The World Factbook Europe :: France Introduction
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Comparative Politics
Dr.Rishu Raj Assistant professor Department of Political Science M.M.College(P.U) [email protected] COMPARATIVE POLITICS Comparative study of The Constitution of Switzerland and France THE SWISS PARLIAMENT The Federal Assembly THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY • The Federal Assembly is the legislative power of Switzerland. Its two chambers – the National Council and the Council of States –have the same powers but meet separately. Federal Assembly The National The Council Council of States The National Council • The National Council, or “lower chamber”, represents the people and comprises 200 members who are elected by popular vote for a four-year term. The number of representatives sent by each canton depends on the size of its population. As a rule of thumb, each canton may send one elected representative to the National Council for roughly every 40,000 inhabitants. • The Federal Constitution guarantees at least one seat per canton, even if the canton has fewer than 40,000 residents. The cantons of Appenzell-Ausserrhoden, AppenzellInnerrhoden, Obwalden, Nidwalden, Uri and Glarus send one National Council member each, whereas Zurich, the most heavily populated canton, currently has 35 seats. The Council of States • The Council of States, or “upper chamber”, represents the cantons and comprises 46 members, who are also elected directly by the people for a four-year term. Regardless of their population size, the cantons send two deputies, with the exception of the six half-cantons of AppenzellAusserrhoden, Appenzell-Innerrhoden, Obwalden, Nidwalden, Basel-Stadt and Basel-Land, which send one deputy each. • Council of States deputies represent their cantons but are not bound by any instructions from their cantonal government or parliament. -
The French Revolution Student Text
The French Revolution PREVIEWDistribution Student Text for Not Copyright and Permissions This document is licensed for single-teacher use. The purchase of this curriculum unit includes permission to make copies of the Student Text and appropriate student handouts from the Teacher Resource Book for use in your own classroom. Duplication of this document for the purpose of resale or other distribution is prohibited. Permission is not granted to post this document for use online. Our Digital Editions are designed for this purpose. See www.choices.edu/digital for information and pricing. The Choices Program curriculum units are protected by copyright. If you would like to use material from a Choices unit in your own work, please contact us for permission. PREVIEWDistribution for Not Acknowledgments The French Revolution was developed by the Choices Program with the assistance of scholars at Brown University and other experts in the field. We wish to thank the following researchers for their invaluable input to this and previous editions: Jonathan Beecher Professor of History, Emeritus University of California at Santa Cruz Abbott Gleason Professor of History, Emeritus Deparment of History, Brown University Sharon Larson Associate Professor of French, Christopher Newport University PREVIEWDistribution All maps by Alexander Sayer Gard-Murray. Cover graphic includes the following artwork: “Storming of the Bastille,” unidentified painter, Public Domain, https://commons. wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6882732; “Contemporary Illustration of the -
IS LAÏCIT ´E the CIVIL RELIGION of FRANCE? According to Robert
\\jciprod01\productn\J\JLE\41-4\JLE402.txt unknown Seq: 1 14-MAR-11 11:25 IS LAICIT¨ E´ THE CIVIL RELIGION OF FRANCE? BLANDINE CHELINI-PONT* According to Robert Bellah, in his article, “Civil Religion in America,” civil religion is a combination of collective rituals that reveal a devotion to the unity of a nation and a national mythology made up of a diffusion of beliefs and representations that consti- tute the dominant mental attitudes of a society.1 Civil religion has its own unique history and its own mythical or providential origins. It allows the population of a country to identify itself as such. It gives a national group the feeling of belonging, attachment, and a common sense of pride.2 From this definition, Bellah considers civil religion a real religion, which he calls a “national faith.”3 The famous French intellectual Regis´ Debray believes that there is something more primitive and invincible beyond this faith, a state of very elaborate feelings of belonging that he calls le sacre´, “the sacred.”4 According to Debray, the sacred “allows a group of * Assistant Professor in Contemporary History, Universite´ Paul Cezanne´ of Aix-en- Provence, France. Ph.D. 1994, Institut d’Etudes´ Politiques de Paris. She works on the contemporary changes of the French la¨ıcite´ concept and national mythologies and their connection with constitutional foundations. See, e.g., JEREMY GUNN & BLANDINE CHELINI- PONT, DIEU EN FRANCE ET AUX ETATS-UNIS: QUAND LES MYTHES FONT LA LOI (2005). She is also responsible for the Law and Religion Program of the Faculty of Law and Political Science of University Paul Cezanne´ and edits an annual review, Annuaire Droit et Religion. -
Constitution of October 4, 1958
CONSTITUTION OF OCTOBER 4, 1958 1 CONTENTS PREAMBLE TITLE I - On Sovereignty (art. 2 to 4) TITLE II - The President of the Republic (art. 5 to 19) TITLE III - The Government (art. 20 to 23) TITLE IV - Parliament (art. 24 to 33) TITLE V - On Relations between Parliament and the Government (art. 34 to 51) TITLE VI - On Treaties and International Agreements (art. 52 to 55) TITLE VII - The Constitutional Council (art. 56 to 63) TITLE VIII - On Judicial Authority (art. 64 to 66-1) TITLE IX - The High Court (art. 67 and 68) TITLE X - On the Criminal Liability of Members of the Government (art. 68-1 to 68-3) TITLE XI - The Economic, Social and Environmental Council (art. 69 to 71) TITLE XI A - The Defender of Rights (art. 71-1) TITLE XII - On Territorial Communities (art. 72 to 75) TITLE XIII - Transitional Provisions relating to New Caledonia (art. 76 to 77) TITLE XIV - On Association Agreements (art. 88) TITLE XV - On the European Communities and the European Union (art. 88-1 to 88-7) TITLE XVI - On Amendments to the Constitution (art. 89) TITLE XVII (Repealed) 2 CONSTITUTION The Government of the Republic, in accordance with the Constitutional statute of June 3rd 1958, has proposed, The French people have adopted, The President of the Republic hereby promulgates the Constitutional statute worded as follows : PREAMBLE The French people solemnly proclaim their attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789, confirmed and complemented by the Preamble to the Constitution of 1946, and to the rights and duties as defined in the Charter for the Environment of 2004. -
Poujade and Poujadolf: Fears of Fascism in France's Fourth Republic
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CU Scholar Institutional Repository University of Colorado, Boulder CU Scholar Undergraduate Honors Theses Honors Program Spring 2015 Poujade and Poujadolf: Fears of Fascism in France’s Fourth Republic Wojciech J. Owczarek [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.colorado.edu/honr_theses Part of the European History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Owczarek, Wojciech J., "Poujade and Poujadolf: Fears of Fascism in France’s Fourth Republic" (2015). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 820. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Honors Program at CU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of CU Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POUJADE AND POUJADOLF: Fears of Fascism in France’s Fourth Republic Wojciech J. Owczarek History Departmental Honors Thesis University of Colorado, Boulder April 7, 2015 Advisor: Martha Hanna | History Defense Committee: Abby Hickcox | Honors Fred Anderson | History ABSTRACT The Poujadist Movement, which began as a protest of shopkeepers in southern France in 1953 and rose to national prominence in the elections of January, 1956, was, at the time of its political activity, accused by its critics of fascism. While analyses of the Poujadists have generally focused on the movement’s ideological characteristics to evaluate its possible fascism or its classification as a member of the French far right, I look at Pierre Poujade and the label of fascism in the context of the postwar political climate and the politicized memory of the French Resistance. -
France's Constitution of 1958 with Amendments Through 2008
PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:28 constituteproject.org France's Constitution of 1958 with Amendments through 2008 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:28 Table of contents Preamble . 3 Title I: ON SOVEREIGNTY . 3 Title II: THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC . 4 Title III: THE GOVERNMENT . 8 Title IV: PARLIAMENT . 9 Title V: ON RELATIONS BETWEEN PARLIAMENT AND THE GOVERNMENT . 11 Title VI: ON TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS . 17 Title VII: THE CONSTITUTIONAL COUNCIL . 19 Title VIII: ON JUDICIAL AUTHORITY . 20 Title IX: THE HIGH COURT . 22 Title X: ON THE CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF THE GOVERNMENT . 22 Title XI: THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL . 23 Title XI-A: THE DEFENDER OF RIGHTS . 24 Title XII: ON TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES . 24 Title XIII: TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS PERTAINING TO NEW CALEDONIA . 28 Title XIV: ON THE FRENCH-SPEAKING WORLD AND ON ASSOCIATION AGREEMENTS . 29 Title XV: ON THE EUROPEAN UNION . 29 Title XVI: ON AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION . 31 Title XVII . 31 DECLARATION OF HUMAN AND CIVIC RIGHTS OF 26 AUGUST 1789 . 31 PREAMBLE TO THE CONSTITUTION OF 27 OCTOBER 1946 . 34 CHARTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT . 35 France 1958 (rev. 2008) Page 2 constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:28 Preamble The French people solemnly proclaim their attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789, confirmed and complemented by the Preamble to the Constitution of 1946, and to the rights and duties as defined in the Charter for the Environment of 2004. -
Rewriting the Twentieth-Century French Literary Right: Translation, Ideology, and Literary History
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses Dissertations and Theses March 2017 Rewriting the Twentieth-century French Literary Right: Translation, Ideology, and Literary History Marcus Khoury University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2 Part of the French and Francophone Literature Commons, and the Translation Studies Commons Recommended Citation Khoury, Marcus, "Rewriting the Twentieth-century French Literary Right: Translation, Ideology, and Literary History" (2017). Masters Theses. 469. https://doi.org/10.7275/9468894 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/469 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REWRITING THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY FRENCH LITERARY RIGHT: TRANSLATION, IDEOLOGY, AND LITERARY HISTORY A Thesis Presented by MARCUS KHOURY Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS February 2017 Comparative Literature Translation Studies Track Department of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures © Copyright by Marcus Khoury 2017 All Rights Reserved REWRITING THE TWENTIETH-CENTURY FRENCH LITERARY RIGHT: TRANSLATION, IDEOLOGY, AND LITERARY HISTORY A Thesis -
Fascism, Liberalism and Europeanism in the Political Thought of Bertrand
5 NIOD STUDIES ON WAR, HOLOCAUST, AND GENOCIDE Knegt de Jouvenel and Alfred Fabre-Luce Alfred and Jouvenel de in the Thought Political of Bertrand Liberalism andFascism, Europeanism Daniel Knegt Fascism, Liberalism and Europeanism in the Political Thought of Bertrand de Jouvenel and Alfred Fabre-Luce Fascism, Liberalism and Europeanism in the Political Thought of Bertrand de Jouvenel and Alfred Fabre-Luce NIOD Studies on War, Holocaust, and Genocide NIOD Studies on War, Holocaust, and Genocide is an English-language series with peer-reviewed scholarly work on the impact of war, the Holocaust, and genocide on twentieth-century and contemporary societies, covering a broad range of historical approaches in a global context, and from diverse disciplinary perspectives. Series Editors Karel Berkhoff, NIOD Thijs Bouwknegt, NIOD Peter Keppy, NIOD Ingrid de Zwarte, NIOD and University of Amsterdam International Advisory Board Frank Bajohr, Center for Holocaust Studies, Munich Joan Beaumont, Australian National University Bruno De Wever, Ghent University William H. Frederick, Ohio University Susan R. Grayzel, The University of Mississippi Wendy Lower, Claremont McKenna College Fascism, Liberalism and Europeanism in the Political Thought of Bertrand de Jouvenel and Alfred Fabre-Luce Daniel Knegt Amsterdam University Press This book has been published with a financial subsidy from the European University Institute. Cover illustration: Pont de la Concorde and Palais Bourbon, seat of the French parliament, in July 1941 Source: Scherl / Bundesarchiv Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Typesetting: Crius Group, Hulshout Amsterdam University Press English-language titles are distributed in the US and Canada by the University of Chicago Press. isbn 978 94 6298 333 5 e-isbn 978 90 4853 330 5 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789462983335 nur 686 / 689 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The author / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2017 Some rights reserved. -
General Comparitive View of the French Constitution
GENERAL COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE FRENCH CONSTITUTION ROLAND DRAGO* The French Constitution of October 4, 1958 is about to enter its third year and it is already possible to give a comprehensive opinion of the form of government which it has instituted. The cur- rent government is popularly called the Fifth Republic though there has been no break, with regard to fundamental principles, from the government which preceded it. A reading of the text submitted to public referendum on the 28th of September might already have shown what idealogical basis the new constitution had in the mind of General de Gaulle. It indicates also what precedents in recent parliamentary projects or in compara- tive constitutional law were influential. But for two years this text, more than any other, has been put to the test of events. To be sure, in constitutional law, practices, customs, traditions and habits play a role almost as important as the text itself. And it is always in the first years of a regime that these practices are created and this custom is born. The government which arose from the constitution of 1958, however, has taken a direction rather different from what one might have suspected from simply reading it. This evolution is no doubt due in part to the personality of General de Gaulle, who was elected president of the Republic. But it is due perhaps just as much to a general tendency of the present era, in democratic countries, to strengthen the executive branch of government, a tendency which owes as much to technological motives as to the general evolution of the position of nations in the world. -
The French Revolution
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION “A lucid and lively introduction . Students wishing to explore the frontiers of research in the subject can be reliably advised to start here.” William Doyle, University of Bristol The French Revolution is a collection of key texts at the forefront of current research and interpretation, challenging orthodox assumptions concerning the origins, development, and long-term historical consequences of the Revolution. The volume includes a clear and thorough introduction by the editor which contextualises the historiographical controversies, especially those dating from 1989. The articles are woven into a sophisticated narrative, which covers areas including the inevitability of the Terror, subsequent issues for nineteenth-century French history, the intellectual connection, the later role of Napoleon, and the feminist dimension. Gary Kates is Chair of the History Department at Trinity University, Texas. He is author of Monsieur d’Eon is a Woman (1995), The Cercle Social, the Girondins and the French Revolution (1985) and is an advisory editor for Eighteen-century Studies. Rewriting Histories focuses on historical themes where standard conclusions are facing a major challenge. Each book presents 8 to 10 papers (edited and annotated where necessary) at the forefront of current research and interpretation, offering students an accessible way to engage with contemporary debates. Series editor Jack R. Censer is Professor of History at George Mason University. REWRITING HISTORIES Series editor: Jack R. Censer Already published THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WORK IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE Edited by Lenard R. Berlanstein SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN THE SLAVE SOUTH Edited by J. William Harris ATLANTIC AMERICAN SOCIETIES From Columbus through Abolition Edited by J.R. -
Combating Corruption
Combating Corruption Constitutional Frameworks for the Middle East and North Africa Combating Corruption: Constitutional Frameworks for the Middle East and North Africa Combating Corruption: Constitutional Frameworks for the the Middle East and North Africa Center for Constitutional Transitions, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance and the United Nations Development Project Project Leads: Sujit Choudhry, Founding Director, Center for Constitutional Transisions, I. Michael Heyman Professor of Law and Dean, University of California, Berkeley Richard Stacey, Director of Research, Center for Constitutional Transitions, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto Project Team Members: Christopher Beshara, Casey Downing, Matthew Holbreich, Poonam Singh © Copyright 2014 Center for Constitutional Transitions, International IDEA and the United Nations Development Programme The electronic version of this publication (excluding the cover photos) is available under a Creative Commons License (CCI) – Creative Commons Attribute-Non Commercial- Share Alike 3.0 Licence. International IDEA publications are independent of specific national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA, its Board or its Council members. ISBN: 978-91-87729-88-1 What is International IDEA? The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) is an intergovernmental organization with a mission to support sustainable democracy -
French Revolution- Work of National Assembly (1789-91) and Legislative Assembly (1791-92)
FRENCH REVOLUTION- WORK OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (1789-91) AND LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (1791-92) Objectives: 1. To understand the problems faced by the National Assembly (1789-91) and the Legislative Assembly (1791-92). 2. To study the various achievements of the National and Legislative Assemblies. 1. Introduction: When Louis XVI could not solve the problem of financial crisis he abolished all the parlements in a general restructuring of the judiciary. Public response to the actions of the king was strong and even violent. People began to ignore royal edicts and assault royal officials. Pamphlets denouncing despotism began to flood the country. At the same time, people began to demand for an immediate meeting of the Estates-General to deal with the crisis. The Estates-General was a consultative assembly composed of representatives from the three French estates, or legally defined social classes: clergy, nobility, and commoners. It had last been convened in 1614. Under increasing political pressure and faced with the total collapse of its finances Louis XVI reluctantly agreed to convene the Estates General. The king hoped that the Estates General might pull the state out of the deplorable situation and that it might help in replenishing the empty treasury. Within a short period the Estates General was converted into the National Assembly, which also came to be known as the Constituent Assembly. 1.2. Cahiers: During the early months of 1789, the three estates prepared for the coming meeting by selecting deputies and drawing up cahiers des doléances (lists of grievances). These lists reflected overwhelming agreement in favor of limiting the power of the king and his administrators through a constitution and establishing a permanent legislative assembly.