………………… 27 2.2 BELARUS………………………………………………………… 31 2.3 GEORGIA………………………………………………………… 35 2.4 KAZAKHSTAN…………………………………………………… 40 2.5 KYRGYZSTAN…………………………………………………… 46 3. ANALYSIS OF GAPS AND CHALLENGES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PRACTICES… 49 3.1 AZERBAIJAN…………………………………………………… 49 3.2 BELARUS…………………………………………………………… 50 3.3 GEORGIA………………………………………………………… 52 3.5 KAZAKHSTAN…………………………………………………… 53 3.6 KYRGYZSTAN………………………………………………. … 56 4. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REVIEWED CASE STUDIES AND RANKING OF COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF PROGRESS TO ACHIEVE THE SEforALL OBJETIVES………………………. 59 4.1 Institutional Framework………………………………………….. 61 4.2 Regulatory Framework…………………………………………… 66 4.3 Progress Ranking…………………………………………………. 76 5. ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPLYING BEST PRACTICES ……………………..…………… 81 5.1 Best Policy Practices………………………………………….. 88 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Ren21 Unece Renewable Energy Status Report 2017 1 Foreword
    RENEWABLE ENERGY UNECE STATUS REPORT 2017 PARTNER ORGANISATIONS The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) REN21 is the global renewable energy policy multi-stakeholder was set up in 1947 by ECOSOC. network that connects a wide range of key actors. REN21’s goal is to facilitate knowledge exchange, policy development and UNECE's major aim is to promote pan-European economic joint actions towards a rapid global transition to renewable integration. To do so, it brings together 56 countries located energy. in the European Union, non-EU Western and Eastern Europe, South East Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent REN21 brings together governments, non-governmental States (CIS) and North America. All of these countries dialogue organisations, research and academic institutions, international and cooperate under the aegis of UNECE on economic and organisations and industry to learn from one another and build sectoral issues. However, all interested United Nations on successes that advance renewable energy. To assist policy member States may participate in the work of UNECE. Over decision making, REN21 provides high-quality information, 70 international professional organizations and other non- catalyses discussion and debate and supports the development governmental organizations take part in UNECE activities. of thematic networks. SUPPORTED BY The International Energy Agency (IEA) provided invaluable Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) drew from its global co-operation in verifying data and conducting analysis on dataset to provide crucial data on renewable energy investment countries’ energy situations in this report. in the covered countries. The IEA is an autonomous organisation which works to ensure BNEF has 200 staff based in London, New York, Beijing, Cape reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 29 member Town, Hong Kong, Munich, New Delhi, San Francisco, São Paulo, countries and beyond.
    [Show full text]
  • IAEA TECDOC SERIES INPRO Assessment of the Planned Nuclear System of Belarus Energy
    IAEA TECDOC 1716 IAEA TECDOC 1716 IAEA TECDOC SERIES INPRO Assessment of the Planned Nuclear Energy System of Belarus Assessment of the Planned Nuclear INPRO TECDOC No. 1716 INPRO Assessment of the Planned Nuclear Energy System of Belarus A report of the International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna ISBN 978–92–0–112110–3 ISSN 1011–4289 @ INPRO ASSESSMENT OF THE PLANNED NUCLEAR ENERGY SYSTEM OF BELARUS The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GUATEMALA PANAMA ALBANIA HAITI PAPUA NEW GUINEA ALGERIA HOLY SEE PARAGUAY ANGOLA HONDURAS PERU ARGENTINA HUNGARY PHILIPPINES ARMENIA ICELAND POLAND AUSTRALIA INDIA PORTUGAL AUSTRIA INDONESIA AZERBAIJAN IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF QATAR BAHRAIN IRAQ REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BANGLADESH IRELAND ROMANIA BELARUS ISRAEL RUSSIAN FEDERATION BELGIUM ITALY Rwanda BELIZE JAMAICA SAUDI ARABIA BENIN JAPAN SENEGAL BOLIVIA JORDAN SERBIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA KAZAKHSTAN SEYCHELLES BOTSWANA KENYA SIERRA LEONE BRAZIL KOREA, REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA KUWAIT SINGAPORE BURKINA FASO KYRGYZSTAN SLOVAKIA BURUNDI LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC SLOVENIA CAMBODIA REPUBLIC SOUTH AFRICA CAMEROON LATVIA SPAIN CANADA LEBANON SRI LANKA CENTRAL AFRICAN LESOTHO SUDAN REPUBLIC LIBERIA SWAZILAND CHAD LIBYA SWEDEN CHILE LIECHTENSTEIN SWITZERLAND CHINA LITHUANIA COLOMBIA LUXEMBOURG SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC CONGO MADAGASCAR TAJIKISTAN COSTA RICA MALAWI THAILAND CÔTE D’IVOIRE MALAYSIA THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CROATIA MALI REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Sector in Belarus: Focus on Wood and Peat Fuels
    Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 171 http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2010/mwp171.htm ISBN 978-951-40-2251-7 (PDF) ISSN 1795-150X Energy sector in Belarus: Focus on wood and peat fuels Yuri Gerasimov www.metla.fi Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 171 http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2010/mwp171.htm Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute publishes preliminary research results and conference proceedings. The papers published in the series are not peer-reviewed. The papers are published in pdf format on the Internet only. http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/ ISSN 1795-150X Office Post Box 18 FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland tel. +358 10 2111 fax +358 10 211 2101 e-mail [email protected] Publisher Finnish Forest Research Institute Post Box 18 FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland tel. +358 10 2111 fax +358 10 211 2101 e-mail [email protected] http://www.metla.fi/ 2 Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 171 http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2010/mwp171.htm Authors Gerasimov, Yuri Title Energy sector in Belarus: Focus on wood and peat fuels Year Pages ISBN ISSN 2010 62 978-951-40-2251-7 (PDF) 1795-150X Unit / Research programme / Projects Joensuu Unit / 7395 Central and Eastern European Forest Information Service Accepted by Timo Karjalainen, Professor, 8.9.2010 Abstract The energy sector in Belarus makes up approximately 30% of the industrial structure of the country. The role of the sector is large both in exports (36% of the total export value) and imports (39% of the total import value).
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Renewable Energy
    German Economic Team in Belarus 76 Zakharova Str., 220088 Minsk, Belarus. Tel./fax: +375 (17) 236 1147, 236 4395 E-mail: [email protected]. Internet: http://research.by/ PP/10/05 Guidelines for Renewable Energy Policy in Belarus Summary In this paper we discuss the role that renewable energy sources (RES) can play in a sustainable energy policy in Belarus, and the opportunities and threats that are posed by RES policy. RES could contribute to increasing energy security in Belarus. While increasing energy efficiency is clearly of paramount importance, increased use of RES has the potential to contribute to reduced dependence on imported sources of energy. RES have the added advantage of providing environmental benefits that are not only intrinsically important but might also generate tangible economic benefits for Belarus via the Kyoto Protocol. Finally, RES provide interesting opportunities in particular for agricul- ture and rural areas. However, developing the full potential of RES in Belarus is a long term proposition. It will require considerable investment in research, generating facilities and infrastruc- ture. The key challenges that must be faced are primarily economic and less technical in nature. With few exceptions, RES are more expensive than traditional fossil fuels. The combination of climbing international energy prices and continued technological progress in harnessing RES are increasing the relative competitiveness of RES. Never- theless, RES will not provide ‘cheap’ energy. Policy can foster the development of RES, but policy makers must avoid a number of pitfalls. In particular, support must be of limited duration and flexible in nature to avoid ‘locking in’ varieties of RES and particular technologies that may appear promis- ing today but could just as well end up being supplanted by other varieties and new technologies in the future.
    [Show full text]