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Canadian Film Anc Television an Excerpt from Take One's Essential Guide to Canadian Film • EDITED by WYNDHAM WISE

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Canadian Film Anc Television an Excerpt from Take One's Essential Guide to Canadian Film • EDITED by WYNDHAM WISE Canadian Film anc Television An Excerpt from Take One's Essential Guide To Canadian Film • EDITED BY WYNDHAM WISE In conjunction with Take One's 10th anniversary, the University of Toronto Press is publish- ing Take One's Essential Guide to Canadian Film, the most exhaustive and up—to—date reference book on Canadian film and filmmakers, combining 700 reviews and biographical listings with a detailed chronology of major events in Canadian film and television history. Complied by myself, with a foreward by director Patricia Rozema, this is the only reference book of its kind published in English. Wynd ham Wise Take One's Essential able, a brief career overview and a filmogra- Guide to Canadian phy. Take One's Essential Guide is by no means Film had its gene- complete. It is a start, a work in progress that sis in an issue I will grow with each new edition. Some names put together in the summer of 1996 for Take and films have been omitted due both to space One's celebration of the 100th anniversary of constraints and the availability of the films to Canadian cinema. This issue featured 100 of be viewed (always a problem when it comes the most famous Canadians to have made a to Canadian cinema). It is my intention that living in film, whether at home, in Hollywood they will be included in future editions. or abroad; it engendered a shock of recogni- Take One's Essential Guide to Canadian Film tion. From the stars of silent movies, such as would not have been possible without the Walter Huston, Mary Pickford, Norma helpful assistance and encouragement of Eve Shearer, Fay Wray and Marie Dressler, to our Goldin, senior library technician at The Film current crop of star directors, including Reference Library, Toronto, and contributions Rozema, Robert Lepage, Guy Maddin, Atom from members of Take One's editorial board Egoyan, David Cronenberg and Denys including: Tom McSorley, the executive direc- Arcand, Canadians have made an important, tor of the Canadian Film Institute in Ottawa; but largely unrecorded contribution to the Maurie Alioff, professor at Vanier College in history of cinema. Montreal where he teaches screenwriting; Each film title in Take One's Essential Guide is Cynthia Amsden, editor-in-chief of listed with credits, a mini review and signifi- Canadian Weeklies Syndicate; and Matthew cant awards. Biographical listings of directors, Hays, the associate editor of the Montreal producers, actors, writers, animators, cine- weekly Mirror. The following chronology matographers, distributors, exhibitors and (edited for length) is an excerpt from the independent filmmakers are accompanied by Essential Guide, portions of which originally date and place of birth, date of death if applic- appeared in Take One Nos. 12 and 20. 38 SEPTEMBER 2001 TAKE ONE'S TEN BEST CANADIAN FILMS 1896 1911 *The first public screening of a film in *Ontario (followed soon after by Quebec and Canada takes place on June 28, in Manitoba) establishes a Board of Censors to The Apprenticeship of Montreal. In July, the Holland brothers intro- regulate the content of motion pictures, the duce Edison's Vitascope to the Canadian first in North America. Duddy Kravitz public in Ottawa's West End Park. Among *The Aliens open their first luxury theatre — (Ted Kotcheff, 1974) the scenes shown is The Kiss, starring May the 800—seat Allen Theatre in Calgary. Irwin, an actress from Whitby, Ontario. On August 31 the first screening in Toronto 1912 Les Bons Debarras takes place at Robinson's Musee on Yonge *Quebec—born Mack Sennett releases the Street. first shorts made by his newly formed (Francis Mankiewicz, 1980) Keystone Studios in Los Angeles. 1897 *Adolph Zukor forms Famous Players in *The first films are shot in Canada. The sub- Famous Plays Film Company in New York. ject of all three films (for Lumiere, Edison and Biograph) is Niagara Falls. 1913 *Films are screened in vaudeville theatres *Evangeline, the first Canadian feature, is by travelling showmen who tour them from shot in Nova Scotia by the Bioscope city to city. Company. *Boards of censors are established in British 1898 Columbia and Alberta. *The Massey—Harris Company of Toronto commissions the Edison Company to pro- 1914 duce films to promote its products. This was *At the outbreak of the First World War, the the first use of film for advertising purposes. failure of the United States to enter the war Dead Ringers *In December, John Schuberg presents results in a swell of anti—Americanism. films in Vancouver for the first time. (David Cronenberg. 1988) Provincial censor boards ban or attempt to curtail "excessive" display of the American 1902 flag in American films. (The United States *The Bioscope Company of Halifax, the first entered the war in 1917.) Le Declin de Canadian film—production company, pro- ('empire americain duces a series of scenes for Canadian 1915 Pacific Railways to encourage British immi- *Ray Lewis founds the Canadian Moving (Denys Arcand, 1986) gration to Canada. Picture Digest, Canada's first weekly film trade journal. (She remained editor and pub- 1903 lisher until her death in 1954.) Goin' down the Road *Joe Rosenthal directs Hiawatha, The (Don Shebib, 1970) Messiah of the Ojibways, the first dramatic 1916 short to be made in Canada. *Adolph Zukor joins forces with Jesse Lasky *Leo—Ernest Ouimet establishes Canada's to form Famous Players—Lasky, with the first film exchange in Montreal. rights to distribute Mary Pickford films *Adolph Zukor, a Hungarian—born entrepre- through Paramount Pictures. With a mas- neur, opens his first penny arcades in New sive loan from the Morgan Bank, Zukor York and New Jersey. (Zukor became the embarks on an ambitious plan to dominate most influential figure in Canadian film exhi- the industry by acquiring motion picture the- bition and distribution.) atres right across North America. *Minneapolis—born N.L. Nathanson buys his 1904 first theatre in Toronto, the Majestic Theatre *George Scott and Co. make The Great Fire on Adelaide Street, with the backing of of Toronto. This record of the city's worst fire wealthy partners. (Nathanson built is first film to be shot in Toronto. Paramount Theatres, a theatre chain that The Grey Fox *Zukor opens the first of his palatial movie rivalled that of the Aliens.) theatres, the Crystal Hall, in New York City. (Phillip Borsos, 1983) 1917 1905 *Ontario establishes the Ontario Motion Jesus de Montreal *Billy Bitzer shoots two films for Biograph: Picture Bureau (OMPB) "to carry out educa- (Denys Arcand, 1989) Moose Hunt in New Brunswick and Salmon tional work for farmers, school children, fac- Mon oncle Antoine Fishing in Quebec. (Bitzer later became tory workers and other classes." D.W. Griffith's main cinematographer.) *Canadian National Features of Toronto (Claude Jutra, 1971) opens the first film studio in Canada in 1906 Trenton, Ontario. *Ouimet opens his "Ouimetoscope" in Les Ordres Montreal and films the first Canadian news- 1918 reels to show in his theatre. *The federal government follows Ontario's (Michel Brault, 1974) *The American—born Allen brothers, Jule lead and establishes the Canadian and Jay, open a storefront theatre in Government Motion Picture Bureau The Sweet Hereafter Brantford, Ontario. (CGMPB). *The Aliens now own the largest and most (Atom Egoyan, 1997) modern chain of theatres in Canada and have exclusive rights to distribute Goldwyn *Britain passes a bill calling for 25 per cent long as newsreels were shown in Ontario.) and Famous Players—Lasky films in of all films exhibited in Britain to be *Gordon Sparring directs The Pathfinder, his Canada. British—made by 1935. A British film is first theatrical short in the Canadian Cameo defined as one "made by British subjects in series for ASN. 1919 a studio in the British Empire." *The Parliament of Canada passes the first Broadcasting Act, creating the Canadian "'Nell Shipman, from Victoria, B.C., writes Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC) to and stars in Back to God's Country, the most 1928 engage in broadcasting and to regulate all successful silent Canadian film at the box *Carry on, Sergeant! premieres in Toronto. broadcasting in Canada. office. (It was the most costly film in the history of *Zukor sets his sights on Canada and refus- Canadian silent cinema, but it failed miser- es to renegotiate his distribution agreement ably at the box office.) 1933 with the Aliens unless they take him into *Bill Oliver directs and shoots The Beaver *Fay Wray from Cardston, Alberta, finds cin- partnership. The Aliens refuse. People, the first of a series of shorts featur- ematic immortality screaming atop the *Toronto—born Mary Pickford forms United ing Grey Owl. Empire State Building in King Kong. Artists with Charlie Chaplin, D.W. Griffith and Douglas Fairbanks as partners. 1929 1934 *Sir John Aird, chairman of the Canadian *Mitchell Hepburn's Liberal government 1920 Bank of Commerce, delivers a report to closes down the OMPD, and the Trenton *The Canadian Pacific Railways, which has Parliament calling for public ownership of studios are donated to the city of Trenton for been active in producing films since 1897, Canadian broadcasting. a community hall — a sad end to one of incorporates Associated Screen News of *The Bell Telephone labs in the United Canada's earliest and busiest film studios. Canada (ASN) in Montreal and appoints States demonstrate colour television trans- Ben Norrish, formerly of the CGMPB, as its mission. 1935 head. (For the next 38 years ASN was the *Mary Pickford wins Best Actress at the sec- *Nat Taylor forms the Independent Theatres main Canadian producer of newsreels, ond annual Academy Awards for her perfor- Association of Ontario. shorts and industrials.) mance in Coquette. *The National Film Society of Canada is "Zukor buys a substantial part of Paramount founded.
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