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Progress in the Areas of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Selected Countries of the UNECE Region

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Progress in the Areas of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Selected Countries of the UNECE Region UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Progress in the Areas of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Selected Countries of the UNECE Region ECE ENERGY SERIES No.59 Geneva, 2019 PROGRESS IN THE AREAS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF THE UNECE REGION © 2019 United Nations All rights reserved worldwide Requests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the Copyright Clearance Center at copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to: United Nations Publications, 300 East 42nd St, New York, NY 10017, United States of America. Email: [email protected]; website: un.org/publications The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ECE/ENERGY/120 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.19.II.E.34 ISBN: 978-92-1-117214-0 eISNB:978-92-1-004372-4 ISSN :1014-7225 II FOREWORD FOREWORD Sustainable Development Goal 7 calls for ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all by 2030. The targets of SDG 7 include increasing substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix and doubling the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency. This publication explores the progress in energy efficiency and renewable energy in selected countries of South-Eastern Europe, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and in the Russian Federation. The study analyzes policy, legislative and regulatory frameworks, financial environment and level of awareness in the areas of energy efficiency and renewable energy from 2010 to the present. It also identifies existing gaps in the required frameworks and environment to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy investments in the respective country. This study is intended to support countries in their ongoing efforts to improve energy efficiency and build a strong renewable energy base. It recommends necessary steps to achieve the countries’ long-term objectives. Progress in the countries is uneven. Energy intensities remain high despite reductions in recent years, and the countries have tremendous untapped renewable energy potential. Countries continue to face a number of legislative, policy, economic and financial barriers that impede significant improvements in energy efficiency and/or increased uptake of renewable energy. The Governments must address these barriers and deploy consistent and coherent energy policies and measures. Identifying and implementing such policies and measures can increase investment and financing flows to energy efficiency and renewable energy projects. Olga Algayerova Executive Secretary United Nations Economic Commission for Europe III PROGRESS IN THE AREAS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF THE UNECE REGION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS From 2007–2014, UNECE executed a project Financing Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Investments for Climate Change Mitigation. The final report of this project provides a basis for assessment of developments since 2010 in the areas of energy efficiency and renewable energy in selected countries. Nadejda Khamrakulova is the main author of this study. Oleg Dzioubinski and Scott Foster contributed to this publication. Valuable contributions have been received from the following organizations and experts: ■ The UNECE Group of Experts on Energy Efficiency, the UNECE Group of Experts on Renewable Energy and respondents to the Survey on the Progress in the Areas of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. In particular, contributions and comments from Miloš Banjac, Vladimir Berdin, Dimitar Dukov, Aleksandar Dukovski, Kostiantyn Gura, Zdravko Genchev, Željko Jurić, Artan Leskoviku, Artem Makarov, Pavel Manchev, Boris Melnichuk, Andrey Miniankou, Tatyana Pospelova, Yury Posysaev, Sergiu Robu, Antonela Solujić, Biljana Trivanovic, Dragomir Tzanev and Grigory Yulkin are gratefully acknowledged. ■ Participants of the Workshop on Overcoming Barriers to Improving Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Kiev, 15 November 2018) at the Ninth International Forum on Energy for Sustainable Development where information contained in the draft of this study was presented. IV CONTENTS Contents FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................................................. III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... IV ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................................... X SIGNS AND MEASURES .......................................................................................................................................... XI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................................XII INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... XV Chapter I: OVERVIEW OF PROGRESS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY .................................................................................................................. 1 Policy, Regulatory and Institutional Reforms ..........................................................................................................1 Framework legislation and main policy documents ............................................................................2 Secondary legislation .......................................................................................................................................4 Institutional framework ...................................................................................................................................5 Enhanced Capacity of Stakeholders in the Countries ..........................................................................................7 Best Practices Developed and Introduced ...............................................................................................................9 Best policy practices .........................................................................................................................................9 Best practices in project development .....................................................................................................10 Best approaches to investments into EE and RE projects ..................................................................11 Innovative financing instruments ...............................................................................................................12 Awareness Raising among General Public .............................................................................................................13 Developed and Financed Projects ............................................................................................................................15 Main incentives for development of the EE and RE projects ............................................................15 Project financing ..............................................................................................................................................16 Government, public programmes and funds supporting EE and RE investments ...................16 Financing schemes ..........................................................................................................................................18 Commercial financing ....................................................................................................................................19 Technical assistance for project development, implementation and financing .......................20 Energy service market ....................................................................................................................................23 Chapter II: PROCESSES BENEFICIAL FOR THE COUNTRIES ...........................................27 International Projects ....................................................................................................................................................27 Promoting Energy Efficiency Investments for Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainable Development .............................................................................................................................27 Promoting Renewable Energy Investments for Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainable Development .............................................................................................................................29 V PROGRESS IN THE AREAS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF THE UNECE REGION Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia ............30 Energy Efficiency Standards in Buildings in the UNECE Region ......................................................30 International Events and Meetings ...........................................................................................................................31 International Forum on Energy for Sustainable Development ........................................................31
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