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The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI COVER DESCRIPTION: The front cover illus tration depicts the birthplace of Harry S. Truman, located in Lamar, Missouri. The future 33rd president of the United States was born here, May 8, 1884, and lived here about a year. Located two miles east of U.S. 71 and one block off Highway 160 in the Barton County seat, the six-room frame home is a state his toric site, administered by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Open to the public, the site may be visited Monday-Saturday, 10 A.M.-4 P.M.; and Sun day, noon to 5 P.M. Photo by Kathy Dains MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW
Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI
RICHARD S. BROWNLEE EDITOR
MARY R. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR
JAMES W. GOODRICH ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Copyright © 1984 by the State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201
The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by the State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 201 South Eighth, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO. 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. VOLUME LXXVIII
Current REVIEWS are sent to all members of The State Historical Society of Missouri during their term of member NUMBER 5 ship. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. APRIL, 1984 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978.
OFFICERS 1983-1986 FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood, President MRS. AVIS TUCKER, Warrensburg, First Vice President REVEREND JOHN F. BANNON, St. Louis, Second Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Third Vice President MRS. VIRGINIA YOUNG, Columbia, Fourth Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fifth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Kansas City, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer RICHARD S. BROWNLEE, Columbia, Director, Secretary and Librarian
TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville
Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1984 ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage W. WALLACE SMITH, Independence GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis RONALD L. SOMERVILLE, Chillicothe ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis ROBERT M. WHITE, Mexico Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1985 JAMES W. BROWN, Harrisonville J. J. GRAF, Hermann RICHARD J. CHAMIER, Moberly JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City MRS. MARY BANKS PARRY, Columbia ALFRED O. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1986 MRS. SAMUEL A. BURK, Kirksville W. ROGERS HEWITT, Shelbyville R. I. COLBORN, Paris DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City VICTOR A. GIERKE, Louisiana STUART SYMINGTON, JR., St. Louis MRS. JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall ROBERT WOLPERS, Poplar Bluff
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-nine Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, President of the University of Missouri and Chancellor of the University of Missouri-Columbia constitute the Executive Committee.
FINANCE COMMITTEE Five members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President, who by virtue of his office constitutes the sixth member, compose the Finance Committee. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City* WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville * Honorary INTRODUCTORY NOTE
This year marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Harry S. Truman. Born in Lamar, Missouri, on May 8, 1884, Truman became the thirty-third president of the United States. As a result of this achieve ment, he also became Missouri's most famous twentieth-century citizen.
Since his years as president (1945-1953), Mr. Truman has been accorded "near great" status in terms of presidential performance by various polls and studies. He usually ranks behind Abraham Lincoln, Franklin Roosevelt, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Andrew Jackson. While future rankings may change, Mr. Truman should retain at least his "near great" status.
In honor of Mr. Truman's 100th birthday anniversary, the State His torical Society is pleased to present contributions pertaining to his presi dential years in this issue of the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW. The reader will find an article about India Edwards, the executive director of the Women's Division of the Democratic National Committee; an edited and annotated account by Vic Housholder describing his visit with the president; and a photo-essay about Truman and Winston Church ill's visit to Fulton, Missouri, when the former British prime minister made his famous "iron curtain" speech.
The editorial staff of the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW trusts that the readers will find the contributions interesting and informative—as well as a befitting tribute to Harry S. Truman.
RICHARD S. BROWNLEE Editor
ui CONTENTS
FULTON'S DISTINGUISHED VISITORS: TRUMAN AND CHURCHILL, 1946. By Mary K. Dains 277
INDIA EDWARDS: DISTAFF POLITICIAN OF THE TRUMAN ERA. By Georgia Cook Morgan 293
A VISIT TO THE WHITE HOUSE, 1947: THE DIARY OF VIC H. HOUSHOLDER. Edited by Robert H. Ferrell 311
HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS
News in Brief 337
Local Historical Societies 338
Gifts 352
MISSOURI HISTORY IN NEWSPAPERS 357
Missouri History in Magazines 363
In Memoriam 370
BOOK REVIEW 371
BOOK NOTES 373
GLENN HOUSE IN HISTORIC CAPE GIRARDEAU INSIDE BACK COVER iv Massie Photo President Harry S. Truman and former Prime Minister Winston Churchill visited Fulton on March 5, 1946. Accom panying them and seated below, left to right, were West minster College President Franc L. McCluer and Missouri Governor Phil M. Donnelly.
Fulton's Distinguished Visitors: Truman and Churchill, 1946
BY MARY K. DAINS*
INTRODUCTION
In 1936, Mrs. John Findley Green established at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, a memorial honoring her husband to be known as the John Findley Green Foundation Lecture Series. The purpose was to bring to the college campus each year a man of international reputation to discuss economic, social or political problems of international concern. During the World War II years, the college had omitted the lecture, but in 1945 with the founding of the new United Nations, the world appeared to be striving for peace and prosperity. College president Dr. Franc L. McCluer began in the summer to think of a lecturer to resume the series next winter. He suddenly thought of Sir Winston Churchill, the famous British Prime Minister who
*Mary K. Dains is an associate editor of the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW. 277 278 Missouri Historical Review
had rallied England and the free world during the dark days of the war. Churchill had been defeated for reelection in a star tling election upset. McCluer consulted school officials and then approached Major General Harry H. Vaughan, Westminster College alumnus, who was President Harry S. Truman's military aid. Vaughan, con ferred with McCluer, liked the idea of a Churchill visit and wished to consult the president. With a typed invitation in hand, dated October 3, 1945, McCluer interviewed Truman in Washington, D. C. Truman heartily endorsed the proposal and wrote a postscript at the bottom of the invitation: "This is a wonderful school in my home state. Hope you can do it. I'll introduce you." On December 10, President Truman wrote McCluer that Churchill would be in Florida for complete rest for a month or more in February. He had accepted the invitation to lecture at Fulton. Soon the date was set for March 5, 1946. A pictorial essay of that historic event follows. Many of the photographs depicted on these pages are part of a large collection given to the State Historical Society by Gerald Massie, a profes sional photographer formerly with the Missouri Department of Resources and Development, Jefferson City. Other photographs were loaned for this article by Warren M. Hollrah, Museum Man ager and College Archivist Winston Churchill Memorial and Library (W. C. Mem. Lib.), Fulton, Missouri. W. C. Mem. Lib. Dr. Franc L. McCluer (left), president of Westminster College, had many details to work out before the Churchill-Truman visit— handling invitations, ticket sales and publicity, arrangements for press coverage, what to do with the influx of people, security for the distin guished guests, the parade route and agenda for the occasion. Joe B. Humphreys (center) served as special assistant to McCluer, and Neal S. Wood (right), chairman of the college board of trustees, helped with arrangements.
W. C. Mem. Lib. W. C. Mem. Lib. The president and prime minister traveled by train from Washington, D. C, through St. Louis, to Jefferson City. A motorcade formed at the Jefferson City depot. The press and spectators waited in the capitol city for the distinguished guests. They arrived at 11:20 A.M., March 5, aboard the President's Special served by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Major General Harry Vaughan (behind the president) joined Truman and Church ill on the platform of the rear car. Mis souri Governor Phil M. Donnelly, College President McCluer and other dignitaries met the train and joined the motor cade to Fulton. The governor presented Churchill with a box of his favorite Ha vana cigars, and Truman received a hick ory-smoked country ham. W. C. Mem. Lib. On the lawn of the Callaway County courthouse, the Kem per Military Band from Boonville entertained the crowd at Ful ton, waiting the arrival of the noted guests. The chief executive's favorite tune, "Missouri Waltz," could be heard from the bands stationed at intervals along the parade route.
An estimated 25,000 lined the parade route and waited for hours to see the mo torcade. The official temperature registered 59° in the morning, but climbed above 70° by afternoon. A holiday spirit prevailed as the morning sun shone brightly. Youngsters and old-timers alike waved pennants and balloons.
W. C. Mem. Lib. W. C. Mem. Lib.
Early in the day, hawkers appeared selling hats, balloons, buttons, pen nants, candy bars and box lunches. Newsboys sold St. Louis and Kansas City newspapers and the Fulton Daily Sun-Gazette printed a special 16-page edition. U. S. and British flags, stream ers and bunting gaily decorated the two-mile route. Many ban ners read, "Welcome Churchill" and "Welcome President Tru-
Massie Photo
The motorcade drove north from Jefferson City over High way 54. Before entering Fulton the cars stopped and the digni taries moved from an enclosed car to an open touring car. Churchill lit his cigar, which he thought the people would expect. Rather reluctantly, he perched on the back seat of the car with W. C. Mem. Lib. Truman. The parade arrived in Fulton at 12:43. President Tru man waved his hand and smiled broadly over the heads of the Massie Photo secret servicemen who hung on the sides of the automobile. Churchill also smiled, frequently touched his black hat to the crowd and gave the victory sign. Governor Donnelly, Dr. McCluer and Admiral William D. Leahy also rode in the open car. Within 20 minutes, the motor cade had moved quickly over the gaily decorated city streets and had arrived at the home of Dr. McCluer on the Westminster campus.
W. C. Mem. Lib.
Mrs. Franc McCluer greeted the dis tinguished guests on the front porch of her modest home. Governor Donnelly, Churchill, Mrs. McCluer and Truman waved to the large crowd of spectators be fore disappearing inside the house.
W. C. Mem. Lib.
Massie Photo
Here at Washington West House, the college president's home, the visitors relaxed before the after noon lecture. Few photographers were allowed inside Washington West House, but one snapped this historic pose of Donnelly, Churchill, Truman and McCluer.
W. C. Mem. Lib. Mrs. Baker Trigg, the Fulton Country Club cook, prepared the meal. It featured country ham, fried chicken, twice-baked po tatoes, asparagus tips, aspic salad, hot rolls, ice cream, angel food cake, tea and coffee. Secret servicemen kept a close eye and tasted everything. W. C. Mem. Lib.
W. C. Mem. Lib. Upon Mrs. McCluer rested the responsibility of entertain ing the noted guests and plan ning the menu for the noon meal.
W. C. Mem. Lib. ')*»«.
Truman appeared genuinely happy to be in his home state. With others of the presi dential party, he waved to newsmen and photographers from an upstairs bedroom of the McCluer residence. Massie Photo Fulton residents planned for weeks how to accom modate the many out-of-town visitors for the occasion. Feeding the throng appeared a major concern. To sup plement the local restaurants' fare, women of the various churches and organizations maintained food booths, serving sandwiches, dessert, pop and coffee. Many brought their own lunches, the crowd was not as large as expected, and about half the food remained uneaten.
Westminster College Gymnasium had been converted into an audi torium for some 2,800 people. One of the college administration's worst headaches was deciding who would be seated in the gym. The demand for tickets overwhelmed officials. Students, members of the faculty, college board of trustees, visiting notables and representa tives of each senior college in Mis souri received preferential seating. Other tickets were allotted to the public on a first come first served basis. The campus remained closed until 1:30 P.M. Then only those holding tickets were admitted on the grounds. For two hours a line of spectators filed into the gym un der careful scrutiny of the secret service.
W. C. Mem. Lib. Massie Photo
Major news agencies, news papers, magazines and radio networks had reporters in the gym to cover the Churchill ad dress. They were accommodated in galleries at the ends of the building. The basement served as the nerve center for Western Union wires, typewriters and telephones. The academic processional to the gym consisted of Missouri college presidents and other noted dignitaries. It formed at the ad ministration building shortly before 3:30. McCluer, Churchill and Truman joined at the rear of the procession as it passed the president's house for the short walk to the gym. President Truman stood last in line, the position of highest honor. All were at tired in academic black robes except for Churchill, who wore the scarlet velvet robe of Oxford.
Massie Photo
Massie Photo A tremendous burst of applause from the audience greeted Churchill and Truman when they entered the gym. As they walked slowly to the raised platform, the organ played "Adeste Fideles." Then the audience sang "God Save the King," and the "Star Spangled Banner," while the guests stood at attention. The Stars and Stripes and the British flags flanked either side of the platform, that stood in front of the white backdrop trimmed with blue and gold. Large vases of roses and white snapdragons added to the simple decorations. W. C. Mem. Lib.
After a brief welcome from Governor Donnelly, Dr. McCluer introduced President Truman, who in turn presented Churchill. Declaring him to be one of the great men of the ages, Truman noted that Churchill was "a great Englishman, but he's half American." Regarding the forthcoming address, the president said he knew the British statesman would have "something constructive to say to the world." Churchill appeared touched by his enthusi astic welcome.
The former prime minister, in his typical manner, captivated the audience as he delivered "The Sinews of Peace" speech. At times he struck a familiar pose, holding his lapels with clenched fists. Waves of applause frequently in terrupted him. Churchill denounced Russian aggression in magnificently chosen words: From the Baltic to the Adriatic seas, an "iron curtain" had de scended across the continent. He urged an Anglo-American "fraternal associa tion" to stop aggression. The "iron cur tain" became a popular term used to signify Russian subjugation of oppressed people.
Massie Photo K. C. Times
Dr. McCluer conferred the honorary doctor of laws degree upon Church ill after John Raeburn Green, St. Louis attorney and college trustee, read the citation. In accepting the hon orary degree, Churchill addressed the faculty as "members of the faculty," and quickly changed it to "fellow members of the faculty." The audience roared approval. John Raeburn Green appeared left of Churchill, Major General Vaughan and President McCluer, right.
Massie Photo
President Truman also received the honorary doctor of laws degree, presented by Dr. McCluer. Neal S. Wood, college trus tee of Mexico, read the citation.
Massie Photo
W. C. Mem. Lib.
Whether the president knew what Churchill was going to say in his speech received con siderable discussion. Truman asserted that he believed in freedom of speech. Not a head of state, Churchill represented no one but him self. The address became Churchill's most sig nificant post-war speech for the accuracy of its predictions and viable guidelines it offered for peace. Massie Photo Overflow crowds that could not ob tain tickets to the gym, listened to the ceremonies in nearby Swope Chapel. Loudspeaker hookups also broad casted the event in Dulany Auditorium at Fulton's William Woods College, downtown churches and the court house square. W. C. Mem. Lib. Governor Donnelly shook hands with Admiral William D. Leahy.
W. C. Mem. Lib.
Churchill bid farewell as the guests prepared to leave Fulton. The party left Westminster campus a few minutes after 6:00 P.M. Shortly before 7:00 the president's train pulled out of Jefferson City. T« io*ft xsr * • ^ „ Mo. St. Park Bd. I-™ r t • ' We8tmmster College Gymnasium, site of Winston Churchill's Jron^Curtam speech, was designated a Registered Nattenal'Stirirffl!
In 1961, representatives of the Saint Louis Branch of the English Speaking Union, discussed with Westminster Col f %mmmmi A workman sandblasted around St. Mary Aldermanbury's circular window. W. C. Mem. Lib. Walker-Mo. Tourism Situated on the corner of Seventh Street and Westminster Avenue at Westminster College campus, St. Mary Aldermanbury stands as the Winston Churchill Memorial and Library. Dedication occurred May 7, 1969. The museum, library and gallery are lo cated in the structure's new undercroft. It is the only center in America devoted to the study of Churchill's life. The interior of the historic church, including plaster- work, panelling, decorative scrolls, cathedral glass, wood carvings and oak stain, has been duplicated exactly as Chris topher Wren finished it in 1667. St. Mary Aldermanbury seats 400 in 17th-century-designed pews. As Westminster College's chapel, it is a place of worship open to all. Desig nated as a National Historic Site in 1972, the structure is the only pure example of Wren's work in this country. Walker-Mo. Tourism 292 Missouri Historical Review BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS Department of Natural Resources State Historical Survey and Planning Office. Missouri's Historic Preservation Program, Foundations From The Past. Columbia, Mo., 1974. 40 pp. Parrish, William E. Westminster College: An Informal His tory, 1851-1969. Fulton, Mo., 1971. 280 pp. Truman, Margaret. Harry S. Truman. New York: Morrow, 1973. 602 pp. ARTICLES Newsweek, XXVII (Feb. 18, Mar. 18, 1946), 27-28, 30-31, 36. Tanner, Virginia. "We Take The President and Mr. Churchill On Historic Journey," Baltimore i? Ohio Magazine, XXXII (April, 1946), 3-9, 60-61. Time, XLVII (Mar. 18, 1946), 17-20. United States News, XX (Mar. 15, 1946), 26-29, 39. Westminster College Magazine, LIII (Summer, 1969). NEWSPAPERS Fulton Daily Sun-Gazette, Feb.-March, 1946. Jefferson City Daily Capital News, Feb.-March, 1946. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, March, 1946. OTHER SOURCES Correspondence, reports and misc. items in Churchill Me morial and Library, Fulton, Missouri. Personal interview with Gerald Massie by the author, July 14, 1983, in Jefferson City. Courtesy Perskie Photographies, Truman Lib. India Edwards: Distaff Politician of the Truman Era BY GEORGIA COOK MORGAN* "If perticuliar care and attention is not paid to the Laidies we are determined to foment a Rebelion, and will not hold our selves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Represen tation," so wrote Abigail Adams to her husband, March 31, 1776, while he served as a delegate to the Continental Congress.1 She wanted the delegates to realize that women could be a viable political force and that they should be remembered when dele gates drafted the American Constitution. Obviously, John Adams did not consider her plea, and the determined ladies failed to rally and rebel. Later, as the American frontier advanced westward, women began to conceive of the idea of political equality. Set tling the new territory offered an equal challenge for men and * Georgia Cook Morgan is co-owner of The Morgan Companies, a marketing and research firm in Joplin, Missouri. She has the B.A. degree in history from Missouri Southern State College, Joplin, and the M.A. in history from Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield. i L. H. Butterfield, ed., Adams Family Correspondence (Cambridge, 1963), I, 370. 293 294 Missouri Historical Review women, and it created an attitude which opened doors for women. As a consequence, Jeanette Rankin, a frontier product, broke ground for American women in politics when she became Montana's Republican representative to Congress in 1916.2 That state fran- chised women as early as 1914.3 Finally, in 1920 the United States adopted the nineteenth amendment which franchised women. Although they could vote, women did not adapt to the political waters as eagerly as ex pected. Later, industrialization and two world wars opened new vistas for women, but they adapted slowly to changes brought about by increased job and educational opportunities. Although many attended college and a few entered the work force, women still tended to vote as their fathers and husbands voted, and they remained aloof from active political involvement. If involved at all, women volunteered for backroom secretarial jobs, alternated for deceased husbands, or served as "pink-tea" ladies at state and local party levels. With Eleanor at his elbow, Franklin Roosevelt, however, did name Frances Perkins as his secretary of labor in 1933.4 Still, as one 1948 observer noted, "A man in politics is a politician, but a women in politics is ... a woman in politics. She is . . . charwoman of the political world."5 Susan B. Anthony II also lamented the apathy of women, "The crusade for women's rights has subsided to club room murmur- ings. 6 But in spite of the lack of political activity by women after securing the ballot, exceptions did occur. One exception during the Truman administration was India Edwards. Her aspirations ex ceeded backroom political chores, and she became a contender in an arena dominated by men. India Edwards refused to accept subordinate positions given women in government because she felt feminine input sorely lack ing. As an executive in the Democratic National Committee (DNC), she concentrated her energies toward obtaining positions in gov ernment for qualified women and in educating women politically. Edwards did not suggest a battle of the sexes, but felt "that the 2 Barbara Deckard, The Women's Movement (New York, 1975), 245. 3 Page H. Dougherty, "It's a Man's Game, but Woman Is Learning," New York Times Magazine, November 3, 1946. 4 India Edwards, Pulling No Punches: Memoirs of a Woman in Politics (New York, 1977), 271. 5 Dougherty, "Woman is Learning," 17. 6 Susan B. Anthony II, "We Women Throw Our Votes Away," Saturday Evening Post, CCXXI (July 17, 1948), 23. India Edwards 295 most important need in the nation ... is full partnership politically, economically, and socially for women."7 After she served six years in the DNC, one admirer applauded her efforts, "India Edwards . . . has done more for her sex than the Suffrage Amendment to the Constitution."8 Perhaps that assertion overstates her contribution, but Edwards's background, her career with the DNC, and her relationship with Truman and other politicians reveals how one determined woman successfully participated in politics and the political arena. India Walker was born June 16, 1895, in Nashville, Tennessee. Memories of her childhood centered around an array of grand parents, aunts, uncles and cousins who lived in the surrounding neighborhood. Her mother, India Thomas Walker, divorced her husband when India was only four years old; as a result they lived with Edwards's maternal grandmother. After fire destroyed her grandmother's home, India's mother went to Chicago to work; India and her sister, Virginia, joined her a year later and attended grade school there. When her mother remarried, the family moved to St. Louis where India graduated from Central High School.9 Perhaps early exposure to a matriarchal environment and her mother's self-reliance (which she praises in the dedication of her Memoirs) contributed to Edwards's independent character. When only five years old, she marched alongside her mother in a suf frage parade. Later, as a young women of twenty, she tested her own independence by returning to Chicago. Edwards planned to attend Columbia University and study journalism, but a setback in her stepfather's finances deterred her ambitions. For a few months, Edwards and a friend, Robert Carter, appeared as the main attraction in one of St. Louis's finest clubs as ballroom dancers, but that lacked appeal for the ambitious India Walker. She decided to "become a newspaper writer, even without going to journalism school," and she chose the Chicago Tribune.10 While working as a secretary for Heco Envelope Company, she began as a reporter for the Tribune on night assignments, where she received five dollars per report. 7 Margaret Turner, "Let's Have Action!" Atlanta Constitution, May 24, 1949, clipping, newspaper file, India Edwards Papers, Harry S. Truman Library, Independence, Missouri. 8Tris Coffin, "India Edwards: Queen-Maker of Washington," Coronet, XXIX (April, 1951), 124. 9 Edwards, Memoirs, 20. io/Wd.,21. 296 Missouri Historical Review Eventually, Edwards's career flourished, and events in her personal life presented circumstances which reinforced her self- reliance. In December 1917, she married a Boston soldier, Daniel Sharp who was killed the next month, only two weeks after land ing in France. Work apparently provided the best therapy, for she returned to the Tribune as society editor. In 1920, Edwards married Jack Moffet from Chicago; they had two children, John and India. Through the years, serious personality differences emerged, and she divorced Moffet in 1932. Edwards did not ad just well to suburban living nor could she communicate with a man "whose idea of a pleasant evening was to play bridge with another couple."11 While attending the Republican convention in 1936 as a guest of Colonel Robert R. McCormick, owner of the Tribune, Edwards met Herbert Threlkeld-Edwards. He was chief of the international motion pictures division of the State Department. They dated several years, and when they married, India Edwards moved to Washington where a second career developed unexpectedly. On December 29, 1943, officials informed Edwards of the death of her son, an Army Air Force flier. He had been a passenger ii Ibid., 70. President Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt Lib. India Edwards 297 in a bomber that exploded. At home and without a job to occupy her mind, Edwards became determined to aid the war effort. She considered a position with the United Nations Relief and Rehabili tation Administration, but her husband convinced her that she would be at loggerheads with the bureaucratic red tape.12 Edwards did not linger long in indecision. A speech given by Clare Booth Luce at the 1944 National Republican Convention prompted her to immediately volunteer her services at the Democratic National Committee headquarters. Mrs. Luce implied that if all the dead soldiers could vote they would vote against Roosevelt. Edwards became furious that anyone would dare to speak for her son, much less stoop to making "political capital out of the deaths of United States soldiers."13 Always sympathetic to the Democratic party, Edwards now volunteered her talents in earnest to their cause. In time, she became a stalwart party worker, practical politician and eventually a senior woman of Democratic politics.14 Eleanor Roosevelt may have been the most admired Democratic woman until her death, especially to the general public. Neverthe less, many considered India Edwards one of the leading political women within the Democratic party for two decades, approxi mately 1948-1968. At headquarters, Edwards used her vast newspaper experience writing biographies, speeches and news releases. By 1945, her or ganizational talents elevated her to the position of executive secre tary for the Women's Division of the DNC.15 From that vantage point and later as executive director, Edwards's personality and ambitiousness made an impact on the Women's Division of the Democratic party. She also showed occasional independence. While most loyal New Dealers romantically idolized President Roosevelt, Edwards refused to go to the altar. Edwards always ended the speeches she prepared in the 1944 campaign with "Elect Roosevelt and Truman," but other staff members suggested she mention only Roosevelt. Without hesitation she made it clear that she would continue to mention the senator, for "the Vice-President who is 12 Transcript, India Edwards Oral History Interview, January 16, 1969, p. 2, Truman Library. 13 Elise Morrow and Sylvia Brooks, "The Lady Who Told Off The Presi dent," Saturday Evening Post, CCXXIV (July 7, 1951), 110. 14 Joy Miller, "She's Grand Dame of Democrats," Kansas City Times, August 21, 1968, clipping, newspaper file, Edwards Papers. 15 Transcript, Edwards Oral History Interview, January 16, 1969, p. 17. 298 Missouri Historical Review ROOSEVELT* T R U m v A !. H ? V. P. i Campaign Posters, 1944 Election *TRUMAN* ill Courtesy Truman Lib. elected this year will very probably be the President eventually."16 As months passed after Roosevelt's death, Edwards became more confident that her loyalty to the whole ticket had been justified. She had become acquainted with Truman's work as chairman of the special government committee investigating the national defense program, and she admired his performance as president. Eventually, Edwards revered Truman as blindly as faithful New Dealers had worshipped Roosevelt. In later years, members of her family even referred to Truman as "our President." Whether it was her belief in the Democratic party, her dis like for Republicanism, or her faith in Harry Truman, Edwards's blind loyalty to the party represented one criterion she demanded from Democratic workers. In 1947, Edwards found it almost im possible to work with Chase Going Woodhouse, who served as executive director of the Women's Division. Woodhouse had lost her seat in Congress from Connecticut, and Edwards sensed that her concern centered on regaining her seat rather than leading the division. In addition, Woodhouse did not favor renominating Truman in Philadelphia in 1948.17 Howard McGrath, new chair man of the DNC, finally requested Woodhouse's resignation when he discovered she and her secretary-daughter had vacationed for 16 Transcript, India Edwards Oral History Interview, November 10, 1975, p. 7, Truman Library. 17 Edwards, Memoirs, 100. India Edwards 299 months and forwarded expense accounts to the DNC. This indis cretion, however, probably annoyed Edwards less than Wood- house's disloyalty to the president; a prerequisite for any DNC worker in her opinion. Belief in party loyalty and in utilization of the DNC probably formed the basis of the Truman-Edwards relationship. Neal Roach, manager of the '48, '52, and '56 Democratic National Conventions, stated that Truman had completely revitalized the DNC.18 That fact increased Edwards's admiration for Truman; "he used the Women's Division for getting the facts to the voters about his programs and plans," she asserted.19 In his contributing article to the History of American Presidential Elections, Richard Kirken- dall noted that in 1948 "much of Truman's strength evolved around leaders of the DNC . . . and loyal party members working openly or behind the scenes against party rebels."20 Not only a loyal party member working against such rebels, Edwards also was one of a few Democratic leaders who predicted Truman would be elected in 1948. In fact, one evening while Edwards dined with the Trumans on the campaign train, the president even alleged that "only two people really believe I'm going to be elected President; they're both sitting at this table and one of them is not my wife."21 After the election, Truman called to thank party workers in New York, and Howard McGrath rewarded Edwards's loyalty by permitting her to speak to the president first.22 A writer aptly remarked, "what Harry Truman is for, she is for."23 But tangible reasons also existed for McGrath's gesture to Edwards. Her faithfulness had been manifest in various projects throughout the '48 campaign. She made speeches, organized the division until it became a smooth-running machine, and assisted Bess and Margaret Truman on the campaign train by greeting Democratic women at whistlestops. One Truman aide recalled Edwards as an "energetic, visible and very hard-working member of the Presidential party."24 Other duties included being hostess to 18 Transcript, Neal Roach Oral History Interview, January 21, 1969, p. 86, Truman Library. 19 Edwards, Memoirs, 106. 20 Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., ed., History of American Presidential Elec tions, 1789-1968 (New York, 1971), IV, 3144. 21 Transcript, Edwards Oral History Interview, January 16, 1969, p. 49. 22 Edwards, Memoirs, 110. 23 Morrow and Brooks, "Lady," 28. 24 George M. Elsey to Georgia Cook, January 15, 1979, in author's possession. 300 Missouri Historical Review an array of wives of senatorial, congressional and gubernatorial candidates in states where they campaigned. In addition, Edwards cultivated the Democratic Record show, which aired on ABC radio every Monday for four weeks before election. She developed another project, a "School of Politics" for women attending the national convention. At the school, cabinet wives spoke about their husband's department and duties.25 Still, Edwards perhaps is best remembered by her coworkers for the "Housewives for Truman" trailers and her market basket. She used trailers in several states to exhibit items which had become more expensive as a result of inaction by the eightieth Congress. When trailers could not be purchased for the purpose, Edwards used a basket and made a trip to the local supermarket in order to ad vertise the cost-of-living. Rising meat prices loomed as a big factor in the '48 campaign. All in all, Truman recognized Edwards's political campaigning talents. Another Truman aide commented that Truman "had enormous respect for India Edwards's political aptitude, flair for showmanship and organizing ability."26 After the election, Dorothy McAllister, former Women's Di vision director, congratulated Edwards, "There is no question in 25 Edwards, Memoirs, 114; Transcript, Edwards Oral History Interview, January 16, 1969, p. 18; "Truman's Family to Accompany Him," New Yoik Times, September 9, 1948. 26 Philleo Nash to Georgia Cook, February 5, 1979, in author's possession. Courtesy Perskie Photographies J. Howard McGrath India Edwards 301 my mind that your dramatizing the action of the Republicans in terms of living costs, swung votes of many independent house wives."27 In addition, Jim Farley often remarked to Edwards that Roosevelt had felt women elected him.28 If correct, and if 1948 was a "maintaining" election as Kirkendall has suggested, then Edwards's showmanship and contribution to the 1948 campaign provided a possible asset. Once she tucked her campaign duties away, her main concern became "a lot of jobs for a lot of women."29 Although her primary job was to help elect Democrats, "I determined early that helping to raise the status of women in our party was an important part of my duty," contended Edwards. Truman once asked Edwards why she worked so hard for her sisters, and she replied straight forwardly: It is ridiculous to have government so predominately male. Women have a right to be in the councils that decide war, peace, prosperity, and depression. There are as many of us as there are men, and we are just as concerned with what is going on as they are!30 Although the Equal Rights Amendment had been introduced as early as 1923, Edwards's campaign for involving women was not marked by concern for a mass women's movement. Even though the ERA and the Equal Pay Bill comprised part of Re publican and Democratic platforms before World War II, the issued received scant discussion. Truman did vote for ERA, how ever, when the issue appeared after the war. He also asked em ployers to retain women workers, for "they are entitled to the chance to earn a good living at jobs they have shown they can do."31 Needless to say, all attempts to pass legislation favoring the masses of women went down in defeat. Edwards blamed the conservative Southern Democratic bloc of the house, but she later admitted, "as I look back, I am sorry we did not do more for ERA, especially lobbying, but at the time we thought we should work for things that had a chance of passing; so we put effort into places that counted."32 27 Dorothy McAllister to Edwards, November 6, 1948, Box 2, Correspond ence File, Edwards Papers. 28 Related to the author by India Edwards in a telephone interview on December 6, 1978. 29 Transcript, Edwards Oral History Interview, November 10, 1975, p. 20. 30 Coffin, "Queen-Maker," 124. 31 Deckard, Movement, 304. 32 Edwards telephone interview, December 6, 1978. 302 Missouri Historical Review As a result, Edwards's flair for organization tended to focus on making an educated, elite group of women visible in govern ment, and at this she proved effective. Her ability to compete in the political arena became obvious. Even Truman commented, "India is a rough and tumble politician."33 Similarly, Neal Roach of the DNC described her political prowess: India should have been fifty women and five men at the minimum. She has more knowledge of topics that would appeal to more people. She was well liked by women and men . . . women would follow her. She knew how to acti vate them and get them interested in the causes of the Democratic party. She's the greatest and I've been ex posed to a lot of women including Mrs. Roosevelt . . . but Mrs. Roosevelt didn't have a knack. India Edwards had and still has more political appeal for men and women combined than any other woman I've ever met in politics.34 In order to obtain positions for women in top governmental openings, her groundwork included preparation of lists of qualified women which she categorized as social worker, diplomat, adminis trator, or other governmental positions. To be listed in Edwards's file, a woman had to be educated, capable, and more importantly, sanctioned by at least one of her state's U.S. senators. In addition, Edwards's organized network consisted of women already in govern ment, hostesses, reporters, secretaries and friends, who relayed any hints of job openings. Instead of presenting a list of names for an opening, Edwards stressed the attributes of a particular woman for a particular job. After Roosevelt's death, Gladys Tillet of the Wom en's Division suggested names of qualified women for positions to Truman but nothing happened. Edwards soon realized that the Trumans did not know as many professional women as the Roose- velts had. Therefore, her strategy with Truman differed somewhat; "I attributed my success with Truman to the fact that I never went in with a bunch of names to be appointed."35 In other words, she did the legwork for Truman and his staff. She matched the woman to the job and she did it quickly. But qualifying a woman for a position and obtaining Truman's 33 Truman to Averell Harriman, May 24, 1957, Box 3, Correspondence File, Edwards Papers. 34 Transcript, Neal Roach Oral History Interview, January 21, 1969, p. 82. 35 Transcript, Edwards Oral History Interview, November 10, 1975, p. 4; India Edwards, "To Endorse and Work For—," Independent Woman, XXVIII (October, 1949), 293-294. India Edwards 303 Harry S. Truman approval often were not enough. When senators used the old stall technique on Frieda Hennock's confirmation to the Federal Com munications Commission, Edwards cancelled her vacation, moved to Washington, "rolled up her sleeves, made deals like an old master and Miss Hennock was confirmed."36 In another instance, Edwards discovered that Truman in tended to nominate no women to thirty-one new Federal district judgeships. On October 4, 1949, she complained that the New York Bar Association had not endorsed any women for the posi tions available. She informed the president that if not one woman in that big state appeared capable of being a Federal judge, "well we'd better exclude women from all law schools and remove them from all law offices."37 Evidently, a list on Friday, October 7, did not include a woman, but on the following Monday morn ing, it contained Burnita Shelton Matthews. Matthews, however, lost out in New York. Undaunted, Edwards immediately sent let ters to Truman, Bill Boyle and Attorney General McGrath. She stated that "there will be a bad reaction to the naming of so 36 Coffin, "Queen-Maker," 226. 37 "Wants More Women in High U. S. Posts," Little Rock Arkansas Demo- crat, November 10, 1949, clipping, newspaper file, Edwards Papers. 304 Missouri Historical Review many new judges and not one woman."38 As a result, the commit tee dropped one of the six men slated for Federal Court in the Dis trict of Columbia and approved Matthews. McGrath explained, "pressures were so great we felt we had to go along."39 With Matthews's confirmation, Frieda Hennock congratulated Edwards: "The appointment of Mrs. Matthews marks a great day in legal history of the country . . . you have given us (women of the legal profession) strength to achieve records of performance which have never been within our sights."40 To gauge Truman's stance on women in government and politics appears difficult, but the Matthews confirmation indicated the necessity for some perseverance in order to get him to act. Nevertheless, Edwards still admired Truman for his willingness to assist women in gaining a foothold in politics. She assumed that at times cabinet members or other political considerations created his inaction. Edwards, for instance, insisted that Truman would willingly consider a woman for the Supreme Court, but Chief Justice Fred Vinson vetoed the idea.41 All in all, Edwards re- 38 Edwards to Harry Truman, Bill Boyle and Howard McGrath, October 14, 1949, Box 2, Correspondence File, Edwards Papers. 39 Morrow and Brooks, "Lady," 28. 40 Telegram, Frieda Hennock to Edwards, October 18, 1949, Box 2, Cor respondence File, Edwards Papers. 41 Transcript, Edwards Oral History Interview, January 6, 1969, p. 84. The Truman Family, Margaret, Harry and Bess USIA, NA India Edwards 305 garded Truman as "always willing. It was never because he wasn't willing. It was because some man objected."42 She recalled, "HST was not chauvinistic—anyone who says he was did not know him well." Mrs. Joseph Short, correspondence secretary to Truman, also believed the president should get the credit for pro viding "a climate which helped in the appointment of other women later."43 But two commentators realized that Edwards's determination proved invaluable in prodding Truman into action: Because of her, Harry S. Truman has appointed more women to top jobs than any other President. Nineteen in key national posts, 200 others as delegates, alternates, or advisors to international conferences. Eugenie Anderson as ambassador to Denmark, Georgia Neese Clark, Treasurer of the U. S., Frieda Hennock, member of the Federal Communications Commission and five women Federal judges.44 Not only did Edwards use her position with the DNC to gain appointments for women, she also convinced Truman to keep in touch with female constituents. In 1947, he delivered a speech on radio entitled "The Moral Force of Women." The speech empha sized the need for greater participation by women, and noted that actions to improve social security, public health, education, and to develop and conserve natural resources could be brought about by the involvement of women.45 Edwards, moreover, arranged to have the president and the vice president speak on Democratic Women's Day, in September 1948. Dorothy McAllister, director of the Women's Division under Roosevelt, congratulated her: "You secured more publicity than the Women's Division had ever been able to get. . . . You were the first to arrange for the President to speak. ... I tried to persuade FDR to do this."46 Ironically, Eleanor Roosevelt suggested Women's Day as a fund-raising func tion for the Democratic party. Evidently Edwards's political abilities impressed President Truman because he offered her the chairmanship of the DNC in October 1951, after Bill Boyle resigned due to ill health. But she 42 ibid., 88. 43 Transcript, Mrs. Joseph Short Oral History Interview, February 16, 1971, p. 106, Truman Library. 44 Morrow and Brooks, "Lady," 28. 45 Harry S. Truman, "The Moral Force of Women," Vital Speeches, XIV (October 15, 1947), 23. 46 Dorothy McAllister to Edwards, November 6, 1948, Box 2, Correspond ence File, Edwards Papers. 306 Missouri Historical Review felt that the men of the DNC were not ready for such a drastic change, and again, loyalty to the unity of the party seemed para mount. Later, she considered her refusal one of her greatest mis takes: "I really didn't think that the men were ready ... it was too close to a presidential election, and if anything went wrong they'd blame it on a woman."47 A Democratic committeewoman from Illinois sent a petition requesting Edwards to reconsider. Edwards replied, "I am a great believer in womanpower, but I'm also a realist."48 Although she regretted that decision, especially after the 1952 loss, Edwards later remarked that "I did what I thought was the best for the Democratic party."49 Regrettably when Edwards received the chance to become one of the most visible women in politics, she failed to further the very cause she espoused. In spite of the fact that Edwards refused the chairmanship, many at the 1952 Democratic convention felt her presence. Mary T. Norton, former congressman from New Jersey, and Julia Crews, New York delegate, promoted Edwards as vice presidential nominee of the Democratic party. They formed a committee, and one woman took it so seriously that she nearly cried when Sam Ray- burn informed her that Edwards had to withdraw. "If she hadn't agreed to," Rayburn responded, "I wouldn't have let her name come up in the first place."50 Evidently other notables took it seri ously too. Stuart Symington even contributed to her campaign. After receiving the returned check, he replied, "I was sorry you did not see fit to keep the check for your campaign. You are one in a thousand. As we move into shortages . . . one of the greatest will be man power ... so why not substitute woman power."53 Nevertheless, such nominations represented only tokens of appre ciation for hours of toil. Edwards's visibility at the convention also proved obvious because of a new communication device—television. She became the first woman to speak on television at a national political con vention. Edwards's speech on Korea evoked many favorable re sponses. Pete A. Jarman, American ambassador to Australia, con- 47 Transcript, Edwards Oral History Interview, January 16, 1969, p. 40. 48 Edwards to Blance Fritz, November 9, 1951, Box 2, Correspondence File. Edwards Papers. 49 Edwards, Memoirs, 142. 50 Jane S. Jaquette, Women in Politics: A Sourcebook (New York, 1974) , 130. 51 Stuart Symington to Edwards, September 12, 1952, Box 2, Correspondence File, Edwards Papers. India Edwards 307 Mrs. Truman, Margaret and India Edwards At a Function of Democratic Women Field Enterprises, Inc., Courtesy Truman Lib. gratulated her, "your speech was one of the most effective heard," and Truman also commented, "congratulations on your wonderful fighting speech last night. I am sure that it will do a great deal to awaken women of our country to their terrific responsibilities in the coming election."52 A local Democratic party worker's letter revealed more details: "You were absolutely correct when you stated that disrespect had been shown to women speakers previous to you. I liked the way you used the gavel; I liked the force with which you spoke . . . and . . . the way you retained your dignity in view of such events."53 The convention marked the end of the Edwards era in the DNC as far as directing the Women's Division. Still, she remained active in the party until Richard Nixon's election in 1968. After the '52 convention, Edwards's fortunes in the DNC be came caught up in the larger controversy within the party between Truman and Adlai E. Stevenson, Jr., the Democratic candidate for president. Stevenson designated Stephen Mitchell as chairman of the DNC. Time magazine reported this as: "A move designated to 52 Telegram, Truman to Edwards, July, 1952; Pete Jarman to Edwards, July 24, 1952, in ibid. 53 Catherine M. Cogswell to Edwards, July, 1952, in ibid. 308 Missouri Historical Review reinforce the impression that Stevenson is independent of the regu lar Democratic organization."54 It soon appeared obvious that Mit chell did not respect his predecessor's personnel, and he proceeded to remove them. Mitchell did not ask for Edwards's resignation, but he revealed clearly his intentions. At a DNC buffet supper in October 1951, he failed to introduce Edwards even though she remained vice chairman. Later, because Mitchell did not include Edwards in a staff meeting with the president, she protested, "I resent the continual, whether intentional or thoughtless, by passing of women when policy is to be discussed."55 President Truman replied, "I read your letter . . . with lots of interest. The matter was handled by your new chairman. I rather think Frank McKinney [who had replaced Bill Boyle] would not have over looked a situation of this kind."56 Inasmuch as Edwards did not take Mitchell's hints seriously, he proceeded to find other methods of removing her from power. In January of 1953, he integrated the Women's Division into the 54 "New National Chairman," Time, LX (August 18, 1952), 15-16. 55 Edwards to Truman, December 4, 1952, Box 2, Correspondence File, Edwards Papers. 56 Truman to Edwards, December 5, 1952, in ibid. At a reception by the Democratic Committee in Wash ington, D.C., the Trumans are passing down the receiving line, headed by Frank McKinney, Mrs. McKinney, Mrs. Charles Brannon and India Edwards, right to left. Courtesy Truman Lib. India Edwards 309 Stephen A. Mitchell Courtesy Truman Lib. DNC operation. It had been established in 1922 with separate ad ministrators, budget and programs. He justified the change by announcing that "Democratic women are being given the oppor tunity to achieve the goal they have sought since sufferage . . . equal status with men in party work."57 Mitchell did not have a kind word for Edwards, even though praise did come from her GOP opposite, Bertha Adkins, who regretted Mitchell's decision. Adkins resigned from the Republican National Committee because she felt they needed a woman's division "run as Edwards does."58 Eleanor Roosevelt also responded that "it is not integration when women are simply told that a decision on policy has been made without them having been included in the discussion on every level."59 Even Truman commented, "our people . . . are not en joying life as they used to."60 Edwards endured the conflict through the summer of 1953, but in October, Mitchell finally announced her resignation as direc- 57 News Release by Stephen Mitchell, January 17, 1953, in ibid. 58 Editorial from the Cincinnati Enquirer, February 9, 1953, clipping, newspaper file, in ibid. 59 Eleanor Roosevelt, "It is Perfectly Natural for Men to Forget Women," Washington Daily News, February 6, 1953, ibid. 60 Truman to Edwards, February 12, 1953, Box 2, Correspondence File, ibid. 310 Missouri Historical Review tor of the Women's Division. Nevertheless, she did continue for a short time as vice chairman of the DNC. Katie Louchheim was named director of the Women's Activities, an inactive position in the new integration scheme. Ann Landers wrote her regrets to Edwards upon her resig nation, "I was aware of the shabby treatment you suffered ... I did hope you could endure it a bit longer."61 The "shabby treat ment" continued as Mitchell sent a memo to his staff stating, "I am very sorry I cannot be with you today to honor India Edwards as she leaves her present position with the DNC."62 One angry Democratic committeewoman from Alabama pounced on Mitchell, "If I ever see him again, I shall congratulate him on his excellent job of freezing out women."63 In any event, not only Mitchell, but also a man named Dwight D. Eisenhower, brought to an end Edwards's hopes of acquiring "more jobs for more women." An evaluation of Edwards's impact on Truman's campaign in 1948 remains difficult to determine without quantitative material and more evidence. Yet, her impact on the Women's Division, her flair for making Democratic women more visible during the cam paign, and growth of the division under her leadership certainly appear exceptional.64 Furthermore, Edwards's political acumen proved that women can effectively function in the political world. Since her involvement in the Women's Division, very little has been done to revive the division or to use womanpower in the DNC for campaign purposes. Although exceptions have occurred, for the most part, women have continued to hold menial jobs. While the reform movements of the 1960s and 1970s jolted many women out of the 1950 atmosphere of "normalcy" and domestica tion, a select few have adapted to the art of politics. While Edwards has not left a conspicuous legacy, her career with the DNC, her ability to operate effectively in the political world, and her concern for educating women politically, are of interest in evaluating the distaff side of politics in the Truman era. Presently, with public opinion of politicians rather low, per haps women need to become more active and visible in government, as Edwards advocated. And any woman who puts herself forward as a candidate or as a party worker will want to acquaint herself with India Edwards's notable political career. 61 Ann Landers to Edwards, October 8, 1953, in ibid. 62 Memo from Stephen Mitchell to staff, October 9, 1953, in ibid. 63 Mrs. Lennard Thomas to Edwards, October 16, 1953, in ibid. 64 Philleo Nash to Georgia Cook, February 5, 1979, in author's possession. Courtesy Truman Lib. President Harry S, Truman autographs a portrait for Vic Housholder. A Visitor to the White House, 1947: The Diary of Vic H. Housholder EDITED BY ROBERT H. FERRELL* Introduction A magical moment in the life of Vic H. Housholder came early in February 1947, when he not merely visited the White House but remained overnight as a guest of the president of the United States. In the course of his short visit he saw the president for long stretches at a time, and engaged in intimate conversation with the *Robert H. Ferrell is professor of History at Indiana University in Bloom- ington. He has the B.S. in Ed. and B.A. degrees from Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, and the M.A. and Ph.D. from Yale Univer sity. He is the editor/author of five books on Harry S. Truman. One, Truman: A Centenary Remembrance, will be published on Truman's birthday, May 8. 311 312 Missouri Historical Review nations chief executive. That could only have been possible among old comrades-at-arms—for Vic Housholder had been Truman's first lieutenant in Battery "D," 129th Field Artillery, attached to the 35th Division during the autumn offensive against the Germans in France in 1918. The lives of the two close friends during the war necessarily had been close indeed. The president of many years later, then simply the battery's captain, had trusted his first lieutenant as he trusted no other man in the battery or regiment. Housholder appeared on the spot for whatever the occasion demanded. The grand success of Captain Truman with the battery, and success it was, owed far more to Housholder than anyone else; apart from Truman's own qualities of command it proved crucial to the bat tery's actions. But the years passed, and as the erstwhile comrades went their separate ways, they kept together through letters. Truman first entered the haberdashery business, and with its failure in 1922, he went into politics; Housholder found employment in the American Rolling Mill Company, known familiarly as Armco. For a while Battery "D" held annual reunions, usually at Armistice Day, and Housholder would come when he could. As time went on and he left the Kansas City area, it became more difficult to get back; even if in memory, however, he never forgot the association of 1918. The captain became senator from Missouri in 1935, and vice president of the United States beginning in January 1945. Then after the death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, he assumed the presidency. Vic Housholder—the name was precisely that, both with the familiar c(Vic" that did not stand for Victor and the last name without the customary "e"—was proud to keep up the friendship. As his little diary accounting of the White House visit in 1947 relates, the president did not slacken in correspondence; Vic could show presidential letters to his close friends. After the traumatic year of 1946, during which inflation to gether with postwar expectations of a better time for labor com bined to produce more strikes than any other year in all of American history, Armco found itself with considerable labor troubles. Armco needed not merely hope of better times with its laborers, but also reassurance that suits brought against its plants throughout the country would not result in huge judgments against the corporation. Armco's executives, therefore, found it convenient Vic H. Housholder Diary 313 to send Housholder to see the president. But Vic probably would have gone even without business, for he so admired his one-time captain. When the invitation came to stay overnight in the nations most prestigious address, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, he agreed at once that he would go. The account of the visit that follows would be interesting if only because of the president's remarkable reassurance to Hous holder, to pass on to the Armco people, that the corporation would not have legal difficulties once its case went to the Supreme Court. In conversing with Housholder, the president spoke of what he had heard might be the court's response, once Armco's case went to judgment. Doubtless, Truman repeated what he had heard from an unimpeachable source, Chief Justice Fred Vinson, his close friend. Beyond this piquant glimpse into executive-judicial relations that defied the judgments of the eighteenth-century philosopher Montesquieu, who believed that government best consisted of three separate parts, the president ventured to his first lieutenant some information on two novel points. One was repetition of what he had heard from President Roosevelt in August 1944, when sitting at a luncheon table on the White House lawn. The president, whom Truman knew to be seriously, perhaps desperately, ill, told his vice presidential running mate that he, Truman, should not use an airplane during the autumn campaign. F.D.R. explained that he, the president, was an ill man. To no other individual at this crucial time, when his health was sliding toward a virtual physical collapse, caused by arteriosclerosis, did Roosevelt speak so frankly; Housholder s diary appears to be the sole source for such a con fession. The other novelty that President Truman in 1947 related to Housholder seems utterly incredible: he told his old friend how many atom bombs the United States had at that moment. A reader might well wonder how reliable the following account vjould be, for it quotes the president at great length. Householder wrote out every detail he could think of about the visit—and could he not have been imaginative to a fault, remembering conversa tion that had no basis in fact? A small collection of Housholder Papers exists at the Truman Library in Independence, but it offers no clue as to when, after the White House visit, the visitor set down his remarks. The long type script runs to thirteen pages, singlespaced, perhaps 6,000 words, a 314 Missouri Historical Review long reminiscence. However, some points that the World War I comrade quoted Truman on are susceptible to checking. For in stance, the president's explanation of a crucial telephone conversa tion at the Blackstone Hotel in Chicago during the Democratic National Convention of 1944 corresponds very closely to the ac count that Truman himself later recalled, to other visitors and to himself in handwritten accounts. Probably the best way to approach the document that follows would be to sense that Housholder was so impressed by everything that happened to him during his stay at the White House that he perhaps possessed something close to total recall. One presumes that he wrote down as soon as he could his memories of the great occasion. If some of the longish quotation may have garbled or otherwise changed the president's ipsissima verba, the point or points come through with clarity. Also, in view of the remarkable correspondence of the Blackstone account with the president's memory on other occasions, it does seem quite possible, even prob able, that Housholder's account closely approximated the presi dent's words throughout. The typescript of the diary is amateurish. If Housholder typed it, then that explains the typos and occasionally dropped words or misspellings. If he dictated the account, nothing in the typescript so indicates—one suspects that no dictation would have appeared with a singlespace typescript. One guesses that he might have written it all out by hand, and a family member or close friend then typed it up. Harry S. Truman Library, Independence Vic H. Housholder Diary 315 The errors of the typescript almost invite an editor to correct misspellings and add the words the author dropped, and for sake of uniformity change capitalizations, and even break up sentences that sometimes run on interminably. The original of the account that follows is, of course, in the Harry S. Truman Library at In dependence.1 February 7 and 8, 1947 Dave Henderson, Armco's Washington representative, drove me to the northwest gate (Pennsylvania Avenue front entrance) at 4:45 P.M. on February 7, 1947. As the car entered the gate, two secret service men stepped up, one on each side of the car, and the gateman, special White House police, asked what we wanted. I told him that I was to be an overnight guest of the President and handed him one of my letters from the President. When he saw my name he said, "Oh, you're Mr. Housholder, welcome to the White House, Mr. Hous holder, go right in. Here's your letter; you will no doubt want to keep it." As the car approached the front entrance, out rushed a Negro butler in "tails," took my bags, and asked me to follow him. At the front door I was met by Mr. Searles, head usher, who said, "Welcome to the White House, Mr. Housholder, the President is expecting you. Come with me." We went to a small elevator just to the right of the foyer and up to the second floor. He told the butler to take me to the Lincoln Room. There the butler insisted on unpacking my bag, but I "shooed" him out, stating that that was too much service, and that I might have something in my bag I didn't want him to see. He wanted to know if I had any laundry or cleaning or pressing that I wanted done. I told him, "No." He informed me that the President was down in the swim ming pool and would be up shortly and come to my room. Then he left. In about two minutes he returned and said the President had returned and said for me to join him in the pool. Upon arrival at the pool, the President had finished his swim and had just been given a massage (by an army sergeant) and was dressing, had on i Those interested in the editorial changes from the original account may examine the diary at the Truman Library. A xerox copy may be requested from the library for the minimum charge of $5. 316 Missouri Historical Review NPS, Abbie Rowe Courtesy Truman Lib. White House, Washington, D. C. only his shorts when he rushed up to greet me. When he finished dressing we started for his private study (Oval Room on second floor). On the way we stopped in his personal dentist's office where the dentist examined his teeth. As we left there he told me that that was daily routine. Upon arriving at his study he asked me to be seated, and as he sat down beside me he said, "Mrs. Truman is not here just now. She's out to some tea, but will be in shortly and come in to meet you. Margaret is in New York studying music." The President immediately asked about Bill. I showed him Bill's picture in his Marine blues and told him about him. Then he asked about Bob and I told him about him. Then he asked if I had ever had any further word about Tom. I told him that I had not, and he said, "I did everything I possibly could to develop some further information on that case. I had General Marshall come right here to this office and I gave him the story and gave him your letter and told him to spare no time or effort on the matter."2 We then engaged in an "old pal" visit during which he told me, "Vic, this being President of the United States is the g- d est job in the world. The duties and demands in themselves are bad enough but the way I'm treated by the secret service, 2 Thomas Housholder, Vic's eldest son, a pilot had been shot down in World War II. Apparently he was killed, but in 1947 the son remained listed as missing. Vic H. Housholder Diary 317 the servants, etc., is worst. They treat me like I was a China doll. This floor (second) is the private home of the President and the First Lady. Here I am allowed some privacy, but if I go down one floor, or up one floor, I am immediately met by the secret service men and escorted wherever I go. I can't even go to the toilet without one of those g- d— fellows going with me. If I go out in the car, two carloads precede me and one follows. If I go on a plane trip, two planes go ahead of me and one follows. If I go on a train, one train precedes mine and one follows. Oh, I tell you it is literally hell. I get up at 5:30 each morning and take a two-mile walk. There are always two of them with me. I fooled them one morning and got away by myself, but I sure did catch hell for it from the chief of the secret service." There were many gifts and autographed photographs around in the room and naturally I mentioned them and he said, "I am going to show them all to you later. I've got a special plan for that." I told him I had a valentine for Mrs. Truman, but when I gave it to her, I didn't want him around. He replied, "Well, you're out of luck, because I'm not leaving here." During our conversation I mentioned Eddie Welch ("West ward Ho" bellboy captain). He told me that Welch was never in Battery "D," that he was in some infantry unit during the war, but in the same division.3 Later, about 6:00 P.M., Mrs. Truman arrived. She is a most gracious, lovable soul. Well, we all held a very nice visit. I told her that Mrs. Holmquist sent her her love and she said, "Oh, do you know her? She was Louise Ross, Charles Ross's sister." I told her I knew this and that the Holmquists were good friends of mine.4 She then asked me, "Didn't you come here from Middletown, Ohio, and aren't you connected with the American Rolling Mills Company?" I told her, "Yes," and she wondered if I knew Ed Brown who is there now, and used to be in Denver. I told her I did, and she said, "I know him, he is a very close friend of my brother, Fred Wallace, in Denver." She mentioned to the President that she understood Margaret was calling from New York and asked, "Why didn't you talk to 3 It is impossible to identify this Edward Welch, who apparently served in the 35th Division in World WTar I. 4 Charles Ross, press secretary to the president from 1945 until his death in 1950, had graduated from Independence High School in 1901 in the same class as President and Mrs. Truman. 318 Missouri Historical Review her?" He replied that he didn't want to talk to her until she came in so they could both talk to her. Later the phone call came and the President talked to Mar garet first. Mrs. Truman then talked to her and even though the President and I were busy talking he evidently was listening to Mrs. Truman also because when she finished talking and re joined us the President said, "What's the matter, Madam [he calls her Madam], is something wrong?"5 She said, "Oh no! Why?" He said, "Oh, I heard you talking to her in rather strong terms and I just wondered." To which she replied, "Oh, these girls, if she thinks I'm still not going to have the say on what she is going to do, etc. etc., etc., she has a lot to learn." President Truman replied, "Well, I don't see what's wrong with her doing so-so-so." Mrs. Truman said, "Well, I do and you should too, and you should have told her so-and-so. I wouldn't have had to." And ignoring me completely they "had it out" for quite some 5 The bracketed explanation is Housholder's. US Office of War Inf., NA President Harry S. Truman Vic H. Housholder Diary 319 time, just a neat little husband-and-wife "spat." One more indica tion of just how human they are. Mrs. Truman started to excuse herself and leave, and I told her I had a valentine for her, but I wanted to give it to her alone, that I wanted the President to leave and had told him so, but that he refused. She said to him, "Get on out of here, leave us alone." He said, "I'm not going to do it, I'm going to stay here with you." I went to my room and got the valentine (number-five choice dates in a plastic lucite box, all done in red ribbons and hearts). The President stuck right there and gave her his pocket knife to cut the string with. They both ate several of the dates (Moctum and Daglet Novirs) and really did like them. After this Mrs. Truman said, "Well, I must go and leave you to your dinner." Too which I inquired, "Aren't you going to be with us?" And she replied, "No, this is for you men." At 7:00 P.M. the President said, "Come on, let's go eat." This of course was the thing that I had been most anxious about; how was I to conduct myself at a dinner in the White House with the President? We went down to the ground floor and headed for the State Dining Room. I could hear several voices, which I had figured were the servants. As we entered the anteroom here was a group of men: Senator Carl Hayden; Senator Ernest McFarland; Representative John Murdock; Represent Dick Harless; Major Gen eral Ralph Truman, cousin of the President, a commander of in fantry in our division; Colonel John Uncles, Lieutenant Colonel Ed Condon, both former members of Battery "D"; Major General Harry Vaughan, military aide to the President, with whom I was commissioned in the artillery officers school at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, back in 1917. This was entirely a surprise to me, and what a wonderful one it was! The parlor service was stacked up on a service table and the President said, "What are we waiting for? Everybody pour his own, you can't expect the President of the United States to pour your drinks." A little later Senator Hayden stepped up for his refill and I stepped up and offered to pour one for him. The President then stepped up and said, "The hell you do; you're too liberal with somebody else's whiskey." 320 Missouri Historical Review NPS, Abbie Rowe, Courtesy Truman Lib. Gen. Harry H. Vaughan, Presidential Aide for Military Affairs With the matter of appetizers cared for, the President asked us to be seated. We were seated as shown below: Senator Hayden General Truman General Vaughan Representative Harless Representative Murdock Lieutenant Colonel Condon Colonel Uncles Senator McFarland President Vic H. The entree of the meal was prime ribs, the trimmings were just as casual. As we were leaving the table I asked the President to autograph my place card, which he did. I also asked him if 1 might have his card, and he very graciously autographed it also and handed them to me. Following dinner we all went out and marched down the great staircase, down which all the Presidents and their wives come at state formal receptions. From here we went to the President's private study where we had our real "bull session." Here he autographed all the place cards. President Truman steadfastly maintained that he was not going to run for the presidency; our representatives in Congress Vic H. Housholder Diary 321 just as steadfastly maintained that he was the only man who can win for the Democrats and that he would be drafted. He then showed us his gifts and autographed photographs. A saber from the prince of Arabia, gold sheath studded with $30,000 worth of diamonds. He said, "That's mine personally. The prince made that very clear. What in the hell am I going to do with it? I don't dare dig those diamonds out, all I can do is place it in a museum somewhere."6 A pair of hand-carved guns, a 22 target revolver on a 45 frame, and a hand-carved 45 automatic, both in a beautiful case. A very exquisite oil painting, four feet high by six feet wide, presented to him by the Dutch people. They raised the money to pay for it by popular subscription, and a book fourteen inches wide by sixteen inches long and four inches thick contains the signatures of those who donated it. The picture is "The Departure of the Fishing Fleet." Autographed photographs of Winston Churchill, Mackenzie King, the King of England, DeGaulle, Haile Selassie, Madame Chiang Kai-shek, Smuts of South Africa, Stalin, Molotov. The President of course played the piano for us. About 11:30, General Vaughan broke up the party with the timely remark, "Well, Mr. President, if you'll excuse me, I'll be 6 The scimitar together with two other ornamented swords and two daggers eventually went on exhibit at the Truman Library. At 6:30 A.M., March 24, 1978, thieves hacked them out of their case in the foyer and made off with a fortune in jewTels estimated at between $700,000 and $1,000,000. White House, State Dining Room NPS, Abbie Rowe, Courtesy Truman Lib. 322 Missouri Historical Review on my way to Virginia." The President and I bade all the guests good night and when they were gone he said to me, "Someone will call you in the morning. I'll be at my desk at 7:00 A.M. and will meet you there. Good night." Even though the President had told me I was to sleep in President Lincoln's bed, I was skeptical about it and felt that he was pulling one on me. W7hen I was first in the room upon my arrival, I had looked things over and had found an adjoining room with a very nice modern three-quarter bed and I had made up my mind that that was where I would sleep, figuring that I wouldn't desecrate the President Lincoln Room and bed by sleeping in it and thus beat the President at his joke. However, when I now entered the room and found the covers turned down and my pajamas laid out, I figured he really meant that I was to sleep in it. The bed is a huge hand-carved walnut bedstead, the head piece about eight feet tall and the footpiece about four feet tall. All the furniture in the room except for some of the chairs is the same as when President Lincoln occupied the room. The white marble-top table on which President Lincoln signed the Emancipa tion Proclamation, January 1, 1863, is there, as is the inkwell in which he dipped his quill when affixing his signature. Before retiring I took occasion to write several letters, Bill, Bob, Mr. and Mrs. McRae, Andy Anderson, and Herman Wagner, on this table, taking the ink out of the inkwell as I wrote. The bathroom and all fixtures are of course modern. My bath was taken in a specially built corner tub. As I crawled in the bed that the Great Emancipator slept in, I'll admit that I felt a bit squeamish, but I did sleep. I was awake before 6:00 A.M. but did not get up. I just lay there trying to make myself realize that it was all not a dream. At 6:30 my phone rang and as I picked up the receiver, before I could speak a voice said, "What the hell are you doing, going to sleep all day?" It was the President of the United States. When I joined him at 7:00 he was busy at his desk and had his radio on the morning news. He immediately arose, turned off the radio, came out in front of his desk, and asked me to be seated. He sat down beside me and we talked turkey. I told him about the wonderful reception of all the Armco men, including Mr. Hook, Mr. Chappel, Glenn Mulligan (ORH secretary), Stuart Ives, etc. etc. etc. etc., to his letters to me, because of the very wholesome and personal nature of them, under the Vic H. Housholder Diary 323 NPS, Abbie Rowe, Courtesy Truman Lib. Lincoln Bedroom, White House circumstances and after nearly thirty years. I told him there were nearly fifty of us (including staff men) at Middletown and that we were from Baltimore to Los Angeles and from Salem to Jackson ville and that while we all represented industry we were generally well up on the "doings of the day" and I stressed the fact that no less than a half-dozen of them had stated in effect, "Those are really wonderful letters. He sure is human and a true, loyal friend. He hasn't let his job go to his head. I'm for a man like that to run this country, and you tell him for me that if he runs for reelection I'm going to vote for him." I added, "At least two of those men stated that they were Republicans." My report pleased the President very much, but he again reiterated that he was not going to run. He told me the details of his ascendancy to the presidency. Here it is. He had just adjourned the Senate (presiding as Vice President), just before 5:00 P.M., and had gone to Senator 's office to talk over plans for the next day's sessions.7 He was called to the telephone and it was Stephen Early who said to him, 7 Here Housholder erred. After adjournment of the Senate, Vice President Truman, on the afternoon of April 12, 1945, walked to the House side of the Capitol to the office of Speaker Sam Rayburn, to attend a session of Ray- burn's "board of education," a congenial group assembled for conversation and drinks. 324 Missouri Historical Review "Harry, come to the White House right away, it is very important." The President told me, "I knew that Bishop Atwood was being buried that day and that President Roosevelt had been named one of the honorary pallbearers and I figured that he had come up for the funeral and that he wanted to talk over some matters with me before going back to Warm Springs. Of course, I went immediately to the White House and was escorted to Mrs. Roose velt's room. There she stood with Early and as I approached, she walked towards me, put her arm around my shoulders, and said, 'Harry, the President has just passed away.' My knees almost buckled under me, but I recovered myself sufficiently to extend my deepest sympathies and say to her that I stood ready to help her in any way I possibly could and if there was any way I could help her just let me know and I would do it. With her arm still on my shoulder she looked me straight in the eye and said, 'Harry, we're all right, we don't need help. You are the one who needs help.' I was sworn in as President in less than an hour and a half after that, and was immediately called upon to make a momentous decision, whether or not we should go ahead with the San Francisco world's conference. I knew, or felt I did, that President Roosevelt would not only want us to go ahead, but would expect us to. Mrs. Roosevelt agreed with me in this respect, Harry S. Truman Taking Oath of Office As President After the Death of President Roosevelt NPS, Abbie Rowe, Courtesy Truman Lib. Vic H. Housholder Diary 325 so I ordered the conference to proceed. There hasn't been a day go by since then that I haven't been called upon to make at least one and sometimes several important decisions. Oh, I tell you, it is one hell of a life." He said that he was kept there at his private study until about 11:00 when he was driven to his Connecticut Avenue apart ment. He went into this apartment next door to his own and had a ham sandwich and glass of milk (his first meal as President of the United States) and then went to bed. He also told me the detailed story of his nomination as Vice President at the Chicago convention. Here it is: "I was definitely determined that I would not accept the nomination when I went to Chicago. I told you fellows that at that breakfast you had for me out in Phoenix, and I hadn't changed my mind. I was chairman of the Missouri delegation and we wanted to get Byrnes nominated. In my capacity of Missouri delegate, I sure was busy contacting key people, had breakfast Monday morning with Green, A.F. of L., Tuesday A.M. with Murray, C.I.O., Wednesday with Bob Hanne- gan,8 always working for our man but in each instance, and many others too, I was 'stomped down' and told that I was the man they were going to nominate. I told them I didn't want to be nominated, that I was happy with my job as Senator and wanted to remain 'that way,' and to me he added, 1 didn't want to be Vice President because I knew that President Roosevelt was a sick man, he had failed terribly since the Yalta Conference,9 and I didn't figure that he would live through another term and I didn't want to have to accept the responsibilities of the offices, and the Madam didn't want me to either. "It went on this way until Thursday. I was in Bob Hannegan's room, he was sitting on one twin bed and I was on the other facing him. The phone rang and it was President Roosevelt calling from San Diego. I heard him say (I was close enough to hear him, he talked very loud over the phone anyhow), 'Have you got that fellow lined up yet?' Hannegan replied, 'No, I haven't. He is the dam , contrariest man I've ever known.' To which Roosevelt replied, 'Well, you tell him for me, if he wants to let his own personal interests split the party wide open right here when we s Labor leaders William Green and Philip Murray; Robert E. Hannegan, chairman of the Democratic National Committee. 9 The president may have referred to the Yalta Conference but obviously meant the Teheran Conference of November-December, 1943. 326 Missouri Historical Review are in the depths of war and probably cause us to lose the war, that is his responsibility, not mine.' "Hannegan told him, 'Truman is sitting here right now, I'll tell him what you said, hold on.' Hannegan looked at me with a quizzical expression, knowing that I had overheard the President's remarks, and without him saying a word to me I told him, 'O.K., go ahead, tell the President I'll accept and will be very proud to be his running mate/ and to me he said, 'That's exactly how it all happened.'" President Truman continued. "Quite some time after the con versation, the President called me to the White House to talk over our campaign plans. We had lunch out back of the White House.10 In discussing the plans, he said to me, 'I'll not be able to do any campaigning, you'll have to do it all, and there's one request I want to make of you.' I asked him what it was and he replied, 1 want you to promise me you'll not do any flying.' I said to him, 'Oh, Mr. President, why do you make that request? I like to fly and I could cover so much more ground,' to which he replied, 'Harry, I'm not a well man, we cannot be sure of my future.'"11 We discussed the "portal-to-portal" pay situation. I told him that Mr. Hook had asked me to discuss the matter with him. I 10 This extraordinary luncheon conference, the only meeting between the president and his vice presidential running mate prior to the election, oc curred on August 18, 1944. See the then Senator Truman's letter to his wife, written the same day, in Robert H. Ferrell, ed., Dear Bess: The Letters from Harry to Bess Truman, 1910-1959 (New York, 1983) , 508-510. 11 Senator Truman's letter to his wife says nothing about the president's health. Perhaps because Truman and wife already were well versed on that subject—both realized that the senator's nomination as F.D.R.'s running mate was equivalent to election to the presidency, for Roosevelt would win reelection and could not survive a fourth term. Mrs. Truman did not want her husband to be president. Perhaps for that reason the senator did everything he could to avoid becoming vice presidential nominee, willingly campaigning for James F. Byrnes at the outset of the Chicago convention. In the letter to his wife Senator Truman described the White House lunch of August 1944, as fol lows: "Then lunch was announced and we went out into the back yard of the White House under an oak tree planted by old Andy Jackson, and the movie men and then the flashlight boys went to work. He [President Roose velt] finally got hungry and ran 'em out. Then his daughter, Mrs. Boettiger, acted as hostess and expressed a lot of regret that you were not there. I told the President that you were in Missouri attending to my business there, and he said that was O.K. He gave me a lot of hooey about what I could do to help the campaign and said he thought I ought to go home for an official notification and then go to Detroit for a labor speech and make no more engagements until we had had another conference. So that's what I'm going to do. . . . [At this point Truman described another meeting that day, with Hannegan, and then returned to the presidential conference.] the President told me that Mrs. R. was a very timid woman and wouldn't go to political meetings or make any speeches when he first ran for governor of N.Y. Then he said, 'Now she talks all the time.' What am I to think?" Ibid., 509-510. Vic H. Housholder Diary 327 Truman Accepting Nomi nation for Vice President, 1944 Kansas City Star told him also that he had called Mr. Hook in for a conference on industrial relations last May. The President stated that he remem bered the occasion very well and that he thought very highly of Mr. Hook. I told the President that we, Armco, now have $20,000,000 in suits filed against us-as $.10,000,000 at the Ashland, Kentucky plant, $5,000,000 at Sheffield Steel at Kansas City, and $5,000,000 at our Butler, Pennsylvania plant, and that there is not one cent set aside in reserve to cover it, and there had been no reason for establishing such a reserve because not a word had been said about such a thing when the latest contracts with labor had been ne gotiated. I told him too that the total of all suits now filed against the steel industry was greater than the combined value, both physical and financial, of all the steel industry in the United States. To all the above the President replied, "Oh, it is the d est tyranny on justice that has ever been perpetrated on the public. They have gone crazy beyond all bounds. They cannot win out, it would wreck our national economy. It just can't be allowed to happen, and Missouri Historical Review Harry Truman At The Piano US Office of War Inf., Courtesy Truman Lib. I don't think it will. You tell Mr. Hook for me not to lose any sleep over the situation. I am advised that the judge in the Mt. Clemens case will render his review of the case now in a day or so and whichever way he holds, whether he confirms his present stand or reverses himself, the losing side will appeal to the United States Supreme Court, and of course I know positively what its action will be. I have it on very reliable authority that it will be favorable to industry. Mr. Hook had also sent along with me one of the pamphlets on his son's (Charles's) program to supplement and assist the U.N. and make it workable and effective in preventing another war. Also a big clipping from the New York World (?) describing the program and also a reprint from the Reader's Digest of the story of Charles's [sic] spearheading General Patton's tank drive across France.12 I gave the President the pamphlet and described the project briefly to him. He said he had heard of it, but wanted to know 12 Apparently Housholder incorrectly used the father's name. See Ira Wolfert. "The War From Inside a Tank," Reader's Digest, XLVI (June, 1945), 81-88. George Hook, son of Charles R. Hook, head of Armco, led his battalion through thick and thin for thirty-seven days, shooting up German columns at the front of the Third Army, until a German shell hit his tank's turret and broke his neck. Hook survived, and recovered fully. Vic H. Housholder Diary 329 more fully about it. He said he would refer the material to his proper secretary, have him brief it for him, and give him the story. He added, "We cannot have another war. We would fight another war but we could never recover from it, win or lose. Another war would so upset our national economy that only chaos would result. I'm interested in knowing about any sound plan designed to pre vent any further wars and will be glad to look into this." The President told me the following little-known details con cerning the atom bomb. He did not caution me to keep it to myself, so I am jotting down these notes here. The atom bomb dropped at Los Alamos, New Mexico, weighed thirteen pounds. The President, Secretary Stimson, and others were in Berlin at the time. When Secretary Stimson informed President Truman of the successful explosion at Los Alamos, the President said to him, "You should be very pleased. After all, we have a few pen nies invested in that project." The President told me we had $3,500,000,000 invested in the atom bomb project up to the Los Alamos explosion.13 The bomb dropped at Hiroshima weighed thirteen pounds also, and the one on Nagasaki weighed thirty pounds and the two used at Bikini each weighed thirty pounds.14 The reason the larger bomb at Nagasaki was less devastating than the smaller one at Hiroshima was because, due to some diffi culty, it was exploded too close to the ground. The President told me that eight ships, not reported publicly, had since Bikini fallen apart at the seams, just deteriorated, and sunk. The United States now has fourteen atom bombs. The President said, "You know it was my decision that caused the bombs to be dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It was my decision to make and I made it and have never regretted it one moment. I figured my decision saved a quarter million United States soldiers' lives. We were all in Berlin—Secretary Stimson, General Marshall, and the others. Our complete plan of operations had been laid before me. Within sixty days we were to launch attacks in the South Pacific that would involve 500,000 of our boys and following that by sixty days we were to attack Tokyo with a force of 1,000,000 men. A careful study of our casualty lists 13 The cost of the atom bomb project up to the end of World War II was in excess of $2 billion; Housholder's higher figure, of course, is in error. 14 Here the president was referring also to the two nuclear tests against ships anchored off Bikini Atoll in the Pacific in 1946, in which one bomb was detonated over the ships and the other underwater. 330 Missouri Historical Review in the South Pacific operations indicated that we would lose 250,000 men in those two operations. I felt that all the Japanese in the world weren't worth the life of one American doughboy and even though I realized that the bombings would mean killing many women and children, I gave the order to drop them and I've never regretted it for one moment. It meant a quick ending of the war that otherwise would have dragged out possibly for years."15 About 8:00 A.M. he said, "Wait here, I've got to go wake up the Madam. That's my regular job." He returned shortly and said that she would join us soon and we would have our breakfast. At about 8:30 a colored butler came in and announced, "Breakfast is served." We met Mrs. Truman at the door of her room and a little further down the corridor we caught up with Mrs. Wallace, Mrs. Truman's mother, who lives in the White House with them.16 I was introduced to her and we all proceeded a long ways, here and there, through various corridors, and finally came out into a semicircular glassed-in breakfast room. It had snowed quite heavy during the night, a light, damp snow that covered every thing—buildings, trees, shrubs and all—and it was a most beautiful sight. Sitting there in that glassed-in room with just the President and the First Lady and her mother having breakfast with them was perhaps the highlight of my visit. They were so wholesomely friendly, everything was so "easy," so thorough and enjoyable. It was wonderful. The meal consisted of Texas pint [sic'] meat grapefruit. Naturally I "bawled" them out for this, and they all got a big kick out of it. The grapefruit episode brought forth from me my Johnny Nelson, "Oh, hell, I could eat a sponge fixed that way" grapefruit story, at which all of them really roared, especially Mrs. Truman. She even broke out laughing several times later during the course of the meal. The rest of the breakfast consisted of eggs straight up, crisp bacon, buttered toast, selection of jellies 15 The president's testimony here ("It was my decision to make and I made it and have never regretted it one moment.") was his standard ex planation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, offered over the years, not merely while in office but in retirement. It is not so clear, however, that he had no afterthoughts, for in 1945 when his director of the budget said to him, "Mr. President, you have an atomic bomb up your sleeve," Truman replied, "Yes, but I am not sure it can ever be used." In retirement Truman recalled the proposals of General Mac Arthur in 1950-1951 to widen the Korean War and shook his head in wonderment: "I could not bring myself to order the slaughter of 25 million noncombatants. ... I just could not make the order for a Third World War." See Robert H. Ferrell, Harry S. Truman and the Modern American Presidency (Boston, 1983), 57. 16 Mrs. Madge Gates Wallace, mother of the first lady, had been a widow since 1903. She died in the White House in 1952. Vic H. Housholder Diary 331 and marmalade, coffee. Pepper was had from what to me was an old-fashioned grinder, which of course you ground yourself, and salt from salt cellars with a small silver spoon. During the meal Mrs. Wallace said that Bess (Mrs. Truman) had told her that I was a friend of Ed Browns. I told her I was, and she remarked, "He is one of the closest friends my son out in Denver, Fred, has, and we know him too. Be sure and remember both of us to him." As we were about to leave the table I said to the President, "Will I be sent to the federal penitentiary for picking up all the monogrammed match folders in my room?" To which he replied, "No, of course not, glad you wanted them." And Mrs. Truman said, "If you want some more, I'll give them to you." And the President added, "I'll give you some of the funny ones." From here we went back to the President's private study. I bade Mrs. Truman and her mother "goodbye" as we reached her room. The President said that Stalin is in good health and he sure hoped he remains that way always. He added, "God Almighty Hessler Studio, Washington, D.C., Courtesy Truman Lib. Mrs. Bess Truman 332 Missouri Historical Review help us if that man Molotov ever succeeds him. He is the most unreasonable, bullheaded man that the world has ever had." As we reached his desk he said, "Where's that picture of Bill?" Of course I thought he wanted me to give it to him and I told him I intended to have an enlargement made of it and send it to him. He said, "Oh, that's fine, but let me have the one you showed me last evening. When I handed it to him, he turned it over and wrote on the back of it, "Best Wishes to Bill from his Dad's Captain, Harry S. Truman." I felt this was just about the grandest feature of my entire visit. With this I went to my room and got a six-link, wooden-link chain that Bill had carved out of a one-inch by one-inch by six-inch stick at El Toro Marine Base and gave it to the President. He admired it very much and put it on his private desk. He picked up a portfolio of papers and said, "Come on. At this time, 9:30 each morning, I have a meeting with my personal staff in the executive office. I went you to meet them. I've got this thing organized on a military basis, both my personal staff and the Cabinet. They each know their job and that I expect them to do it and do it at the right time. It's just like you lieutenants were over in France and by God it is working too. On the way to the executive office we passed by at least a dozen secret service men. Upon our arrival they were all there and I was introduced to each of them. When I was introduced to Charles Ross, I said, "I bring Louise's love to you." To which he replied, "Oh, do you know my sister Louise?" I told him I did, that I knew the Holm- quists very well and that Mrs. H. had asked me to be sure and give you her love. He was very appreciative of it and told me how dearly he loved her, how when "Harry and Bess and I were all in school together, she used to tag along with us and asked me to take his sincerest love to her in return." After meeting the rest of the secretaries, Ross and I stepped back and had quite a chat about the Holmquists during which I told him of the time that Fritz Holmquist and I took the kiddies of the Sunday School class out to Lake Pleasant (two of Fritz's boys and Tom and Bob were in the class) fishing and caught 964 fish in one evening. He said, "Oh, that's too good a fish story, tell it to the President and the rest of them," which I did, with all details, and they admitted it was the best yet. At this point the President said, "Now, Vic, you go into that room right there [point ing to one of the several doors opening off the circular executive Vic H. Housholder Diary 333 room]17 and when I've finished with the conference I'll call for you," then added, "No, wait a minute," and pressed a call button. In came a lady, Rose Conway, to whom I was introduced, and the President said, "Miss Conway, I've just introduced Vic to all these fellows. I know he won't be able to remember all of them, so he'll go with you to your office and you write them out on a list for him, with their names and titles. Maybe sometime Vic might want something back here when I'm not around, and he'll need to write one of these fellows. Give him the list so he'll know which one to contact. Do you hear that, fellows?"18 I accompanied Miss Conway to her office, and there she showed me her new electric typewriter, the one she writes the President's personal letters on. As far as I could tell, the keyboard is just like the ordinary typewriter, but all you have to do is touch the key and the electric impulse operates the machine. Miss 17 The parenthetical remark is Housholder's. 18 Rose A. Conway was private secretary to the president. She held this position through the presidency, and through the years of retirement until Mr. Truman's death in 1972. USN, Courtesy Truman Lib. Charles G. Ross 334 Missouri Historical Review Conway told me you can make thirty-two carbon copies on this machine. She started in to make the list for me that the President men tioned and she had no more than gotten started when the ribbon stuck and broke. She was really embarrassed, but was a good sport about it, said it was absolutely the first bit of trouble she had ever had with it, and it would have to happen for me. We had a very nice visit, during which she had her various assistants come in so I could meet them and they surely were a congenial group. During our visit Miss Conway said, "You know, Mr. Hous holder, the President has lots of guests and friends come visit him here at the White House, but there was never anyone he looked forward to seeing and talked about as much as you. He sure is fond of you." Shortly the buzzer rang and Miss Conway stepped into the executive office, turned to me, and said, "The President is waiting for you." As I entered the office the President was sitting at his desk alone in the room and he said to me, "Come over and sit down." I went over by the desk and sat down in a chair near the end. He said, "Come up closer." I thought that was a rather unusual remark, but I slid my chair up a little closer, at which he said, "Come on up closer. Are you afraid of me? I'm going to autograph this photograph for you." I told him, "I've got one, had it for a year and a half," to which he replied, "I know it, but can't you use two?" This all seemed quite strange to me and I was some what perplexed when all of a sudden one of the doors opened and in came the official White House photographer. That was why the President had wanted me up close to him. The photographer took two pictures of us, one with me seated watching the President autograph the photograph and a second one with me standing up looking down at him and he looking up at me. The President then called Charles Ross in and handed him the autographed photograph and told him to send it to me at Phoenix and also copies of the ones just taken after he had auto graphed them. After the picture-taking the President looked at his watch and said, "In just six minutes I begin a series of fifteen-minute con ferences that run right through till 2:00, when I go to my room Vic H. Housholder Diary 335 NPS, Abbie Rowe, Courtesy Truman Lib. Rose A. Conway and take a thirty-minute nap, after which I go to the pool where you found me yesterday. I'm sorry but I'll have to tell you good bye." However he immediately said, "Wait a minute. Admiral Leahy, my chief of staff, is the first one in this morning. He'll be here right away. I want you to meet him and then you'll have to go—sorry." Just about then the admiral, accompanied by Rear Admiral Foskett, entered the room.19 This is the first five-star admiral I have ever seen. His gold braid reached clear to his elbow. After meeting him and a few exchanges of courtesies, I offered to bid the President goodbye, when he said, "Where are you going from here?" I told him that I was going down to our Washington office. He said, "How are you going to get there?" To which I replied, "In a taxi, I guess, if I can find a way to call one." To which he said, "Wait a minute," and reached over and pushed a buzzer and in came a young looking fellow. The President told him to have Charles (his private chauffeur) bring the car to the front entrance and drive me where I wanted to go. With this I bade the President goodbye, went back to Miss Conway's office, where I met General Vaughan who went with me to my room where I got my bag and then went to the front door where the President's limousine was waiting for me. 19 Rear Admiral James Foskett was naval aide to the president. 336 Missouri Historical Review I do not know what make car it is, but it is really a magnificent car, black, and carries a big silver spread-eagle on the radiator. The streets were very icy, due to the melting of the snow in the early hours of the morning and then freezing as the thermometer took a sudden drop about 10:00. We proceeded very slowly and cautiously and many people on the sidewalks recognized the car and stopped to watch it pass; when they looked back and saw me they turned then eyes in disappointment and went on their way. As we parked in front of the Defense Building, Armco head quarters, and while the driver was getting out and coming back to open the door, at least a dozen people formed a semicircle on the sidewalk to watch the President emerge, but when I got out instead they suddenly dispersed like so much chaff before a wind. This ends a most delightful and thrilling visit with Harry S. Truman, my old battery commander, Battery "D," 129th Field Artillery, 35th Division of World War I, and now the President of the United States—made so particularly because he made me feel at all times that he was genuinely happy to have me with him. If anything, he was even more friendly than when we were in the service together. A World's Fair Here! Saint Louis Commerce, December, 1982. A World's Fair here in 2003 or 2004 is a possibility, but the idea isn't exactly new. Back in 1946, a fair was proposed for 1953-54, ostensibly as a sesquicenten- nial celebration of the Louisiana Purchase. Also to perk up the local post war economy. Stratford Lee Morton, president of the St. Louis Academy of Science, made the suggestion, which was seconded by the Missouri Historical Society. What proved to be the project's undoing was the place suggested for it— the southeastern corner of Forest Park. Walsh Stadium, the Highlands and The Arena were cited as pluses, but nearby residents and hospitals objected to potential noise and traffic problems. The Board of Aldermen opposed the whole idea. Public opinion favored spending for housing and other civic improvements. The nation's involvement in Korea in 1950 spelled finis to the plan. The East St. Louis riverfront may stand a better chance for the proposed 2003 affair. —Norbury L. Wayman HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS NEWS IN BRIEF The Agricultural History Society, Dave Bennett, vice president; Bob Tal- University of Missouri-Columbia, and bott, treasurer; and Kathleen Fannin, the Soil Conservation Service will hold secretary. Dave Bennett, 1209 N.Wr. a multidisciplinary symposium on the 66th Terrace, Kansas City, MO 64118, history of soil and water conservation serves as editor of the Association's at Columbia, Missouri, May 23-26, journal, Western Campaigner. 1984. Speakers will include agricul tural economist Sandra Batie, agron omist Chris Johannsen, historian Har Officers of the Missouri Folklore old Pinkett, Canadian research officer Society are Michael Patrick, president; J. W. Morrison, and British experts Erika Brady, first vice president; on conservation in Africa Norman Elaine Lawless, second vice president; Hudson and Michael Stocking. For Ruth Barton, treasurer; and Don program and registration information Lance, secretary. The Society has in contact Susan Flader, Department of creased its dues and interested persons History, University of Missouri, Co may write Missouri Folklore Society, lumbia, Missouri 65211, or Douglas P.O. Box 1757, Columbia, Missouri Helms, P.O. Box 2890, Washington, 65205. D.C. 20013. Mrs. Leona S. Morris, research as The board of directors and unit sistant for the MISSOURI HISTORICAL commanders of the Missouri Civil War REVIEW, presented the program at Reenactors Association met for the an the January 5 meeting of the Rolla nual meeting, November 12, at the Camera Club at 1201 Forum Drive, Jefferson Landing Historic Site in Jef Rolla. She used slides to illustrate the ferson City. Officers installed for 1984 talk which featured various types of were Gregg Higginbotham, president; historical photographs. An Honor To The Family Springfield Advertiser, March 23, 1847. Any vileness and villainy can be excused in a relative, if he will only become great and prosperous; because he is then "an honor to the family." Library Site Becomes a Feed Lot Kirksville Weekly Graphic, January 30, 1903. The Carnegie library proposition has been knocked out, and the way is now open to secure the lot contemplated as a library site for a feed lot and wagon yard. 337 338 Missouri Historical Review LOCAL HISTORICAL SOCIETIES Adair County Historical Society Officers for 1984 are Jeannine Some 60 members attended the an Cook, president; Bob Nussbaumer, nual dinner meeting of the Society, vice president; Ann Skimkus, record November 28, in the Student Union, ing secretary; Amy Mesnier, corre Northeast Missouri State University, sponding secretary; and John (Bud) Kirksville. Michael G. Davis, profes Fotsch, treasurer. sor of Anthropology at the Univer sity, presented a slide program en Andrewr County Historical Society titled "Indians of the Prairies and At the January 19 meeting in the Plains." Following the program, So courthouse, Savannah, Missouri State ciety President Richard M. Keith paid Representative Tim Kelley presented tribute to eleven RSVP ladies, Mrs. the program. He spoke on "The Mis Ellen Davison and Mrs. Linda Harper souri State Legislature in 1984." Rep for their work at the Society's museum. resentative Kelley also presented the Officers for 1984-1985 are David D. museum with an Official Manual of March, president; Pete Nicoletti, vice the State of Missouri. president; Odessa Ofstad, secretary; Robert Funk, treasurer; and Mildred Audrain County Historical Society Gross, historian. On December 11, the Society held a Christmas open house at the museum, Affton Historical Society Mexico. The museum had been dec Several hundred people attended the orated for the holiday season and Society Christmas party, December 3, refreshments were served. An instru at Oakland. Holiday decorations in mental ensemble from Missouri Mili cluded a turn-of-the-century goose tary Academy provided musical en feather Christmas tree, red velvet bows tertainment. A gift drawing for a and holly. The party also featured handmade quilted tree skirt, a stained festive tunes, wine, punch and other glass Christmas wreath and a china refreshments. Frank Bild presented a "Bye-Low Baby" doll highlighted the proclamation to 90-year-old Oscar event. Crecelius in honor of his contribu tions to the community. Jack Gold Baden Historical Society man presented a flag of the State of The Society meets on the second Missouri to Jeannine Cook, Society Saturday, monthly, at the Baden president. Branch Public Library. The meetings The Society reported that its 6th are open to the public, free of charge. annual Christmas House for children The Society also reported that it con at Oakland entertained 3,800 visitors tinues to compile photos, old news and earned over $2,600. articles, information and oral history Georgia Engelke presented the pro for the archives. This material will gram at the January 26 quarterly meet be used in a future history of Baden. ing at the Affton Presbyterian Church. A feature story December 15, in the She has written two books, Old Six St. Louis Post-Dispatch, focused on the Mile, about the history of the Granite Society and its collections. City area, and The Great American Bottom. Mrs. Engelke told about the Barton County Historical Society early days of that area across the Mis Over 80 members and guests at sissippi River, in Illinois. tended the January 8 quarterly meet- Historical Notes and Comments 339 ing in the Law Memorial Chapel, Bethel German Communal Colony United Methodist Church in Lamar. Members met on November 21 at Elgin Dermott presented the program, the Fest Hall to make future plans "A History of Barton County Fairs." and discuss the use of the open space He traced the county fairs from 1910 south of the Fest Hall. Several per at the old fairgrounds to the present sons interested in the future of the one billed as the largest free fair in colony participated in the discussion. Missouri. A display featured old news On December 4, Christmas in Bethel paper articles, racing sheets and fair included recognition of the many catalogs. Harold Tuck assisted with volunteers who had assisted with the the program and showed slides of fair Harvest Fest. The event included din catalog pages of 1913 and 1920. Wayne ner, a short program of singing and Jones showed 4x4-inch glass slides of band music and the arrival of the various activities of 1910-1920 fairs. Black Santa. Several homes held open house and featured decorations for Bates County Historical Society the holiday season as they would have The Society met November 10 at the been in colony days. The colony Butler City Hall Auditorium. Art schoolhouse opened to show the prog Evans reviewed the bicentennial pro ress in renovating it. A community gram which he had directed in 1976. vesper service concluded the Christ Brief skits and musical numbers mas in Bethel activities. helped refresh memories of that event. On December 2 and 3, the Lyle Blue Springs Historical Society Norman Players gave performances to The November 1 meeting at the mu benefit the Society's Museum of Pi seum featured Francis Vaughn, mayor oneer History. A large cast of local of Lake Tapawingo, as the guest performers participated in the pres speaker. She gave a talk on her book entation entitled "A Three-hundred collection. Dollar Bandstand or Don't Give a The Society held its annual Christ Toot." Eddie Herman wrote the script mas bazaar and silent auction at the which Alan Mundey directed. Jim Dillingham-Lewis House Museum on Porter served as music director and December 10. Proceeds from the event Charlene Porter and Sally Rives were totaled approximately $1,700. accompanists. Proceeds from the per During 1983, the Society served formances will be used for further lunch at 36 auctions to raise funds improvements at the museum com for maintenance and restoration of plex. The Society expressed their ap the Society's buildings. preciation for this generous contribu Karol Witthar, research committee tion by a community group. chairperson, presented the program at the January 3 meeting. She discussed Belton Historical Society some of the papers she has researched The Society held its regular quar for the Society. terly meeting, January 15, in the Mrs. Martha Bakken, sponsor of the community room of the old city hall Society's youth group, reported on in Belton. Sylvia Mooney from the their meetings, activities and fund- Cave Spring Association presented a raising projects during 1983. Members slide program on Cave Spring. The helped with Society projects. The spring is located in William M. Klein group also toured several area sites of Park at Blue Ridge and Gregory interest, built a float for the fall Boulevard in Kansas City. celebration in Blue Springs, and held 340 Missouri Historical Review bake sales and a fish fry. They have ciety, a number of local groups and earned and pledged $1,950 to roof the clubs decorated the home for a Vic Chicago-Alton Hotel building. torian Christmas. Officers of the youth group for On February 12, the Society met 1984 are Julie Richardson, president; for its quarterly meeting at the Co Mark Lancaster, vice president; Shauna lumbia Public Library. Dr. Melvin Bankus, secretary; Julie Richards, Bradley, livestock specialist at the Uni treasurer; and Kenny Miller, corre versity of Missouri-Columbia, pre sponding secretary. sented the program "Missouri Mule- Then and Now." Dr. Bradley is a Bollinger County Historical Society founder of the project to preserve On October 9, the Society held the and record the oral history of the annual meeting in the courthouse, Missouri mules and their owners. Marble Hill. Don Nixon of Annapo lis presented the program on the Bat Cabool History Society The Society has published an in tle of Pilot Knob. He is president of formation sheet about the Frisco ca the South East Missouri Civil War boose on a site near city hall. Featur Round Table. Members made plans ing a picture of the caboose, it relates for a booth at the fall festival in the history of the car and how it was Lutesville on October 15. Freeda and acquired from the railroad. Joe Huskey served as chairmen for the event. Caldwell County Historical Society The Society honored two members The Society announced the appoint at the January 8 quarterly meeting. ment of Mrs. Gay Lee Williams as co Ethel Formway, daughter of the late ordinator for the compilation of a Thomas and Elizabeth Hunziker Form- forthcoming history of Caldwell Coun way, received recognition for her ty. Persons interested in contributing contributions and continued interest family histories or other material for as a member. She and her brother, the book can write for information. Roy Formway of Pomona, California, Her address is Kingston, Missouri donated a large handmade trunk and 64650. other historical articles to the Society. Officers of the Society are Leonard Their grandfather, Englebert Formway, Orr, president; David Reed, vice presi a carpenter and furniture maker, had dent; Mrs. Leonard McNarie, secretary; brought the trunk to this country from and Mrs. Lorene Carroll, treasurer. Germany in the early 1840s. The So Cape Girardeau County ciety also recognized the contributions Historical Society of Clyde Willis, a charter member Robert White, historian and director and the author of "Country Lanes of the Center for Regional History Farm." He has written parts of the and Cultural Heritage at Southeast Bollinger County history and worked Missouri State University, Cape Girar on various Society projects. Mr. Wil deau, was the guest speaker at the lis attended the meeting and discussed January 28 meeting in the community and autographed his new book. room of the Jackson Public Library. He spoke on "Dispensers of Mercan- Boone County Historical Society tiles in Cape Girardeau County." More than 500 visitors toured his toric Maplewood in Columbia during Carroll County Historical Society the Christmas open house, December Members met on January 27 at the 16-18. Under the direction of the So Senior Center in Carrollton. A carry- Historical Notes and Comments 341 in dinner followed reports from the Chariton County Historical Society secretary and treasurer and the annual The Society held its January 15 museum report. Mr. and Mrs. Roy quarterly meeting in the museum, Simms entertained with hunting anec Salisbury. Society members, Mr. and dotes and song. Ed Castle of the Mrs. Robert Couch, gave the program. WTakenda School gave a talk on "His They told about their project or hob tory in the Making." Katie Marie Ad by of visiting all the cemeteries in kins installed the following officers: Chariton County and recording all in Stanley Miller, president; Mrs. Edwin formation found on the stones. They Willis, first vice president; Mrs. George began their project in 1981 and have Downing, second vice president; Mrs. compiled information on 120 out of Bill Shull, secretary; and Marilyn Bor- 147 cemeteries on their list. chers, treasurer. Civil War Round Table of Cass County Historical Society Kansas City Gail Bennett presented the pro The Round Table held its Novem gram at the January 22 meeting in the ber 22 meeting at the Homestead Community Federal Building, Harri Country Club, Prairie Village, Kan sonville. He shared some of his mem sas. Pat Horan, real estate developer, ories of Loula Long Combs and told conservationist and sculptor of Fort about his interest in show horses. Smith, Arkansas, presented the pro Officers of the Society are Ron Maw- gram. He spoke on "Major General son, president; Marjorie Reid, first vice Patrick Ronayne Cleburne, C.S.A." president; Connie Price, second vice Edwin C. Bearss, chief historian president; Katherine Kenagy, corre of the National Park Service, gave sponding secretary; Dorothy Smith, the program at the January 24 meet recording secretary; and Irene Webster, ing. He spoke on "Grant Derailed— treasurer. December, 1862." Officers of the Round Table are Cedar County Historical Society James Davis, president; Gregory Her- Some 30 persons attended the Oc mon, first vice president; Edwin Shutt, tober 31 meeting at the Community second vice president; Mark A. Parker, Hall in Jerico Springs. The program secretary; Carolyn I. Pate, treasurer; consisted of a film entitled Our Wild and Dick Southall, program director. Inheritance, shown by Quinten Walsh, Civil War Round Table of St. Louis a conservation agent. The film showed C. Robert Douglas gave the program many kinds of wildlife and their na at the December 7 meeting at Gara- tural habitat. Mr. Walsh also talked velli's Restaurant, St. Louis. George H. about wildlife and answered questions Thomas, "the Rock of Chickamauga," from the audience. was the topic of his talk. The Society held its November 28 The January 25 meeting featured a meeting in the Savings and Loan program on the outcome of the Battle Building, El Dorado Springs. Gordon of Gettysburg. Ed Bearss, chief his Dickinson, drama teacher at the El torian of the National Park Service, Dorado Springs High School, and six addressed the Round Table on the of his students presented the program. Battle of Brandy Station. Their presentation included a read er's theater on the theme of the Pil Civil War Round Table of grims and a dramatic reading of the the Ozarks poem, "The Highwayman." Members met on November 9, at 342 Missouri Historical Review the 89er Restaurant, Springfield. Rick tree decoration or card accompanied by Flatcher, interpretive specialist at Wil an interesting incident of Christmas son's Creek National Battlefield and past. vice president of the Round Table, Association officers for 1984 are brought a film for the program. En Louis Schlickelman, president; Ron titled Antietam Visited, it had been Fuenfhausen, first vice president; Nel- produced by the National Park Service le Bashford, second vice president; as an orientation film for the Antietam Laura Pharis, treasurer; and Zena Battlefield. Page, secretary. William L. Hose presented a slide/ talk show at the December 14 meet Cole Camp Area Historical Society ing. His presentation related to "Ar The Society met on October 10 chitectural investigation and Preser at the Benton County R-l School Li vation work on the Ray House." brary. Roy Donnell presented the The January 11 meeting featured a program, a brief resume of Society program on "Battle of Pilot Knob" activities during the past year. Mem by Frederick Goman. A participant bers continue work on the project of in a reenactment of this battle, he indexing newspapers on microfilm. spoke on the Confederate attack at Officers of the Society for the coming Pilot Knob. year are Roy Donnell, president; El- don Feldman, vice president; Leland Clay County Historical Society McCafferty, treasurer; and Delia Mae Officers of the Society are Ron Grabau, secretary. Fuenfhausen, president; Peggy Thomp The presentation of "Uncle Ki" son and Lyle Pinneck, vice presidents; highlighted the December 12 meeting. Lucille Lamp, secretary; and Walt Roy Donnell, who has been research McKenzie, treasurer. Correspondence ing the topic for four years, gave the should be mailed to: Clay County His presentation. He has compiled many torical Society, Ron Fuenfhausen, Pres facts about the freed slave, Hezekiah ident, 232 S. Leonard, Liberty, MO Fowler, a prominent citizen of Cole 64068. Memberships and donations Camp. During the business meeting, should be sent to: Clay County His the historic sites committee recom torical Society, P.O. Box 15183, Kan mended that the Black Cemetery be sas City, MO 64106. appropriately marked and also sug The Society invited the members gested the erection of a fence to pro of the Clay County Museum Associa tect the area. tion to their January 12 meeting in the courthouse, Liberty. Mr. and Mrs. Crawford County Historical Society Tom Williams, owners of Sandy's On December 15, the Society held Antiques Ltd., and the Woodstripper, the annual Christmas party and gave a talk on the restoration and care carry-in dinner at 304 Smith Street, of antiques. Cuba. Guests included a past presi dent of the Society and his wife, Mr. Clay County Museum Association and Mrs. Cecil Trotwein of St. James. The Association held the annual Officers of the Society for 1984 are Christmas party at the museum, Lib Dorothea Presson, president; Clarence erty, on December 18. Members of the "Tex" Russell, vice president and his Clay County Historical Society joined torian; Gladys Kerr, acting secretary; in the celebration. The show and tell Allen Kerr, treasurer; Wanda Engle, program featured a favorite toy, doll, chaplain; and Mabel Russell, librarian. Historical Notes and Comments 343 Daviess County Historical Society Ferguson Historical Society The Society continues to work on its Officers of the Society are Lawrence major project of publishing a new Nienaber, president; Mrs. Phil Sheri history of Daviess County. dan, vice president; Irvine Skinker, treasurer; and Mrs. Guyon Smith, DeKalb County Historical Society secretary. The Society met in the community room of the courthouse in Maysville Florissant Valley Historical Society on October 16. Lola Munshaw served On October 1, the Society celebrated as program leader and her son, the its 25th anniversary at Taille de Noyer. Rev. Joe Munshaw, of Oregon, Mis Displays featured items from the So souri, presented the program. He ciety's quilt collection and collections showed slides of the Holy Land taken of antique wine glasses and baskets. in 1983. Members viewed and heard about a center for biblical studies in Friends of Arrow Rock Jerusalem, the abundance of agricul Officers are Mrs. Whitney E. Kerr, tural products in the country and the Kansas City, president; Dr. John R. tents of the Bedouins which have re Lawrence, Arrow Rock, and Mrs. mained the same for many years. Henry Hamilton, Marshall, vice pres Bill Free gave the program at the idents; Mrs. J. Taylor Smith, Arrow November 20 meeting. He discussed Rock, secretary; William G. Buckner, the progress of conservation in the Marshall, treasurer; and Mrs. William area. He told about the wildlife na T. Burge, Arrow Rock, reporter. The tive to the county up to the present group's mailing address is Friends of writh the restocking of deer, turkey Arrow Rock, P.O. Box 124, Arrow and other game. Mrs. Doris Dunham Rock, Missouri 65320. presented over 30 genealogy books from the J. D. Dunham collection to Friends of Missouri Town-1855 the Society. On December 10 and 11, the Friends On December 4, the officers and held the Christmas open house at Mis committee chairmen met to plan for souri Town, near Blue Springs. Vari the coming year. They approved the ous buildings in the village were dec topics for the first four programs. The orated for the holiday season. Carlene meeting also included a report on the Hale served as chairman of the event Society's planned cemetery census up which included craft items for sale, date. a sewing bee, a children's room and refreshments. Dent County Historical Society The Society met at the Community Grand River Historical Society Center in Salem on December 10. Fol On January 10, the Society held a lowing a covered-dish supper, Mrs. regular quarterly meeting in the com Opal Bennett presided at the business munity room of the Coburn Building, meeting. The program featured a Chillicothe. Members conducted a humorous presentation by Lisa Wilker- brief business meeting after a carry-in son, a drama student at Salem High dinner. Vincent Moore gave a talk on School. Mrs. Kathy Love, a represen the history of Edgewood Cemetery at tative of the Missouri Committee for Chillicothe. He showed slides of the the Humanities, gave a slide presen more unusual and historical monu tation on grants available from the ments in the cemetery to illustrate committee. the program. 344 Missouri Historical Review Grandview Historical Society Members met for the third annual The November 7 meeting at 705 Christmas dinner on December 9 at Main Street, Grandview, featured a the Sullivan Holiday Inn. Guest speak program by Society member Jess Clark. er, Patrick H. Steele, executive vice He showed slides he had taken dur president of the Missouri Heritage ing the summer on a trip around the Trust, gave a slide program. The pres world. Members of the Society found entation featured the Pelster house- the pictures of China and Russia most barn near New Haven. interesting. Officers of the Society are Wallace Nearly 100 members attended the O. Anderson, president; Evan Sasman, annual Christmas dinner on Decem vice president; Bernard M. Brown, sec ber 5. retary; and Robert Anderson, treasurer. The Society reported that it is work Harrison County Historical Society ing with the city to secure a site for Mrs. Roberta Cuddy Koch, of North a possible museum building. Kansas City, donated to the Society Greene County Historical Society a large brick mansion at 1218 West The Society held the November- Main in Bethany. The Society plans December meeting at Battlefield Her to restore the house built in 1882. itage Cafeteria, Springfield, on Decem Members of the Society also con ber 1. Paul Moser gave a talk on the tinue preparations for opening their topic, "Origins Of Southwest Missouri new museum at 1504 Fuller Street in Counties and Their Names." Bethany. Grundy County Historical Society Phoebe Apperson Hearst Members of the Society held the an Historical Society nual meeting on December 4 at the The Society held the annual meet Grundy County Jewett Norris Library ing on November 6 in the Community in Trenton. Committees reported on Building in Sullivan. A business ses their activities for the year. Mrs. Mil sion followed a carry-in dinner. Of dred Barnes, retiring president, ex ficers elected were Ralph Gregory, pressed thanks to the clubs, organiza president; Mrs. Elizabeth Bruns, vice tions, volunteers and business firms president; Mrs. Mabel Reed, secretary- that supported the museum and made treasurer; and Helen Ely, historian. possible the attendance of 4,000 during Henry County Historical Society the 1983 season. Members met on October 20 at the Officers elected were Mrs. Sharon Henry County Museum and Cultural Lafferty, president; Dr. Alfred Hum Arts Center, Clinton. A local antique phreys, vice president; Leola Harris, dealer discussed and displayed antiques secretary; and Mrs. Edna Earl Lager, and collectibles. treasurer. Some 35 members and guests at tended the December 15 meeting. The William S. Harney vocational class of Clinton High School Historical Society presented the program that described On October 29-31, Halloween week the architecture of historical homes in end, the Society held its first "Spook the area. Manor" at the Harney mansion in Sullivan. Over 700 people, young and Historic Hermann old alike, attended the event which The group held its 11th annual raised money for the restoration of award dinner on November 19 at the the mansion. United Methodist Church in Her- Historical Notes and Comments 345 mann. Lester Filer received the res of the Glenn House featured the toration and preservation grant of theme, "Christmas Music." The Glenn $1,000 for restoration work on an old House opened for other showings on house at 3rd and Gutenberg Streets December 3, 6, 8, 10, 13 and 15. Visi in Hermann. A plaque for long serv tors saw and heard several types of ice to the German School Board was Christmas music and viewed the tra awarded to Ray Radtke. He also has ditional doll display, a caroling scene. been in charge of maintenance of the post office building as well as the Historical Association of school. Patrick Steele, executive vice Greater St. Louis president of the Missouri Heritage The Association met on November Trust, presented the program. He 20 at the Women's Building, Wash showed slides of the Pelster barn, lo ington University for a program in cated 25 miles from Hermann. The the Ralph P. Bieber Memorial Lec presentation illustrated the steps in ture Series, Walter Ehrlich spoke on volved in the acquisition and restora "The Jewish Community in St. Louis: tion of the building. Some Historical Observations." Mr. On January 16, members met for Ehrlich is professor of History at the the annual meeting at the German University of Missouri-St. Louis, School Building in Hermann. Mar Officers of the Association are John jorie Beenders was the guest speaker. R. David, president; William Barnaby She is director of the Missouri Division Faherty, S.J., vice president; Patricia of Tourism in Jefferson City. R. Otto, secretary; and Judith A, David, treasurer. Historical Association of Historical Society of Polk County Greater Cape Girardeau On November 17, the Society held The Association sponsored the 15th its annual Thanksgiving dinner meet annual Heritage Ball on November 12 ing at the Homestead Restaurant in at the arena, Cape Girardeau. Mrs. Bolivar. Finis Anderson gave a presen Lyle Davis and Mrs. James Kinder tation of early classical jazz music in served as chairwomen for the event Missouri. He played some selections which included dinner, dancing, a from his collection of old jazz records grand auction and silent auction. Us and related a bit of history concern ing the theme "Everthing's Coming Up ing this type of music. Roses," the Heritage Ball is the major fund raiser for the Association. Holt County Historical Society Dr. Frank Nickell, of Southeast Mis The Society announced the forth souri State University, Cape Girardeau, coming second printing of its limited gave the program at the November 14 edition cemetery census, from 1821 to meeting in the community room of 1981, entitled Gone Home. The hard the Cape Girardeau Public Library. bound volume features over 500 pages, He spoke on "Folklore in Local His 2,000 pictures, maps of townships and tory." lists of all cemeteries. The cost of On November 19, the Carriage House $75.00 includes delivery, expected mid Craft Shop and the Glenn House summer 1984, anywhere in the United opened for the first showing of the States. Correspondence and orders for 1983 Christmas season. Mrs. Santa the book should be sent to: Holt greeted visitors to the shop and served County Historical Society, P.O. Box refreshments. The interior decorations 133, Forest City, Missouri 64451. 346 Missouri Historical Review Jasper County Historical Society vice president; Warren Welsh, second The Society held its December 4 vice president; Gene West, treasurer; meeting at the home of Eleanor Cof- and Lori J. Harris, secretary. field, in Carthage. The hostess fur The Society announced the comple nished refreshments and presented tion of the 1984 History of Callaway the program. The presentation fea County. tured slides of landmarks in Missouri, Laclede County Historical Society from the Tri-State Marker at South Society member Darlene Oyler in west City to Tom Sawyer's white board vited members to an open house on fence at Hannibal. December 11 at her historic home, Officers elected for 1984 were Dan Oakland Mansion, near Lebanon. Crutcher, president; Eleanor Coffield, Jacob Blickensderfer built the house Marie Chitwood, J. R. Miller and in 1887. Nell Petterson, vice presidents; Wal ter Krummel, secretary; Don Adam- Lawrence County son and Nadine Crockett, cotreasurers; Historical Society and Marvin VanGilder, archivist and The Society held its regular meet historian. ing, January 15, at the Jones Memor ial Chapel, Mt. Vernon. Douglas Joplin Historical Society Seneker presented the program on On December 4, the Society held a "Songs of the Civil War" and ac Christmas open house, at the Doro companied himself on the banjo. thea B. Hoover Museum in Joplin. The event also included a tea and Lewis County Historical Society bake sale. Members met for the annual meet Phylis Close presented the program ing at the Owl's Nest in Canton on at the January 24 meeting in the October 3. President Stuart Purvines museum, Joplin. She discussed "Plates: gave the annual report indicating the New, Old and Hand Painted." Society's continued growth in financial On February 21, the meeting fea status, membership and resources. tured a program on fans and fancy Planned projects for the coming year boxes by Virginia Marshall. were outlined. Members voted to pre sent honorary life memberships to Kansas City Westerners Alyce Lake and Paul Sellers. Officers The Posse met on December 13 at reelected were Stuart Purvines, presi the Homestead Country Club, Prairie dent; Dr. Clark Todd, vice president; Village, Kansas. Tom Watson gave a Jean Purvines, secretary; and Louise slide presentation on the Cowboy Art Orange, treasurer. Museum. Located at Kerrville, Texas, the museum opened to the public in Miller County Historical Society 1983. Jack Bernet presented a special Members from Eugene hosted the reading of "The Night Before Christ family carry-in Christmas dinner at mas." Members brought gifts for an the Tuscumbia School on December exchange. 11. The Eldon "Sweet Adelines" pro vided the program. A drawing was Kingdom of Callaway held for raffle items, a porcelain Historical Society baby doll and a ceramic Christmas The Society met on November 21 tree. Ruth Porter also won a porcelain in the Presbyterian Church, Fulton. doll for selling the most raffle tickets. Officers elected for 1984 were Delores Edith Crawford made and donated the Tucker, president; Bill Boyd, first dolls for the fund-raising event. Historical Notes and Comments 347 On January 8, the Society held a Glenn Chambers, regional director of regular quarterly meeting at the court Ducks Unlimited and winner of the house annex in Tuscumbia. Members 1984 Missouri Duck Stamp competi Burl (Bud) and Helen Henderson of tion, was the guest speaker at the Lake Ozark gave a slide and lecture January 12 meeting. He gave a talk on program. It featured their group bus wildlife hunting in the early days of trip to the northwestern United States, Missouri and the West. Canada and Alaska as far as Nome. A program on "Photography in the Early West" highlighted the February Montgomery County 9 meeting. Member Dale E. Graham Historical Society provided the program. Members hosted an open house at Society headquarters in Montgomery Old Trails Historical Society City on November 25. The Society in The Society met on November 16 vited the public to view the telephone at the Daniel Boone Library, Ellisville. office which the group had restored. Ed Steele presented the program on The office was located in one room of genealogical research and how to trace the building purchased by the Society. your ancestry. On January 18, the Society held its Native Sons of Kansas City meeting at Balducci's Restaurant in Members held their annual meet Manchester. The restaurant is located ing on November 18 at the Hoof and in a historic building dating back to Horn Club in the old Livestock Ex 1890. change Building in Kansas City. Pa Overland Historical Society tricia C. Miller presented the program Ron Edwards presented the program on the history of Westport. for the January 11 meeting at the Overland Community Center. He John G. Neihardt Corral of showed slides of a log house. the Westerners The December 8 meeting at the Pettis County Historical Society Haymarket Restaurant, Columbia, fea The Society met at the courthouse in tured a buffalo roast and gift exchange. Sedalia on November 28. Henry C. Dr. William House, retired director Salveter, a Sedalia attorney, spoke on of the Biological Research Division the famous 1870 Johnson County, of the Midwest Research Institute Missouri, case known as the "Old Kansas City, spoke on the fur trade Drum" trial. George Graham Vest, of Officers installed were Dr. Robert M the Sedalia law firm of Phillips and Eastman, sheriff; Dr. H. Todd Strad Vest, delivered his famous "Eulogy to ford, undersheriff; Dr. Robert E the Dog" speech at this trial. Bregant and Dr. Clarence M. Pickard deputy sheriffs; Glennis Elder, regis Phelps County Historical Society trar of marks and brands; Helen M The Society met on October 16 at Solter, keeper of the chips; Arthur the Methodist Church in St. James. McArthur, roundup foreman; Anthony The church recently had been re Lampe, chuck wrangler; Kate King, stored. The church choir presented exhibits wrangler; Hilda Petri, judge; the program. Jerry Cohen told about Dale E. Graham, daguerreotype wrang the Society's newsletter. ler; Harry Robinson, historian; and In connection with the local tour Ed Crigler, tallyman and representa ism program, the Society has published tive. a brochure, "Rolla Historical Tour." 348 Missouri Historical Review The brochure features a map of many corresponding secretary; Ethel Blom- of the downtown historical sites. In field, parliamentarian; and Jo Wood, terested persons can use it for a self- historian. guided tour of Rolla. Mary Lee Moles presented the pro gram at the January 8 meeting. The Pike County Historical Society presentation featured a unique musical The Society met at the Merton parody on the development of women's Carlson home in Louisiana for the hats. January 10 meeting. The home is on the National Register of Historic Randolph County Historical Society Places. Guest speakers were Patrick On August 20 and 21, a passenger Steele, vice president of Missouri Her train pulled by Norfolk & Western itage Trust, and Robert Christie, an Steam Engine #611 arrived in Mo- interior designer and restorationist. berly with 1,600 rail fans. Members of The Society plans a rural survey of the St. Louis Chapter of the National historic sites in the county to preserve Railway Historical Society sponsored the history and heritage of the area. the two roundtrips from St. Louis to Moberly. Over 3,000 persons from Pleasant Hill Historical Society over 20 states and 4 foreign countries Patty Sudhoff planned the program toured the Society's museum that for the January 29 meeting at the mu weekend. Donations and the sale of seum. The program featured A.F.S. souvenirs totaled over $700. students, Fiona Clark of Australia and Members held their annual dinner Carlos Rico of Spain. at the Colonial Inn in Moberly on Officers of the Society are Alva November 7. Dr. Howard Marshall, Campbell, president; Patty Sudhoff, director of the Missouri Cultural vice president; Hazel Myers, secretary; Heritage Center, Columbia, was the and Nadine Ingels, treasurer. guest speaker. He addressed the group Pony Express Historical Association on development and growth of mu Patee House Museum joined the seums with special emphasis on living Pony Express Region Tourist Infor history museums. mation Center in sponsoring a North Ray County Historical Society west Missouri-Northeast Kansas Tour The Society held its annual carry-in ism Conference in St. Joseph on dinner at the Eagleton Center in Rich November 18. Businesses and individ mond on December 30. Janet LaBar uals interested in tourism attended the played selections on the piano during conference. A tour of historic sites in dinner. Janet Bruce, curator of the cluded the Association's properties, John Wornall House Museum in Kan Patee House and the James Home. sas City, presented the program. She Members noted the 20th anniversary spoke on "Christmas in the John of the Association at the December 4 Wornall House, 1860." A question and meeting and election of officers in answer period followed her talk. Patee House. Mary Ann Penniston and Julie Gerhardt presented a program Raytown Historical Society of Christmas music. Officers elected On December 4, the Society held its were Gary Chikote, president; Frank first Christmas open house at the mu Popplewell, first vice president; Betty seum in Raytown. A special exhibit for Bristow, second vice president; Waldo December featured antique toys and Burger, treasurer; Shirley Alcorn, re dolls and reproductions. cording secretary; Virginia Cundiff, The Society held its annual oyster Historical Notes and Comments 349 stew/steak soup supper on January 23 of the St. James Historical Grade at Smith Brothers Hall, Raytown. School. The Society plans for the re Lura Beth Friel installed the 1984 of stored building to be used as a com ficers. They are Pauline Clifton, pres munity center and an art and histor ident; Phyllis Miller, first vice presi ical museum. dent and program chairman; George Crews, second vice president and mem Saint Joseph Historical Society bership chairman; Carol Pitts, record Officers for 1984 are Dr. George ing secretary; Katherine Whitehouse, Richmond, president; Ron Auxier, corresponding secretary; and Earl vice president; Mrs. W. H. Guenther, Jones, treasurer. corresponding secretary; Mrs. Jack Habig, recording secretary; and Her St. Francois County bert Iffert, treasurer. Historical Society The Society is making plans for a Members met in the civic room of spring festival at Robidoux Row in the Ozarks Federal Savings and Loan St. Joseph. Building in Farmington on October 26. Jon Cozean showed copies of two very rare films dealing with Nazi Scotland County Historical Society Germany. One featured Eva Braun's The Society and the museum com home movies and the other included mittee sponsored a Christmas open the last newsreel released in Germany house at the Downing House Museum, before the fall of the Third Reich. Memphis. The event marked the first Fred P. Womack presented the pro time the museum had been decorated gram at the November 16 meeting. He for Christmas. Each downstairs room discussed the Saline Valley (Houck) featured a Christmas tree with orna Railroad which ran through Perry, ments and memorabilia in keeping Ste. Genevieve and St. Francois coun with Christmases of the 1850-1860 ties and ended in Farmington. period. The open house began De cember 18 and continued throughout St. James Historical December. The museum is now open Preservation Society each afternoon, Monday through Fri The Society sponsored an open house day, until 4:30. fund raiser on November 27 at Land mark Farms northwest of St. James. Shelby County Historical Society Originally known as Edgewood'Farms, The Society met on January 3 at it was built in the early 1870s by Wil the Mercantile Bank in Shelbina. Mrs. liam James for his Iron W7orks super Joan Bierly presented an interesting intendent and relative, David Carson. program. The present owners, Drs. John, Robert and Don James made the home avail Smoky Hill Railway and able for the event. Society members Historical Society decorated the house to reflect dif The November 11 meeting featured ferent periods of history, from Vic the annual chili and steak soup sup torian to modern times. The event also per at the Raytown VFW Hall. Tom featured Christmas trees throughout and Mary Harter and Harold and the house, refreshments and secular Mary Yost served as hosts for the fund- and sacred music by several groups. raising event. The program included Proceeds from the open house will be the showing of tapes of Society activi used by the Society for the renovation ties and related material. 350 Missouri Historical Review South East Missouri Civil War on November 20, in the City-County Round Table Community Center, Nevada. Mary G. Members met at the Country Kitchen Williams, of Springfield, presented a Restaurant in Annapolis on Decem slide talk entitled "Tour of the Execu ber 1. John F. Bradbury, Jr., gave a tive Mansion" about the Missouri talk and slide show on "Fort Wyman Governor's Mansion history and res and Rolla during the Civil War." A toration. Missouri Mansion Preserva manuscript specialist, University of tion Speakers Bureau provided the Missouri at Rolla, he approached the program. subject from both the history and Officers reelected were Dr. Miriam archaeological findings. Gray, president; Lee Sparks, vice pres The January 5 meeting featured a ident; Alice Hill, recording secretary; program by David Dillard of Arcadia. Wilma Hamblin, treasurer; Pat Bro He gave a criticism of the Confeder phy, corresponding secretary; and Bet ates' military leadership as a cause for ty Sterett, historian. J. A. (Albert) the South's defeat. The topic stimu Armstrong has been appointed man lated membership discussion. ager of the Bushwhacker Museum, with responsibility for maintenance Tri-County Historical and and security. Museum Society The Society, in cooperation with the The Society reported that several University of Missouri-Columbia De hundred visitors had enjoyed the mu partment of Archeology and the Cul seum and agricultural building in tural Heritage Center, arranged a King City this past season. Each week two-day program, December 10 and end featured some special exhibit or 11, in Nevada. On December 10, a demonstration. On August 6, Isabel meeting in the City-County Commu Limpp presented her book, King City, nity Center included Dr. Carl H. 1856-1940, to the public. Profits from Chapman, of the University of Mis the sale of the book will be contrib souri-Columbia, as the featured uted to the Society. speaker. He spoke on "The Osage In On September 17, a living history dians in Missouri from Time Imme and crafts day featured crafts demon morial till their removal to Kansas." strations and the making of sorghum, Other speakers discussed the future cider and apple butter. In the kitchen of the Brown archeological site near of the agricultural building, butter Nevada. An Osage village site from was churned and bread baked. about 1675 to 1775, it is currently Supported by the Missouri Commit owned by the Archeological Conserv tee for the Humanities, a workshop ancy. On December 11, some 100 per was held on September 29. Thomas sons attended the special open house Carneal, associate professor of His and viewed the Osage and other In tory, and Dr. John Beeks, professor of dian artifact collections in the Bush Agriculture, both of Northwest Mis whacker Museum. The museum's hold souri State University, Maryville, led ings include the personal collection of the discussion on museum planning. the late W. L. Brown, acquired dur Betty Jo Howitt and Judy Sinkhorn, ing a lifetime of farming on the site. both of King City, also participated in the program. Warren County Historical Society The Society observed its 13th birth Vernon County Historical Society day at the annual business meeting, The Society held its annual meeting October 27, at the Prudential Build- Historical Notes and Comments 351 ing, Warrenton. William Q. Frick and Webster Groves Historical Society Victor Koelling showed moving pic The Society held its annual mem tures taken in Warren County in the bership pre-Christmas party on De 1930s by the late William Zimmerman. cember 15, at the Weyhrich residence Dr. Charles van Ravenswaay, a dis in Webster Groves. Owners of homes tinguished author, lecturer and his at 655 North Forest Avenue and 26 torian, was the guest speaker. He gave Sylvester received plaques from the an illustrated lecture on the cultural Society which honor century homes. life of German immigrants along the lower Missouri River. The Society also Westport Historical Society noted the first anniversary for its War In conjunction with a Victorian ren County Museum and Historical Christmas party, the Society held a Library. Members honored Neal and special showing at the Harris-Kearney Margaret Schowengerdt by dedicating House in Kansas City on December 11. the historical library to them. They Members and friends viewed the south played a major role in organizing the parlor in the 1855 portion of the Society and in establishing the museum house as furnished by The Woman's and historical library. The Society al City Club of Kansas City. Progress in so reported that additional memora decorating the upstairs south bedroom bilia and artifacts have been donated and the central hallway also could be for the Society's collections. seen. Out Of Tune With The World St. Louis Christian Advocate, January 27, 1926. The fellow who is always harping on one string soon gets out of tune with the world. Wild Life Moves To The City St. Louis Christian Advocate, April 7, 1926. Some people tell us that wild life is disappearing in the country. Our own observations lead us to believe that it is just moving to the city. How Many Lives? Columbia Evening Missourian, March 23, 1922. "A cat has nine lives, but a bull frog croaks every night."—Whiz Bang. That's nothing. We know a cow that kicks the bucket every time anyone tries to milk her. 352 Missouri Historical Review GIFTS Y. D. Adair, Lee9s Summit, donor: Copy of material on monument marking graves of Mrs. Abner Adair and children. R* American Royal Association, donor, through Mrs. Joanne Faulkner, Kan sas City: 1982 photographs and various publications describing the 1983 American Royal Livestock, Horse Show and Rodeo. E and R Anheuser-Busch Companies, donor, through William J. Vollmer, St. Louis: Booklets, photographs, posters and fact sheets relating to Anheuser-Busch Companies. R, E and A Frank A. Arnold, Columbia, donor: Grand Lodge Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Missouri, Official Proceedings, 1982. R Sandy Asher, Springfield, donor: Two books written by donor for the Fitzgerald Collection. RFC Mrs. Glenn Beyer, Warsaiv, donor: Benton County Baptist Association Missouri, Minutes, 1983. R Rev. M. W. Bishop, Seal Beach, California, donor: Material relating to Hugh M. Hiller and donor. R William F. Bishop, Jr., West Melbourne, Florida, donor: Data on the Bishop family R Mrs. Virginia Botts, Columbia, donor: Material on "Maplewood" Nifong Home, Columbia, E; material relating to Troxell family and other Missouri-related subjects, R; papers relating to the Lewis and Clark Trail Committee of Missouri. M Trenton Boyd, Columbia, donor: A Memorial Sermon Preached at the Completion of the First Fifty Years History of the Bear Creek Baptist Association at Zion Church, Montgomery County, Missouri, August 17th, 1904, by Robert S, Duncan. R Bea Brittain, Greenwich, Connecticut, donor: "Genealogical charts of the Descendants of Thomas Allen," compiled by donor, R Arthur H. Buddemeyer, Ste, Genevieve, donor; Arthur H. Buddemeyer Collection. M *These letters indicate where the gift materials are filed at Society head quarters: R refers to Reference Library; RFC, Reference Fitzgerald Collection; E, Editorial Office; M, Manuscripts Collection; N, Newspaper Library; A, Art Room; and B, Bay Room. Historical Notes and Comments 353 Mrs. Kathryn H. Campbell, Dallas, Texas, donor: Early Settlers of Ralls Co. Missouri, by Mary Harris Davis and donor. R Martha Campbell, Alliance, Ohio, donor: Material on Benjamin Franklin Homesley. R Cleveland High School, donor, through Donald P. Seymour, St, Louis: Beacon (yearbook), 1966, 1971-1974, 1976-1979 and 1981-1982. R Columbia Public Schools, Columbia, donor: Annual Report of the Superintendent of Schools, 1982-83; 1983-84 Direc tory of Columbia Public Schools and brochure "A Tradition of Qual ity." R Nancy Kimzey Dempsey, Athens, Georgia, donor: Kimzey & Kimsey, Family Records From 1750 to 1981, compiled by Herbert B. Kimzey. R A. W. Diddle, Knoxville, Tennessee, donor: Haywood Edwards Diary, 1864. M Charles N. Dochtirnian, Des Moines, Iowa, donor: "Some History of Asbury Church, Scotland County, Mo.," and "Wyaconda Methodist Circuit," Clark County, Mo., records, loaned for copying. R Clint Douglass, Lathrop, donor: Clipping with story of burning of Guyton and Harrington Mule Barn near Lathrop. N Cletis R. Ellinghouse, Puxico, donor: America: The Mabrey Experience, by donor. R Richard Emberson, Eugene, Oregon, donor: 1910 railroad map of Missouri and various yearbooks, books and pam phlets. R Homer L. Ferguson, Jefferson City, donor: Material concerning Jefferson Lodge No. 43 A.F. and A.M. and First Christian Church, Jefferson City. R Homer R. Ficken, Ft, Worth, Texas, donor: Papers on the Ficken and Rothwell families. R First Baptist Church of Harvester, donor, through Catherine W. Eddy, St, Charles: "Twentieth Anniversary of the First Baptist Church of Harvester," St. Charles, Mo., 1963-1983. R Mary S. Enns Frechette, Columbia, donor: "Scott Hayes University of Missouri Librarian, 1877-1880," by donor. R Dorothy Allen Gibbs, Vassar, Kansas, donor: A B C of our Family Tree, compiled by donor. R 354 Missouri Historical Review Mrs. Sylvester Glostetter, Kelso, donor: "St. Augustine Catholic Church Cemetery Records 1878-1981, Kelso, Mis souri." R Ralph Gregory, Marthasville, donor: "The Life of Dr. Elijah McLean and Medicine in Early Missouri." R Mr. and Mrs. Louis I. Grindol, Galesburg, Michigan, donors: The Grindol Family Genealogy, compiled by donors. R William K. Hall, St, Louis, donor: Index to Items of Genealogical Interest (Deaths, Estates, Marriages, Etc.) in the Springfield, Greene County, Missouri, Newspapers for the Period July 1, 1896 to December 30, 1900, compiled by donor. N Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center, donor, through Thomas A. Smith, Fremont, Ohio: St. Louis National American, June 20, 1885 and St. Louis Picket Guard, March 29, 1888 and September 16, 1889. N Jane Helander, Schaumburg, Illinois, donor: Civil War diary of William N. Hoskin, transcribed by donor. M Mrs. Betty M. Helf, San Jose, California, donor: Obituaries of Frederick Helf and Pond family members. R Oliver Howard, New London, donor: "Historical Review of Marion-Ralls Archaeological Society," compiled by J. Hurley Hagood. R Edward Humston, Carbondale, Kansas, donor: Humston Gleanings, by donor. R Evah M. Butler Johnson, Salem, donor: Material relating to Lone Jack, Missouri, R; ledger book of Daniel Pil- cher, 1861. M Richard Kreek, Oregon, donor: Material on Iowa Point, Missouri. R Walter H. Krummel, Carthage, donor: 100th Anniversary Trinity Luthern Church, Sarcoxie, Missouri. R Lakeside Press, donor, through Gaylord Donnelley, Chicago, Illinois: Mark Twain's West, edited by Walter Blair. R Mark Laughlin, Kirksville, donor: Key to Kirksville and Area, March-April, 1980, and American Osteopathic Association Yearbook and Directory, 1970. R Dr. Truce V. Lewellyn, Kansas City, donor: Independence Boulevard Christian Church: The Foundation Stands Secure, a history, by donor. R Steven L. McDaniel, San Francisco, California, donor: McDaniel Family Newsletter. R Historical Notes and Comments 355 Grace McReynolds, donor, through Peter Hasselriis, Jefferson City: Show Me Missouri: A History of Missouri and the World Around It, by Eth Clifford. RFC Maryellen H. McVicker, Boonville, donor: "They Swore an Oath: A History of Boonville's Veterinarians," compiled by donor. R Terry Martin, Columbia, donor: Reproduction of painting, view of Jefferson City, by donor, used on cover of University of Missouri Center For Independent Study, 1983-1984, cata log and related items. A & R Julius Meyerhardt, donor, for Temple Beth El, Jefferson City: Temple Beth El, Jefferson City, Records. M Mrs. Phyllis Miller, Huber Heights, Ohio, donor: Hendrix family Bible records. R Ruth Minner, Columbia, donor: "Memorial Cemetery Columbia, Boone County, Missouri, Summer 1982," compiled by donor. R Missouri Ruralist, donor, through Ray Harper, Columbia: Bound volumes of Missouri Ruralist, 1980, 1981, 1982. R Missouri State Library, donor, through Patt Behler, Jefferson City: Over 125 books to be added to the Fitzgerald Collection. RFC Charles J. Moore, Middle-town, donor: Copy of Merimon Moore Bible Record, Pike County, Missouri, 1830s- 1960s. R Mt. Salem Baptist Association, donor, through Allen Davidson, Edina: Mt. Salem Baptist Association, 1983 annual report. R Mrs. Robert R. Napier, Columbia, donor: Museum Houses Directory, 1982, by National Society of Colonial Dames of America. R Marian M. Ohman, Columbia, donor: Discoveries in Missouri Art and Architecture, papers from University of Missouri-Columbia course, compiled by donor. R Wilmer H. Paine, Jr., Stillwater, Oklahoma, donor: Materials relating to Missouri United Methodist Church, Tarkio College, Atchison County and other Missouri-related subjects. R Mrs. George W. Peak, Columbia, donor: Frontiers: The Story of the Missouri Baptist Convention, by J. Gordon Kingsley. R Mabel Gaye Phillips, Ironton, donor: A Fowler Family: Ancestors and Descendants of Henderson Alonzo and Harriet (Falkner) Fowler, compiled by donor and Waldo E. Fowler. R 356 Missouri Historical Review Ms. Randy Lee Rogers-Hinton, Columbia, donor: History of the Rogers, Gammill, Adams and Dryden families 1718-1938, loaned for copying. R St. Paul's Lutheran Church, donor, through Theodore C. Predoehl, Frohna: Wittenberg Lutheran, December 1983. R Gerald E. Sherard, Knoxville, Tennessee, donor: The Descendants of James Sherard and Nancy Cornelison, by donor. R Mary Ann Smith, Fayette, donor: Wilcoxson Family Papers, loaned for copying. M Dixie L. Stanberry, Copperas Cove, Texas, donor: "The Poetry of Anna Delzell: A Collection of Family Treasures." R Thalia Tarrant, Normal, Illinois, donor: Major Wick Morgan's guide to California in 1854 over land. M Clifford Van Ciel, Salinas, California, donor: David Ward 1787-1846, an early settler of Lafayette County, Missouri. R Charles van Ravenswaay, Wilmington, Delaware, donor: Lilburn A. Kingsbury Collection. M W. Raymond Wood, Columbia, donor: Cultural Resources Survey: Harry S. Truman Dam and Reservoir Project, in 10 volumes. R Bonnie Wright, Hartsburg, donor: Four volumes for the Fitzgerald Collection. RFC Don't Mention It Bazoo Bi-Monthly, Nov.-Dec, 1925. A citizen of Sedalia entered a grocery store the other day, and said he wanted a private word with the proprietor. When they had retired to the desk, he began: "I want to make a confession and a reparation. Do you remember of my buying sugar here two or three days ago?" "I do." "Well, in paying for it I worked off a counterfeit quarter on the clerk. It was a mean trick and I came to tender you good money." "Oh, don't mention it," replied the grocer. "But I want to make it all right." "It's all right—all right. We knew who passed that quarter on us, and that afternoon when your wife sent down a dollar bill and wanted a can of sardines, I gave her that bad quarter with her change. Don't let your con science trouble you at all—it's all right. ["] Historical Notes and Comments 357 MISSOURI HISTORY IN NEWSPAPERS Belle Banner December 7, 1983—"History of Maries County: Union, Reb And Bush whackers," reprinted. January 11, 1984-"Be\\e Still Plays A Major Role In The History Of Charcoal." Bloomfield Vindicator December 21, 1983—"[Cecil] Vancil recalls history of log cabin." Boonville Daily News November 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, December 7, 14, 21, 1983, January 4, 11, 19, 25, 1984—"Rembrances From the Friends of Historic Boonville," a series, featured historic sites, old photos and personalities of the area. November 25—"Log cabin a lesson in early construction Demolition exposes beams of 1830s Boonville structure," by Joe Sheller. Branson Beacon-Leader November 17, 1983—"In Hollister Local historic feed mill a leader in early industry." Buffalo Reflex & Republic December 8, 1983—"Clyde Yandell: Fair Grove inventor," by Dale McCurry. Butler Bates County News-Headliner November 11, 18, 1983—Letter by Harriet Ann Quay describes the bitter days of the Civil War, submitted by David Young. November 25, December 1— A two-part article on the Evans family. These and the articles below by Reva Stubblefield. December 9—"J.C. Penney building once a lavish Butler [Palace] hotel," reprinted. December 15—"Ballard school district sets plans for centennial." January 18, 25, 1984—A two-part article on the history of the Bates/Vernon County border. Canton Press-News Journal November 10, 16, 24, December 1, 22, 1983, January 19, 26, 1984—"Yester year's Pictures," a series. Cape Girardeau Southeast Missourian January 20, 1984—Old area photograph. Carrollton Daily Democrat November 11, 25, December 2, 16, 1983, January 6, 13, 20, 27, 1984—Old area photographs. Caruthersville Journal January 24,1984—Old area photograph. Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune November 9, 1983—"Soon to be just a memory Baxter School is coming down." 358 Missouri Historical Review November 12—"Carlow . . . town [in Daviess County] with a past," by Peggy Wickizer. November 26—"Which is the way to Shafter [in Linn County]?" by Ha verna Woodling, photos by Dale Woodling. December 7—"[John Aleth Lowe] Homestead of 1800's has seen many changes." January 20, 27, 1984—"Bedford—Looking back," by Dorothy Barker. Clinton Daily Democrat November 1, 8, 11, 25, 29, 30, December 1, 2, 8, 9, 13, 20, 28, 29, 1983, January 5, 9, 10, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, /9S4-"Remember Wrhen. . . ," a series, fea tured old area photographs. January 4—"Clinton once had military school [Baird Military Academy]." January 4—"Historic home [built by Alfred Estell] once served as whiskey supply point for Union." January 10—"Civil War Struck Henry County." Clinton Eye November 3, 1983—Old area photographs. Columbia Missourian November 6, 1983—"Patriotism 1917-18 Columbia's Call to Arms," by Greg Campbell, photos by Brian McNeill. November 20, 27, December 4, January 1, 4, 11, 1984—"Tales of [Missouri] History," a series, by Tom Ladwig. December 7—"Jesse home will soon pass into history," by Mark Zimmer- mann. January 22—"Richard H. Jesse," by Mark Zimmermann. January 22—"[Richard H.] Jesse's only surviving son [Bredelle Jesse] re lives memories," by Mark Zimmermann. De Soto Press November 28, December 19, 26, 1983, January 2, 16, 1984-Old area photo graphs. Dexter Statesman November 23, 1983—Old area photograph. Doniphan Ozark Graphic November 2, 1983-'"Naylor Post Office November 5, 1883-November 5, 1983," by Thelma S. McManus. November 2—"Some Memories Of Old Naylor," a pictorial article. November 16—"Gads Hill, The Widow's House, The Lacy House, And Jesse James," by Bill Royce. Edina Sentinel November 16, 1983—"Dennis Daugherty, Knox County's legendary law man," by John H. Dromey. December 28—"Woman records her memories of Knox City's history," bv Nelle Browning. Festus Democrat-Rocket November 2, December 20, 1983—Old area photographs. December 7—"Twin Citians jar memories to conclude—Bank Robbed just once—maybe twice," by Peggy Bess. Historical Notes and Comments 359 Flat River Daily Journal January 10, 1984—"A step back in time [at old St. Joe Lead Company's Federal Mill Number 3, now Missouri Mines State Historic Site]," by Gary Castor, photos by Randy Schoeck. Gainesville Ozark County Times November 2, 9, 16, 30, December 7, 21, 28, 1983, January 4, 11, 18, 25, 1984—"Ozark Reader," a series, featured the history of Southern Missouri, re printed. Hannibal Courier-Post November 3, 1983—"Autumn Historic Folklife Festival Souvenir Edition" featured several historical articles. November 5, 12, 19, 26, December 10, 24, 31, 1983, January 7, 21, 1984- Old area photographs. November 19—"Couple [Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Jackson Rice] made a life [in Ralls County] different from rest," by Mary Lou Montgomery. January 14—"Local roads, landmarks named for famous residents," by Mary Lou Montgomery. January 25—"[Hannibal High] School marks 50th birthday," by Dana Anderson. Hermitage Index November 16, December 29, 1983, January 5, 12, 19, 1984—"Hickory County History," a series, featured old area photographs. January 5—"No longer a secret [history of Hickory County]," by Don Ginnings. Independence Examiner January 19, 1984—A special centennial edition "A Personal History of Flarry S. Truman." Jackson Cash-Book Journal November 23, 1983—"Historic local [Bollinger] mill awaits reconstruction plans." December 28—"A peek at the past [of Jackson and Cape Girardeau] on a penny postcard." Kahoka Media September 14, 1983—A special keepsake edition, "Clark County's Old Set tlers 100th Celebration September 18-24, 1983," featured numerous historical articles and photographs. Kansas City Star November 6, 13, 20, 27, December 4, 11, 18, 1983, January 1, 15, 22, 29, 1984—A pictorial album, a series by John J. Doohan, featured events and scenes from Kansas City's past. November 20—"Life and vitality of the city dependent on the university [of Missouri-Kansas City]," by Ilus W. Davis. December 4—"It the name of the bridge is ASB, why does the plaque say Missouri River Bridge?" by Ted Findlay and Pat Schudy. December 11—"What mayor of Kansas City held office the longest? [Bryce B. Smith]," by Ted Findlay and Pat Schudy. December 18—"Union Station Could this be the end of the line?" by James Kindall. 360 Missouri Historical Review Kansas City Times November 4, 11, 18, 25, December 16, 23, 1983, January 6, 27, 1984- "Postcard From Old Kansas City," by Mrs. Sam Ray, featured respectively: Municipal Auditorium; 11th Street; the Palisades below Quality Hill; Main Post Office of Kansas City; Terrace Grill, Hotel Muehlebach; ticket offices at Union Station; North Building at Shawnee Mission; and Tenth Street. Kimberling City Southwest Missourian November 17, 1983—"In Hollister Local historic feed mill a leader in early industry." La Plata Macon County Home Press January 25, 1984—"A home not forgotten [built by Zephiniah Atteberry]," by Paul Atteberry and Todd Johnson, reprinted. Lebanon Daily Record January 2, 1984—"Harold Bell Wright Ozark legend, both read and ridi culed," by Olive Parsons. Lexington News December 30, 1983—"Cullom home dates back to early 1800's [in Lexing ton]." Linn Unterrified Democrat November 9, 1983—"A look at the life of Dr. William A. Willibrand." This and the articles below by Joe Welschmeyer. November 16—"Engelbert Franke, founder of Freeburg." January 11, 1984—"A. Herman Wolfe of Rich Fountain Teacher, Doctor, Confederate Soldier, Monk and Founder of Monastery." January 25—"The Buechlers: Rural doctor and postmistress [Dr. Joseph Buechler and Conradina Ruettgers Buechler]." Louisiana Press-Journal December 29, 1983—Old area photographs. January 16, 1984—"[George W.] Trimble Legacy Aids Poor In Pike County," by Bob Mueller. January 76—"[George W. Trimble] His was A Classic 'Rags To Riches' Story," by Bob Mueller. Marshall Democrat-News December 5, 1983—"Saline County in Pictures, Yesterday, Today." Maryville Daily Forum November 1, 8, 29, 1983, January 3, 10, 14, 1984—Old area photographs. November 1—"Walking was way you got to the school [in 1919]," by Ernest E. Stalling. November 3—"Old book shows education concerns [in Missouri] nothing new," by Dorothy Weigand. January 10—"Quitman school began in 1895," by Harold Hoyt. Mexico Ledger November 1, 4, 22, 1983—"Audrain's Yesteryears," a series, featured old area photographs. Historical Notes and Comments 361 Montgomery City Montgomery Standard January 19,1984—Old area photograph. Mound City News-Independent December 15, 1983—"Hiatt House Hotel," researched by Erma Hinkle. Mt. Vernon Lawrence County Record November 24,1983—Old area photograph. Neosho Daily News December 26, 1983—"Organization of [Newton] county paves way for city," by Lisa Dawes and Lynne Ware. December 26—"Camp [Crowder] produces period of change," by Paul O'Dell. December 26—"Big Spring Park was site of many city festivities," by Cari Howard. Nevada Daily Mail December 13, 1983—"Photos from the past." Oregon Times Observer September 22, 1983—"[Carroll Stagecoach] Inn makes historic list." Ozark Headliner November 3, 1983—"Post Offices Of The Missouri Ozarks," by Paul W. Johns. November 17—"A Settler's Life [diary of James Hillhouse]," by Paul W. Johns. Perryville Community Press December 29, 1983—"Miesner's Swing Factory." Perryville Monitor November 24, 1983—"Perry County Album" featured pictures of wheat harvesters from Perry County, 1916. Perryville Perry County Republic November 8, 1983, January 3, 17, 24, 1984—"Perry County Album," a series, featured old area photographs. Richmond Daily News November 25, December 2, 20, 30, 1983—Old area photographs. St, James Leader-Journal November 23, 1983—Old area photograph. St, Joseph Gazette November 9, 1983—"Oregon [in Holt County] reflects balanced mix of old, new," by Alice Hrnicek. December 5—Old area photograph. St. Joseph News-Press/Gazette January 2, 1984—Old area photograph. January 29—"The saga of Townsend's, once St. Joseph retail stalwart," by Harold E. Mills. 362 Missouri Historical Review St, Louis Post-Dispatch November 8, 1983—"St. Louis: Historic City Of Flight." December 15—"Baden [Historical] Society Collects Historical Mementos," by Yvonne Samuel. January 22, 1984—"Unearthing Missouri's Past Mizzou Archaeologist Carl Chapman Searches for Early Civilizations," by Leo Mullen. Sedalia Democrat January 29, 1984—"From draft horses to aerial trucks, Sedalia's fire-fighters keep up with the Winds of Change," by Ron Jennings, photo by Dale Ruff. Sikeston Daily Standard December 4, 1983—"Sikeston scrapbook: images of 1912," by Steve Deere. December 11— "Founded in 1783, New Madrid celebrates 200 years." Steelville Crawford County Mirror January 19,1984—Old area photograph. Stockton Cedar County Republican November 3, December 8, 1983, January 12, 1984—"Cedar Countv yesterdav," a series, featured old area photographs. Stover Highway Five Beacon December 6,1983—"Laurie to reactivate city government." Stover Morgan County Press January 18, 25, 1984—"Morgan County history," compiled by Ilene Sims Yarnell, featured respectively: Mining Port and Florence. Unionville Republican November 16, 30, 1983—Old area photographs. Vienna Gazette-Adviser January 18, 1984—Old area photograph. January 25—"History of Maries County: School History," by Irene Mc- Keever reprinted. Warsaw Benton County Enterprise January 19, 1984—"Cherry Cokes An Innovative Drug Store Best Seller Back in 1913." January 2<5-"Warsaw Home [built in 1908 by Henry Lay] Featured In Two National Magazine Articles." Washington Missourian December 21, 1983—"Franklin County Had a 'New Germany' With a Post Office," by Ralph Gregory. Waynesville Daily Ft, Gateway Guide December 19, 1983—"Mo. Hall Of Fame Burning of Missouri's First State house in Jefferson City," by Paul J. Hamilton. Webb City Sentinel December 30, 1983—"[Gary] Roney records boyhood memories of Carl Junc tion," by Marti Attoun. Willow Springs News November 3, 1983, January 12, 26, 1984-Old area photographs. Historical Notes and Comments 363 MISSOURI HISTORY IN MAGAZINES American Heritage, December, 1983: "Letters of a Most Uncommon Common Man [Harry Truman]," by David McCullough. American West, January /February, 1984: "Western Geology Illustrated Earth quakes in Unexpected Places [near New Madrid, Missouri]," by Stephen L. Harris. Baden Banner, January, 1984: "Baden Businesses," by Ross Durbin. Chariton Collector, December, 1983: "Fishin' in the OP Chariton [River]," by Darren Schneider and Kent Snipes; "Buy 'Em [hamburgers] By The Sack [at White Cabin in Kirksville]," by Dan Sullivan and Terry Baker; "What A Classic! [Adair County Courthouses, Kirksville]," by Leigh Klinginsmith and Kristy Mollick; "Scenes from the Past [photos of the Kirksville square]"; "We Would Just- Like to Say Thank You [for the project of Forrest Lake and what became Thousand Hills State Park]," by Chris Sieren and David Snyder; "Pure Air, Missouri," by Tina Campbell, Molly Upton and Kelly Moots; "A Home [built by Zephiniah Atteberry in Macon County] Not Forgotten," by Paul Attebery and Todd Johnson. Clay County Museum Association Newsletter, November, December, 1983, Janu ary, 1984: "Research From Liberty Landing on the Missouri River to Fort Leavenworth, KS," by Vera Haworth Eldridge. Clayton Magazine, Winter, 1983: "Al Kerth: 'Founder of Modern Clayton'." Columbia College Friends, September, 1983: "[Sidney] Larson and crew restore [Missouri State] Capitol murals." Concordia Historical Institute Quarterly, Fall, 1983: "[Martin] Luther for German Americans The Saint Louis Edition of Luther's Works 1880-1910," by Robert Kolb. Cornerstone, March 31, 1983: "April Marks 15th Anniversary of Founding of East Central College [at Union]," by Alex Fees. DeKalb County Heritage, January, 1984: "Grandpa's House, Chapter 7, Uncle Jones [Paul Riggs]"; "Casper [family] Historical Sketch of Pioneer Citi zens," reprinted; "[E. G. Robison recounts] Boyhood Days on 'Pinhook'," reprinted. Diggin' History, Andrew County Historical Society, October, 1983: "Main Street in Savannah, Missouri in 1880"; "[Mathias Marx] Log Cabin History," by Leta Fulmer Harvey. , January, 1984: "Savannah's Streets—Part III." Disciple, November 20, 1983: "Lighting the Way [included R. A. Long, a lay leader of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]," by D. Ray Lind- ley. 364 Missouri Historical Review Far-Westerner, October, 1983: "Memories of Mark Twain and Steve Gillis," by Wm. R. Gillis; "History of the Bret Harte Trail Map and Restoration of the Mark Twain Cabin [in California]," by Leanore Oullahan. Farm & Home Go-Getter, November, 1983, January, 1984: "Farm & Home [Sav ings Association] Legends," a series. Fence Painter, Winter, 1983-1984: "George L. Crosby Paintings [of Hannibal] to Travel Again." Florissant Valley Historical Society Quarterly, October, 1983: "Here Comes The Showboat [Wonderland]" by Mildred Meyer; "Corrections to Article on 1000 Block of Rue St. Louis in Florissant in April Issue," by Marie Goldbeck. Florissant Valley Quarterly, January, 1984: "Jane Mullanphy Chambers," by Harriet Lane Cates Hardaway; "Florissant Landmark [house at 908 Jef ferson Street]." Flyer, November & December, 1983: "Kansas City Railways 1850-1860 Part 2," by Larry McDonald. Gateway Guide, Fall, 1983: "The Site [of Jefferson National Expansion Me morial, St. Louis] Pierre Laclede's Choice," by Sharon A. Brown; "The Old Courthouse St. Louis' Convention Center of the Nineteenth Century," by Vincent P. Lane. Gateway Heritage, Fall, 1983: "Locational Factors in the Development of St. Louis: The First Century," by James Neal Primm; "The Laclede-Chouteau [family] Puzzle: John Francis McDermott Supplies Some Missing Pieces," by William E. Foley; "Leadership and Service: The Presidents of The Mis souri Historical Society, 1866-1983," by Raymond F. Pisney. Gone West! Fall, 1983: "Mid Nineteenth Century St. Louis Businessmen," by James Neal Primm; "Of Commission Houses, Associations, and Fairs: Mar keting in Nineteenth Century St. Louis Before the Civil War," by Raymond Breun; "Steamboating & Transshipment on the Missouri River," by James V. Swift. Graceland Gazette, Audrain County Historical Society, November, 1983: "What's in our Names? Mexico [and] Audrain County," by Leta Hodge. Harris-Stowe State College Nova, March, 1983: "A Look Back . . . Stowe Teach ers College Remembered," by Patricia Smith Danner. Historic Kansas City Foundation Gazette, November/December, 1983: "The Bryant Building"; "The Gumbel Building," by David C. Evans; "Fire Sta tion No. 2," by Thompson Nelson; "The Design Exchange," by Glynn Brown; "The Peck Building," by Robert J. Berkebile. Interim, December, 1983: "The story of [Episcopal Church of the] Advent, Crestwood," by J. E. Congleton. Kemperite, Fall, 1983: "Evolution of the Kemper [Military School and College] Campus and Buildings: 1844-Present," a pictorial article, by Robert L. Dyer. Historical Notes and Comments 365 Keys to Springfield, April, 1983: "Memories of Springfield [by John Clyde Wilkerson]," by Annabelle Scott Whobrey; "Stampin' Grounds, Louisiana Purchase Almost 'No Sale'," by Bob Hammack; "Greene County Pioneers [John Stull Torrence family]," by Martha McGrath. , , May, 1983: "Stampin' Grounds, [Pere Jacques] Mar quette & The [Mississippi] River," by Bob Hammack. , June, 1983: "Stampin' Grounds, Scott Joplin The Ragtime Rage," by Bob Hammack. , November, 1983: "J.F.G. Bentley," by David Lee Burton; "Stampin' Grounds, A Show-Me Album (Part III)," by Bob Ham mack. , December, 1983: "Stampin' Grounds, 'Meet Me at the Fairs'," by Bob Hammack. ., January, 1984: "Miss Christian County [Gertrude Hunter]—1921," by Shirley Stewart. Laclede County Historical Society Newsletter, Fall, 1983: "Monarch Post Office," by Kirk Pearce. , Winter, 1984: "History of the Old Jail Museum"; "Hazelgreen Was Early County Town," by Kirk Pearce. Lawrence County Historical Society Bulletin, January, 1984: "Turnback Trails" featured Spring River Campground, by F. G. Mieswinkel; "Brackney [family]"; "Davis [family]," by Fred G. Mieswinkel; "End Of Era For Route 66," by Wally Kennedy. Lewis County Historical Society Newsletter, December, 1983: "Encyclopedia County Place Names." McDaniel Family Newsletter, February, 1984: "The McDaniel Family [of Springfield, Greene County, Missouri]," reprinted. Midwest Motorist, November/December, 1983: "Ice Age bones buried beneath Bygone [Lemp, Minehaha and Cherokee] breweries [in St. Louis]," by Susan Mowris. . , January/February, 1984: "[Harry] Truman! From a Lamar farm to the White House," by Betty Burnett. Missouri Business, November/December, 1983: "From civic leader to business executive Avis Tucker takes the lead." Missouri Conservationist, December, 1983: "[Warsaw, Mo.] Gunstock Capital of the World," by Bruce Auchly; "Conservation Celebration [of 50th an niversary of the Civilian Conservation Corps]," by Tricia Woods. Missouri Folklore Society Journal, Volume IV, 1982: "Vance Randolph: A Chronology," by Michael Luster; "Anglo-American Folk Music in Missouri An Annotated Bibliography," by Lyn A. Wolz. 366 Missouri Historical Review Missouri Journal of Numismatics, July, 1983: "United States Mint Medals," by James S. Moores; "No. 216—John W. Snyder," by John R. Sinnock; "A Token Memory of Mesler, Mo."; "The Henry Shaw Medals," by Viktor Miihlenbach; "Callaway County Banks Their History and Their Checks 1857-1976 Part II," by Michael G. Pfefferkorn. Missouri Law Review, Summer, 1983: "Mark Twain: Doctoring the Laws," by Kim M. Roam. Missouri Municipal Review, December, 1983: "East Prairie Community Profile," by Kathie Simpkins. , January, 1984: "The Missouri Municipal League Fifty Years of Service," by Alan Bailey; "Slater A great Place for Growing," by Zack Zoul. Missouri Press News, January, 1984: "[Robert M. White II] A Third-Generation MPA [Missouri Press Association] President," by Doug Crews. Mojuco [Moberly Area Junior College] News, October/November, 1983: "Mem ories [of building the college]," by Ralph Gerhard. MSHSAA Journal, November, 1983: "Two Missourians [William W. Bradley and Thomas C. Stanton] among inductees to national [High School Sports] hall [of Fame and Historical Center]." Muleskinner, October 20, 1983: "Old Drum: The legend [of the dog and speech by Sen. George Graham Vest] lives on," by Susan Vinyard. Nebraska History, Fall, 1983: "A Journey Through the Nebraska Region in 1833 and 1834: From the Diaries of Prince Maximilian of Wied," trans lated by William J. Orr, edited by William J. Orr and Joseph C. Porter. Northwest Missouri Genealogy Society Journal, October, 1983: "The Town of Friend, Mo," contributed by Everett Fenwick. Old n' Newsletter, Randolph County Historical Society, November, 1983: An article on the Glasgow and Huntsville plank road, reprinted. Ozarks Mountaineer, November-December, 1983: "Dr. [Kenneth J.] O'Banion honored—50 Years of Service To Birch Tree," by Barbara Crouch; "The Mincy Meteorite—and Cabin Creek, too," by Lyle Owen. , January-February, 1984: "Ozarks Roads and Trolley Lines," by Kathleen Van Buskirk; "[Neosho] Nursery in a Wagon Factory [Mutual Manufacturing Co.]," by Kay Hively; "A Civil War Veteran- Grandpa [Benjamin Alfriend] Marshall," by Flo Montgomery Tidgwell. Park College Record, December, 1983: "The Record from the Beginning (Part I)." Pemiscot County Missouri Quarterly, October, 1983: "Erma Nata (Boswell) Richardson," by Ophelia Wade; "The New Madrid Baptist Association of Churches," by Mayme Hamlett. Historical Notes and Comments 367 Perry County Heritage, January, 1984: "The Berthaeume-Logan-Seibert-Ingram- Wilkinson Mill"; "A Partial Tour of Perryville!" by Medford Cashion. Phelps Countian, January 9, 1984: "On Phelps County," by Lois Brown. Pioneer Times, April, 1983: "U.S. Grant in Missouri: The Battle at Belmont, 7 November 1861," by William Fannin; "General U.S. Grant," by Lew Larkin, reprinted; "Jefferson City A Community Diminished by its Destiny, Part I," by Jerena East Giffen; "The Chapman Family," submitted by Marigold Harman Baker; "Additional Notes on the Beck Family," by Mary Neblett Beck. Pioneer Wagon, Spring, 1983: "Appointment of Postmasters; Jackson County, Missouri 1831-1931," transcribed and contributed by Carolyn Tillman, edited by Gary R. Toms; "Early Entertainments, To Dance or not to Dance, What They wore [in Missouri]," by Barbara Magerl. Platte County Missouri Historical & Genealogical Society Bulletin, Fall, 1983: "Ferrel Family," by Mrs. Ray Ferrel; " 'The Winding Tale of the Platte County Panther' or Eighty Plus Years of Platte County Memories," by Mrs. Burtis Reed Ward. Plumbline, August, 1983: "Vandalia; Home of World Championship Brick Skidding Contest." Quarterly of the National Association and Center for Outlaw and Lawman His tory, Spring-Summer, 1983: "Davis K. Tutt of Yellville," by George Hart. Ray County Mirror, December, 1983: "Fredericksburg Road A Memorial Drive," by Kenneth McAfee, reprinted; "Richmond High School Class of 1933 Found A Way or Made One," by Clara Weary Chenault; "Ray County History Dates to 1820." Restoration, January, 1984: "The Latter Day Saints: 1830 to Today An Over view of the Branches of the Restoration," by Steven L. Shields; "A Collec tion of Facts Relative to the Course Taken by Elder Sidney Rigdon In the States of Ohio, Missouri, Illinois and Pennsylvania," by Jedediah M. Grant. St. Louis, November, 1983: "After 30 years of blight Midtown makes a come back The Urban Dream," by Lou Schuler; "Scrapbook: Soccer And A Century Of Solidarity," by George Lipsitz. __^_ , December, 1983: "Scrapbook, The Awakening [written by Kate Chopin]," by George Lipsitz. St. Louis Bar Journal, Fall, 1983: "A History of the St. Louis Court of Appeals The Early Years—1875-1910," by Joseph Fred Benson, edited by Keltner W. Locke. , Winter, 1984: "St. Louis Court of Appeals: A Ju dicious Gatekeeper," by Joseph Fred Benson, edited by Keltner Locke. Saint Louis Commerce, November, 1983: "Florissant," by Norbury L. Wayman, photos by Denny Silverstein; "back when the bangtails ran here In its first 150 years, St. Louis had a plethora of horserace tracks." 368 Missouri Historical Review , January, 1984: "from great gas bags to flying bill boards [ballooning in St. Louis]," by Scott VanderHamm; "Union [county seat of Franklin County]," by Mari-Anne Messmann Straatmann; "'a subtle little difference' [in products by Chapman Ice Cream Co.]," by Christine M. Eckhard, photos by Kurt Eckhard. St. Louis Journalism Review, October, 1983: "Reporting 'miracles' [by Maria B. Woodworth]—in 1890," by Betty Burnett. , January, 1984: "St. Louis dailies [newspapers] of days gone by"; "A salute to 131 years of tradition [at St. Louis Globe- Democrat]," by Martin L. Duggan; "Veteran labor lawyer [Morris Levin] reviews 40 years of negotiating with Globe-Democrat," by Suzanne G. Tyler. Show-Me Postmaster, September-October, 1983: "Oxly Post Office Marks 100 Years." , November-December, 1983: "PO [Naylor Post Office] Celebrates Centennial"; "Most MO Offices Established Over 100 Years Ago." Soulard Restorationist, December 1, 1983: "Brewing in Soulard [St. Louis]," by Russell Farber. Springfield! Magazine, December, 1983: "And The Band Played On (Part III) ," by Mabel Taylor; "Your Neighbor's Faith: Central Assembly of God Reaches Out," by Jan Kleeman; "When TV [KTTS, Channel 10] Was Young, Parkview Students Sang Carols Live and in French"; "Branson: After the Tourists," by Margaret Norris. , January, 1984: "Durward Hall, Scouting Leader, Physician, Surgeon, Soldier & Statesman," by Betty Mason Turner; "Springfield's Pearl White: Queen of Movie Serials Episode I A Child of Fate," by William H. Walter; "Ozark on the Finley [River]," by Margaret Norris; "The Mysterious Disappearance of The Square's Gottfried Tower," by Rex Edmonson; "When TV [Channel 10] Was Y'oung, During Record 25-Year Broadcast Run, Television Classroom Series Interpreted Instruc tional Programs to Springfield's Taxpayers," by Robert C. Glazier; "Your Neighbor's Faith: Park Crest Assembly [of God Church] Helps with Housing, Jobs," by Larry D. Bohall. Town Squire, December, 1983: "How It All Began The History of Culture in Kansas City," by Dory DeAngelo. Twainian, November-December, 1983: "Mark Twain's Travels with Mr. Brown [described St. Louis in 1867]." Waterways Journal, October 22, 1983: "Capt. [Thomas B.] Good Recalled the Lee-Natchez Race," by James V. Swift. October 29, 1983: "The Str, George Keith Sank at Least Twice," by James V. Swift. Historical Notes and Comments 369 November 5, 1983: "The Tender Oleander Carried a President [WTilliam Howard Taft in 1909]," by James V. Swift. , December 10, 1983: "Getting Straightened Out on Some [steamboat] Bells," by James V. Swift. , December 17, 1983: "Mayor [Capt. Joseph Brown] of Two Cities Also Owned Steamboats," by James V. Swift. We Proceeded On, March, 1983: "A Special Cartographic Issue, The Maps of the Lewis & Clark Expedition." Webster County Historical Society Journal, December, 1983: "Mission Home [Missionary Baptist] Church," by Arrena Beckner, Sarah Greer and Edith Galbraith; "The Family of William T. Burford," by Keith T. Berry; "Merchandising of 50 Years Ago," by Helen Roper; "The Greer Family," by Jerry Dean Greer. Webster Groves Historical Society Newsletter, November-December, 1983: "Web ster Groves Water System." West Plains Gazette, Winter, 1983: "The [West Plains High School football team] Championship Season of 1936," by Andy Cochran; "Lizzie Carter Her Family, Friends and Life in Caulfield," by Shirley Carter Piland; "Eli and Martha: The First Generation of Thornburghs in West Plains," by Paul Eli Thornburgh; "A Thornburgh Family Album"; "Scatter Shooting The Simple Life [in West Plains in the early 1900s]," by Hal Thornburgh; "Those Marvelous and Magical Machines Remembering Automobiles in the Early Days of West Plains"; "Crank To Dial The Myrtle Telephone Com pany," by Clara Williams; "The Goyer Family Staking a Claim in Howell County," by Joan Goyer Bushno; "Gazette Gallery" featured old area photographs; "The Bradford Family," by Katherne Byran Cummjngs; "Liz zie's Heritage The Hopkins Family The Wood Family," Shirley Carter Piland. Whistle Stop, Number 4, 1983: "Mr. [Harry S.] Truman and His Library," by Philip D. Lagerquist. White River Valley Historical Quarterly, Fall, 1983: "My Grandfather [Milton A. V. Rothermel] at The Rothermel Brothers Flour and Feed Mill [in Springfield]," by Merrian Copeland; "Branson Burned in 1912," by Dewey Sailsbury; "A Search for the Gaylor Family Part II," by Larry Gayler. Word and Way, November 10, 1983: "Hannibal-LaGrange [College] Celebrates 125 Years of Baptist College History," by Susan Denkler, , January 12, 1984: "His 'Enlightened Conscience* Leads [Thomas] Musick to Be First Settled Preacher [in Missouri]." , January 19, 1984: "Short-Lived Tywappity [Baptist] Congregation First Non-Catholic Church in State." ., January 26, 1984: "Missouri's First 'Permanent' [Bethel] Baptist Congregation Established Nine 'Arms'." 370 Missouri Historical Review IN MEMORIAM FRED DeARMOND BUNDY, REX, Victor, Montana: June Author and historian Fred DeAr 26, 1914-October 23, 1983. mond, of Kansas City, died December COULTER, WILLIAM H., Honolulu, 23, 1983. The son of Francis Marion Hawaii: July 28, 1907-October 9, 1983. and Londa Rush DeArmond, he was born near Seymour, Missouri, on Sep DAY, WALKER, Oak Grove: July 13, tember 26, 1893. 1907-August 22, 1982. Mr. DeArmond went to New York DUBAIL, J. PIERRE, JR., Columbia: as associate editor of Laundry Age, in May 31, 1899-May 14, 1983. 1930. He then became associate editor of Nation's Business, an official publi HAAS, RAYMOND E., Columbia: May cation of the U.S. Chamber of Com 15, 1925-May 25, 1983. merce. He held the latter position HARRELL, MRS. MAUDE A., Stover: from 1938 to 1942. Returning to Mis May 24, 1889-December 19, 1983. souri in 1942, he devoted full time to HARRISON, WILLIAM H., Clayton: farming and writing. The author of August 1, 1910-August 10, 1983. some sixteen books, he also taught evening classes on business subjects at HARTMAN, E. C, St. Louis: Feb Drury College, Springfield, in the Con ruary 6, 1898-October 27, 1983. tinuing Education Department for HUTCHINSON, GILBERT, Pattonsburg: adults. July 25, 1925-December 10, 1983. Mr. DeArmond was an active Ro- tarian and addressed many Rotary KIRK, EARMEL L., Berea, Kentucky: meetings. He served as president of September 19, 1910-April 18, 1983. the Missouri Writers' Guild and chair LAWRENCE, COL. B. I., Fayette: Sep man of the Springfield-Greene County tember 17, 1887-May 24, 1983. Library Board. Deeply interested in MCHANEY, DR. JOHN W., Jefferson the Civil War, he helped organize the City: August 15, 1899-November 10, Civil War Round Table of the Ozarks. 1983. His personal library, valued at some $14,000, was presented to The School MUSSELMAN, KENNETH L., Seal Beach, of the Ozarks, Point Lookout. California: November 12, 1912-Novem- Survivors include his son, Arthur, ber 25, 1982. of Overland Park, Kansas, and a NICHOLS, GEORGE, Columbia: August brother, Chester, of Seymour. 11, 1916-December 24, 1983. PARCELL, W. PRICE, Bates City: De ACHELPOHL, KURT, St. Charles: Jan cember 24, 1917-February 22, 1983. uary 1, 1909-March 28, 1983. SCRUBY, S. R., Chillicothe: July 6, BASKETT, KIRTLEY, Pasadena, Cali 1899-November 15, 1983. fornia: October 27, 1905-February 26, STIPP, CHRISTIAN F., Carrollton: Aug 1983. ust 24, 1916-April 6, 1983. BELOW, FRANK H., Lake St. Louis: UTZ, NELLIE, St. Joseph: October 25, August 25, 1898-November 16, 1983. 1899-February 19, 1983. BOVEE, D. VICTOR, Springfield: No WOOD, MRS. NEAL S., St. Louis: July vember 10, 1911-January 24, 1983. 5, 1907-February 8, 1983. Historical Notes and Comments 371 BOOK REVIEW Dear Bess: The Letters from Harry to Bess Truman 1910- 1959. Edited by Robert H. Ferrell (New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1983). 593 pp. Maps. Indexed. Illustrated. $19.95. In March 1983 the staff of the Harry S. Truman Library made available for scholars and the public over twelve hundred letters written by Truman to his beloved Bess. Professor Robert Ferrell happened to be working in the library—a case of being in the right place at the right time. A Truman scholar of note, he im mediately recognized the importance of these letters and under took the lengthy and difficult, but no doubt pleasant, task of se lecting and editing about one-half of the letters for this entertaining and informative volume. Truman's letters to Bess Wallace Truman provide insights into her suitor and future husband's mind. The writings express his hopes and fears, his opinions, beliefs, prejudices and observa tions for nearly five decades. Ferrell groups the letters into four teen chapters which are divided into four subject areas: "On the Farm"; "You're in the Army Now"; "Politics, Local and National"; and "Leading the Country." Easily read, concise and instructive comments introduce each subject area and chapter, illustrating Ferrell's skills as an editor in setting the stage for even the least aware reader. As an editor, he slips only once; Fort Leonard Wood is not located in Rolla, Missouri. The selections which date from December 31, 1910, to Janu ary 7, 1959, naturally cover Truman's observations on a myriad of 372 Missouri Historical Review subjects. The writer displayed a chatty style and his word-pictures of events in which he participated, whether farming near Grand- view, serving "over there" in World War I, or being engaged in some activity as a public servant—add to our understanding of the man and the times in which he lived. One overriding characteristic of Truman appears in each letter. First and foremost he was utterly devoted to his wife and, later, to his daughter, Margaret. Truman's letters include something for everyone. For instance, his characterizations of his counterparts in the local and national political arenas will prove both entertaining and oft-times astute to those interested in that part of his life. He wrote some choice comments about William Southern, Lloyd C. Stark, Hiram John son and Franklin D. Roosevelt, just to name a few. He respected those who, like himself, worked hard. And being his own man, if he did not hold someone in high esteem, he let Bess know. Will Rogers was one those people Truman admired. When the humorist died tragically, Truman wrote his wife: "No one has done more to give us common sense than Will Rogers. He's almost a second Mark Twain." Some may lament the lack of annotations accompanying the letters, but to annotate everything and everybody Truman wrote about would have been an awesome task. It also would have added a substantial number of pages to an already rather large volume. Dear Bess is a book that should be welcomed by both scholars and laypeople concerned with the Truman years. The accompany ing illustrations enhance the volume. It is a particularly apropos publication in this 100th anniversary year of Truman's birthdav. The State Historical Society of Missouri James W. Goodrich Missouri "Best Predictor" Missouri Republican, January, 1984. The voting patterns of Missouri residents in presidential elections is a clear mirror of national political thinking, said Robert Loevy, a studier of election trends. Loevy, of Colorado College, said that in the last six presidential elections, Missouri has voted for every winner and has done so within one percent of the national average. Loevy and other analysts say Missouri's track record as a bellweather also is reflected in its demographic pattern that typifies the nation. Historical Notes and Comments 373 BOOK NOTES "A Centennial Story" of Christ Church Episcopal 1882-1982. By Donald Bright Oster and Lance Williams (1982). 32 pp. Illus trated. Not indexed. $2.00. This paperback booklet was written to commemorate the centennial anniversary of Christ Church in Rolla, and to help un derstand its long, proud history. Bishop Charles F. Robertson and the Reverend George K. Dunlop held Rolla's first Episcopal service in the second floor of Masonic Hall, late in 1869. Twelve years later the congregation obtained a resident priest and the following year, members built their own house of worship. The church was dedicated, November 12, 1882. William Johnson served the con gregation from 1877 until his death in 1892. Excellent photographs illustrate the church activities over the years. The authors consulted church records, recollections of mem bers, secondary histories, archives at the Western Historical Manu script Collection, newspaper stories and the papers of C. V. Mann. Both Donald Oster and Lance Williams are associate professors of History at the University of Missouri-Rolla. Copies of "A Centennial Story" may be ordered for $2.00 each, which includes postage and handling, from Christ Church, Epis copal, Joseph W. Carlo, Rector, P.O. Box 845, Rolla, Missouri 65401. Ozark Tales and Superstitions. By Phillip W. Steele (Gretna, La.: Pelican Publishing Co., 1983). 96 pp. Illustrated. Not indexed. $4.95. People living far from organized social activities told stories as a basis for entertainment. Some tales were based on facts, others became altered and exaggerated as they were told over and over and passed from one generation to the next. More super stitions seem to have survived in the Ozarks than any other part of North America. Modern-day entertainment, technology, education and scien tific advances have resulted in diminished interest in folk tales and superstitious beliefs. The purpose of this book is to preserve in print examples of this folk heritage before it is lost forever. Several distinct categories of Ozark folktales include super- 374 Missouri Historical Review natural stories, lost treasure accounts, Civil War stories, Indian legends, outlaw encounters, tales about nature and romance and humorous stories. Examples from each category are presented in this paperback volume. The book also includes superstitions re garding omens of good and bad luck, love and marriage, moon and weather signs and cures and remedies. If not available in bookstores, the volume may be ordered for $4.95, from Pelican Publishing Company, Inc., 1101 Monroe Street, Gretna, Louisiana 70053. Second Fiddle To Chautauqua. By Jean Handley Adams (1983). 80 pp. Illustrated. Not indexed. $3.95. Second Fiddle To Chautauqua is a delightful account of family life in the 1920s and 1930s, primarily in Springfield, Mis souri. The author was the daughter of a talented violin performer who spent her summers traveling with the Chautauqua. The book relates how the family filled the summer days with fun and frustration during the mother's prolonged absence. It provides a behind-the-scenes look at an early-day liberationist trying to com bine a career and homelife at a time when "the woman's place was in the home." The author also relates a brief history of the Chautauqua movement in this paperback volume. In order to compile the book, Jean Handley Adams used reminiscences of persons who traveled with her mother, family letters, her mother's diary and scrapbooks. This interesting and easily read volume may be purchased for $3.95, from Jean Handley Adams, 1138 South Weller, Spring field, Missouri 65804. If mailed within Missouri, the book costs $5.00, which includes sales tax and postage. Out-of-state orders may subtract the 20 cents sales tax. Wife Sits On Him The Huntsville Herald, January 17, 1894. "Now, confess, McBride; do you hold your wife on your lap as much now as when you were first married?" asked Barlow. "Well, Barlow," replied McBride, "to tell the truth, I believe she sits on me rather more now than then." A MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR The State Historical Society of Missouri has re cently received confirmation of its tax exempt status. The Society is exempt from Federal income tax under Section 501 (c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Gifts of cash and property to the Society are deduct ible for federal income, estate and gift tax purposes. Questions concerning gifts or bequests to the Society should be addressed to: RICHARD S. BROWNLEE Director State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 Paul Lueders Photo GLENN HOUSE In Historic Cape Girardeau In 1979, the American Association for State and Local History named the Historical Association of Greater Cape Girardeau the recipient of an Award of Merit. The national awards committee selected the Association because it had created interest in local history and preserved, plus restored, the historic Glenn House of Cape Girardeau. Twelve years earlier the Association had been organized to preserve historical places and artifacts and maintain and operate a museum to display historic items. In 1968, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Erlbacher gave the David A. Glenn house to the Association. Numbering some 500 members, the Association then began the task of restoring the home after carefully studying its history and the significance of its architecture. Located at 325 South Spanish, near the Missouri River traffic bridge, the house had been designed and built in 1883 by Edwin Branch Deane, a trained local architect and builder. For the house, Deane selected a Victorian design of Eastlake influence, a popular American building style at that time. Deane's daughter married David A. Glenn, a leading Cape Girardeau merchant and president of the city's First National Bank. The young couple moved into the home immediately upon its completion. Around the turn of the century, the Glenns made additions to the house in keeping with the Classical Revival movement These changes included a large curved verandah and turrent, embellished with art glass and oak entryway. Other families later owned and occupied the house. The Association of Greater Cape Girardeau decided to restore the deteriorating house to its 1904 appearance. The red-brick home, nowr painted white, rests upon a sandstone foundation. Its interior features 19th-century wallpaper borders, plaster ceiling rosettes, oak and walnut parquet floor with early lighting, plumbing and bathroom fixtures. Many Association members volunteered to work on the structure. The Association raised money locally to provide for the building supplies and pav salaries of professional architects. After meticulous restoration, the structure is open as a museum. Special displays feature the history of Cape Girardeau, located on the Mississippi River between St. Louis and Memphis, Tennessee. The city was founded by Don Louis Lorimier as a trading post on land granted to him by the Spanish government. Incorporated in 1808, Cape Girardeau later became the home of Southeast Missouri State University. In addition to relating area history, guides in the Glenn House point out to visitors the correct techniques for restoring an old house. This provides visitors with better understanding of the decorative techniques; period furnishings, fashions and lifestyles; mechanical features; and landscape design. A carriage house at the rear of the main structure has been renovated for use as a craft and gift shop. The Glenn House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It may be visited Wednesday-Saturday, 12:30 to 4:30 P.M., April-December. Admission is $2 for those 18 and over, or $1 for anyone under that age. Group tours are available by appointment. Call 314 334-1177. Each Christmas season, large numbers visit the home, decorated for a Victorian-style holiday. Other local historical attractions include the Cape River Heritage Museum, the 1854 Common Pleas Courthouse, St. Vincent's Roman Catholic Church and College, the Old Lorimier Cemetery and the historic home of Mary Watkins Oliver, designer of the Missouri State Flag.