REGIME OF BHARATIYA , 1998 A SELECT ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF M^6ttv of Hibrarp Sc information ^titntt 1998-99 f

BY GHUFRAN MOHSIN RollNo. 98LSM-22 Enrolement No. X-8222

Under the Supervision of Ms. Sudharma Haridasan (Lecturer)

DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH () 1999 I 4 ^^«« iVJ .^ - _ _ ^ ....

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Phone :(0571) 400039 Internal 193 Telex : 564-230 AMU IN Fax : 91-0571-400528

DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH-202 002 (UP), INDIA

Ref. No

Dated

This is to certify that the IVI.L. & I.Sc. dissertation of Mr. Ghufran Mohsin on Regime of , 1998 - : A select annotated bibliography was compiled under my supervision and guidance.

(Ms. Sudharma Haridasan) Lecturer CONTENTS

Page No.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

AIM, SCOPE & METHODOLOGY III

PART -ONE INTRODUCTION 1-19

PART - TWO

BIBLIOGRAPHY 20-149

PART-THREE AUTHOR INDEX 150-154 TITLE INDEX 155-162 SUBJECT INDEX 163-168

LIST OF PERIODICALS DOCUMENTED 169 cirznoimie^

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JJ adan, rt/auiana ^^zad <=J~loraru, ^vv,///. 6/., ^^llaark. _///d doilcltuae and diicernlble peripectlnlim. kaue cruclallu contributed to tke formulation or tnld didiertation. Jj" mudt record mu dincere appreciation to alt mu c(adimate6 who kaue provided a dtimului, ere atlve and conduilue atmoipkere In tke 6ucce66ful completion of m u di66eratlo n eipeclaCiu mu friend, jflflr. vDa^eer .^kmad ^\azmi for kid kelp at different itaaei.

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USkabl ff/d. ^kannaz ^atlma for ker kelp and loulna auldance tk at enabled me in tke completion of mu worn, rr/u keartful tkanki are aido due to mu brotkerd /f/r. J^ued /f/ondin r^aza and irlr. J^i^ed /L.akeer ff/okiln ^or tkeir encouraaement tkrouakout mu academic perdulte. Jr obedlentiu and dutlPuilu offer mu sincere gratitude to ail tkeie beneracton of mine.ml

J/- am ueru tkankfui to rf/r. vDoou of ^^tda C^omput en

WHO/ko aiadid a nealneat anaand ccmeiutlmelu luptnatuplng jotlob. AIM AND SCOPE

The Bhartiya Janata Party in power proved to be strong in taking decisions, providing security as well as prosperity to its countrymen. All this inspired me to select the topic "The Regime of Bhartiya Janata Party 1998". This is an attempt to take up all the major achievements and failures of the BJP/^vtJ through the selection of articles related closely with its various activities viz. the Pokhran Tests, Resolution of the Cauvery Conflict, the Mandir- Masjid Issue, Bus Service from Delhi to Lahore and Calcutta to Dhaka, being covered within the preview of the study. This dissertation provides an annotated bibliography of all the relevant material related to the significant events and mishaps attempting to be exhaustive in its coverage. In the process, it has included 200 articles dealing with BJP's rule which may prove useful for all those who have are slight interest in Indian Politics. Part one of this dissertation deals with introduction of the topic covered. Part two consists of an annotated bibliography of 200 articles on the topic. Part three consists of indices, author, title and subject.

METHODOLOGY : The primary sources were consulted in the following libraries, i) Maulana Azad Libraries, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. ii) Coaching and Guidence Cell, A.M.U., aligarh. iii) Seminar Library, Department of Library Science, A.M.U., Aligarh. iv) Bharatiya Janata Party, Central Office ().

Ill STANDARD FOLLOWED : The Indian standards recommended for bibliographical reference (18:2381-1963) and Classified Catalogue Code (CCC) of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan have been followed. In some cases where ISI do not give any guidance, I have taken appropriate decision.

ARRANGEMENT : The entries are arranged under subject heading which are arranged alphabetically following letter by letter method. The entry element of the author is in capitals, followed by the secondary element in parenthesis using capital and small letters and then the title of the articles, subtitle (if any) then by the volume number, issued number, the year, month and date giving by using inclusive notation of the pages of the articles. The each entry is than followed by an informative abstracts of the articles. Entries of periodical articels are arranged as follows : a) Serial Number b) Name of the Author/Author c) A full stop (.) d) Title of the contribution including subtitle and alternative title if any e) A full stop (.) f) Title of periodical being underlined g) A full stop (.) h) Volume number i) Comma (,) j) Issue number k) Semi colon (;) I) Year

iv m) Comma (,) n) Month

0) Comma (,) P) Date q) Semi colon (;) r) Inclusive pages of the articles s) A full stop (.)

SPECIMEN ENTRY : .139 CHATTERJEE (Partha). How we Loved the bomb and Later Rule it-Economic and Political Weekly. 33, 34; 1998, June, 13; 1437-1441.

EXPLANATION : This article is taken from the periodical "Economic and Political Weekly" How we loved the bomb and later rule it" written by "Chatterjee (Partha)" in 34th number of 33rd volume of 13th June 1998, on the pages from 1437 to 1441 against this entry.

SUBJECT HEADING : Attempt has been made to give co-extensive subject heading as much as possible, it will facilitate the readers to find out desired artjcle(s) from this bibliography.

INDEX : The index part consists of indices, author, title and subject. The index guides to the specific entry or entries in the bibliography. It is hoped that it will be found useful in consultation of the bibliography. r •\ PART OME lMTR0t)VCT10>< I —i INTRODUCTION

Genesis of Bharatiya Janata Party :

The genesis of the Bharatiya Janata Party should be traced to the Preindependent period in India when sections of Hindus felt that the congress part^ Mahatma Gandhi was unnecessarily appeasing the Muslims and neglecting the interests of the Hindus who constituted the majority.

The history of the formation of under the inspiring leadership of late Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee in 1951 is well known though not its back ground. The Late Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee/talented leader of the Mahasabha had been importuned by Mahatma Gandhi, Nehru and Patel to Join the first control cabinet in spite of the fact that he did not join the congress.

In 1951 Dr. Mukherjee started work in East Bengal and also Delhi, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and other states. The first all India session of the new party, Jana Sangh was held in Delhi on 21st October, 1951, where Dr. Mukherjee was unanimously elected its first president. The first major attempt to suppress the RSS was made in 1948, after the murder of Mahatma Gandhi. Various (Canards were spread by its opponents that the murderer belonged to the RSS that he had confessed and all sorts of unbelievable trash. The RSS became very popular in northern India but after Gandhiji's association it was banned by the (^G^vtj The ban was lifted with great difficulty. The main goal of the RSS was to see a free, prosperous and great India emerging on the International scene. The progress of the RSS under its second Sarsanghehalok Shri Golwalkar from 1940 to 1973 was multi dimensional. The RSS also contributed to the fight for independence. After his demise the RSS workers who had already joined the Jana Sangh came to position of prominence in that organisation because there seemed to be no others alternative.

The Jana Sangh came to the election fray in 1952 under the leadership of Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukerjee. It is one of the post independence political parties. It having won only 3 out of the 93 seats it contested. Only 35 out of a total of 725 Jana Sangh candidate to the state assembles could win. When it fought the 1957 election it was supposed to be a leaderless party having no programme or policies or any economic ideology for that matter. But the election results were encouraging, It had won 4 Lok Sabha and 46 Assembly seats its percentage of votes rising to almost 6. Its representatives, Atal Behari Vajpayee came to Lok-Sabha to raise its voice. Under the leadership of Dean Dayal Upadhyaya, the emphasis in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh from 1957 to 1962 was on strengthening the Organisation. After Deendayalji's death in 1966, the progress continued. But the political situation started undergoing a qualitative change from 1971 onwards. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) was born under stunning circumstances over which it had no control, circumstances which were both tragic and grotesque. Despite the fact that Bharatiya Janata Party had no control over the aforementioned circumstances, it is determined to have a complete control over its destiny because it is a party which rests on the strength of lakhs of selfless workers, has a popular national base and represerts the aspiration of patriotic elements. The party is determined to fulfil a national historic role with full sense of responsibility and urgency. Bharatiya Janata Party has been formed at a time when the nation is faced with an unprecedented crises. The Janata movement started in 1973-74 and people of different Ideoslogies and parties combined to create an alternative to congress.

When the Janata Party was launched in January, 1977 no one had raised any objection to the association of former Jana Sang members with the R.S.S. background. Even after Janata Party come to power, dual membership remained a non-issue until the internal power conflicts with in the party became very sharp. The Jana Sangh component of the Janata Party tried to cooperate with others but without much success. The mutual bickerings of the leaders coupled with the activities of a group of compulsive, chronic party splittness undermined Morarji's Government and the Janata Party. As a result of this successful resistance Mrs. Gandhi's Congress Party was trounced in the 1977 elections and af Janata Party Government consisting of BJS, BLD, Congress (0), Socialists and CFD took office. Here Shri Vajpayee as External Affairs Minister and Shri L.K. Advani as Information and Broadcasting Minister made memorable name. But within thirty months this Government went to pieces, thanks to the vaulting a.iibition of individual leaders.

Rise of BJP :

While the splintered Janata Party was routed in January 1980 their suicided "Dual Membership" campaign continued. The BJS component found this situation impossible, went out and reorganized itself as Bharatiya Janata Party. On April 6, 1980 the Bhartiya Janata Party was launched. Some people had suggested that the Jana Sangh should be relaunched. But Shri Vajpayee firmly said, "No we should not turn back. We will make use of our experiences in the Janata Party. We shall move ahead on the strength of our original thinking and principles" A bright new day had dawned in the chequered history of India. The very first session of BJP in December 1980 in Bombay, presided over by Sri Vajpayee was a glorious success.

The foundation session of the party at Bombay, carried his personal stamp as the policy declaration was replete with terms like-secularism, socialism and non aligenment. When the image he projected at the 1980 Bombay session got his party a miserable two seats in parliament his policy stance came in for sharp criticism with in.

Principles :

Bharatiya Janata Party put forward five principles which it is determined to follow and on the basis of which a national consensus can be created.

The first principle is Nationalism and National Integration. BJP believes that people of different faiths and different ideologies should be able to coexist in peace and harmony with one another.

Second a fundamental plank of the J.P. movement and so also of the BJP approach has been the commitments to "Democracy" .

Third Bharatiya Janata Party believes in the policy of positive secularism based moral values.

Fourth the ideology of the Bharatiya Janata Party would be broadly speaking that of Gandhian Socialism.

Fifth the central point of Gandhian Socialism is that these should be no poverty or explotation of man by man. BJP will strive to build up such a value based politics.

With the over all ideological frame work of these five commitments, BJP will take a flexible stand on other issues and will go a long way to cooperate with all those opposition parties which have no extra-territorial loyalty in envolving a common approach to resisting the authoritarianism, corruption and anti national policies of the congress party.

Both interms percentage of votes polled and seats gained, the graph of the Bharatiya Janata Party shows a steady rise since 1984, when it had won just 2 seats. No other party has shown a more consistent trend over the period.

BJP's steady progress from 1984 to 1999 is as follows :

Year Seats won

1984 2

1989 85

1991 119

1996 161

1998 177

1999 V 196

Clearly Ihe Bharatiya Janata Party has offered something to India that has appealed to large sections of society. In the 1989 elections the Janata Dal effected adjustment of seats with the BJP and proceeded to firm the Government without side support from the BJP and the communists. From day one Shri V.P. Singh did not play ball. The Bharatiya Janata Party had pladged him unconditional support, which was probably a mistake : there is no charity in politics, no free lunch. As BJP president L.K. Advani was heard remarking at the time. "Shri V.P. Singh is like an old-style princeling. He is all courtesy and all conspiracy". He would tell Shri Advani that he himself would join him in Kar Seva and then issued a temple ordinance only to with draw it within hours and have Shri Advani arrested V.P. Singh Suddenly came up with the Mandal Report not because his heart was bleeding for the poor but because he thought that, on this issue he could dissolve the house go to the polls, collect some 350 seats and rule the country on his own without the bother of consulting anybody on anything. But it was a gamble that failed, because the BJP had already raised the Ayodhya issue. And it had done so early in 1989, not on the basis of any electional calculation but on ideological conviction. Historic wrongs had to be righted, however symbolically, for a lasting solution of the Hindu-Muslim problem.

Sea Change in Political Scence :

Shri advani's Rath Yatra from Somnath to Ayodhya effected a Sea Change in the political scene. While Mandal had divided the people, Ayodhya united the people. What violence there was in 1990 came only because the Government arrested Shri Advani and the U.P. Chief Minister fired on Kar-Sevaks. Had they allowed Shri Advani to reach Ayodhya and do symbolic kar-seva there would have been no bandh no violence, anywhere. Shri V.P. Singh thought that BJP had secured 89 seats in 1989 because of seat adjustment with JD and that was true enough. But he forgot that his JD had also got 143 seats only because of seat adjustment the BJP would lose scores of seats. The BJP had won 119 in 1991. Actually the BJP added 30 seats to its old secure and it was the JD that declined to 59 seats. Vajpayee came out of the shadows in 1992 when the Babri masjid was demolished. He did not show the glee exhibited by 'ekdhakka aurdo' and disassociated himself from the pul deed by calling it unfortunate. The BJP ruled or supporter state government in Indian states of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) Madhya Pradesh (M.P.), Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra are continuing the Virulent anti-Muslim policy.

Unstoppable BJP :

The results of the 1995 election in Andhra, Karnataka, Bihar, Orissa, , Gujarat and Maharashtra were, if anything even more remarkable. In Maharashtra, Shiv Sena and the BJP have formed a fine coalition government. The BJP's historic performance in the Assembly elections when there was no seat adjustment with other parties and when the Ayodhya issue stood frozen, is confirmation of the fact that basically the BJP is forgoing ahead because of its excellent organisation, superb leadership and patriotic people's policies. BJP State Government enunciated a new education policy; they made copying in the exams a conginzable offence; they decentralised the administration; their Antyodaya took care of the poorest of the land, they waired the bans of poor farmers and their war on ciriminal elements and put them in jail.

Clear BJP Position :

The BJP position is very clear on this issue: Indian science and technology have come of age, as examplified by our defence and Research Development Organisation presided over by Dr. Abdul Kalam. Therefore foreign capital is welcome only in capital intensive hightech and infrastructural areas; however it must come on fair and competitives terms. The new watch-word is "Swadeshi". The world has been told in unmistakable terms by the BJP that India cannot be taken for granted. Under foreign pressure our missile programme has been capped. There have been successes, too. BJP leaders have made the Government agree to start and close parliament session with 'Vande Mataram". The BJP Ekta Yatra Flag in Srinagar on Republic Day 1992. And the BJP's Karnataka unit saw to it that the National Flag is duly hoisted on the Huble Public ground, which is used for Nawaz on Id-days.

This was amply proved in the 1996 general election. The BJP set the tone for this election through Shri Advani's Suraj Yatra which focus on corruption and the corrupt misdeals of the Narasimha Rao regime. The BJP emerged as the largest single party with 161 seats. Its allies, the Shive Sena, the Haryana Vikas Party, the Samata Party and the Akalidal, declared their support to a BJP government at the Centre.

History was made on May 16, 1996, when Shri was sworn in as Prime Minister. This was the first truly non congress Government to take charge of the nations affairs.

But alarmed by the prospect of the BJP firmly establishing itself in power, the others ganged uptand struck an unholy alliance of 14 parties. In the debate that followed on Shri Vajpayee confidence motion, the nation was witness to the political chicanery of the non-BJP parties. The Vajpayee Government resigned after a fortnight but the country paid a heavy price with the coming to power of the united front.

The tremendous success of Shri Advani's historic 59-days 15,000 kg, Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra provides further evidence of the BJP's popularity. The enthusiastic response to Shri Advani, latest Yatra to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of India's independence has firmly established the BJP as the primary political power in the country.

BJP in power - 1988 :

Mr. Atal Behri Vajpayee the veteral leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party was appointed Prime Minister by president Mr. K.R. Narayanan on March 15, 1998. The number of MP's supporting the BJP formation came to 264 on March 15, 1998, though short

10 of the halfway mark in the total house of 539. Even thus nagging anxiety was set at rest when the president of India was telephonically assured by the leader of the Telugu Desam Party and Chiefminister of Andhra Pradesh, Mr. Chandrababu Naidu, that the 12 TDM MPs and would remain neutral. The prime minister to prove his majority with in 10 days-on March 19, 1998. The BJP-Led coalition came went out with defetlons the TDP's turn about in the first instance and the AlADMK's walking out its fold in the final phase. Simiarly the Samata Party of , Biju Janata Dal, Shiromani Akali Dal, H.V.P, Mamta Banerjee's Trinamul Congress, Telugu Desam Party and Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Mr. Chandrababu Naidu. The present BJP Government may have a boon in not getting on absolute majority the hardlines will not be able to have their way and liberals must prevail.

The Bhartiya Janata Party led government completes its 100 day in office. The BJP led governemnt has decided on Nuclear tests to stay in power, was necessary. The BJP wants India to be a right winning militant state. It has pushed the country to a different, to confrontation. The BJP led government is conniving at efforts to communalise the atmosphere. In fact communalism has increased since the advent of Vajpayee government. Reminded of the Babri Masjid, Vajpayee said that the wanted the matter to be settled through the court. Vajpayee had a good word for the economy.

11 Bharatiay Janata Party's Major Achievements :

The achievements of BJP are as follows :

Economy : The BJP stands for fair trade note free trade. Though ostensibly a Swadeshi Government, the process of liberalisation continues none the less, giving hope to TNCs exploring investment options in India. The policy decision to reduce Government share holding in non strategic public sector units to 26%, Approval of Strategic sale of a few companies. Introduction of foreign Exchange Management Act Bill, Anti-Money Laundering Bill and a Bill Permitting private investment in the insurance sector in parliament. Annoucement of changes in deposit norms for NBSCs. Further reforms anticipated in the wake of western sanctions and the US business interests in key areas like insurance.

Financial Sector : The Vajpayee's Government provide the president regulations for banks tightened to require provisioning for centre ans Stage Government Securities, Government guaranteed loans and general provision for standard assests. Canditions for public issues by infrastructure campanies eased, 100 percent book buklding permitted for issues above 25 crore. Bill for strong independent Insurance Regulatory authority and opening of insurance and pension funds to private companies introduced in parliaments proposal to allow 26% foreign equity and additional in percent NRI and Fll holding.

Information Broad Casting : The BJP led Government have

12 introduce a sports channel, A24 hour news channel, FM radio for private broad casters started and Rs 430 crore plan for J & K up gradion of facilities for DD & AIR etc.

Agriculture : The BJP firmly believes that agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy and conscience keeper of Indian democracy. The BJP led Government they are 58% more budgetary allocation in respect of ministry of agriculture for the financial year 1998-99 provided, new Agricultural policy being formulated to accord important role to cooperative to ensure both high productivity and stable agro-commodities market, watershed development programme given higher budgetary allocation. Rs 1627 crore provided to state Governments as assistance under Accelerated Irrigation benefits programme to benefit formers during 1998-99. Steps taken for introduction of modern technology in handing, storage and transportation of foodgrains, reducing losses to the minimum possible.

Empowerment of woman & Children : Bharatiya Janata Party's led government they have provide legislation for reservation of 33% of the seats in parliament and state assemblies for woman. The plan to provide free education for girls upto college level, including professional courses and take ameasures to eleminate child labour.

Corruption : Bhartiya Janata Party led government introduce in parliament at path-breaking Lok Pal Bill to fight corruption at high

13 places, brining in the office of the Prime Minister also within the annbit of the proposal bill.

International Relations : The Vajpayee's Government have achieve successful handling of post- Pokhran II through practive diplomancy and they had multilateral summits, including SAARC in Colombo, the NAM Summit in Durban and the Un-General Assembly. Theere are initiative on joint global action against terrorism and dismantling of weapons of mass distructions. A firm message to Pakistan that while India seeds friendly relations and can take an initiative such as the "Lahore Bus Journey", there are equally firm in defeating any aggressive intentions. The effective management ensured that Pakistan was isolated diplomatically on the Kargil issue and the international community endorsed the Indian stand that Pakistan was the aggression and aggression must be vacated and security of LOG restored.

Information Technology : Bhartiya Janata Party's led government have achieve national Task Force on Information Technology & Software Development constituted to formulate National Information Technology Policy with an aim to enable India to emerge as an information technology super power with in the next 10 years. Blue print already adopted.

BJP Government will be to ensure protection of life and property from mafias and terrorists by giving a free hand to their security process to deal with the menace of terrorism. They put

14 an end to infiltration of foreign arms and terrorists from training camps across the border.

The Bhartiya Janata Party Government will appoint a National Security Council. It would review the nation's nuclear policy and exercise the option to induct nuclear weapons. The BJP is in favour of a nuclear free world. The BJP Government will not accept the Fissile Material Control Regime (FMCR) as well as Missible Technology Control Regime (MTCR). It would expect the serial production of Prithvi and the development of Agni II.

Poor Vajpayee, he did not know what to do during the first eight months after assuming power in 1998. The results prices of essential commodities just boomed and the Vajpayee government kept helplessly watching traders robbing consumers imagine, onions sold beyond Rs. 50 per kg; tomatoes and potatoes price hitting the roof. The Vajpayee government just looked the other way and balamed the opposition for the sky rocketing price hike. It annoyed the people so much that the Bharatiya Janata Party lost Delhi and Rajasthan while failed to win Madhya Pradesh during the November assembly election.

The Ayodhya disput has been there for a long time. It has been dragged through courts and is still pending there though decades have passed. It can be solved either through dialogue or by law.

The politicisation of national issue did not stop at that and

15 similar shiades of manipulative politics were discernible invaried domains. The dismissal of Naval Chief Vishnu Bhagwat proved to be he last straw. It could be betterer handled by giving him private advice to resign, not by making it a public issue. Jayalalitha making it a public issue. Jayalalitha made Bhagwat's dismissal an issue of national security and demanded his reinstatement and dismissal of defence minister George Fernandes as the price for continuing support to the Vajpayee government.

The BJP in Government would resume the strictest implementation of existing laws to punish rapists and those guilty of texual assault on woman. If the present laws failed to act as a determinent, the death penalty will be considered for rapists.

The Bharatiya Janata Party is the leading player in the coalition and drawing its stength from the authoritarian and aggressive phalanx of the . The BJP wants to create goodwill of its own, it must take action on these issues which touch the commonman.

The National Agenda for Governance (NAG) adopted by the BJP led government at the centre stated that government would expedite comprehensive reforms of PSUs including restructuring, rehabitation and disinvestment. After its first full budget 1998-1999 it became clear what was meant by NAG was "liquidation, dismantling and privatisation" of public sector, fare well to the lakhs of PSU workers under compulsory golden hand shake.

16 unmindful of what happens to their future and what ever happens to the self-reliant growth of the country. The hidden meaning of 'Swadeshi' agenda is to finish the really Swadeshi/National enterprises. On account of the disinvestment, as per that budget, the government was to get Rs 8,000 crores to meet the deficit.

The Bharatiya Janata Party seem to be a clean party and capable providing a corruption free government. The people of India wanted a fresh approach, a party that could provide an efficient government

Conclusions :

Shri Vajpayee's government set itself to the task of fulfilling the goal of making India strong and prosperous. Shri Vajpayee's Government effectively ended this crises of leadership and restored a sense of confidence and pride among the people.

They are to review India's nuclear policy In the context of emerging security concerns and scenario. On 11 May 1998, Pokhran II has not only instilled a sense of pride and security among the people of India but it had made the wortd recognise India as a powerful nation. They are subsequently mature and responsible even in the face of extreme provocation, has made the world recognise India as a responsible nuclear power.

The Bharatiya Janata Party led government's handling of the economy has shown the ability to manage the nation's affairs. India is once again on the path of industrial and agricultural

17 growth. They have protected the national economy from the effects of the fourth-east asian economic crisis. They ensured stability of the national currency. They have protected the interests of the common man by holding the price line.

The resolution of the cauvery conflict to the satisfaction of all the states involved in the dispute for more than four decades, is evidence of their commitment to consensus over conflict. The BJP has worked to have better relations with our neighbours. India's relation with Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nopal are today better and more robust than ever before. Shri Vajpayee's bus journey to Lahore was has led by governments across the world. They had held out to BJP a hand of friendship.

But Pakistan mistook Vajpayee's gesture of friendship as a sign of weakness. They did not realise that the BJP Government was willing to extend a hand in friendship, whereas they were also prepared to use the other hand to crush any evil designs on India's Unity and integrity.

The Pakistani instruction in Kargil was met with all their might and determination. They have all seen the difficult terrain in which Indian soldiers had to fight. The brave soldiers inflicted a crushing military defeat on the Pakistani's Simultaneously, BJP Government was a shining diplomatic victory-Pakistan was isolated while the international community backed India's stand. No less important is the fact that BJP's Government did not let the Kargil

IS conflict disrupt normal life. Nor did they pass on the economic burden of the war on to the people.

Indias victory in Kargil has fetched our nation a new respect. It has given to people a sense of confidence. It has made us proud.

Vajpayee's Government set new parameters of purposeful governance. The National Agenda of BJP is a sincere and solemn covenant armed at changing the content and culture of governance of this great nation, freeing it of the triple curses of hunger (bhookh), fear (bhay) and corruption (bhrashtachar), and transforming it in to a New India, that is prosperous, strong, self- confident and at peace with itself and the world.

19 /^ —^ PART TWO BIBLIOGRAPHY I i 1. BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY, GOVERNMENT, ACHIEVEMENT. MUKHERJl (Debashish). From balancing act the bus. The week. 17,13; 1999, May, 14; 30-33. The article deal with Prime Minister Vajpayee, after a crises ridden year is working on winning back his public appeal. His remarkable skill at one to one. Sessions has seen Vajpayee build cordidi personal relations with not only Nawaz Sharif but also Jayalalitha, Mamata and the rest of his Volatile allies. The government do not add up to much of a tally. There is undoubtedly the Pokharan blast which BJP, leaders continued to take enormous pride in. The temporary solution to the Vexed Cauvery dispute between and Karnataka, was yet another Coup. The bus trup to Lahore and the meeting of the prime ministers of Pakistan and India is another significant achievement.

2. —., .—, —, PRIME MINISTER, INDEPENDENCE DAY. PHADNIS (Aditi). Totter Totter Creak Creak. Sunday. 25. 34; 1998, August, 23; 19-20. The author express his view that in the five month's that it has been in power, the BJP's government has little to boast of. So, when Vajpayee stood up and faced the nation on 15 August there was little else he could talks of except of course his own problems of governance. The government has not really had much success (Indeed, time) for governnance. The record of most ministers Is below par-not only are they not implementing their own agenda they are not implementing anyone else's agenda either. For the most

20 part he concentrated on the BJP governments achievements, namely the Pokhran and the Cauvery accord. Shut your eyes and imagine India being overned by a BJP government. What come to mind progromms riots, thought police, righte wrong. The BJP is waiting for deliverance from Jayalalitha. India is waiting from the BJP to stop talking and start working.

..., ...., AGENDA, DEMOLITION, BABRI MASJID. BHADRA (Gyon). Card Never Pad off to BJP. Nation and the World. 8, 172; 1998, Dec, 16; 10. The author expresses his view about BJP-RSS combine demolished the 464 year old Babri Mosque in Ayodhya which led to a spate of rioting allover the country. They were supported by a highly communallsed administration and police force. The BJP coupled with Sangh Parivar firmly believed that it could stake its claim to power in New Delhi. The BJP maintained before the masses that the demolition of the Babri mosque was an assertion of the feeling of Hindutva. The Hindutva card played by BJP put the party in a 'nown' situation in the elections. And this is the only reason which explain the BJP's reductance to play 'Hindutva' card is successive elections-both assembly and parliamentary held after 1993 election.

..., ...., ...., RAM MANDIR. AHSAN (M.H.) BJP regimes wo not build Ram Mandir. Blitz. 58: 22; 1998 May 30; 7.

21 Though the issue of erecting a Ram Mandir at Ayodhya does not figure on the national agenda of the BJP led coalition in New Delhi the (VHP) is regardless going full steam ahead with preparation to build the contentious temple. The VHP's recruitment target of fulltime workers by the year 2000 is 50,000 of which 15,000 will hail from Andhra Pradesh. Their job will to be help in the construction of the temples.

5 ...., ...., ...., WOOING MUSLIMS YADAV (R.S.) Vajpayee Pushes His "Foul" Thesis. New age. 46, 30; 1998, Jan, 18, 24;1. The author discuss about the Vajpayee's advise to Muslims to Shake off their outmoded thinking. He declared that Ram Janam Bhoomi, Kashi or Mathura is not on his agenda now. If Atal Behari Vajpayee is to be believed, BJP all along a Muslim baiter party-has turned into a party quite sympathetic and considerate to Muslim interests. Vajpayee and some other top leaders are wooing Muslims. Starting from Aslam Sher Kham, they are in hot pursuit of any Muslim, whosever, may agree for a press statement in BJP's favour. Some people may course seek to business with the BJP for personal gains. Bal Thackeray, the Shiv Sena Supremo and the BJP's closest only is also speaking in a different tone. Vajpayee is also pushing this pul thesis. It is really pathetic to find that a leader who is being put up before the people as their future prime ministerial candidate, if voted to power, has stoped so low.

22 6. —, .—, AGREEMENT, INDO-PAK INDIA, PAK Sign Memorandum. The Pioneer. 9, 53; 1999, February 22; 1. India and Pakistan on Sunday agree to set up appropriate consultative mechanism to monitor and ensure implementation of the existing confidence building measurer besides upgrading the communication links between the director generals of military operations of the two nations for maintaining peace and tranquility on the borders. These commitments of under in a memorandum of understanding which was signed by the foreign secretaries of the two countries Mr. K. Raghunath and Mr. Shamshad Ahmad in the presence of Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee and Mr. Nawaz Sharif. The two sides fully committed measures to reducing the risks of accidental or unauthorised use of nuclear weapons under their respective control.

7. ..., ...., ALLIANCE, REGIONAL. GILLAN (Michael) . BJP and Transformation of opposition politics in . Economic and Political weekly. 33, 36; 1998, Sep. 5-12; 2391-2395. The BJP Compaign in West Bengal reflects the national strategy developed by the BJP to break its political isolation and from important regional alliances through out India. The basis for these alliances, as in the example of West Bengal has been to form regional ties with state opposition political formations whose primary concern is the defeat of particular ruling parties at the state level. Whether

23 the particular regional alliance between the Trinamul and The BJP in West Bengal can be maintain in perhaps secondary to the shortterm efficacy of the alliance in allowing the state unit of the party to gain an electoral posthold in the state for the first time. In order to facilitate its alliance strategy, the BJP has been forced to adopt a political style which is as accommodating as possible for an avowedly 'ideological' party.

8. .—, .—, ASSEMBLY ELECTION. KIDWAI, (Ansar). Punished. Nation and the World. 8, 172; 1998, December, 16; 14-15. The BJP faced a rout in the November assembly poll as widely predicted even though the Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee found it agains his party's expectations. The party paid heavily for its misgovernance and promise which proved follow. This Is the first time that economic issue like that price rise and shortage of essential commodities played such a major role in making or marring the political fortunes of the major grouping in the fray. The BJP-RSS have not been able to ride themselves.of their communal hang-ups after the electorate put them in seats of governance at the centre. The defeat of the BJP is bound to be seen as a gain of the secularists. The BJP has knack of speaking in two voices. This assertion denial syndrome has been part of the BJP double speak.

24 9. ...., ...., BUDGET 1998-99. RAINA (R.) Political Budget : Protection to businessmen, war on Public Sector. New Wave. 27, 42; 1998 June 7; 1. The B.IP has taken its second major step to consolidate its political hold by presenting a soft, please-all budget. The first was the Pokhran tests. Both are designed to create, a feel good atmosphere project the BJP as an ultra nationalist party. The budget is going to extent this isolation to the economic sphere. The budget has gone out of its way to be benefit businessmen, protect the subsidies of rich formers and the compensation to well off withdraw from the global economy and resurrected the spetre of stagflation. In that sense it is political objectives rather than tacking economic issues.

10. VYASULU (Vinod). BJP's First Budget : The Pluses and Minuses. Economic and Political Weekly. 33, 23; 1998, June, 6-12; 1362-1366. In this article the author confines himself to the economic dimension, and the immediate context of the latest budget. It means that what we are discussing many not be the most important of the issues now facing the country. Yet this agenda has been set by the finance minister Yasvant Sinha. The BJP's first budget represents continuity in some ways, but in others it breaks new ground. This effort could, however, have gone further. Then of course, there are many negative points in the budget. Do they out weight the possitive ones. Finally, there is a great danger of

25 inflation. Governments may come and go but their poverty goes on for ever.

11 ...., ...., ...., PUBLIC SECTOR. MAHADEVAN, (H). Budget 1998-99 : BJP Government's Waron Public Sector. New age. 46, 27; 1998, July, 5-11; 9. The author discuss about in a devastating move, the BJP led government came out in clear and unambiguous term on June 1, that t he central public sector in India w\\ be demolished. The budget 1998-99 presented by Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha openly diclared a war on public sector and in that process more than satisfied the IMF-world bank dictates. The Budget 1998-99 opens up a red carpet welcome to the private capitalists both Indian and foreign who were hostile to the public sector since inception and who want to own and enjoy the fruits of the blood sweat of the working class.

12. -—, .—, BUS SERVICE, CALCUTTA-DHAKA. MAHFUZAMAN. Trade wheels : Moving in the right direction. India Today. 24, 16; 1999, April, 13-19; 44. The direct bus service between Dhaka and Calcutta comes over two decades too late. The bus link should also help forge closer Indo-Bangia trade cooperation. Bangladesh- India relations is that for the Indian it is hardly a part of the domestic political agenda while for Bangladesh it is nothing but. Where politics has failed, hopefully trade and commerce will successed. The practical world of profit and

26 loss should raise the level of discourse on India-Bangladesh relation to a new, realistic level.

13. HAROON HABIB. Dhaka-Calcutta bus trial run on April 6. The Hindu. 122, 72; 1999, March. 26; 8. The article deals with the trial run of the bus service between Dhaka and Calcutta will take place on April 6 to facilitate road communications between the two neighbours. The delegation from India will begin their journey for Bangladesh on April 8 and will come along with the bus from Bangladesh. With in a week of the trial run, the commercial operation of the bus service between the countries will follow an official said. The two countries signed an agreement and a protocol on February 17 in New Delhi enabling them to operate direct bus service between Dhaka and Calcutta. Under the agreement and protocol two bases from each side will ply for six days of the week for the initial period of operation. The agreement will be remined by the two governments after three months of operation covering the share of traffic frequency of service and other related issues the official added.

14. DHAKA REPICES as bus reaches city. The Hindustan Times. 25, 167, 1999, June, 20; 1. The inaugural Calcutta-Dhaka bus reached here this evening at the Osmani Memorial Complex to a tumultuous welcome in the presence of Prime Minister Adal Behari Vajpayee and his Bangladesh counterpart Sheikh Hasina,

27 thus heralding a new chapter in Indo-Bangia relations. External Affair Minister jaswant Singh, his Bangladesh counterpart Abdus Samad Azad, West Bangal Chief Minister Jyoti Basu besides Union Ministers Nitish Kumar and Kabindra Purakayastha were present at the function. Sheikh Hasina said the bus service heralded a new era in bilateral relations between the two countries. The bus to Dhaka was flagged off from Calcutta amid usual trappings but missing unmistakably was they fizz with the controversy surrounding the denial of permission to writer Sunil Gangopalhyay by the centre, casting its shadow over the historic event. The Actor Vasanta Chowdhury boarded the bus at Salt Lake International Bus Terminus.

15. JAHANGIR (Rahman). Bus to Bangladesh. Sunday. 26, 26; 1999, June, 27; 30-31. The two neighbouring countries are now poised to enter a new phase in their relations with the formal inauguratory of a direct bus service on 19 June. The direct bus service is being viewed by regular travellers as a positive move in the right direction, aming at easing the untold sufferings of passengers who visit India by road. Shafi Sami : the successful operation of the Dhaka-Calcutta bus service will decide the future of the Dhaka-Agartala and Dhaka-Syedpur Siliguvi bus links, pointed out foreign secretary Shafiul Samil at a news briefing in Dhaka. The token ride on 19 June was symbolic as both Priministers Sheikh Hasina and Atal Behari Vajpayee and West bengal

28 Chief Minister Jyoti Basu received nearly 80 passengers of the two buses coming from Calcutta. Both Bangladesh and India had in the meantime taken steps to promote regular movement of people by relaxing visa rules. The Dhaka- Calcutta direct bus service is a new era of cooperation between neighbouring.

16 MOZFAFFAR ISLAM. A Ride to Dhaka. Nation and the World. 8, 187; 1999, August, 1; 26-27. There is general expectation that besides strengthening bilateral relation between India and Bangladesh this step goes a long way in signalling there abiding desire for good neigboury relations. The two buses called 'Soharelya' (Friendship) started their historic run from the newly constructed Karunamage international bus terminus is salt Lake city in Calcutta. The flower-bedecked 'Sohardya' carying the Indian delegation from Calcutta was received by Priminister's Atal Behari Vajpayee and Sheikh Hasina Wajed along with West Bengal Cheif Minister Jyoti Basu with his other colleagues. The two priministers later discuss a wide range of issues including economics and the Kargel conflict.- In an agreement with the Bangladesh government on June 20 India agreed to provide a creadit of Rs. 200 crore over the next three years. The media in Bangladesh hailed the Calcutta-Dhaka bus service as a historical event. However given the goodwill and opportunetly the Calcutta-Dhaka pasenger bus service would open a new chapter in the history of India-Bangladesh cooperation. The two close

29 neighbours and became a significant step in consolidating peace and prosperity in South East Asia.

17. KHARE (Harish). Indo-Bangia ties strengthened. The Hindu. 122, 25; 1999, June 20; 1. On June 19, The "People's Bus" from Calcutta railed into Dhaka this evening, raising hopes of a substantive integration at the popular level between Bangladesh and India. Devoid of the high profile hype that accompained the now bettered "Lahore Bus" the Calcutta-Dhaka bus run was a rather low key affair but still underlining the Cultural and political affimity between the two countries. The bus was formally received by the two prime Ministers, Mr. Atal Behari Vajpayee and Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh at the Osmani memorial hall. Mr. Vajpayee described the start of the bus service as "One more stage in the active agenda between India and Bangladesh and called the Occasion a "Wonderful Celebration. The Bangladesh Prime Minister hailed the bus service as reflection of a under desire for easily available communication facilities" which would "strengthen and extend the existing cordial relation between the peoples of the two countries. The Mr. Vajpayee chose to travel to Dhaka in the midst of the Kargil conflict, seek to under line India's friendly ties with the South Asian neighbours with the possible exception of Pakistan.

18. BUS BRINGS back the Spirit of 71. Sunday Pioneer. 9, 169; 1999, June, 20; 1.

30 A Historic landmark was established as the first Calcutta-Dhaka bus rolled in this evening to a spontaneous clap of the two nations top leaders. Hundreds of people gathered at the Osmani Hall where priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee and Bangladesh Priminister Sheikh Hasina welcomed the passengers of the bus which had entered Dhaka after completing a 380 km journey. This is indeed a joyous occassion for people in both countries. This is a service we have long planned for and today we see it as a reality. We in South Asia are now engaged in establishing arrangements for regional cooperation in this direction through SAARC. The easily available communication facilities will strengthen and extend the existing cordial relations between the peoples of the two countries.

19. BANGLADESH for enhancement of bilateral relations. National Herald. 31, 103; 1999, June. 21; 1. The article deals with Calcutta-Dhaka bus service being launched. The Priminister of two countries welcomed the first direct Calcutta-Dhaka bus service here this evening with a call for further .enhancement of ties between the neighbours. Receiving the inaugural bus service here along with Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee and a host of other dignitaries from India and Bangaldesh at a ceremony at Osmani Memorial Hall here, Bangladesh Priminister Sheikh Hasina said during our war of liberation 10 million people, leaving their homeland had taken shelter in India. The people of Bangladesh still remember the rare example set

31 by India and her people with gratitude for saving a huge number of refuges, providing them with food, clothing, shelter and health care extending moral support towards the liberation war" said Hasina. This is indeed a joyous occasion for people in both countries" Vajpayee said as the bus rolled in to the Bangladeshi capital.

20. CHAKARBATI (Ashis). Delhi, Dhaka get on board. The Indian Express. 67, 223; 1999, June, 20; 1. The article deals with both India and Bangladesh taking giant step forward in improving bilateral relations. The two priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee and Sheikh Hasina, were here to welcom the passengers of the first directs Calcutta- Dhakabus. This carries forward the journey the two countries have begun in recent years with the signing of the Ganga water shaving agreement in- December, 1997. Reinforcing that this was just the beginning of the journey towards peace and goodwell, Vajpayee promised that more routes whould be opened up, more rail services introduced. Travellers between the two countries Vajpayee said, included students in large numbers, medical patients, businessmen, tourists pilgrim and tourists who had relatives and friends on either side of the border. The absence of a direct bus service meant the travellers had to walk across the border with their luggage.

21. —-, .—, , DELHI-LAHORE. AIYAR (Manishankar). Vajpayee's bus lomacy. Sunday. 26,

32 24; 1999, June, 13; 8-10. This article beings with the view that the bus to Lahore had arrived in Kargil. The relationships between India and Pakistan was over-laid. The bus to Lahore was neither about strategy nor about tactics. It left people on both sides of the border mesmerised by vision of peace but now where near any resolution of differences. Bus to Lahore did serve the immensely important domestic purpose of making the bumbing Vajpayee look like a world class states man. The Lahore wastoo important to the survival and image of the Vajpayee government for Vajpayee and his collegues to jeoparadise the good. Whether for sustaining his government or seaking a fresh minded, Vajpayee desperately needed the Lahore spirite.

22. BUS JOURNEY to Pakistan. Competition Master. 40, 9; 1999 April, 5; 70. The author discusses about India and Pakistan having built a wall of hostility between. Hopes of peace and cooperation were raised when priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee task a bus journey to Lahore. Given the history of hospility and suspicion between Pakistan and India every new effort to mark a fresh beginning is greeted with great optimism. The Shimla aggreement had raised hopes of an improvement of relations among the two neighbours. Subsequently many rainds of talks have taking place between secretaries and leaders but the hostility has remained. The bus journey Undertaken by India's Prime

33 Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee is a historic step Indeed. It was a defining movement of history because it may will be a turning print of relation from suspicion and hostility to trust and cooperation.

23. AMIT BARUAH. The bus to Pakistan. Frontline. 16, 4; 1999, March, 12; 4-9. Prime Minister A.B. Vajpayee bus ride to wagah and the promise head his host, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif made later in Lahore to the people of India and Pakistan are only a big first step in a very long journey of friendship between the two countries. The Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee crossed the wagah border checkpost on February 20. The Vajpayee-Sharif talks focussed on the entire range of bilateral relations, regional cooperation with in the SAARC and issues of international concerned. The broad principle of an emerging India-Pakistan relationship with the Prime Minister of two countries sharing a vision of peace and stability between countries. The responsibility for both Vajpayee and Sharif will be torism in the hawks on both sides.

24. JOSHI (Ishan). The Peace Ride. Outlook. 5,7; 1999, March, 17, 8-24. The article indicates that the peace Initiative came from PM's who lead hardline parties may be Ironic. But it could also be the clincher. Atal Behari Vajpayee stepping gingerly off the bus to Lahore at Wagah and Nawaz Sharif,

34 pacing the red carpet perhaps a touch impatiently, embracing, a ceremonial guns boomed in solute. Feb 20, 1999, 4 P.M. Within movements of Vajpayee's first step on Pakistani Soil, the mood had changed. A beginning had been made to bring Vajpayee's word on Indian side " I am going to Pakistan with your support with a message of peace and friendship to fruition. It's a long hail on the realbilateral issue. But if a bus crossing the border leads to public euphoria, it's a start. The real break through has been the symbolism the very act of embrance. While for Vajpayee the bus ride is an attempt to take the initiative away from the hawks, Sharif feels he can have it both ways discuss Kashmir for the domestic audience and play the stateman as well. Naturally both have no objection to attention bing forced else where. All in al it's a fortuitous encounter between vision, economics and global will. But the sheer audacity of the wagah ren dezisus caught the pulse of the people. Peacesuddenly seemed to make sense.

25. DELHI-LAHORE bus service from March, 16. The Hindu. 122, 61; 1999, March, 13; 1. The author discuss the much awaited regular bus service between Delhi and Lahore would begin from March 16, the Delhi Transport Minister, Mr. Parvez Hashmi announced here today. The bus run four days a week- Tuesday Wednes day, Friday and Saturday. Passengers would be entitled to carry limited baggage as specified for domestic travel. The super deluxe airconditioned bus with

35 under and channel music would also have a mobile telephone system which the passengers could avail of to make calls on payment to any where in the country during their journey between Delhi and wagah border. The 38 seater bus would have a five member crew with two drivers two security guards and one liasion officer. The first bus which undertask the historic journey to Lahore with the Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee, on board would be handed over to the priminister is office. The bus would be puton desplay of the PMO's penises from March 19 to coincide with the Vajpayee Governments completion of one year in office.

26. EQBAL (Ahmad). Enemies in Need could bring peace. Nation and the world. 8, 179; 1999, April, 1; 14-16. The author expresses his view t he Atal Behari Vajpayee's bus journey' to Lahore is a historic events. They make an unlikely pair of peace makers. Vajpayee and Nawaz Sharif have developed a great foundness for each other and are inclined to comprehand each other's grew point, recognise domestic constraints and trust each other's internations, A mutually agreed set of rules on safety deploment and warning is requirement for preventing, thermonuclear holocaust by accident, indvidual beyond the symbolism of bus ride, bnuggy ride and Moghul point in Lahore Possession of nuclear capability by both countries has yielded a security environment characterised by deference so that neither side can contemplate war.

36 27. SAKSENA (Rashmi). Hope inspring. The weak. 17, 12; 1999, March, 7; 33-34. Vajpayee's visit generated among the people of Pakistan a desire for a more fruitful relationship with India. The great moment of priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee's bus crossing the Rad Cliffs lue at the wagah border had already moved into the page of history. This is in solution to the promise of peace between India and Pakistan. The two day Vajpayee visit gave way to a new hope the day later. Lahore posted the visit hoping that all the symbolism will translate in to trade ties, casing of visa regulations and finally the resolution of Kashmir. Vajpayee and his delegations has left behind a feel good sentiment. The interaction has made the like of Tariq and Rubina disped their inpressions about people across the border. Atleast in Lahore to make friends review contacts establish trade links and move on to a fruitful relationship. He may indeed be hoping as are Punjabs industrialists and traders that the GT Road to Pakistan may after them the trade opportunities that coastlines offer people in other states.

28. KIDWAI (Ansar). Friendly bus streers towards peace. Nation and the world. 8, 178; 1999, March, 16; 30-31. The article deals with the Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee's bus journey from wagah to Lahore on February 20. The bus on both sides was a symbol of common main's transport and as such. Peaceful protests and dissent with in limits are part of the democratic way of life but

37 violence has no place in this scheme. The joint declaration signed by the two priministers and the memorandum of understanding (Mou) worked but reach the two leaders the men who really mattered. The friendly beginnings made driving earlier regimes along with latest initiative need to be consolidated to strengthen the aims of peace.

29. SHUKLA (Rajiv). Sustain the success. Sunday. 26, 10; 1999, March, 7-13; 11. The author expresses his views as the follow up of Vajpayee's Lahaore visit as the most successful visit. In a very short time the Nawaz Sharif government made all arrangement to make it a memorable event. Though nuclear explosions on both sides, dashed hopes of friendship the friendly feeling was still left in both Sharif and Atal Behari Vajpayee. This feeling took Vajpayee to Lahore and made Nawaz give him a read carpet welcome. Both the leaders oepniy said that there should be no more war between the two countries. Once trade is open business lobbies and vested interests will force both the government to have friendship. Both sides should withdraw forces from siachen during winter when the soldiers of both countries suffer due to the adverse weather and statusques should be maintained.

30. NAYAR (Kuldip). They did not Miss the bus. Nation and the World. 8, 178; 1999, March, 16; 28-29. The bus to Lahore opened avenus to greater peace between the two neighbours. Flags of India and Pakistan

38 were painted on its body. Tlie Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee sat in the front seat, the bus began its journey to Lahore. Before long we were out of Atari and than at Wagah. :Khushamdeed' to Pal

31. —, —., CAUVERY SETTLEMENTS, TAMIL NADU- KARNATAKA NAGARAJ (BS). Cauvery : Deal on, not quite. The Indian Express. 66. 266; 1998, August, 8; 1. Tamil Nadu and Karnataka agree on setting up an authority, under the chairmenship of the priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee, with Chief Minister of the four states as member for implementation of the cauvery water disputes tribunals interim order/. A monitoring committee comprising central and state officers, to function under authority for this purpose. Under this authority there would be monitoring committee consisting of the designated officers of the central government and the state government concerned.

32. LAST HURDLE in setting cauvery raw removed. The Hindustan Times. 74, 220; 1998, April, 19; 1.

39 The agreement reached on role of monitoring panel. The final hurdle in the way of clinching an accord on the cauvery issue was overcome today with the major parties to the dispute, Karanata and Tamil Nadu. The decks have been cleared for the implementation of the seven year old interim award of the cauvery water fribunal by which Karnataka will release 205 TMC of water every year to Jamil Nadu. The Chief Minister of the four riparian states. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and pondichery had come to abroad agreement on all contentions issues barring the role and function of the monitoring committee at a high level meeting convened by Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee Yesterday.

33. KARNATAKA, TN approve draft. Sunday Pioneer. 8, 219; 1998, August, 9; 1. A. major hurdle in implementing the water sharing agreement among the four cauvery basin states was removed on Saturday. Both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, the two main contending parties, approved a draft on the role and function on the monitoring committee being set up to assest the cauvery River Authority. Karnataka Law Minister MC Naniab said the drafting committee which met under the Chairmanship of the Cabinet Secretary last night, had arrived at four broad proposals on the role of the monitoring committee. The committee would only assist the authority, and not have any independent executive or statutory powers. It would function directly under the authority headed by Prime Minister and four cheif minister.

40 34. MENON (N.C.) Major break through in cauvery water issue. Hindust Times. 74, 219; 1998 August 8; 1. The article deals with four basin states arrive at a broad agreement. The chief minister of the cauvery basin states today achieved a major break through on the implementation of the contentious interm award of the cauvery water tribunal. The accord between Tamil Nadu, Karnataka Kerala and Pondichery was reached after nine hours of discussions spread over two days priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee had with the chief ministers ahead of the Aug. 12 deadline set by the supreme court for finalising a scheme to implement the award. Under the four point agreement there shall be a scheme for giving effect to the interm award of tribunal and all related order. There shall be an authority which will comprise the Prime Minister and the chief minister of the four states.

35. BREAK THROUGH in cauvery row. The Pioneer. 8, 218; 199, Aug. 8; 1. The Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee on Friday managed to achieve a break through on the contentious cauvery water issue with the four riparian states reaching a boad agreement on removing barriers to the implementation of the seven year old Interim award of the river water tribunal. The success came a the end of three rounds of talks between the Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee and the Chief Minister of four states.Mr. JH Patel (Karnataka) Mr. M Karunanidhi (Tamil Nadu), Mr. E.K. Narayan (Kerala),

41 and Mr. Janakiraman (Pondichery). The centre has decided to constitute a drafting committee headed by cabinet secretary which will back in to power, duties functions and the role of the monitoring committee. The agreement on it reached under the leadership of Mr. Atal Behari Vajpayee on all occasions he was the chief minister of Tamil Nadu. MR. Karunanidhi thanked Mr. Vajpayee and planning commission deputy chiarman Jaswant Singh for facilitating the agreement.

36. ESWARAN (V.V) Cauvery water dispute : A break through at last. Nation and the World. 8, 166; 1998, September, 16; 24-25. This article deals with old cauvery waters dispute priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee could seen as having successfully taken the initiative in solving a serious problem. The main tussle is between Karnataka where the river priginates, and Tamil Nadu through which it mainly passes. Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee made the chief minister agree to compromise in the cauvery water dispute, since Karnataka and Tamil Nadu appeared to be prepared to developing the potential of the cauvery, the centres was only too happy to assist them in formulating a concord that could ensure the well being of both the states. The cauvery waters dispute has made one thing clear. The pulls and pushes of political compulsion, inked both to popular regional passions and local political rivalries, would always stand in the way of a rational and amicable solution. The

42 union government will not have to implement its promise as stated in the national agenda of setting up National water commission that would oversee all water related issues allover the country. And the sooner the centre goes for it the better.

37. GHOSE (Arabinda). Cauvery : From confrontation to cooperation. Nation and the World. 8, 166; 1998, September, 16; 26. The author discusses the two largest states Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have been fighting over sharing of the waters of the cauvery river for the last seven years. This war came to an end for the present at least on August, 7, 1998. The "armistice" in their war was brokered by Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee and his "trouble shooter" Jaswant Singh when an agreement was arrived at leaving all the four chief minister happy. International dimensions when the country was partitioned in 1941 with the Indus system in the West and the Ganga-Brahma Putra - Meghana (GBM) system in east becoming international water courses. Priminister Vajpayee resolved this tangle with the suggestion that the proposal authority be claimed by himself and the chief ministers of the four basin states be the members. The present government proposes to seek solution to the inter state river waters disputes through the political route apart from the judiciations. The four state have adopted the path of cooperation rather than confrontation in resolving

43 this longstanding dispute. This is an encouraging developments.

38. VENKATESAN (V). An Authority on test. Frontline. 15, 23; 1998, November, 7-20; 28-29. The article indicated that the cauvery river water authority met for the first time amidst continuing differences between the states concerned failed to take any significant decision. The first meeting of Cauvery River Water Authority (CRWA) took place in New Delhi on October 28. The meeting was chaired by priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee and attended by the chiefministers of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and Pondichery and Senior Officials of the Union Water Resources Ministery. The meeting was important for three reasons, first the Authority is seen to be achieving its aims, it will be viewed as a tribute to the spirit of cooperative federations that characterised the accord. Secondly the CRWA has begun its work at a time when there is uncertainty about when the cauvery water disputes tribunal will announce its final award. It remains to be seen whether the priminister's appeal to the chief minister to continue in the spirit of mutual cooperation and under standing that marked the setting up of the authority will help in the spredy resolution of the cauvery dispute.

39. PILLAI (Sreedha). The cauvery card. Sunday. 25, 30; 1998, July, 26; 24. The Tamil Nadu politicians use the river water sharing

44 issue to embarrass the centre. Cauvery is an emotive issue for the people of both Tamil Nadu and Karnataka seven years have passed since the cauvery tribunal's interim order asking Karnataka to release 205 meter fit of vi^ater to Tamil Nadu's former annually. Karnataka has not agreed to this. In a game of one upmanship, Karananidhi hurriedly faxed a latter to the PM., GK Moon paner called for an all party meeting and Jayalalitha said Karnataka was blocking implementation of the inter imaulard through ordinances and lawsuits. It's totally unreasonable to expect the four month old BJP government to solve a problem which has ben hanging free for seven years.

40. SREEDHAR PILLAI. Troubled waters. Sunday. 25, 34; 1998, August, 23-29; 30. The article deal with tracing the history of the cauvery dispute. The suit was closed in view of the scheme notified by the centre which has created an authority headed by the priminister with reparian stats as its members cauvery has been at the centre of the over 150 year old dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The cauvery begins her 800 km journey from the picturesque kodogu district in Karnataka. She has cades into two fills before entering the plains of Tamil Nadu where she becomes the lifeline of formers. The dams were build by both the states across they cauvery. The supreme court ordered the PM to solve the issue. Finally in a major break through priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee was able to get the chief

45 minister of the four reparian states to agreement scheme for the implementation of the 1997 interm award of the cauvery water disputes tribunal and for creating a river valley authority with the priminister as the head.

41. VENKATESAN (V). The Cauvery conundrum. Frontline. 15,16; 1998, August, 1-14; 30-31. The article deals with the supreme court setting a July 12 "deadline" for the centre to work out a negotiated settlement to the cauvery dispute the Vajpayee Government finds itself pulled in different directions by political parties in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The BJP led coalition govrnment at the centre is virtually being tern apart by interge pressure from political parties in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka on the cauvery water issue. It found negotiated settlement to the decades olddispute between the two states. A memorandum signed by members of parliament belonging to all political parties in the AIADMK led front in Tamil Nadu, barring the Marunalarchi Dravida Munpetra Kazhazam (MDMK) was submitted to the priminister. The memorandum submitted by the all party delegation to Atal Behari Vajpayee stated. The solution to the problem does not lie in the creation of a mechanism or a regulatory authority equipped with statutory powers. Many observed believe that an negotiated settlement between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu is the only posssible solution to the cauvery dispute.

46 42. VENKATESEN (V). Role of the Monitoring Committee. Frontline. 15, 17; 1998, August, 15, 28; 25-28. The author express his views that the deaks were cleared for the announcement of a scheme to give effect to the interm award of the cauvery water dispute tribunal with the drafting committee finalising the role of and functions of the monitoring committee at a late night meeting on August. The committee will assist the authority in collecting information and data the three states and Pondichery agreed. Atal Behari Vajpayee have more powers than the authority. The state and union Territory have also agreed that the monitoring (committee will assist the authority in setting up a well designed hydro-meterorological network in the cauvery basin. The authority the first of its kind to be created compulsing the Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee and chiefminister) in any river water sharing agreement would offer the much needed political healing touch.

43. MURTHY (Sachidananda). Fruid Situation. The Week. 16, 36; 1998, August, 23; 44-47. The article deals with the water sharing issue depends the mistrust between Vajpayee and Jayalalitha. The cauvery aggreement was the biggest betrayal. The cauvery issue it was their turn to be arrogant towards the difficult lady of Channai. Vajpay's men had worked elaborate plans on cauvery. Jayalalitha's priminister's had thought that Vajpayee would invite their leader for talks on the dispute before he meet the chief minister of the four basin state on August 6.

47 As he found Vajpayee was ignoring the major ally more and more he softened considerably on the cauvery water draft scheme. But Karunanidhi wanted to anger Jayalalitha more by accepting the Vajpayee proposal. When Ramamurthy finally met Vajpayee, the agreement had been reached and water resources secretary. Z. Hasan had already signed the gazette notification. Finally Vajpayee and Jayalalitha had no mutual trust at all.

44. VENKATESAN (V). And quiet flows the Cauvery. Frontline. 15, 17; 1998, August, 15-28; 25-29. In the case of the long festering cauvery issue conciliation has last trumphed over confrontation. Decades old dispute over the sharing of the cauvery rever water between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka appeared to have been almost resolved in two days on August 6 and 7, when priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee held discussions with the chiefministers of Tamil Nadu Karnataka, Kerala and Pondhichery. The August 7 agreement seemed to satisfy both the main contenders, Tamil Nadu and karnataka if one by the initial reactions. In ttie case of the cauvery conciliation trumpted over confrontation. A key advisor to Kamnanidhi on the cauvery issue, Guhan was of the opinion that the cauvery systems in the world and there was little surplus water available from it. He believed that all river water disputes were amenable to solution if there was the will for conciliation.

48 45. NAGARAJ (B.S.)- Cauvery : Rain Saves the day for Vajpayee. Indian Express. 67, 324; 1999, September, 29; 1. Rains saved the day for priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee who put off tomorrow is meeting of the Cauvery River Authority after karnataka Chief Minister J.H. Patel said he could not attend it because of his indisposition. Tanil Nadu seemed releived that parts of the catchment areas in th state and in Karnataka had received rains which led to a five-fold size in the water level in Mettur dam. The Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee also did a good turn to Patel whose refusal to release water immediately was with an ege on the polling for five assembly seats on October 3. The Tamil Nadu Chief Minister also wests to Vajpayee asking him to persuade karnataka to realease some water. The three member experts team led by water resources secretary. Z. Hasan which visit the two states for an on the spot assessment of the availability and needs of water in the two state will submit its report to the priminister tomorrow.

46. CALMING THE water. Economic and Political Weekly. 33, 33; 1998, August 15-22; 2205. The author express his view that the central of BJP government counsil was able, after all, to present the supreme court with a draft scheme on cauvery waters acceptable to all the basin states cannot but be regarded as a triumph of Atal Behari Vajpayee's skills of persuasion. The agreement at some point between Karnataka and Tamil

49 Nadu and various committees proposal under the cauvery river authority. However for the BJP led government at the centre this success paves the way for the resolution of other river desputes, such as that over the Sutlej - Yamuna link between Punjab and Haryana, both currently governed by parties foundly to the BJP. Also river waters policy to provide the framework for settlement of inter-state water dispute promised in the BJP manifests might well take concrete shape.

47. THOMAS (K.M.). Trick or Treat. India Today. 23, 34; 1998, August, 24; 20-22. The article deals with the cauvery agreement that gave the AIADMK chief yet another excuse to bring Vajpayee's Government perilously close to a down fall. When Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee negotiated an agreement with the chief minister of Tamil nadu, Karnataka and Pondichery over the sharing of cauvery waters. Add chiefminister M. Karunanidhi. "This is a victory for the people of the four states. It was thanks to this triumph that the BJP led Goviernment came perilosly close to being deprived of a majority. During the latest cauvery crises the was distinctly unenthasiastic. Jayalalitha saw the cauvery settlement as a victory for Karunanidhi. Despite advise from BJP hard lines who felt that the cauvery issue was the most appropriate occasion for the Government to call he bluff and play martyr, Vajpayee wanted to offer Jayalalitha an opportunity to saveforce. Both the BJP and the AIADMK were not ready with an alternative scheme to save the government.

50 48. —-, -—, CIVILIAN-PRISONERS. AMIT BARUAH. India, Pakistan to exchange Civilian Prisoners Today. The Hindu. 122, 68; 1999, March 22; 1. The article deals with Indian Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee and Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's exchange of civilian prisoners at the wagah border tomorrow. While India well hand over 43 prisoners to Pakistan. Islamabad will realiease 15 Indian detenus. The Prminister of both countries have agreed to facilitate more contact between the separated families and prisoners and for this purpose the procedure of interview prisoners is being simplefied. In a joint statement issue on March 6, Indian and Pakistani officials had agreed to release specified civilian prisoners in three weeks while the fishermen and their boats were to be freed in month.

49. -—, —-, COALITION. PALSHIKAR (Suhas). Manipulative politics continues. Economic and Political Weekly. 34, 13; 1999, March, 27; 743. The author had expected that through the present ruling alliance of the Shiv Sena and BJP had not endeavour itself to the electorate section of the traditional moratha following of the congress which are not preparred to accommodate the details or the OBCs have become vulnerable to the appeals from the Shiv Sena and BJP. The Shiv Sena - BJP victory was a combination of many factors. In such a scenario, the task before the congress

51 leadership would be to disintegrate the mythical maratha vote and to seek build new alliance of the poor maratha with other non maratha castes including the delites. The will virtually mean writing a fresh text on the politics of the state.

50. .—, .—, .—, AGENDA. SHAMEEM FAIZEE . BJP Stammers out an Agenda for Governance. New Age. 46, 12; 1998, March, 22-28; 1. Despite all our efforts to win over the post poll allies to Cobble up a majority by jettisoning several prepoll allies and winning over individuals and small groups by all sorts of inducement, Atal Behari Vajpayee has to be content to be sworn in as priminister of a majority coalition of about one and a half dozen parties and groups. He took over office alongwith 43 others and 22 cabinet ministers and equal number as minister of states. BJP Apart from Vajpayee and Advani, Dr. Murii Manohar Joshi and Jaswant Singh have also authanticated the document.

51. KAPOOR (Sanjay). Priminister Sick, but government is sicker. Blitz. 58, 32; 1998, August, 8; 1. Fuelled by rumours about the health of priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee, moves to pull down the BJP-led coalition government have begun In right earnest. The Vajpayee still talks of peace some of his colleagues in government seem to be pursuing a different agenda. The BJP's failure to push its candidate for the post of deputy speakership of the

52 Lok Sabha has also shown that it is no longer confident of proving its majority. Only time will tell whether its confidence in its ability to govern India has been eroded for good.

52. .—, —, —., AGREEMENT. KIDWAI (Ansar). Kicking up a Row. Nation and the World. 8, 159; 1998, June, 1; 14. Author discuss his views about Home Minister and BJP ideologue L.K. Advani has raised a stormby insisting on review of the constitution and advocating the presidential system of governance. Atal Behari Vajpayee spoke more liked priminister than a party luminary; on the other hand the out going party. Cheif L.K. Advani's Utterances were marked by political rhetoric in his dual role as a party ideologue as well as the home minister of the BJP led coalition. Vajpayee's emphasis was on strengthening, evenexpanding, the present coalition arrangement. BJP leadership has been at pains to make it clear that the national agenda is a compact of compromise to ensure to survival of the coalition arrangement else their original stand on the construction of the temple at Ayodhya. The issue as of course arguable both its pros and cons but the timing of Advani's advocacy has tarred it with a deeply political colour.

53. —-, —-, —., COMMUNALISM, PROMOTION. NAYAR (Kuldip) 100 Days of BJP Led Government. Radiance. 33, 26; 1998, June, 28; 8.

53 The BJP led government completed its 100 days in office. The BJP wants India to be right wining milliant states. It has pushed the country to a different direction, from peace to aggressiveness from conciliation to confrontation. The Bhartiya Janata Party led coalition is conniving at efforts to commualise the atmosphere. The communalism has increased since the advent of Vajpayee's government. The Vishwa Hindu Parishad, a member of RSS Parivar, is openly talking about the Hindu Raj. The debate in parliament should that the BJP was not varried. Over jingoistic attitudes. At a time when the party shohid be wooing people for consenius it is raising issue which will further divide the nation.

54. —-, -—, -—, CONTRADICTION. NAYAR (Kuldip). Controdiction at the Centre. Nation and the World. 8, 162; 1998, July, 16; 40-42. The author expresses, his views about the best thing being probably to let the BJP led coalition fall under the burden of its own contradictions. Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee is the person who should cabinet but the tells openly that he has left proactive policy in the hands of Home Minister L.K. Advani and the military. In the coalition led by the BJP, there are 13 odd parties. The proactive policy would have been finalised in consulting with them. The AIADMK chief Jayalalitha has even spoken communalis which has raised its head once again because of determined stand by the BJP and the VHP to construct a

54 Ram temple at the place where the Babri Masjid stood before demolition. The differences between Vajpayee and Advani on governance are too evident to be missed. And everyone knows who wields real power. One way to interpret him is that he has admitted the coalition failure. The even negatively, the BJP allies stay in power.

55. .—, —., —-, DISAGREE, MANDIR-MASJID ISSUE. SHAMEEM FAIZEE . Prime Minister Double Speak on the temple issue. New Age. 46, 24; 1998, June, 14-20; 1. The article indicates this is perfectly in tune with policy of double speak in which the BJP leadership has acquired mastery. After four days of rumpus in both the houses of parliament over the construction activities for a temple to be built at the site where Babri Masjid Stood in Ayodhya, the Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee has declared that his government will abide by the court verdict and will not allow violation of the court order in the meanwhile. Beyond that the priminister is not ready to commit anything. On the contarary he reminded the Rajya Sabha that his parity is commited to building the temple at Ayodhya and there is no question of retreating from it. He claimed that the issue has been kept in abeyance as other partners in his ruling coalition do not agree with BJP on this issue.

56. —-, —-, -—, ECONOMY, KICK START. BHARAT (Ahluwalia). No Thank your for the Priminister. Outlook. 4, 44, 1998, November, 9; 50.

55 Vajpayee seems to be trying his level best but it is not enough in the gloom doom scanario. Business confidence indices touch all time lows. All indicators of an inert coalition government. The government is doing nothing to push big infrastructure projects which could kickstart the economy. At priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee's first interaction with industry at the CII's annual general meeting in April he made 10 pronouncements. Vajpayee announced his intention to go through with some new initiatives buyback of shares increasing the creeping acquisition limit for promoters and the annual general meeting of FICCI that he got them cleared by the cabinet within two days. Unfortunately for Vajpayee while business had long been clamouring for these concessions reactions was like warm. Clearly Vajpayee's learning the hard way reality does not matter perception does.

57. —-, —-, —, PERFORMANCE. KIDWAI (Ansar). BJP performance you're being watched. Nation and the World. 8. 164; 1998, Aug., 16; 14. The Bass has been watching and this came in to the open at a recent meeting of the BJP priminister's called by the RSS top brass to give them a low down on good governance and discipline. RSS Chief Rajendra Singh who presided gaved piece of his mind to the BJP's top notchers in the government, the thrust of the advice being on the need to drastically toning up their functioning in line with the poll promises. The leading partner of the coalition owes

56 the major responsibility and accountability for the government functiokning. The rising prices and overall economic failure compounded by a spate of strikes in the essential sectors and the deteriorating law and order situation have further added to the woes of the beleaguered outfit headed by the BJP. Much of such problems stem from the difficult allies-Jayalalitha perpatually and other like Samata, the Akalidal and Trinamul COngress sporadically. This would require developing a coalition culture based on common interests and minimum ideological affinity. In a substantial sense stability and good governance would go hand in hand.

58. —, —, —, POLITICS. WITHIN. A month BJP bares Itself. New Age. 46, 16; 1998, April, 19-25; 1. The article deals with the fact that a month's time BJP led coalition government has shown clearly that it is neither a stable government nor wants to carry for ward the traditions of coalition politics. Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee has said so in so many words. While addressing the concluding session of the BJP's national executive, Vajpayee exhorted the party workers to work for establishing the single party rule of the party. He said that the present coalition is a temporary phase and cannot be carried for long.

57 59. BHARADWAJ (Brij). New Twist in Coalition Politics. Nation and the World. 8, 175; 1999, Feb., 1; 25. The article deals with the coalition partners of the BJP, also facing inner convulsions. The Samata Party which is the mianstay of the BJP in Bihar with its leader like George Fernandes acting as trouble shooters for the priminister are facing rought times. The Samata Party has recieved notice on their leaders calling upon them either to resign or change the government policy on controversial issues like insurance bill and patent bill. Parliamentary Affairs Minister madan Lai Khurana Committee a faux pas unfortunately at the instance of powerful Home Minister L.K. Advani who was not keen to push they that without them BJP will lose its identity are indications of growing of the suffsion brigade with Vajpayee or his policies. The Sangh Parivar is keen to seek votes in the name of Vajpayee. The coalitions have to work on the basis of their respective strength and not on the strength of power to black mail.

60. —-, —-, -—, PROBLEMS. VENKATESAN, V. Persisting worries. Frontline. 15, 19; 1998, September, 12-25; 26. The article deals with the BJP, continuously being plagued by problems inspite of the full in its conflicts with its coaliation partners at the centre. This could will turn out to be the calm before the storm, for both the BJP and its allies are playing the waiting game, unwilling to rock the boat at the present stage. The BJP managed to contain the

58 challenge from the AIADMK it faced a siege within. The Swadeshi Jagran Manch dubbed some of the centre's economic policies as antipeople. It is believed that Vajpayee's Critics in the party have succeeded in Sowing the seeds of conflict between him and the arises. The BJP's relation with its other allies at the centre are less than cordial.

61. .—, .—, .—, .—, STABILITY PLANK. ASGHAR (AM). The BJP and stability. New Age. 46, 13; 1998, April, 4; 5. The article states that the Indian democracy was passing through several chalenges and stability under such unstable conditions is not possible. The Lok Sabha elections are over and the BJP was to form the government in Delhi. The self styled party with a difference could not make it to the magic number of 272 even with the support of its prepoll allience. it is having problems with its allies, some are dictating terms. The BJP campaigned on the stability plank but political stability for such a disparate allience is anything but assured.

62. -—, —-, —-, SELF DECEPTION. FAIZEE (Shameem). BJP's self deception. New Age. 46, 35; 1998, August 30; 1. The article indicates the self deception which has taken over the BJP leadership since it assumed power at the centre and its constant efforts to divert the people's

59 attention from its continuing failures and follies on almost all front. On almost all fronts it appeared to be apologetic for the failure of the government. By skirting the discussion on the continuing war inside the ruling coalition and launching an attack on opposion that its "ganging up" to dislodge the BJP led coalition from the power, the BJP National executive at Jaipur has attempt to gloss over the administration. It has attempted to pass the back on past rulers for all the sense it has committeed during its five month rule. The self contradiction and self deception is more vivid in the political resolution. The fact is that the directionless and unstable government of Atal behari Vajpayee has pavalysed the whole administration.

63. -—, —-, —-, SURVIVAL. SUKUMAR (Muralidharan). A Coalition on hold. Frontline. 15, 18; 1998, August, 11; 9. The article deals with fact that despite the serious straints in the BJP led coalition, the Vajpayee government has survived solely because of the inability of the opposion to put together an alternative dispensation. Between his effort to sort out the cauvery water sharing dispute involving four socithern states and a supposedly routine bureaucratic rashuffle at the centre, last for night it seemed that priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee had arrived perilously close to the final break. The Atal Behari Vajpayee and his cricle of political confidants have seemingly had little time to attend to the pressing taks of governance. The DMK is

60 almost certain to sign up as a member of the BJP led coalition should Jayalalitha decide to part ways with it. Finally, it is this negative assurance that there is no alternative, an ironic represe of the claims of dynastic legitimacy in the congress that alone sustains the Vajpayee Government.

64. MUKERJI (Debashish). Wobbly winner. The Week. 16, 15; 1998, March, 29; 32-34. The article Indicates that the length of the tenure of the Vajpayee government will be determined by its allies. Top on the agenda of the new government is its own survival. Contentious issues will be jettisoned but not Swadeshi. Immediate on the BJP's agenda in the next session are passing the Lok Pal bill to contain corruption, pushing through the bill reserving 33 percent legislative seats for woman and electoral reforms. In the first flush of victory as Vajpayee takes charge, unpleasant realities have been burred. How long they will take to resurface is anybody gueses.

65. —-, —-, —-, SUSTAINED. NAYAR (Kuldip). BJP's some soult on Bhandari beats all norms. Radiance. 34, 9; 1999, March, 14-20. The BJP's some soult on Bihar governor Sunder Singh Bhandari beats all norms. Home Minister L.K. Advani was justified in announcing that can a political governor be replacing Bhandari who repeatedly said even in office that

61 he was an RSS man. But then how could the Bhartiya Janata Party refuse the fate of RSS which ultimately controls the party. That L.K. Advani had to eat humble pie is not so bad as is the unquestionable rule of an RSS man over Bihar. The Bhartiya Janata Party has introduced the phrase to the civilian lexicon by sustaining the coalition it heads.

66. -—, —-, COMPROMISE. NAYAR (Kuldip). BJP Looking for New Supporters. Radiance. 33, 18; 1998, May, 3-9; 8. Home Minister L.K. Advani, Human Resources Minister Murii Manohar Joshi and the state Education Minister Uma Bharti have been Charge-sheeted in the Babri Masjid demolition case. Jayalalitha did not name then but was clear to every body, that she meant all the three. The BJP had only two options. Either the party comes clean or make compromise. The BJP has been sucked in to vicious circles of power. Some defence has been offered on their behalf that the three are not involved in the corruption cases. They have been accused of complicity in the destruction of a structure that represented India's pluralistic society its composite culture. And how can anyone forget the enormity of Hindu-Muslim riots in the wake of Babri Masjid's destructions. Already Vajpayee government looks too compromising, too minity-priminy, too willing to leave out.

62 67. —-, —-, CONCENCES, ISSUES. NAYAR (Kuldip). Lack of Experience, Ideas Hounds BJP. Radiance. 33, 39; 1998, October, 3; 9. Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee said candidly when I asked him to go over the 200 days of his government 14 office and point out its achievements. The cauvery water agreement people have welcomed it, infact every one. He would like to sort out some other pending issues like Kashmir and the northeast. I pointed out to Vajpayee that the fault of his government was that it did not contact the opposition to achieve a consensus on important matters, some thing that the previous government were doing. Reminded of the Babri Masjid Vajpayee said that he wanted the matter to be settled through the court we have again approached the judiciary to decide the matter quickly. At one stage we had persuaded even the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) he said. Mr. Vajpayee helpless in dealing with various knotty issues confronting the country.

68. —, —, COOPERATION, INDO-SINO MEETING, FICCI. MALHOTRA (Inder). Regional Cooperation. Sunday. 25, 49; 1998, December, 13-19; 28. The author expresses his view about India's need to have a balanced relation with China and Japan. Without balanced and broadly cooperative relation among these three giants of Asia neither the security and stability of the continent can be assured nor will the 21st be the Asian Century, as it would be all laws of logic be. China and

63 Japan harbour deepest but to tally unstated suspicions and reservation about each other. China's an"ger was fuelled by Atal Behari Vajpayee unfortunate letter to Bill Clinton Citing China as the main reason for this country going overtly nuclear. A high power deligation of the Japan Business Council, in Delhi for a FICCI meeting, called on the Priminister and two governments have more or less finalised a programme of official exchanges at a high level which might begin in January with the two foreign secretaries meeting in Tokyo. There is eagerness on both sides to return to business as usual.

69. .—, -—, CRISIS, TELECOM. KAPOOR (Sanjay). Telecom : The mess continuous. Sundav.26. 32; 1999, August, 8-14; 38-40. The author expresses his views about the telecom crisis really of the Vajpayee governments making. Pramod Mahajan announced a cabinet decision on 6 June to replace the earlier license freebased regime with a new revenue sharing arrangment was preparing a "multi crore bail out plan for cellular operators for a hefty consideration. The net out come of this aggressive lobbying is that president K.R. narayanan, Election Commission and now the courts have all intervened. Vajpayee has denied any financial mal fearsance in the telecom deal. A pragmatist he would be the last person to rule out the play of bribes in international deal. Unfazed he has chosen to go ahead in the hope that in the coming elections, his personal

64 credibility and integrity would help him ride the telecom storm.

70. —, .—, CORRUPTION CHARGES. NAYAR (Kuldip). Vajpayee : Means to End. Mainstream. 16, 16; 1999, April, 11; 11. The article indicate that the Bharatiya Janata Party has learnt it the hard way. Jayalalitha, Chautala and Buta Singh name anyone with curruption charges, they had jumped in to the party bandwagon. The formation of the cabinet indicates all that. The BJP realises it shaky position. BJP has no easy choice. Nor can it review the contentious issues like the Ramtemple, special status to Jammu and Kashmir and Common Civil Code. The thins will not come to head so long as a liberal person like Vajpayee is the Priminister. He has the knack of giving the impression of being everythings to everybody. He excides concilation. It is an open secret that Vajpayee is only a means to an end, not the end by itself. Strange, Vajpayee does not realise it.

71. MUKHERJI (Debashish). From Crisis to Crisis. The Week. 16, 20; 1998, May 3; 32-36. The author expresses his views that the Jayalalitha's one point private agenda, of dismissal of the DMK government in Tamil Nadu, has left the BJP led coalition government tottering on the brink. One month into governance has shattered all the BJP's pretensions : its

65 coalition seems to have more currupt people and appears evenless stable thank the UF's even did. Jayalalitha has chosen her targets fortitiously. JethmalanI (extreme riht) has no support pase of any sort and owes his ministership solely to his proximity to Vajpayee and Advani. If the actions of Jayalalitha, Hegde and Jethmalani are any indication, this is a tell order. Buta Singh mentioned not only Hegde and Jethmalani but also L.K. Advani, Murii Manohar Joshi and Uma Bharati all three chargesheeted for their alleged involvement in the Babri Masjid demolition.

72. —., .—, DEMOLITION, BABRI MASJID. MASUD (Iqbal). "Our" Separation with "Them". Nation and World. 8, 173; 1999, January, 1; 20. The author expresses his views about the fact is that for most Muslims, December 6, 1992 is not yestarday. I was the only one watching the telecast of the destruction of the Babri Masjid brick by brick, it is not sadomasochim which makes me recall that agonising hour, it is important that Muslims today should reveal there true feelings about this Karbala of so called modern India. Today the BJP leaders talk of 'Unfortunate happing of confision. Mr. Naqvl, BJP's Minister of State for informational broad casting has said in effect in a number of interview Muslims have forgotten the Masjid demolition. The recent reverses suffered by the BJP in the election in Delhi, Rajasthan and MP will possible be regarded as a late revenge for the demolition. There is no distiction between BJP and hardcore. But

66 Kalyain Singh is a cleaver, operating fascust. If he goes down, he will like samson, bring down the state with him.

73. ...., -..., DIALOGUE, INDO-PAK. AIYAR (Mani Shankar). The Thaw. Sunday. 26, 8; 1999, February 21; 43-49. The author deals with the two Priminister sho the imagination to move matters decisively forward. If they do new down could be breaking. The section of the Pakistan Press, representing hard line Pakistani opinion have been warning their readers to beware of Brahmins boarding buses. The future of the thaw, allegedly taking place in Indo-Pak relations, lies in Nawaz Sharif's hands particularly because his longerity in office is as assured as Vajpayee's is uncertain. The two Priminister's agree that even if the time is not ripe for a strategy is break through on Kashmir, a technical break through in pushing the dialogue as a constructive priority is. That can be easily achieved by restructuring the talks to fulfill the cardinal principal of making the dialogue "uninterrupted and uninterruptible".

74. CHOPRA (Subhash). Indo-Pak talks Charade Time for give and take. Nation and the World. 8, 172; 1998, December, 16; 44. The article deals with the talks between India and Pakistan have be came a routine affair with no concrete result in sight. To witness the umpteenth round charade of India-Pakistan talks. Both side realfirmed their commitment to the Indus Water Treaty of 1960, exchanged views and took note of the discussions on the subject from October 1987 to August 1992. The both side agree to continue talks the differences continued to faster around the definition of the project. The charade not with standing, the lively thing is that two sides held the final day of the talks to promote friendship and hold more talk. The bottom line of any solution to the Indo-Pak war of Worlds and Occasional bullets must be the realisation that there has to be some give and take. 75. ...., ...., , ...., AGREEMENT. MALHOTRA (Inder). Core issue. Sunday. 28, 32; 1998, August 9-15; 11. The article deal with Indo-Pak dialogue must be made more meaningful and complete. It is something of an achievement for Atal Behari Vajpayee and Nawaz Sharif to have agreed on the resumption of the ruptured dialogue in Colombo. Indian and Pakistan have now to be have with the sense of responsibility enjoind upon them by the possession of duly declared nuclear weapons. Even dead lock over other issues, confidence building measures, accident, misunderstanding or misjudgment, have to be put in place. As for Kashmir both sides have or got to recognise that both of them are man absolute bind. A cooling off is a must for useful talks on Kashmir but by a cruel twist of irony, no one seems in a mood to allow the Kashmir situation to cool down.

68 76. —-, -—, , —-, COLOMBO. BAWEJAA (Harinder) . Breakdown. Indiatoday. 23, 32; 1998, August, 10; 60-64. The article indicates that Atal Behari Vajpayee and Nawaz Sharif failed to get the Indo-Pakistan dialogue moving in Colombo. Both sides accused the other of intransigence over Kashmir. India now faces a major challenge in councing the would that tensions will not get out of hand. The 10th South Asian Association regional Cooperation (SAARC) summit was being held under the broad shadow of the highly billed Vajpayee and Sharif talks. There were greate expectations internationally. Pakistan declares talks are a waste of time and the Vajpayee and Sharif dialogue adds upto zero.

77. —-, —, , PRIME MINISTER, INDO-PAK. PHILIPOSE (Pamela). Two Prime Ministers give friendship a chance. Indian Express. 66, 107; 1999, February, 22; 1. The article deals with both the Prime Minister agreeing to reasolve all issue including Kashmir. The most substantial gains of Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee visit to Lahore seems to have been in the area of augmenting confidence building (CBMs) between the two countries to prevent a possible nuclear war Vajpayee and Sharif had two rounds of one to one talks within a duration of 24 hours. The hope of a no war declaration that many had hoped would emerge from these current negotiations was belied, in a Memorandum of Understanding signed between the foreign

69 secretaries of India and Pakistan both nation agreed to provide each other with advance notification in respect of ballistic missle flight test. The both nation will undertake national measures to reduce the risk use of nuclear weapons under their respective control. The two leaders to agree to meet periodically to discuss all issues of mutual concern, including nuclear-related issues.

78. .—, —., , PRIME MINISTER, VAJPAYEE (A.B.) - SHARIF (Nawaz). NAYAR (K.P.). Colombo Diary. Sunday. 25, 33; 1998. August, 16-27; 15. Indian media management put Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif on the defensive and upset his applicant at the SAARC Summit. After meeting the Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee Unitaterally announced that the two sides had agreed on the resumption of talks. On the eve of the Vajpayee - Sharif Summit, the Pakistani's were certain that they could performed a hat-tuck in Colombo. They believed they could repeat Male and New York with ease. The Sharif had hoped to make his proposal for a peace, security and development initiative in Colombo the half mark of the Vajpayee-Sharif meeting. Vajpayee's announcement about the resumption of dialogue made Sharif's initiative a damp squeb. For once the policy makers and media managers undersrtood each other and acted in concert to bring forth results.

70 79. BAWEJA (Harinder) . Dead Lock. India Today. 23, 31; 1998, August, 3; 46-49. In this article indicates that the meeting between the Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee and Nawaz Sharif at the SAARC Summit in Colombo is likely to be market by mutal suspicious and a hardening of political stands. While India is willing to discuss Kashmir as part of the composite subjects, Pakistan is itching to prove that talks without third party mediation are doomed.

80. —-, —-, DISMISSAL BHAGWAT (Vishnu). KUNJU (N). In Murky Waters. Alive; May, 1999, 199; 1999, May; 102. The article deal with the Bhagwat issue has rocked the boat of the JBP led coalition with both Fernandes and Bhagwat trading charges. Is it merely a clash of egos or the machination of the powerful arms lobby. The dismissal of the chief of the Naval Staff, Vishnu Bhagwat, has split the community of politician, retired generals, the media and of cource, the serving armed forces officers in to pro and anti Bhagwat camps.

81. ANEJA (AtuI). New twist to Bhagwat issue. The Hindu. 122, 68; 1999, March, 22; 1. The author express hisview that the defence minister and the former Navy Chief Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat, continue to be at logger heads over the issue of an Annual Confidential Report (ACR) of a navel officer, disclosures of

71 an internal meeting of the Navy in whicii his issue among others was discussed has added to the confusion. The committee asserted that the naval head quarters had not reported any Irregularity commited by ex CNS (Admiral Bhagwat) to the Minister of defence. The legal implications of the case are also being examined, it added. The board also examined other allegations of suspected tampering of the ACRs of other top officers by Admiral Bhagwat - After examining the merits of each petition the board concluded that the review done by ex CNS are as per regulations and that no malafide intensions in any of these cases could be established". The board acknowledged that the formar navel chief reviewed the ACRs of officers of various branches and ranks but only as per regislations" and as part of his responsibilities.

82. SAURABH KATAIL. A Sacking Saga. Sunday. 26, 8; 1999, February, 27; 6. The article deals with the for giving of and an indepth analyses of sacking of chief of Navel Staff (Vishnu Bhagwat). It is said that the Prime Minister Vajpayee and the defence minister did not divulge the facts of the sacking sega. the reason cited, that Bhagwat posed a security threat seems a bit vagie. As defence minister George Fernandes must reveal the facts leading to Bhagwat's dismissal. The Bhagwat appointment too was shrouded in mystery. The Bhagwat's meeting his nemeses at the hands of the bureaucracy is not surprising. The Indian

72 Soldiers have to suffer at the hand of the government babus while the president being the supreme commonder of the armed forces had been relegated to the background. 83. AIYAR (Mani Shankar). A Bhagwat Primer. Sunday. 26, 15; 1999, April, 11-17; 8-10. The author expresses his view that George Farnandes in a jam. He thought he would get away with invocation of the doctrinal mantora of the subordination of the military to the civil authority and held his dark doings behind the veil of national security and thush hush brouhaha Vajpayee catch phrase Admiral Bhagwat made it to the top of the naval forces. Bhagwat in this affi-davit informed to Raksha Mantri at a briefing in part blair in May that these arms were meant for rebels in the North East and had these arms and ammunition not been apprehanded, these weould have been sufficient to tie up one whole division of the armed forces, for a period of about one year Bhagwat records how every institutional norm was blantautly transgressed to push in the sky post of Deputy Chief of Navel Staff an officers whose camulative record of outstanding grading's stretched over all of 16 month of a career spanning wellover threg decades. Bhagwat affirms to be one of the most serious security risk in the country.

84. NAJMI (Quaied). Foreign hand. The Week. 17, 7; 1999, April, 11; 36. Former Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat, while reluctant to speak about his dismissal matter pending

73 before parliaments speaks out his mind on the arms dealers mafia operating in the country. Bhagwat added that after the pokharan tests last year, the government had said that it was important to safe guard various sensitive installations in the country. Bhagwat further says that the nexus between big arms dealers and their middle men or agents and foreign intelligence agencies and its implications on the internal security of the L.K. Advani on December 1998 during meeting at the latters office in parliament house. Advani had advised Bhagwat to meet president K.R. Narayanan.

85. VIR (Sanghvi). Avenger and Admiral. Sunday. 26, 15; 1999, April, 11-15; 17-21. The author expresses his views that they key to understanding the Fernandes Bhagwat despute lies in understanding George Fernandes himself. All the issue that arose because of dismissal of Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat the most puzzling question in this is how is it that Fernandes perceived by the armed forces as the soldiers friend, as the best defence minister in living memory has suddenly become the enemy of the Navy, the symbol of political interference in the armed forces. As puzzling is the list of misdemeanours that led to Bhagwat's sacking. Talk of national security of defiance of civilian authority, why Bhagwat was sacked but how he was appointed in the first place. The thing to remember about thecurrent dispute is that both men see it through the prism of their own

74 experiences. Bhagwat sees himself fighting some politician who is trying to interfere with his job. George Fernandes sees Bhagwat as a vindictive and unfair boss. The Fernandes-Bhagwat story follows a smilar plotline.

86. PRASANNAN (R). Nailing of minister. The Week. 17, 17; 1999, April, 7; 41. Bhagwat's Charges offer Fernandes no easy escape. There are two options: reinstate Vishnu Bhagwat or remove Fernandis from the defence ministry. It sacked. Bhagwat without stating reasons and later explained that he had been a security risk. It was on the Adamans issue that Bhagwat nailed Fernandes. In February 1998 the navy, the army and the coast guard launched an operation in the Adamans following intelligence alerts. They captured a large quantity of arms, arrest 73 persons and shot 6 in the operation. These operations are only straigh tening the Bhagwat case. Naval headquarters maintains that it has no authority to challenge anyship in international water. But Bhagwat's contenses which the ministry does not deny is that his antiarms smuggling operations were within the exclusive economi zone. Such actions can hit the moral of the forces. Incidentally the number of naval officers who saught premature retirement last year was the largest in the last 10 years. As many as 192 officers sought to leave against 134 in 1997 and 105 in 1996.

75 87. —-, —., —-, CORRUPTION CHARGES. CHENGAPPA (Raj). Trading charges. India today. 14, 12; 1999, March, 22; 53-55. The author had expected that the slanging match intensifying and the opposition trying to make capital out of it in parliament, the storm over the dismissal of the Navy Chief relusses to subside. The union defence minister knew that format chief of naval staff Vishnu Bhagwat would not as retired soldier normally do. The Bhagwat Summarily desmissal nine month before his term a naval chief was. to expire. As the opposition trained its guns on Fernandes even levelling serious charges of curruption and malafide intent, priminister Vajpayee personally intervenued to take some of the heat off his favorite trouble shooter. Bhagwat claims that he had proof to substantiate his charges. The final out come Bhagwat is right about one thing. The issue is not likely to fade away in a hurry.

88. —, -—, —-, NATIONAL SECURITY. RAMDAS (L). Navy, Nation and National Security. Frontline. 16, 2; 1999, January,' 16-29; 17-20. The dismissal of Admiral Bhagwat has brought into focus fundamental questions of unequal power relation, weak structures and unprofessional leadership obtaining within the civilmilitary complex and the democratic set up. The BJP Government to dismiss Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat as the Chief of the Naval Staff was sudden and extraordinary. Defence minister George Fernandes and the ministry of Defence

76 anounced on 6 January their intention. If would almost appear that Bhagwat has been made a kind of scapegoat and sacrificed at the altar of the power play that has gone unchecked for too long. Two related aspects of the current situation created by the decission dismiss Admiral Bhagwat need to be addressed : namely giving creadence and tacit encouragement to demands for promotions, appointments and transfer made by serving officers on political and/or communal grounds. Making accusations that relate to national security concern is a serious matter and justice demands that Bhagwat be provided an opportunity to defend himself one can only hope that good sense will prevent that some form of inquiry will be instituted, and that the sacrifice made by Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat will not be in vain.

89. -—, —-, ECONOMIC CRISES. GHOSH (Jayat). The Economic effects of the BJP. Frontline. 16; 10; 1999, May, 21; 100. During its 13-month term in office, the BJP led government has managed to make a bad situation substantially worse and has even has tend the processes that are leading the country to Its next economic crisis. This could even be suggested that the BJP led government in herited an economic that was already in a fragele condition, with an accentuated sectoral and regional imbalance, unsustainable patterns of economic growth, more unequal Income distribution. The two most important

77 economic effects of the BJP's rule have probably been the dramatic increase in food prices and the dwindling of productive employment opportunities. Specially, the issue of the high and rising price of food items-especially vegetable (onion) and other essential items such as edible oil and salt. The economy does remain a major issue. And it's one which is for broader in its implication than the way it is currently projected in the media in terms of getting the budget quickly passed, meeting the international obligations made in amend for pokhran, or keeping he stock market satisfied. The economy is probably the aspect of the BJP's rule which has been most negative for most of the electorate.

90. .—, .—, ECONOMIC GROWTH, INVESTMENT. VAJPAYEE (Atal Behari). Need for Rejuvenating the Economic. Yojana. 43, 4; 1999, April; 4. The author express his views that they need greater fiscal discipline and responsibility, both the centre and in state. So that public sector investment is not Jeopardized. It will also help the private sector to perform its due role in the many difficult task it has to perform to achieve our target of seven percent economic growth in the next three years. It will facilitate greater inflow of foreign direct investment, which are need in many critical areas. Scarcity of public resources means inadequate investment in roads, railways, power generation etc. which are vital for a strong economy. The biggest loser will be the poor, the weakest,

78 the under privileged in whose name many of the existing populists policies are often justified.

91. ...., ...., ELECTION PLANK. TEWARI, (Pradeep). Bardhan Appeals secular parties to unit to defeat BJP. New age. 47, 29; 1999, July, 24; 14. The author discusses that while talking to the media persons here after two day meeting of the UP State Council, A.B. Bardhan, general secretary of CPI criticised the BJP and RSS for communalising the entire country was united against the Pakistan sponsored armed intression. He assailed the BJP president for his repeated utterances to make the kargel an election plank. The BJP is trying to gain political mileage even as our jawans are laying down their lives to drive away the foreign intruders he changed. Chief minister declaring that the Ayodhya temple issue would be the major electral plank of the BJP in the state.

92. NOORANI (A.G.). The BJP's projects. Frontline. 15, 14; 1998, July, 17; 108. The article indicate that is eyes were set firmly on the temple project, the BJP plans to go to the electorate on the planks of the Bomb and Ayodhya, it is up to the opposition to show that there is an alternative. The Sang Parivars frenetic drive to build a Ram temple at Ayodhya regardless of the judiciary and the law has justifiably

79 aroused national concern. The BJP and its allies in Government the force of the so called "National Agenta" as distinct from the BJP's manifesto and the party inherent in capacity for moderation. By December 1997 the BJP was deeply mired in realpolities. The party's National Executive which met on December 19 did not refer to Ayodhya. But the Next da Atal Behari Vajpayee said that a Ram temple would be built by legislation. The BJP plans to go to the electorate on the planks of the bomb and Ayodhya. The alternatives is to let Vajpayee conduct his election campaign with all advantage and facilities of a priminister office.

93. ...., -..., EXPANTION, CABINET. SHUKLA (Rajiv). Expansion Slots. Sunday. 25, 30; 1998, July, 26; 17. The article deals with Vajpayee being under pressure his party to expound the cabinet earlier but he deliberately avoided it fearing problems to the government during the session. Prime minister Atal Behari Vajpayee favour of buying time inorder to check dissidencew in the parliamentary party. He still want to a leave a dozen slots for the Telugu Desam Party and those who may joint from other party. The two persons from the AIADMK will come as replacements while one more will be inducted as a minister of state. Chautala is also trying to make his nominee the deputy speaker of the Lok Sabha. Even as the priminister belongs to UP his party is in favour of giving more representation to that state. The Kalyan Singh Camps

80 has suggested that state party Chief Raj Nath Singh be made a central minister and be nominated state unit president againt. The leadership, however has not committed any thing. 94. ...., ...., FAILURE, KARGIL ISSUE. SWAHI (Praveen). The Bungle in Kargil. New Age. 47, 26; 1999, July, 3; 3. The article deals with the crisis in Kargil has its origins in the Bharatiya Janata Party led government's failure to comprehend the strategic consequences of Pokhram-ll and its political blindness and failure to act an military intellegence warnings. The spring of 1998, saw the reinvention of George Fernandes as field Marshal. It has taking just over a year for field Marshall Fernandes and Bharatiya Janata Party-led coalition he represents to lead India to its most embarrassing military debacle since the war of 1962. The BJP led coalition was so desperate for the success of the Lahore process that it inductlonated itself with the belief that the wagah bus ride had been an unmixed triumph.

95. ...., —, FOREIGN POLICY, SECURITY. BJP's FOLLY in Politicising Security, Foreign Policy. New Aqe . 47, 26; 1999, July, 3; 7. The author express hisview that the Kargil misadventure of Pakistan threatens to be very costly for both countries in all respects havy cost in human and material resources as also in embittering political relation between India and

81 Pakistan. Thereby the gains at the popular level of recent friendly contacts after the Lahore Declaration may be all but wiped out. The Atal Behari Vajpayee was discussing peace at Lahore. Pakistan was preparing for war in Kargil.

96. —-, —-, HINDU-MUSLIM RIOTS. NAYAR (Kuldip). India is not the BJP. Nation and the World. 8, 160; 1998, June, 16; 14-16. This article indicates that the BJP is not India and India is not ust the BJP. The BJP has only 180 seats in the 543 member Lok Sabha, the lower house of parliament. Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee is considered a liberal who is opposed to Hindu fundamentalalism and war-like postures. But it appears he has no control over ministers like Advani. The very fact that Pramod Mahajan denies any difference between the priminister and the home minister. Confirms the- impression that the two do not see eye to eye. The BJP will rise above obscuranist views and give the country a secular not Hindu government. The 13 parties had given their support to Vajpayee, not Advani or other hardlines. Ashok Singhal, heading the parishad, has advocated the establishment of Hindu Raj in India and a war against Pakistan. Some responsible BJP leaders like Jaswant Singh Urge Pakistan to go nuclear they should realise they are playing with fire. The first remark made after the demolition of the Babri Masjid was that two nation theory was proved right underlining the Hindu and Muslims were two different nations. True India has not yet be come a truly secular country. True there are Hindu-Muslim riots.

82 97. .—, —-, HINDUTVA AGENDA. NAYAR (Kuldip). The Malady in Uttar Pradesh. Radiance. 31, 48; 1996, November, 9; 6-9. The Bharatiay Janata Party is not my cup of tea. Its communal politics has muddied waters of tolerance and accommodation in the country. The malady, in UP, Gujarat and elsewhere is that politics and power have got so inter tulined that even the realisation to keep them separate is not here. This is telling upon the system. What has been done in UP, India's one sixth in population, to keep the BJP out of power may push liberal elements, if not the party, in to the background. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the party's mentor, may bring back militant Hindus to the centre stage and revive the old agenda on the destruction of mosques, particularly in Mathura and VaranasI, which share the premises of two Hindu temples. Once again, the programme to formate communal troubles may be put into action.

98. .—, —., .—, GLIMPSE. VASFI (Ausaf Saied). A Glimpse of Hindutva at the centre. Radiance. 31, 11; 1996, Feb, 11; 6-9. The BJP- Shiva Sena led state government of Maharashtra has exploded three myths that an open enemy is better than the enemy passing as a friend, that the BJP and Shiv Sena are secular, egalitarian and believe in the much publicised justice for all and appraisement of none. Third Myth, this myth rather is the hypotheses that the

83 saffronites can provide an effective alternative to the plural polity of India. Barring the BJP and its natural allies each and every political party has critised the killing of the Srikrishna commission. It has inflicted deeper injury to the conscience of the nation than the calculated killings of innocent Muslims. The systematic dismantling of the minorities institutional structures in Maharashtra hinst at what sort of rules the saffronites may prove at the centre.

99. ...., ...., ..„, ICHR. MURALIDHARAN (Shukia). The Hindutva takeover of ICHR. Frontline. 15, 14; 1998, July, 17; 105-107. In this article hetakes the Hindus and Muslims of India hold separate views of their common history. The Hindu and mUslim view oftheir common history have defferent in the past.asthey do today and that is a cause of their separation in identity and action. The reconstitution of the Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR) giving positions of authority to three VHP luminaries betrays a deep political design on the part of the BJP led government. The Hindutva takeover of the ICHR comes at a time when the organisation is passing through a serious crisis. Cultural nationalism is the unique political platform of the BJP which few others share in the omnibus coalition it heads.

100. —-, —., —., POLITICS. PATHAK (Avijit). Not by opportunism. Mainstream. 26, 12; 1998, March, 14; 3.

84 The author of the article expectes that the BJP as it had been reportedly argued by the leftists and securists, is not just another rightist party. The fear is that it leads to the communalisation of Civil Society, it is determined to destroy the pluralistic ethos of Indian Society. Hindu religion with its symbols and resources becomes an important component of the BJP/RSS brand of Hindutva is exclusivist in nature. As the arguments go has to be seen not as some thing static, but as a dynamic process. The Bharatiya Janata Party politics as indicated was also a kind of culture politics. It had a cultural agenda. Unit India or the basis of the Hindu identity use religion to arouse political embition.

101 —, -—, HISTORICAL BUSJOURNEY-DELHI-LAHORE. GUHA (Seema). Vajpayee in Lahore on Historic visit. The Sunday Times.7. 10; 1999, February, 21; 1. Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee on Saturday made a historic bus journey to Pakistan, terming it a defining moment in South Asian history and saying both countries should make a new beginning putting a side the betterness of the past Mr. Vajpayee was received with a warm hug by his Pakistani Counter part Nawaz Sharif. I bring the good will of the people of India for peace and harmony with Pakistan, said Vajpayee. The two leaders to will held formal talks on Sunday in the first highest political level interection on Pakistani soil between the two sides after they resumed official level talks in October last year following the nuclear tests in May. Mr. Vajpayee along with Mr. Sharif later flew

85 by a helicopter to governor's house in Lahore where the Indian leader will be staying during his trip.

102. —, —, HYPOCRISY, PHYLOSOPHY, STRATEGIES. VASFI (S. Ausaf Saed). BJP Double-Taik, Double-Deal Under Sherpher Focus. Radiance. 33, 18; 1998, May, 3-9; 6-9. Uprightness, perhaps is not the strong point of our saffronite brethren. Probility does not appear to be in their gain. It is their good fortune that nobady charges them with catholicity, opines. Even foreigner feel they have two faces and frequently indulge in double thought, double talk and double deal. For a proof recall the well known. British diplomat's reaction to Mr. N. Govinda Charya's logic. It is probably for the removal of the impression of hypocrisy that over foreign missions abroad have been recently instricted to dispet misgiving about the philosophy and strategies of the BJP led government and its good father the RSS. That however is the fitness of things. The truth are not naive. The have every right to point themselves white.

103. —-, —-, IDEOLOGY, HINDUTVA. LAKDAWALA (M. Hanif). The BJP and its ideology onthe road to oblivion. Radiance. 32, 49; 1997, December 6; 9-11. The article indicates towards what prompted the BJP In pulling off its mask of morality? Even Atal Behari Vajpayee, its morality mascot, declared that what was done by Kalyan Singh in U.P. would be repeated in Delhi too. The lust for power, naked and brutal, made Vajpayee forget

86 his own promise. He swore on May, 28, 1996, we (the BJP) assure you, if power comes our way be breaking other parties, I will never want to touch such power even with a barge pole. BJP's Hindutva is being its relevance Hindu Rashtra, Slogan no more attracts the people in the changed scenario. Thus in the rise of BJP its ideology has no important place. In future BJP may not be lucky to get these benefits. BJP has become the party of contradiction. Its economic policy is in a mass. The counter the communal politics of the BJP the simple strategy is honesty, commitment and selfless service to the masses.

104. KIDWAI (Ansar). Vajpayee for governance, Not Politics. Nation and the World. 8, 175; 1999, February; 28. The author discusses his view that the Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee has asked several of his colleagues but he has no regrets for his performance. The Vajpayee government found itself at the receiving and for having given ago by to the Hindutva ideology, preferring power to principle, it all began with the formation of the Sangh Parivar in the aftermath of the Ayodhya agitation. The Vajpayee-Advani relationship is often likened to that of Nehru and Patel in the congress. This is no relavance and Advani is no Patel to Vajpayee's Nehru. Nehru was a socialist while Patel was pragmatic and right wing. Both Vajpayee and Advani had their political schooling with in RSS fold andtheir differences are nuance-based K. Thakre was present at the Nagpur conclave and was even a party

87 to the pejorative appraisal of Vajpayee's style of governance. Vajpayee found himself on a sufficiently safe ground to have gone on the offensive against his detractors at Bangalore. Thus the implications of Vajpayee winning the 'Banglore Round' can neither be over estimated nor under­ estimated.

105. —-, -—, INDO-PAK RELATION, BUS ERVICE, DELHI- LAHORE. SAGAR (S.G.). Will the bus move on. Alive. 1999, 198; 1999, April; 10-15. The article deal with the bus diplomacy has created a euphoria of sorts in Indo-Pak relation. But can the basic contensions issues between the 2 countries be sorted out through such dramatics. The bus diplomacy of the Indian priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee and his Pakistani counterpart Mian Nawaz Sharif has finally broken the ICC in the strained Indo-Pak relations, once and all, means overtaking history without taking into account the stark realities.

106. MAHAUTI (Subhodh). Prime Minister's Historic Visit to Pakistan. Employment News. 23, 48; 1999, March, 5; 1. This article indicates that the Prime Minister Atal Behrai Vajpayee paid a two day visit to Pakistan from February 20 to 21, 1999. The visit in which the Prime Minister travelled to Lahore via Wagah border in a bus, marks a historic break through in Indo-Pak relations and is

88 widely being seen as a big step forward in improving friendly ties between the two countries. The two priministers during their talks touched upon almost all issues of mutual concerned including that of Kashmir and also regional cooperation within SAARC countries to increase not only mutual trust and harmony but also broad base economic cooperation, by sharing one another's human resources as well as expertise in various fields. The diplomatic initiative by the priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee has been widely welcomed at home and abroad for it has once again demonstrated that India was prepared to go an expramile to improve its relation with Pakistan. The countries has open up a new vista of friendship and close relations between the people of India and Pakistan.

107. ----, ----, -—, ----, MUTUAL CONFIDENCE. NAYAR (Kuldip). Bus Diplomacy. Periodical Humanist. 63, 3; 1999, June; 11. The author discuss about the bus ride from wagah to the other side blanket the two countries with hope and confidence. The Nawaz-Vajpayee Summit was the stuff drams are made of. The feel good factor in Pakistan-India relations is a rarity and one is tempted to hang on to it as long as possible, if for noting else than to relish the exciting possibilities that it conjures. There are a host of factors which have the potential of punctuating the bus diplomacy which include domestic compulsions mutual mistrust, uncertainty, second thoughts, differing

89 interpretations and in the extreme case fall of the government. These factors were swept away in the background by the sentimental avalanche that accompanied Vajpayee, Pakistan Visit. We can assume that as per tradition peace between Pakistan and India is merely the period falling between two round of battle. In fact the Lahore Declaration should build mutual confidence. There is no need for a third party.

108. —-, —-, INTERNAL RIVALRY. KIDWAI (Praful). Hindutva and 'moth eaten' governance. Frontline. 16, 4; 1999, February, 13-26; 15-16. As the sordid drama of internal rivalry in the Sangh Parivar unfolds, it should be clear that Prime Minister Atal Behari Pajpayee is himself part of the force he complains about. The government is beleaguered by its own ideological mentors and organisational gate keepers. The RSS power and authority in the BJP comes prior to such minor details as elections or the politicl skills or merit of its nominees. It does not rest on internal democracy. The RSS has the last word in the BJP. It also has the first. What distunguishes Vajpayee from his brothers in the Sangh Parivar is not liberalism or secularism but that being in power the under stands the importance of damage control, and has been practising it, albeit ham-handedly. Ironically this has in many ways had the opposite effect. The BJP is being disingenusus, in addition to being disgustingly communal, in the anti-minorities compaign. The same seems true of the central government's future. The sooner it goes, the better.

90 109. .—, —-, INTRUDERS, KARGIL. RAJA (D). "After me the Deluge" says Vajpayee. New Age. 1999, July, 17; 1. Our army is fighting a heroic battle to recapture our own territory occupied by the intruders in Kargil. it has been paying tremendous price by shedding blood and laying down precious lives of our officers and soldiers not only to defend the borders in the extremely difficult mountainious terrains and adverse climate of the Kargil region but also for the failures and inept handling of the situation by the BJP led care taker government. The BJP led government at present in just a care taker government headed by Atal Behari Vajpayee.

110. —, —., KARGIL ISSUE. AGHA (Qamar). Crisis in Kargil. Nation and the World. 8, 185; 1999, July, 1; 38-39. The author discuss India has kep the peace option open. Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee had conveyed to Islamabad that the conflict in Kargil may be peacefully settled if Pakistan ends the instrusion and respects the line of control. The western nations, particularly united states, Britain and France had rejected the Pakistan moves to raise the Kashmir issue in United Nations and advised the Nawaz Sharif government to negotiate the dispute with India and sort out its problem before it gets out of control. The US is also putting pressure on Islamabad to improve its ties with India and that is possible only if Pakistan gives up its

91 support to separates elements in Kashmir and accept the status-qvo in Jammu and Kashmir. In both the cases it is going to face serious internal crisis.

111. KIDWAI (Anser). A Friendship Betrayed. Nation and the World. 8, 187; 1999, August, 1; 16. When bus diplomacy was initiated by Prime Minister Vajpayee come about and seemingly earned full reciprocity from his Pakistani counter part. The friendship bu rolled out from Delhi for Lahore in February this year, two months before the fall of the Vajpayee government. No body could have then envisaged that the coming months would unfold a sorded drama of bloodshed, horror and betrayal of the worst order from the neighbouring side. The events in Kargil caused an irreparable damage to the peace processes making the Shimla Agreement and Lahore Declaration, a dead letter.

112. —, —, —, INFILTRATORS. NAYAR (Kuldip). Who are the infiltrators? Nation and the World. 8, 185; 1999, July, 1; 30-31. There are no infiltrators; they are freedom fighters who are fighting for their right of self determination, this was Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's reply to Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee who told him that the infiltrators must vacate the territory they had occupied on the Indian side of the line of control (LOG). Yasin Malik and Shabir Shah the two popular young leaders were among the

92 freedom fight. They have realised that a peaceful expression of grievances is for more effective than violence. It had been proved beyond doubt that the Pakistan Soldiers crossed the LOG to fight, lead and help the infiltrators In the Kargil sector. At places the Pakistani force have been fighting without even dressing up as infiltrators. It means that the Pakistan forces had been fighting on the Indian side of kashmir. The statment by both sides that it is a war-like situation in ominous. The ray of hope is that the two Prime Ministers still talk about the Lahore Declaration, which exchews hostilities.

113. -—, —-, -—, STRATEGIES. SHARMA (Narendra). Kargil Adds to BJP's woes. New Age. 47, 24; 1999, June, 19; 13-14. The author discuss the differing perceptions about the likely role and place of the new party formed by the power Sangma trio in the national scene and the impact of Sonia Gandhi's foreign origin have already made it difficult for the BJP strategists to chalk out a coherent election strategy. The Kargil development have added to their owes, according to available indication. The BJP strategists are a more worried lot due to the Kargil imbroglio which has already taken the shine off the Prime Minister bus ride to Lahore. This is easier said than done, given the penchant of the BJP and its homew and defence ministers to trumpet their concepts of national security.

93 114. —., —-, LAHORE DECLARATION. JOSHI (Manoj). Peace Pledge. India Today. 14, 10; 1999, March, 8; 59. The article deals with reducing the risk of accidental nuclear holocaust was a key goal of the Lahore Summit. At first sight memorandum of understanding signed by Raghunath and Ahmad in Lahore on February 21, appears to be nothing more than a declaration of intent. Both the sides need to reduce the risk of nuclear war and eventually build a frameword of peace. Their commitment to discuss security concepts and nuclear doctrines couldlead to path breaking agreement on defence postures that do not threaten the other. There are simple explanations. Nawaz Sharif and Atal Behari Vajpayee created a diplomatic firestorm by crossing the nuclear threshold in May 1998. Their goad was preserving national security. Having achieved this, they now seem to be signalling that the time has come to get on with more urgent tasks of governing their poor and backward nations.

115. CHERIAN (John). Lahore and Beyond. Frontline. 16, 5; 1999, March, 12; 9-10. The author discusses about the various sections of opinion in Pakistan that are sceptical about the Nawaz Sharif-Atal Behari Vajpayee diplomatic initiative, but the general impression is that it is a step in the right direction. The Lahore declaration is an important step towards establishing good neighbourly relations. The Lahore

94 declaration talked in general terms with sides confining themselves to recognising that the nuclear dimensions of the security environment of the two countries adds to their responsibility for avoidance of conflict. The Vajpayee's visit has cuased a bit of political turmoil, Sharif has reason to be happy with Vajpayee's referene to Kashmir in his banquet speech and in the Lahore declaration. The once to fulfil the expectations giving rise to the people of the two countries is now onthe leadership of the two countries.

116. DHAR (M.K.). Death of Lahore Declaration. Nation and the World. 8, 185; 1999, July, 1; 32. The article deals with the political scene to warne Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee of the parils of alow himself to be troped by Nawazsharif in to Singing Lahore Declaratin as it was worded. The Lahore Declaration says: Recalling their agreement of 23rd September, 1998, that an enviornment of peace and security is in the supreme national interest of both sides and tha resolution of all outstanding issues including Janimu and Kashmir is essential for this purpose. Despete the havoc wrought to the defence forces by Farnandes antics, the Jowans were valeantly batted the intruders in the in hospitable terrain. The Lahore Declaration had been clearly violated as it commits both sides to refrain form intervention and interference in each other's interenal affars.

95 117. VAJPAYEE'S BUS Ride. Alive. April, 1999, 198; 1999, April; 8. The author express his view that the Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee's bus trip to Pakistan in February this year was hailed as a historic step towards building friendship with that country. Mush as was made of the Lahore Declaration that was signed at the end of the visit. It was a great step towards building confidence between India and Pakistan. The Declaration is that two sides wil take immediate steps to reduce the risk of accident! or unauthorised use of nuclear weapons. Vajpayee has his bus ride to Lahore. Nawazsharif too may have his bus ride to Amristar or New Delhi. It only means taking the people of both the countries for a side, givingthem false hopes. Kashmir in fact is an emotive issue with grave political implications. The leaders who compromiseon it in both India and Pakistan may well dig thier political graves.

118 , , , INDO-PAK, AGREEMENT. AMIT BARUAH. The Declaration and After. Frontline. 16, 26; 1999, March, 26; 24. The article indicates that any attempt by India or Palistan to score political points has the patential to prevent forward movement in the talks between the two countries. TheLahore Declaratin signed by Prime Minister A.B. Vajpayee and Nawazsharif, both leaders began playing to the gallery at homeon the Kashmir issue. The memorandom of understanding signed in Lahore duringVajpayee's visit with the needto engage in regular consultation on security

96 concept and need for peace and development. The Lahore Declaration refers to the "issue of Jamu and Kashmir," while the Simla agreement refers to "a final settlement of Jammu and Kashmir." In fact one roundof substantive discussions on peace and security and Jammu and Kahsmir issue was heldin Islamabad on October 1998. The Vajpayee's "bus deplomacy" made a good impression on the people of Pakistan. The two Prime Minister need to work towards actualising the agreements entered into. Otherwise the Lahore initative can easily descend into the same quangmive the two countries had been struck in.

119. -—, , , —--, MUTUAL CONFIDENCE. NAYAR (Kuldip). After Lahore Declaration what. Radiance. 34, 13; 1999, April, 18-24; 2. The authors feels that Lahore Declaration would build mutual confidence. It has made a new start possibleLinvingin the past would only back better memones. If Great Britain and France could be friends after fighting wars for 100 years why not India Pakistan. The Lahore declaration has mention at more than one place that the problem wil be settled peacefully, through belateral talks. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has repeated the assurance even after the declaration.

120. -—, —-, —-, RESTRAINT. ZIA MIAN. Beyond : From transparency to arms control. Economic and Political Weekly. 34, 16; 1999, April, 17; 938-41.

97 The author state that what the US and USSR did dcade ago. India and Pakistan have started to turn to 'transparency' measures as a way to reassure as a way to reassure themselves and the international community, about the nuclear dangers they have created. The measures however do not confront the central fact that two countries now have acquired the means to fight a nuclear war. The recent test of Agnl II and Ghauri-ll and references to Agni III Ghauri III and Shaheen I and II demonstrate just how little restraint the Lahore agreements in poses on th two states continuing to develop their nuclear arsenats. The urgent task was to engage in the political work that would put peace at the top of the agenda.

121. —-, .—, LIBERALISATION, IMPORT. CHANDRASHEKHAR (C.P.). The Swadesh route to liberalisation. Frontline. 15, 9; 1998, May, 8; 10. The BJP led government's decision as reflected in the eximpolicy, to accelerate import liberalisation, despite signs of a widening current account deficit, shows that it is more keen on pleasing the developed countries represented in the WTO than pushing ahead with its Swadehiplank. Resorting to increased tariffs however involves reversing the unilateral decision taken by previous governments to ensure a continuous decline in maximum and average applied tariff rates. The BJP has nationalist rhetoric, including its stated intensive to keep the nuclear option open would be can done. The BJP has mastered the art of playing with

98 symbols whether they be nebulous ones like swadeshi or real ones like the bomb or the mosques it wants to destroy and the temples it wants to build.

122. -—, —, NUCLEAR POLICY, AFFECTED. RAM (N). The perils of nuclear adventurism. Frontline. 15, 11; 1998, May 23; 8-10. The BJP led governments nuclear policy could now swing from adventurism to compromise and appearement. It is clear that the Vajpayee Government's RSS inspired nuclear hawkinshness as demonstrated in the Pokhran explosure and in the talk of nuclear weaponisation has not served India's national and democratic inrterests at all. Unitateral and unprovoked conversion of the nuclear option into weapons backed by a delivery system will have very harmful consequences for peace and security in the region and especially for Sino-lndian and India-Pakistan relations and will harm India's reputation internationally. The economic and political price for this act of adventurism is also likely to be staff.

123. -—, —-, -—, CTBT. MENON (S.M.). The Nuclear imperium and its vassal kings. Economic and Political Weekly. 33, 31; 1998, August, 1-7; 2054-57. Apart from seeking a special dispensation for India within the CTBT regime, the new, emerging nuclear policy is unclear and the terms of the engagement remain unstated.

99 It begins to seem likely that the BJP-led government would be willing to settle for a cosmetic, face saving concession from the lords of the global nuclear imperium, rather than a substantive one.

124. -—, -—, -—, INDIA. KIDWAI (Praful). Seeking a paradigm Shift. Frontline, 15, 8; 1998, April, 24; 17-18. The article indicate the BJP's nuclear policy is an umprincipled violent break with long established consenses. It will degrade India's security and legitimse horror weapons. The government has no mandate for this. In reality the BJP led Government's stated nuclear policy is a major, unconscionable, violent departure from the earlier official posture. The premises that underlie the BJP government's stated nuclear policy violate the Indian stand on this issue for five decades-that nuclear weapons, being weapons of mass destruction are morally indefensible, legally impremissible and strategically irrational. The BJP led government will have to think twice before actually decldiing to go over nuclear. The BJP which most vociferously demands nuclearisation is also the party most associated with bellicouse communal politics. After all the BJP with its 25 percent vote and its shaky ragtag government, has no mandate to make long term, possible irreversible, policy change.

100 125. —-, -—, NUCLEAR POWER, IRONY, INDIA. INDIA AS a Nuclear power. Competition Master. 39, 11; 1998, June; 932. The author expresses his views that it would be an irony of sorts if our country, that gave the message of peace and non violance to the world were to became a nuclear power India will have to show a lot of restraint if it is to remain a non-nuclear state. Or will the BJP led government give in to demand to developed nuclear weapons. In this article we discuss the consequence of a nuclear race in the region and what the future hold. Whether we decide to go nuclear or not it is clear that nation faces grave choice as it must respond to the challenge from across the border.

126. -—, -—, NUCLEAR PROGRAME, CONSEQUENCES, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL. GIDWANI (Vanay Krishin). India's Nuclear tests : Loss of moral station and coverage. Economic and Political Weekly. 33, 22; 1998, June, 5; 1312-15. In India 1545 hours 1st, May, 11, 1998, will remain a moment of moral incertitute. The BJP led coalition government of India made two fateful decisions; first it gave sanction to Indian defence scientists to test three nuclear devices at Pokhran, one of these a thermonuclear device; second it abandoned India's commitment to a peaceful nuclear programme. While the economic and political consequences and underlying logic of the nuclear tests

101 require to be critically evaluated, the reasons for desmay at India's nuclear turn are neither economic nor political. The real cause for distress is India's loss of moral stature and courage.

127. -—, ----, NUCLEAR TESTS, AFTER EFFECTS. RAM (N). From nuclear adventurism to appearement. Frontline. 15, 12; 1998, June, 19; 11-14. The BJP led government's nuclear adventurism and militarism have landed the government the country and the region in a mess the like of which they have not faced before. A new situation has been created by Pakistan's tests but India is prepared to meet any eventuality. We are committed to maintain deterrence. The Sharif and Vajpayee statement of May 28, 1998, speak to a dangerously destabilished, volatile situation in the region. The Vajpayee government and the India nuclear energy establishment need to come out with the full truth, backed by sufficient evidence. The BJP's nuclear game plan if there was are has back fired and vitually callopsed. The BJP led government's nuclear policy is well into a process of swinging from hawkish adventurism to compromise and appearsement.

128. —-, —-, —-, AGNI. MEHTA (Ashok). Agni Pariksha. Sunday. 26. 16; 1999, April, 18-24; 14-15. Article deals with India's successfully lanching Agni II

102 missile. By all accounts the scientists of the integrated missile development programme have scored a bull's eye a totally fault free launch and a perfect 11 minutes tracking of the minute from launch to its designated point of infact more than 2000 kns away. The agni tests will hot up the multiply war of words between India and US India and Pakistan and India and china. The prospect for the 10th round of JW with China already delayed by a year may become a non startert. The missile tests is likely to blow away much sooner than the fall out of the nuclear tests.

129. —., --, —., CODEMNATION. SAROSH (Bana). Blast Em All. Blitz. 58, 20; 1998, May, 16; 1. India ove rides global condemnation in realising its nuclear deterance. Bludge oning the grounds well of world wide condemnation that has not unanticipatedly followed, India signalled its arrival as a weaponlsed nucfear power by barnstormina the exclusivist atomic club at 3.45 p.m. on Monday and then following them up with two additional unannounced and equally unexpected detonations on Wednesday. The US will rally world opinion against India on this score its sanctions including halt to world bank credit that last year amounted to $ 1.5 billion, and discontinuing the annual $ 140 million government and as well as exports of American computers parts and military technology. With this planned series of five tests now complete and carried out in the and wastes of Pokhran, 100 km from Rajasthan's

103 border with Pakistan, India became a sixth member, 34 years after its fifth and last member, China, had joined it.

130. —., —-, —., CONSENSUS, HINDUTVA. AJAZ AHMAD . The Hindutva Weapon. Frontline. 15, 11; 1998, June, 5; 21-23. The author expresses his views, as a full scale reactionary agenda begins to upfold, it is becoming clear that the consensus behind the BJP's dangerus nuclear adventure is an attempted consensus, behind Hindutva. The Pakistan explosions have brought independent India to a watershed comparable in its long term political significance, to the sino-lndian war the emergency and the destruction of the Babri Masjid. The BJP will act precisely the way it acted on the Ayodhya issue and the way it has been acting on the nuclear issue until now. The consensus behind Vajpayee's nuclear policy, amounts to consensus behind Hindutva. Equally strongly the point needs to be made that this act of boguns ani-imperialism is designed to facilitate the ability of the Hindutvia forces to implement a programme of liberalisation and privatisation for more drastic than anything, P. Chidombaram was able to implement or even envision.

131. —, -—, —, CRUCIAL PHASE. VANAIK (Achin). Crossing the Rubicon. Economic and Political Weekly. 33, 24; 1998, June, 13; 1433-36. The article deals with the overnight ruthless political

104 force of great evil and determination that changed the parameters of debate and struggle on so vital an issue as nuclear security and insecurity, as well as on related concerns such as India's relationship to its neighbours and to the World. Vajpayee said that the on May, 11, 1998, India crossed the nuclear Rubicon embarking on a journey that can only bring more insecurity, tension, maldevelopment even as it represents another crucial phase in the ongoing efforts ofthe Sangh combine to totally transform the character of Indian Society.

132. --, —., —., DISTRESS. GIDWANI (Vinay Krishan). India's Nuclear Tests : Loos of Moral stature and courage. Economic and Political Weekly. 33, 22; 1998, May, 30; 1312-15. In India 1545 hours 1st May, 11, 1998, will remain a moment of moral incertitute. The BJP led coalition government of India made two fateful decisions : first it gave sanction to Indian defence scientists to test three nuclear devices at Pokhran one of these a thermonuclear device; second it abandoned India's commitment to a peaceful nuclear programme. While the economic and political consequences and underlying logic of the nuclear teste requrie to be critically evaluated the reasons for dismay at India's nuclear turn are neither economic nor political. The real cause for distress is India's loss of moral stature and courage.

105 133. -—, —-, —-, FISSION DEVICE. RAO (Rama, M). India conducts 3 Nuclear tests. National Herald. 30, 65; 1998, May, 13; 1. The article deals with India, successfully conducted three underground nuclear tests in Pokhran range on Monday. The BJP a political weapon for calling, an early midterm poll. The morale booster by the BJP faithful and big surprise by rest of the world, the tests came exactly twenty four years after India demonstrated its nuclear capability with an under ground test with a fission device at the same Pokhran site. This tests conducted today were with a fission device, a low yield device and a thermonuclear device. India remains committeed to speedly process of nuclear disarmanent leading to total and global elimination of nuclear weapons.

134. —-, -—, —-, INPT, CTBT, JAPAN. SINGH (Rai). India as Sixth Nuclear Weapons State. Nation and the World. 8, 16; 1998, June, 16; 17. It has been accepted widely that India has emerged as the new or the sixth nation of the world with capability and capacity to produce nuclear weapons. Whether India would actually produce and deploy nuclear weapons for its defence in the near future is another matter. Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee had announced on May, 11, that India had exploded three nuclear devices, including one thermo nuclear at 3.45 pm at Pokhran. Japan wants India to stop its nuclear testing immediately and sign the NPT and CTBT

106 at the earlist. It may be recall that the French are keen to increase their business cooperation with India. French which is the leader of the airbus industries consortium has been pushing hard to sell airbus aircraft to air India and also Indian Air lines. The americans are also lobbying keenly to self boeing commercial aircraft to India. India should also reiterate its promise against the first use of nuclear weapon against anyone. Declaration of moratorium on nuclear tests, though welcome is not sufficient.

135. —-, —-, —-, LAHORE DECLARATON. JAYARAMAN (T.), Lahore Declaration and Nuclear Issues. Frontline. 16, 12; 1999, March, 12; 12. The key message of the Lahore Declaration as well as the Memorandum of understanding (MOU) is that the govt are bent on holding course towards nuclear weaponisation, whatever be the political, social and economic costs. BJP led government holds to a policy of the unitateral deployment of nuclear weapons a peace threatening and destabilising mores. Essentially the Declaration and the MOD'S promise that the two parties will play the deterrence game well and safety. The sale positive more has been the confirmation and identifinity extension of the moratorium on nuclear testing. Hope for future lies in the fact that for all the hype, nuclear weaponisation in the subcostinent will proceed slowly. There is time for new political leadership in both countries to display the wisdom need to draw the subcontinent back from the brints of nuclear weaponisation

107 by Understanding fresh peace on ented initiatives.

136 --, —-, --, NEXT STEP, MISSILE, SURYA. PRASANNAN (R). Going full Blast. The Week. 16, 23; 1998, May, 24; 33-35. The article deals with a series of five explosion India has forced its way into the nuclear club. The Hydrogen bomb has stunned the world which now worries about India's next step : the inter continental ballistic, missile surrya. Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee hardly 54 days into rulling third world's India with a rag tag coalition, cocked a nuke at the superpowers with their mega death bombs. Five eearth shaking tests in the sandy wastes of Rajasthan and a sixth nuclear power has been born for the third millenium. Unlike that first test (Greater of 1974 explosion in pokhran) there is no apologetic suffix of 'peaceful' to the Buddha Purnima of 1998. There is a deliberate attempt to flaunt the yet-to-be acquired weaponry.

137. -—, —-, —-, NUCLEAR WEAPON STATE, INDIA. WELLS (H.G.). India's Nuclear Gamble. Competition Master. 39, 12; 1998, July; 1017. The article analysis the nuclear compulsion of India on May 11, 1998, India reaffirmed its nuclear powers by conducting three under ground nuclear tests, code named Shakti I to III in the Pokhran range in Rajasthan. These were followed by two more tests on May 13. Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee said that India, thus joined the club of five

108 nuclear weapon states. Despite pressures from USA and its allies Pakistany conducted five tests on May 28, 1998 thus increasing the possibility of a nuclear arms race in the indian subcontinent. This article analysis the nuclear compulsions of India, the background as also comments on the future scanario. Priminister Atal Behari made the announcement of India's nuclear tests on May 11 at a hurriedly called press conference.

138. --, .—, .—, PEACE, THREAT, SOUTH ASIA. ROLL BACK Nuclear Weaponisation. New age. 46, 31; 1998, August, 2-8; 1. The article deals with the nuclear explosion conducted in May 1998 by the BJP government of India and Sharif government of Pakistan and consequent talk of and moves towards nuclear weaponisation, have given rise to serious situation that threatens peace, security and well being in South Asia. Nuclear weapons are weapons of mass annihilation of a genocidal character. The achievement of the BJP led government with in four months of assuming office has been to undermine both the non military, peaceful orientation of India's nuclear policy and the country's leverage against the unequal global nuclear bargain.

139. -—, —., .—, POKHRAN. CHATTERJEE (Partha). How we loved the bomb and Later Rued It. Economic and Political Weekly. 33, 24; 1998, June, 13; 1437-41.

109 The article Indicates that with the test explosions in Pokhran, the euphoria in India has evaporated. When parliament debated the issue on May 28 and 29 the mood was critical, worried, sometimes introspective. In real political terms, the objective of the Indian elite is not Universal disarmament, but to move from the side of the discriminated to that of the discriminators. That is the underlying political agenda on which a new national consensus is being sought. If we do not keep this in view, we will also fail to understand another bewildering turn that has taken place in the last few weeks : the sudden declaration that China is India's principal security threat.

140. JOSHI (Anuja). The man who never closes his mouth. Sunday. 25, 30; 1998, July, 26; 8. Madan Lai Khuana has given his party a lot to worry about his mouth being almost always half open. Take his performance in the last 100 days of the BJP government. Immediately after the Pokhran blasts, Khurana did his unzip mouth insert food act yet again. Both Vajpayee and Advani pulled him up. The BJP government has become a bit of a joke in parliament since in the past 100 days there have been more walk outs by its allies than by the opposition. It does not help that Khurana lacks the finesse and subtility his job requires. It also does not help that every time he makes a blunder he holds a press conference to highlight that fact. It was Atal Behari Vajpayee who explain to Khurana you must get out of regional politics and come to

no the centre. We need you there "said Vajpayee. And Khurana was nnore than pleased to carry his open mouth. But for how long is anybody's guess. The views of the author are not necessarity those of the party.

141. ROY (Arandhati). The end of imagination. Frontline. 15, 16; 1998, August, 1-14; 4-7. By afternoon the wind had fallen silent over Pokhran. At 3.45 p.m; the timor detonated the three devices. Around 200 to 300m deep in the earth the heat generated was equivalent to a million degrees centigrade as hot as temperatures on the sun. Instantly rocks weighing around a thousand tons, a mini mountain underground, vapourized. Shakwaves from the blast began to lift a mount on earth the size of a foot ball field by several metres. One scientist on seeing it said. "I can now believe stores of Lord Krishna lifting a hill.

142. WALIA (Kaajal). Smiling Dharmaraj. Sunday. 26, 21; 1999, May, 23-29; 7. The article indicates towards Buddha Smiling at Pokhran on 11 May. This year on 11 May, it was 'caretaker' Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee who could not stops smiling at the impressure turnout at Shivaji Park in Bombay. The first anniversary of India going nuclear. He stressed that it was all meant for peaceful use. He also recalled the positive outcome of his bus ride to Lahore. The Information and Broadcasting Minister Pramod Mahajan

in gave a spirit performance attacking the "lady witin Italian origins". Vajpayee has been in public service since he was 15 years. The people who brought down the government are the Kauravas. Vajpayee is Yudhister, AdvanI Is Arjun. and Fernandes the might bhim. 143. —-, —-, —-, —-, BUDGET. BANA (Sarosh). Nuclear racism. Blitz. 58, 22; 1998, May, 30; 2. The Vajpayee's government will do will not to take recourse to a harsh budget in an effort to escape the economic noose that appears to be tightening round India in the wake of its nuclear tests in Pokhran on May 11 and 13. If India has done will in standing up to world opinion in exercising it nuclear option it should do will to stand up to the sanctions as well by not crumbling under them in the union budget.

144. KAPOOR (Sanjay). Budget to nuke reform process. Blitz. 58, 22; 1998, May, 30; 1. The article deals with serial nuclear tests at Pokhran and the sanctions inposed by the united states and other western countries are likely to provide swadeshi hawks in the BJP's coalition government with the excuse to push through an isolationist agenda-beginning with the up coming budget. The pain and suffering which may come in the wake of economic sanctions, it contents, will strengthen the process of national consolidation. The BJP led coalition claims that it has a contingency plan to take care of sanctions. The budget will unveil that plan, if there is one.

112 145. —-, —-, -—, -—, FISSION DEVICE. INDIA CONDUCTS thre nuclear tests. The Hindustan Times. 74; 131; 1998, May, 12; 1. On May 11, India successfully conducted three underground nuclear tests in the Pokhran range in Rajasthan, 24 year after the nation had conducted the first such tests. The dramatic announcement about the three tests conducted at 3.45 p.m. was made by priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee at a hurriedly convened press conference at his residence here. The test had been conducted with a fission device, a low yield device and a thermonuclear device.

146. —., —., —., .—, HYSTERIA, CONSENSUS, POLITICAL. RAINA (R). Hindu bomb. New Wave. 27, 40; 1998, May, 24; 3. The insidious design behind the Vajpayee government's Pokhran adventure is gradually manifesting itself. Now that the mist of euphoria has started lifting both political parties and commentators are having second thoughts over the real reasons for the nuclear tests. Nuclear adventure for it's the demolition of Babri Masjid, aimed at capturing and consolidation political power for partisan ends. The other myth is that the BJP will win the next elections which it may hold before the Pokhran hysteria fully subsides. If the BJP is sincere about restoring national honour it must repudiate its antiminorities agenda and publicity abandon divisive, exclusivist Hindutva Ideology. That alone will ensure political consensus and national cohesion.

113 147. —-, —-, —-, —-, POLITICAL PLAY. KUNJU (N). Bread, Not Bomb. Nation and the World. 8, 175; 1999, Febraury, 1; 20. The article deals with what India needs is not nuclear bomb but economic development. Japan and Germany have proved this point, the author discusses that the pokhran tests were a political play by the BJP to divert the attention from government's non-performance and internal squabbles. The Atal Behari Vajpayee government pushed to the corner by its non-performance, contradictions between its actions and agenda that made its ranks restless and above all, has taken refuge in the nuclear bang to overcome the opposition, both internal and external. The Parivar Cadres angry at not being able to build the Ram Mandir at Ayodhya nad having to surrender the lion's share of power to unsympathetic alliance partners, have now become ecstatic with this self proclaimed. Hindutva nuclear achievement. Advani has aid that India would suffer in the preparation for conventional war because of the sanctions. Nuclear bomb are not weapons of war but of mass distruction.

148. —-, -—, -—, —., STATUS, INDIA. JOSHI (Manoj). Nuclear shock waves. India today. 23, 21; 1998, May, 25; 22-30. The article deals with the Pokhran tests that proclaimed India a nuclear weapons state took the world by surprise. For the BJP however it was the fulfilment of a

114 long standing promise, Risi^ing international opprobrium and economic sanctions, the government has gone ahead with the nuclear tests. Will the gamble work? And at what cast? Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee chose the auspicious Buddha Purnima to trumpet India's status as the world's sixth nuclear weapon state. These tests have proved that we can make any kind of nuclear weapons.

149. -—, —-, —-, —-, THREAT, DEMOCRACY. JOSHI (Manoj). Hawkish India. India today. 23, 22; 1998, June, 1; 28-34. May 11, 3.45 p.m. site of nuclear test in Pokhran. The article Indicate that the Pokhran tests and their after math have radically redefined India's foreign policy, forcing other nuclear weapons states to reevaluate their basic assumptions about the country being a benign democracy,, slow to anger and action. It is now seen as nation pursuiting its interests aggressively, discarding its self- righteous halo Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee stood at the edge of the large crater caused by India's recent nuclear blasts in pokhran and simply flashed the "V" Sign. In an attempt to muscle its way into the big boys' club, India is jettisoning its idological baggage and indulging in real politic Calculations on China went awry, the tensions excalted and India backed down, but the damage to relations is still serious.

115 150. —-, -—, —-, PRESSURE, WASHINGTON. EUPHORIA AND reality. Frontline. 16, 6; 1999, March, 26; 23. After Lahore, India and Pakistan appear to have prepared in to antagonistic rhetoric. However evidently, they are coordinating heir responses to nuclear and related issues. India and Pakistan seem to have offered to sign the CTBT before September 1999. The memorandum of under standing signed in Lahore during Vajpayee's visit deals with the need to engage in regular consultations on security concepts and nuclear doctrines, to notify each other in case of nuclear accidents and to provide early warning of missile tests. The Kashmir issue continues to remain on the front burner. Nawaz Sharif claim that during his visit to Lahore Vajpayee had given an assurance that the question of self determination would be considered. Indian offificals claim that western investor confidence in South Asia has increased after Vajpayee's visit to Lahore. Indian official insist that there is a convergence of views of nuclear and other related issues with Pakistan, they deny that India and Pakistan are coordinating their efforts to face up to pressure from Washington.

151. -—, --, —., SHAKTI - 1998. ONE YEAR after Pokhran. Competition Master. 40, 12; 1999, July; 1045. The author expresses his news about India exploding the shakti nuclear tests on May 11, 1998. The world was

116 shocked last year when Indian and Pakistan exploted their nuclear bombs. Disapprovals and economic sanctions were quick to come. The world seemed to be a little move unsafe as the two countries seemed poised to go and divastating arm race. The country's nuclear weapons deterant has not deterred Pakistan which has created war like conditions in Kashmir. We examine the nucelar balance sheet after one year of Pokhran, the benefits and the costs.

152. BARDHAN (A.B.) The Nuclear Explosions and After. New Age. 46, 21; 1998, May, 24-30; 1. The article deal with the six week old Vajpayee government had distinguished itself by nothing more than sheer non-governnance, a war of words and mutual in suits and leg pulling among partners it has come as a great reprieve for the government. The series of five nuclear tests on May 11 and 13, named as shakti-1998, was bound to capture the popular imagination. There has been an euphoric out-burst, and a feeling that we are now a strong power, no matter all our other interrent weakenesses. There is admiration for the veil of secrecy which covered the whole operation, so that big boy Clinton and his banch of CIA spies with their snooping stallites were caught literally napping. This is rather unusual for us, since we generally leak like a sieve. No one can mistake this position as one arising from weakness, or lack of capabilities.

117 153. —-, -—, —-, STRATEGY, SECURITY. BANERJEE (Subrata). Indo-Pak Nuclear Confrontation, US Inspired. New Age. 46, 32; 1998, August, 9-15; 7. The BJP government should discard the strategy of national security built up over the last 50 years and opt for the US designed foreign policy and security strategy. It one looks a little carefully at US-India-Pakistan relations in recent years, in the context of the current nuclear confrontation in the subcontinent, one cannot excape identifying US as the villain in the scenario as it has evolved. The ruling classes of Pakistan, v\/ho have always been junior partners in the US strategy for the Indian subcontinent.

154. ...., ...., -..., TEST BAN TREATY. CHENGAPHA (Raj). Future fire. India Today. 23, 21; 1998, May, 25; 32-34. India still needs to develop a range of fast and accurate delivery systems for the N-bombs. Latest Nuclear tests at Pokhran look like innocious craters. The nuclear tests may have given a boost to India's defence arsenal, but the country can not ignore the enormous cost of weaponisation. These tests have proved that we can make any kind of nuclear weapons. It is a controversial means of testing the reliability of nuclear weapons adopted by the five nuclear power to get around the comprehensive Test ban treaty. Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee spoke that the India is now a nuclear weapons state.

118 155. —-, —-, -—, THREATENED, WORLD PEACE. PHANDI (Aditi). Toward peace. Sunday. 26, 8; 1999, February, 21-27; 40. India and Pakistan took the first tentative step towards creating a mood that will dominate the next one thousand years. When BJP government came to power and conducted the nuclear tests, and Pakistan carried out its own nuclear tests, new elements were added to the relationship. This war the united states which made it clear to both India and Pakistan that world peace would be threatened. They argued that Indians and Pakistan are like the female monkey which clutches the body of its child to its stomach because it can not bear the thought that its child might be dead. Indian and Pakistan are too used to quarrelling stop doing it. But who knows peace might just breake out.

156. -—, —-, —-, WORLD PEACE. SEN (Mohit). The Nuclear Fall Out. New Wave. 27, 41; 1998, May, 31; 12. The nuclear weapons tests have now become a part of national life, it has changed that life to an extent but life goes on. The BJP leadership had also hoped the atomic blast would make their allience partners easier to tame. We did all this not only world peace and cooperation were our objectives but because it was only in conditions of peace that we could pursue our socio-economic goals. The BJP is endangering our national prospect in the name of the nuclear explosions. Strength should make us self confident.

119 The BJP commanded government's behaviour is one of paranoic nervousness placing the nation in danger.

157. ...., ...., NUCLEAR WEAPON, INTERNATIONAL POWER. DESHINGKAR (Giri). Equating Technological Progress with Nuclear Bombs. Economic and Political Weekly. 33, 22; 1998, June; 1297-98. The faith in this theology is that nuclear weapons are the currency of international power; other currency are secondary. The second article of faith is that nuclear weapons, excuding power as they do, cutting down on conventional forces. A further articles of faith says that a no first use pledge by Indian will clear all doubts about India's basic peaceful intensions. The priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee has decleared the day of Pokhran II, May 11, as technology day' effectively equating technological progress with nuclear bombs. In all nuclear weapons countries experts have of may of bamboozling their political leaders with science fiction project in the name of national security. The government has already created a BARC-DRDO complex under the ministry of defence. ISRO and the Airforce can be integrated into that at appropriate times to make it a truly for midable lobby.

158. -—, —-, —-, POWER. MALHOTRA (Inder). National Interest. Sunday. 25, 30; 1998, July, 26; 10. The article states the signing of the CTBT-on suitable

120 terms would be to India's benefit. India is now a nuclear weapons power and this situation can not change except as a result of total global disarmament. More importantly this country needs no more tests. Having conducted subcritical experiments can ensure the realiability and safety of its weapons through laboratory tests. Atai Behari Vajpayee is willing lo give the moratorium on nuclear testing a legally binding basis. What's the difference between this and signing the CTBT, provided of course this is not done unconditional as demanded by the US and China. The major objections to the CTBT was that in flagrant violation of international law it was sought to be imposed on an unwilling India by making the treaty's coming into force dependent on India's adherence to it. If this country refuses to subcribe to the CTBT it be comes a dead latter.

159. JOHN CHERIAN. The BJP and the Bomb. Frontline. 15, 8; 1998, April, 24; 4-9. The author expresses his view that the Bharatiya Janata Party and its earlier incarnation, the Jan Sangh, have consistently advocated a hawkish line on matters of national security particularly nuclear related Issued. Possessing the "bomb" is an article of faith with the party that now heads a coalition government at the centre. The Nuclear weapons have always been viewed as a "currency of power" and the "ultimate weapon" by the BJP. The BJP led government's intention to exercise the option to induct nuclear weapons marks a break with India's nuclear policy

121 since 1974 and carries serious security and foreign policy risks for India. The BJP's 1998 manifesto committed the party to the expolitions development of the Agni series of intermediate range balistic missiles which are capable of carrying nuclear warheads.

160. —-, —-, —-, TESTS, VIOLATION, INTERNATIONAL LAW. BANERJEE (Subrata). Politics of BJP's Nuclear Weapons Strategy. New Age. 46, 27; 1998, July, 5-11; 5. The author express his view on the matters as they stand at the moment, each of the five nuclear weapon power has the right to conduct nuclear weapon tests without violating any international agreement. The BJP government's nuclear weapon misadventure it needs to be emphasised that India has violated no international law. The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) signed in 1996 by most states has a significant clause. It requires all the 44 nuclear capable states in the world to sign and ratify the treaty before it can formally come into force. It was known at that time that there was no possibility in the near future of India, Pakistan and Israel signing and ratifying the treaty. Our BJP politicians are no fools; nor they are military advisers. The BJP's declared willingness to sign a suitable amended CTBT too is hypocritical. No such scope exists for an amendment.

161. .—, .—, ONION CRISIS. REKHI (Shefals). The Great Onion Disaster. India Today. 23, 45; 1998, November, 9; 21-26.

122 The article deals with prices continuing to spiral in spite of frantic imports. The skyrocketing prices of onions throughout the country have caused extreme hardship to the poor and the middle classes. Is the BJP government to blame or are they shortages real? The BJP leadership was probably aware that Egyptian pharaohs regarded the onion as a symbol of eternity. The BJP is busy importing. Atal Behari Vajpayee Government in herited the congress numberous white elephants which were blessed with monopoly power. Through the onion crisis Vajpayee also guaged the bureacracy's natural inclination to let inaction prevail. Judging from the potentially damaging after effects of the onion crisis on the BJP's electoral for tunes, he does not have too options. The story of the great onion disaster begins with bureaucratic loxicity.

162. —-, —, PERFORMANCE, VAJPAYEE. NAQVI (Naseem). Abki Baari Atai Ki Baari.. Nation and the World. 8, 175; 1999, February, 1; 14. The author express his views about Atal Behari Vajpayee being welcomed for his boldness in politics. The odd Vajpayee watcher this comes as panful reminder that it is the turn of politics to have one dayer syndrome, where only the moment matter, brushing a side past performance. Ataiji is treated by his parivar. The inducting three men of this 'choice' into his cabinet throwing everyone from his ruling partners to his sangh family member. Fron now onwards it will be a different Vajpayee who will be a little

123 more than the 'mask' his family members wanted him to be. Atleast its the first step for Vajpayee tow a look and be have priministeral. First the coalition partners then the parivar rank and file had all but suffocated the government and governance. Vajpayee's coterie wanted to keep itself away from the mairstream saffronites. Vajpayee on a confrontation course with sangh parivar's think tanks. And yet this was done proving that the man means business. The BJP with its numerous power centres, unfortunately, behaves like this. It is time that Vajpayee shows more such assertiveness and keeps the numerous leaders in the pack fully leashed. Author said that Vajpayee is a new avtaar.

163. —, —, POLICE REFORM, INDIA. ANSARI (Iqbal A.). Police Reform in India. Radiance. 33, 6; 1998, February, 8-14; 3. It is a matter of great shame forthe India Republic and its Citizenery that they are still being governed by the policy and parliamilitary forces which are expected under law to threat them as subject people. The debacle of Ayodhya on December 6, 1992 presents one of the worst examples of gross misue of political authority misdirecting the civil administration and the police not to be use force against rampaging nob of Kar Sevaks who continued for long hours and days to unlawfully damage and destroy a building whose protection was guaranteed under law.

124 164. —-, —-, POLITICAL UNCERTAINITY. ESWARAN (V.V.). Fortune for some lesson for others. Nation and the World. 8, 173; 1999, Jan, 1; 44-45. The author expresses that the year 1998 would be remembered by the BJP as it fulfilled its long-cherished dream of coming to power at the centre yet also of shattering dreams when it lost assembly polls in three states. At the same time congress comp rejoiced as the year provided it with a ray of hope. In 1998, with stand out as a period of political uncertainly and confusion. Bridging the gab between the government and the party is an inescapable and urgent task. In the back ground was also on inference conflict between the camps of priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee and Lai Krishna Advani which appears to have been temporarily got over. The result was a massive upsurge against the BJP among the poor, the minorities and the women. The BJP has been punished for its non performance as a government. The BJP thinks that by the time the next assembly elections are held, the party would have tied up loose ends and over come the short comings which were visible this time. The onion prices can not shoot up every time elections are held, it will be the BJP which would be victorious.

165. -—, —-, —., SCENARIO. MUKERJI (Debashish). Mission accomplished. The Week. 16, 19; 1998, April, 26; 44-46. The article deals with the filing of nominations to the

125 post of BJP national president was reached at 3 p.m. on April 14. By down playing Ayodhya and forging valiable alliances, L.K. Advani brought intellectual muscle and power to the BJP. The Vajpayee image is a major advantage and brought us many votes, admitted a senior office bearer. "But when it comes to organisational ruts and bolts, there is none to match Advani. He knows the party much better than Vajpayee does. Leadership is important but we must not forget that the general political conditions favoured us said K.R. Malkani. "It is not just the president's achievement, the BJP got only two seats but that does not reflect on Vajpayee alone, just because he was president then. So much depends on the prevailing political scenario. But to impute jealously to Advani, to believed that he resents Vajpayee as priminister, is to misread the man completely.

166. —-, —-, POST-POKHRAN POLICY, KASHMIR, DEBATE, GROUPS, ETHNICS AND RELIGIOUS. PUR! (Balraj). A post pokhran policy for Kashmir. Economic and Political Weekly. 33, 45; 1998, November, 7-3; 2830-32. An Internal debate among he different ethnic and religious communities of Jammu and Kashmir on their status within the state and on the state's external ties must constitute the core of a post Pokhran Indian policy on Kashmir. It was unnecessary to assume that the out come of such a political process would necessarity go against India. For any understanding among the various identities

126 within Jammu and Kashmir can be built only on the basis of a democratic and federal set up which is closer to the Indian polity, with all its faults and short comings.

167. —-, —-, PRICE HIKES. BARDHAN (A.B.). Fight the price rise to save your family. New Age. 46, 29; 1998, November, 19-25; 1. The article indicates towards the life of common people is becoming more and more miserable. Nearly 39 percent of our population lives below the poverty line. It means downright starvation dueto high prices of every single food items. In the heat of controversy over several other issues the way prices of literally every essential commodity are soaring up to the skies, under the present BJP-led dispensation, is not getting the desired attension. Let us recall how a decade or two back, rising prices had brought tens of thousands on to the streets, almost in every centre. It is this government that has failed miserably in economic management. Perhaps keeping prices down is not on its priority list.

168. -—, —-, —-, ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES. SONI (Thengamam). Onion price increase 1,000 percent; countesy BJP Government. New Age. 46, 44; 1998, November, 1-7; 2. The article indicate that the BJP government in Delhi had poured darkness into the lives of Delhites with spiralling prices during the festival season of Dusserah and Divali.

127 Even the middle class is struggling hard with escalating prices. Onions, potatoes, edible oil all these essential commodities have gone out of reach of common man. The price of these article have touched an all time high. Still the BJP government in Delhi talks about a new style of governance.

169. ----, —-, PRICE RISE, ESSENTIAL COMMOTIES. CHAKRAVARTI (Sundeep). Rising Prices. India Today. 23, 29; 1998, July, 20; 35-40. The author discusses the crop failures over cautions policies, a falling rupee and demand have collectively driven up prices of essential commodities as never before in the space of a year. And there no respite in sight for Indian families who are being forced to tighten belts. The BJP government of shielding hoarders and pannel Finance Minister yashwant Sinha's "anti poor" budget. Mean while at the centre the left is attacking the BJP-led government for its failure to control prices.

170. —, —, PROGRAMM, HOUSING, VASUNDHARA YOJANA, U.P. SUNDERARAJAN (P). Vajpayee takes part in a community meal. The Hindu. 122, 67; 1999, March, 20; 6. The priminister Mr. Atal Behari Vajpayee today celebated one year of his government by taking part in a community meal with the people of this village. The menu consisted of the typical rural fare of Dal, Sabzi and Roti

128 served in earthern pots and plate made of levels. He also handed over a cheque for Rs. 50 crores for 50,000 houses that are to buiit in Uttar Pradesh with HUDCO assistance under the two million housing programme laid the foundation stone for new housing programme under the Vasundhara Yojana of the Uttar Pradesh Housing and Development Board and Under the Ashraja sudhar Vojana at Nandgram and Baurao Devras Yojana of Pratab Vihar by the Ghaziabad development authority. Besides he handed over keys to the allottees of houses under the Vasundhara Yojana.

171. ...., ...., PROGRAMME, NUCLEAR, THREAT, ALTER, ISSUES, MILITANCY, INTERNAL SECURITY. KAPOOR (Sanjay). Nuclear status to Quell Militancy. Blitz. 58, 21; 1998, May, 23; 1. The momentous decision of the BJP government at the centre ot weapons India's nuclear programme is now threatening to radically alter the traditional approach of the Indian establishment towards issue of militancy and internal security. Even though the blasts have brought to the fore the hypocrisy and double standards of the International nuclear regime the BJP government appears to be benefit of a coherent stragegy and seems unable to identify individuals who can articulate India's case convincingly. The BJP anticipated to build on the domestic euphoria and good will generated by the bomb.

129 172. —-, —-, —-, -—, WEAPONS, ECONOMY. GHOSH (Jayati). The Bomb and the Economy. Frontline. 16, 10; 1999, May, 8-21; 37-39 The nuclear weapons programme which envisages the spending of staggering amounts of resources on it even as developmental and social spending is being cut back, is a devastating reminder of the misplaced priorities of the BJP- led government. The economic cost of categories core only recently emerging. The expense of decontaminating and clearing up radioactive sites; health care expense of afflicted workers with in the nuclear complex and other involved in production of radioactive material. Compare these amount of Rs 20,000 crores plus for the weapons alone and another Rs 160,000 crores for the related systems necessary for weaponisation, with the government of India's total plan outlay budgeted for the current year which is only Rs 77,000 crores. The nuclear weapons programme is a devastating reminder of the misplaced priorities of the government. It is now up to social pressure and action to ensure that these priorities are reset.

173. .—, —., RAMTEMPLE, CONSTRUCTION. MUKERJI (Debashish). Ayodhya Bomb. Making of the Mandir. The Week. 16, 25; 1998, June, 7; 35-41. The author discusses about the Mandir being assembled in three workshops in Rajasthan and one in Uttar Pradesh under the supervision of the VHP. The plan is to start construction at the actual site in two years

130 whether or not the BJP has a majority at the centre. Two bombs have been ticking away in India for years, one in the pokhraran desert of Rajasthan and the other in Ayodhya. The BJP led government gladly pulled the pin at pokhran flexing its nuclear muscle; a shakti peeth temple that Hindu Sanyasins have planned near pokhran will symbolise this victory. The BJP is worried about the political cost of detonating this bomb, but the Vishwa Hindu Parishad is defiant. The proposed Ayodhya temple is being prefabricated by the sangh parivar in Rajasthan's Sirohi district and in Kar Sevak Puram in U.P. One forth of the work is complete.

174. ...., ...., REFORMS, BLENDING, SWADESHI. BLENDING SWADESHI with reforms. Competition Master. 40, 3; 1998, October; 214. This article deals with BJP government took the runs of the country at a time when a down ward slide had already set in the economy. Grwoth rate and productivity both were on the decline. The economic problems were compounded with economic sanctions imposed by several countries, including the USA and Japan. It is not certain whether Pokhran-ll has been able to dissuade he political opponents of the government but it has certainly resulted in decline in foreign aid. Under this circumstances, it was expected that the Finance Minister would come out with forward-looking and bold budget proposals. But the Union Budget for 1998-99 failed leave up to the expectations and

131 rather took a U-turn in matter like excise and custom duties. As apprehended, the economy is already showing the signs of gradual but continuous slide.

175. .—, —., REGIONAL PARTIES. NAYAR (Kuldip). An atmosphere of Ennui Looms large. Radiance. 32, 14; 1997, March, 16-22; 8. The real malady, analyses is that political parties are benefit of ideas. The BJP the largest block in the Lok Sabha, has huffed and hawed for record. The BJP is still in the midst of the crisis that has followed the demolition of the Babri Masjid in December 1992. Advani is wrong in concluding that the BJP has benefited from the 'secular logic' that has brought 13 regional parties together. Once the BJP leavs to compromise, it will find that t he type of politics it follows is sterile. The BJP is wrong if it believes that it is making in roads in the south. The party is still seen in that part of India as a northern Hindu Chauvinistic group. It is sliding downward partially in all the non-Hindi speaking states. Regional Parties are gaining ground.

176. —-, —-, RELATION, INDO-PAK, FRIENDLY. ZEYAUL HAQUE. The state of Indo-Pak Ties. Nation and the Word. 8, 172; 1998, December, 16; 46. Jaswant Singh whose party as well as the mastermind, the RSS are hawkish on Indo-Pak relations has been making Pak-friendly statement. The both India and Pakistan are born of the sam womb. Advani's insistence on

132 hot pursuit bothered Americans who saw it as sure recipe for sudden escalation. Some how with American counselling the idea of hot pursuit has been dropped. A peace process has already been started between India and Pakistan thought the guns keep booming on the Siachenglaciers and bayond as well as along the landborder with Pakistan. The release of hundreds of innocent fisherman languishing in Indian and Pakistani jails for years is a welcome sign. So is the invitation of a direct Delhi-Lahore bus service and relaxation of Visa restrictions. Friendly exchange in education, sports and calture too are part of the CBMS. Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee rightly points out, once the two estranged neighbours develop enough trust in each other, solution of larger and more enduring problems including Kashmir, would be easier.

177. ...., ...., .-.., ...., KARGIL ISSUE. MOHAN (Saumitra) Kargilization of Indo-Pak relations. Politics India. 4, 2-3; 1999, August, September; 18-19. Indo-Pak relations also seem to be suffering from the same Sisyphean curse as the recent flareup in Kargil Indicates. The entire country led by Atal Behari Vajpayee were raising toasts to the success of the bus to Lahore and consequent Lahore Declaration. Pakistan was engaged in dispatching its troops to the icy heights of Kargil. Though India has remonstrated against this breach of trust, the recent flareup in Kargil exposes in sharp relief the chinks in our defence armor. Even though Kargilization of Indo-Pak relation has

133 dealt a heavy blow to the bilateral relations. India should not completely lose hope. So India should strengthen it security apparatus, the should simultaneously engage in confidence building measures with Pakistan. After all there is no substitute for peace. Hopefully the saner elements in that country would prevail upon the leadership there to usher in a strong bilateral relationship.

178. —-, -—, —-, —-, KASHMIR ISSUE. RAGHAVAN (K.). being from Kashmir. Outlook. 5, 11; 1999, March, 29; 8. The author had expected that the real break through in Indo-Pak relations has to be achieved, it's important to address the Kashmir issue first, it went ahead with a plebiscite befor taking over Sikkim. It's time was showed manageminity to kashmir by declaring a plebiscite under U.N. observers. Let's right the wrong our rulers commited in 1949.

179. SUMANTRA BOSE, Kashmir : Sources, of Conflict, Dimension of Peace. Economic and Political Weekly. 34, 13; 1999, March, 27; 762-78. The article identifies and develops essential elements of a multidimensional approach to gradually, incrementally de-escalate the Kashmir conflict. It first pin points the essential features of that conflict, stressing that the problem has both exogenous source in the form of the broader regional conflict between India and Pakistan and

134 endogenous sources, in the form of the existence of several fundamentally different political allegiances and preferences among the socially heterogeneous population of Kashmir. The Indo-Pak relations following the Atal Behari Vajpayee Shuttle bus diplomacy to Pakistan and Nawaz Sharif retur visit to India. The article develops one by one three interlocking dimensions of an alternative peace building approach which takes account of the complex intersection of multiple, comulating doemstic and international factor that collectively define the contemporary Kashmir problem.

180. -—, -—, —-, INDO-RUSSIA, STRENGTHENED. JOSHI (Manoj). Old Friends Calling. India Today. 14, 1; 1999, January, 4; 21. The article deals with the visit of russian Priminister and Shri lankan President & refocus on India's traditional alliances. Russian Priminister yevgeny Primakor paid a tow- day visit to India that reaffirmed the continuing friendship between the two countries despite the trails of a post cold war world. Durning the business like two-day visit the Russian leader and his Indian counter part signed six agreements designed to stabilise their post cold war economic and political relations and a seventh to confirm and extend, despite considerable American pressure, their military technical cooperation agreement till the year 2010. Declaration of Strategic partnership to be signed at the next summit, possible 1999, which would getnew parameters and guide the progress of Indo-Russian partnership. A

135. agreement on economic, industrial and financial cooperation. Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee could honestly till his Russian guest, Relations with Russia are a matter of national consinsus and enjoy all party support In India. With Sri Lanka things have already got off the ground especially the free trade agreement.

181. —., .—, .—, SINO-INDO. DHAR (M.K.). Trusty Neighbours. Nation and the World. 8, 160; 1998, June, 16; 30-32. The articles deals with India's neighbours in nuclear determent capability and acquired the status of a nuclear power in its own right. Indian should remain engaged in pursuit of universal and complete disarmament and developing relation with other countries, US, Russia and China particularly though Pakistan, the most trouble some neighbour, remain a difficult case while making out a case for higher allocation for defence to improve the battle worthines of cash-starved armed forces, Fernandes need not underline the considered policy course adopted by successive governments to improve Sino-lndian relations. The BJP Government must also work for strengthening friendship with neighbours and maintaining peace and tranquility along its borders. Former chief General Sunders had earlier calculated that a battery of 30 Agni and 45 Buthvi missiles with nuclear pay loads would adequate for deterrent capabilities. But now the estimate has gone up to 45 Agni and 80 Prithvi batteries in the hope that the Vajpayee

136 government will find resources for these project. India is committed to constructive and cooperative relationship with China, eliminating differences and promoting understanding, hoping China will show sensitivity towards its concerns. 182. MALHOTRA (Inder). After Kargil. Sunday. 26, 31; 1999, August, 1-7; 25. The article deals with India's relation with both the US and China reaching turning point. Kargil has been from our point of view, a turning point. The rellentless manner in which Bill Clinton forced Nawaz Sharif to withdraw force from the Indian side of the LOC speaks for itself. This combined with the distressing history of relationship between the world's most pwerful and most popular democracies. America influences all the major diplomatic dynamics across the globe. In both investment and trade it is India's biggest partner. An adversaries relationship with it is not in this country's interest. The US would want a quid proquo for better relations, most probably in the nuclear field specifically in the form of signatures on the CTBT in the first place. India needs good relation with both the superpower and the most powerful neighbour on realistic not illusory, terms.

183. -—, —., —, -—, DETERIORATED. ACHARYA (Alka), Sino-lndian Relations since Pokhran-ll. Economic and Political Weekly. 34, 23; 1999, June, 5-11; 1397-1400. The article deals with the India-China relation having

137 deteriorated after India's nuclear explosions. Both countries have different and divergent views on the causes and solutions to the imbroglio. Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee believes that China should be more sensitive to its security and strategic concerns. China feel that the onus lies with India to make good the damage done. India expects China to be more sensitive to its security and strategic concerns. It is possible for the two countries to temporarily shelve problems which are intractable and improve bilateral relations by other means.

184. —, —-, REMOVAL, BHANDARI. MUKERJI (Debashish). The leack behind the apology. The Week. 17, 12; 1999, March, 7; 38. Author express his views about how Advani's men used a section of the media to try and remove Bhandari as Bihar Governor. Once more Advani pressed the need to replace Bhandari and was trongly backed by Fernandes. But Sinha curiously refused to take sides at the meeting called by Vajpayee, maintaining he had learnt that some of the names suggested for key posts by Advani were those of Laloo Yadav's loyalists. Bhandari contacted Advani on phone and pointed out that he had been speaking to Advani on various matters every day since presidents rule was imposed but he had been given no inkling at all Advani reportedly responded and named the friendly newspaper. It was finally who played mediator. She visited Bhandari and worked out the details of the public apology

138 Advani finally delivered closing the chapter, where he clarified that his comments on a political administration were no rellection on the abilities or administration competence of Bhandari.

185. —-, -—, RIVER, WATERS ISSUE. SUBRAMANIAN (T.S.) Cauvery water tusseles. Frontline. 16, 21; 1999, October, 9-22; 108-110. The article deals with Karnataka refuses to release cauvery water to tamil Nadu as recommended by committee of the cauvery river authority and the two governments trade charges, the situation in the delta areas remains grim, with the Kuruvai crop and samba nurseries in risk of withering. The August 7, 1998 agreement signed by the Chief Ministers of tamil Nadu, karnataka, Pondichery and Kerala in the presence of Prime Minister Vajpayee was projected as a mechanism that would resolve the dispute between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The Cauvery Basin Said on September 28, that 17 tmeft of water was required over the next for night to save the standing Kuruvai Crops, and that the total requirement for cultivation in the delta until January 2000 would be 150 tmeft.

186. MENON (Parvathi). Unresolved Issues. Frontline. 16, 21; 1999, October, 9-22; 111-112. Karnata's refusal to abide by the recommendations of the Monitoring Committee of the Cauvery River Authority show up the limitations of the agreement reached last year.

139 Tamil Nadu's demand for water on an urgent footing to save the standing kuruvai Crops in the Cauvery delta was turned down by Karnataka on the grounds that the water stored in Karnataka's reservoirs was insufficient to meet its own irrigation and drunking water needs. The Cauvery River Authority (CRA) should utilise the "peace time", (when there is enough water in the reservoirs) to work out a range of options of sharing water during scarcity.

187. —-, —-, SECULAR POLICY, HINDUTVA. HAQUE (Mohd. Zeyaul). Secular in Srinagar, Communal in Ayodhya. Nation and the World. 8, 164; 1998, August, 16; 45-46. The author expresses his views about L.K. Advani faces a crisis of credibility while reconciling his Jammu & Kashmir and Ayodhya stances. There was nothing really to write then without being suspected as a Muslim opposed to Hindus or as a communist opposed to Muslims or as a VHP agent opposed to unity. L.K. Advani an accused in the Babri Masjid demolition is the Union Home Minister now and the remark of late Pandit Kamlapati Tripathi about BJP- HP double talk has come true after they broke the promise to protect the mosque made before the supreme court, National Integration Council and Parliament. Advani Home Minister knows that only secular policy can work in the sensitive states of Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab and North- East and he is trying to be secular in handling these areas. The secular stance has to be seen all over India.

140 188. -—,.—, STABILITY PLANK. DESAI (Radhika). The 'stability' plank. Frontline. 16, 11; 1999, June, 4; 40-42. Stability in any case a natural plank of any party of the Right, proved most useful. Masking its hideous communalism, stability became the respectable face of the BJP. The new political discourse certain around the slogan of stability signals the demise of the political will to appose the Bhartiya Janata Party on principle. The BJP led government's 13 months in power have ironically demonstrated how its anti-secularism are parts of a much larger authoritarian and dictatorial edifice. The BJP is almost certain to be the winner in the "stability" stakes. BJP had mad "stability" its own distinctive plank its branded, political stock in trade, convincing the relevant class that other parties are unlikely to do better. The coming elections will feature sordid spectacles of the most foul and unseemly alliances and collusions and the most be wildering competitions over who can offer more stability. The BJP is already bridling at constitutional and customary restraint by rejecting the nation of a "caretaker" Government.

189. —., .—, STEP DOWN, MANDIR, AGENDA. NAYAR (Kuldip). BJP Beats about the bush. Radiance. 32, 41; 1998. October, 5-11; 8. All the 49 who have been indicted should step down. The forty nine top leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Rashtriya Swajamsewak Sangh and allied organisations such

141 as the Shiv Sena and Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) have been held guilty of conspiring to demolish the Babri Masjid. All wear Hindutva on their sleeves and run down secularism. Atal Behari Vajpayee has put party above principle. He says the grounds for the charges are flimsy and that the case is wrong and politically motivated. That the Masjid was demolished stone by stone, with security forces quietly watching, is an accepted fact. The judge says the Criminal conspiracy began in 1990 and culminated on December 6, 1992. His pronouncement minces no words while Vajpaye is equivocal and full of holes. In their statements on Varanasi and Mathura, Advani and Vajpayee have said many a time that the mosque are not on the party's agenda.

190. —-, —-, STRATEGY. GOYAL (D.R.). Vajpayee and RSS strategy. Nation and the World. 8, 175; 1999, February, 1; 30-33. The article indicates that the end of a lack listre period of ten months in office Atal Behari Vajpayee has started efforts to brush up his image. Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee has asserted his authority, van quished the party president Khusbhu Thakre and forced the national executive to change its resolutions. Thakre declared that the BJP would not exercise remote control over the government that Vajpayee in driver's seat would be the final authority to determined the direction of the government. Vajpayee is as much a lame duck leader as the government he heads. He has already declared his intention to quit parliamentary

142 politics here after. And when the RSS controlled government is formed with a clear majority the Mukhota would not be required any more.

191. -—, -—, .—, REVIVAL. CHAWLA (Prabhu). Recipe for Revival. India Today. 23, 35; 1998, August, 31; 32. The aticle indicates Vajpayee should realise that only drastic steps work. After five months office Priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee finds himself in an unenuiable position. His government is in peril and political instability and economic stagnation continue to plague the country, it is the week after the 51st Independence Day he had held several strategy sessions with his close aides and this is their prescribtion. Having just crossed his 150th day in office Vajpayee is fast realising that it is no longer India's elite that is disenchanted with his performance. People across the country are questioning his government's ability to deliver. If the priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee believe that less government is better government he is in for a surprise.

192. —, —-, SWADESHI, COMMITMENT. SHIVA (Vandana). BJP on swadeshi : The Great 'U' Turn. Nation and the World. 8, 159; 1998, June, 1; 39-41. The article deals with two of India's well known environmentalists are sceptical about swadeshi commitments of the BJP. The recent decisions of the BJP led government

143 have caused consternation in the mind of people who were brought up to believe that the BJP would base its government policies on a strong swadeshi plank. The BJP government could have studied the Issue and taken a longterm decision in national interest rather than a short term adhoc response purely to get good marks from WTO. On the domestic from the Aquaculture Authority Bill (AAB) which died ignoble death under the last government is being resurrected by the BJP led government to protect the very interests that were defended earlier by the united fron and the congress. All will involve critical swadeshi component and the national agenda about which there can be no dispute. These decision would indicate whether the BJP can be trusted to defend the country's interest or sell them down the drain. The issues are as follows : Patents Bill, Biodiversity legislation, farmers' right act, Export of Meat and Raw Hides, Food, Grain Import. The BJP government has already failed test as far as food imports are concerned. It has continues the mindless decisions of the lastgovernment to import wheat, this time from Australia, to the determinent of India's formers.

193. —, —, —-, CONTRADICTIONS. PATNAIK (Prabhat) . The contradictions of swadeshi. Frontline. 15, 11; 1998, June, 5; 92. The author expresses his views on the assertion that may appear stronge at first sight since the BJP has come to power on a slogan of swadeshi. But swadeshi whether of

144 the BJP variety or even in its most ideal from imaginable, represents an untenable programme. The ideal of any coherent swadeshi programme is to make domestic capitalists emerge as autonomous players in the global arena with state support and this cannot possible happen unless certain structural changes we made in the country. These change are unacceptable to the existing classes.

194. ...., ..-., TELECOM POLICY. SHAMEEM FAIZEE. A loot of the Exchequer with Priminister's Connivance. New Age. 47, 29; 1999, July, 18- 24; 1. The article deals with the forth coming Lok Sabha election compaign of the BJP led National Democratic Alliance will basically be financed by the private Telecom operators who have been given helty concessions by the caretaker regime. It is believed that the changes in the Telecom policy announced by the Vajpayee government will cause a loss of baout 1,00.000 crore rupees to the public exchequer and the metro operators alone will get about Rs 50,000 crore rupees from the change over.

195. —-, -—, TEMPLE ISSUE. KIDWAI (Anser). BJP's Misrule Doublespeak Speaks. Nation and the World. 8, 166; 1998, September, 16; 8-9. The article deals with BJP components over the moves for rewriting history the Sangh parivar's double speak on the temple construction issue, rehabilitation of Gods and the

\4i repression of the minorities in the BJP rules state of Gujarat. The ignoming of its 13 day stint got washed out by a curious turn of for tune. At the party to party level the presence George Fernands as the Samata luminary In the new set up has been indicative of his own part as well as of the BJP. The wheel turned full circle when a more sedate devote of the socialist movement, R.K. Hegde threw his lot with the BJP. The BJP along with its post poll and pre poll partners remains a minority outfit. The solution is compounded by the daily ultimations issued by the mercurial Jayalalitha threatening the survival of the dispensation. The BJP as leading player would appear to have earned a reprieve for the movement.

196. -—, -—, TEST BAN TREATY. BHARDWAJ (Brij). Vajpayee on Cloud Nine. Nation and the World. 8, 160; 1998, June, 16; 24. Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee who was sometime ago described by one of his colleague as looking "jaided and tired" is now riding high on cloud nine. Yes the series of nucleur explosions at Pokhran in Rajasthan has done wonders to the morale of the two month old government at the centre and for the country as well. There is not doubt that the BJP government's decision to use nuclear option has given a new lease of life to the government. The BJP government has done well to soften the blow by talking about India's willingness to sign test ban treaty along with the announcements of the test, it

146 obviously gives two options to Americans they can either go ahead with sanctions as done in the past or negotiate fresh agreements India has to be prepared to pay the price after all the cost of entering exclusive club of supr powers is very high. The defence minister George Fernandes while raising the issue of India's security concerns with respect to China. India having proved its point can now offer to under taken never to be first to use nuclear weapons.

197. —-, —-, TREATY, MAHAKALI, INDO-NEPAL. GYAWALI (Dipak). Mahakali impase and Indo-Nepal water conflict. Economic and Political Weekly. 34, 9; 1999, February, 27; 553-61. The article attempts to put into perspective the complex set of events that led to the signing of the treaty and to understand and the dynamics of Napal-lndia water conflict in the last three years. The Mahakali Treaty between India and Nepal was signed and rammed through the Napal Parliament is extreme haste, pushing a side all the serious doubts that were raised about the dam, highest rockfill dam in the world in the seismic Himalayas. Indian priminister Atal Behari Vajpayee in Delhi on September 19, 1998 had assured him that they would cooperate in furthering the Mahakali Treaty as they had done during its ratification. They assumed him that they were doing not for petty interests or a few billion rupees but for furthering friendship and bilateral relation with India.

147 198. —., --, WAR DECISION, PRIME MINISTER. AKBAR (MJ). The silence of the sacrifical lamb. Blitz. 54, 77; 1999, June, 20; 3. The author says that every Indian is deeply angry with Pakistan. The most important war decision that prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee may have taken in the last fornight is to telt George Fernandes to keep his mouth shut. The dividends of this decision are already becoming visible; the government believes that it is no longer haemorrhaging on the war issue. As a reward for good behaviour, Geroge is going to be showered with occasional complements by Mr. Advani.

199. —, —, WOOING MUSLIMS. MUZAFFAR ASSADI. Wooing Muslims : BJP's Minorities Conference. Economic and Political Weekly. 33.; 23; 1998, June 6-12; 1367-69. The author discuss about the BJP is attempting to attact Muslims to its fold using several means: it is projecting the nuclear scientist Abdul Kalam as the quintessential new Muslims; it has attempted to appropriate Tippu Sultan, a fonner ruler of Mysore who is something of an Icon to the state's Muslims and most importantly it is selectively calling for the implementation of the recommendations of the Goodawala and the Rahman Khan commissions which sought to better, the conditions of the minorities in the state. The BJP has a long way to go to establish a strong base among the minorities particularly the Muslims.

148 200. -—, —-, YATRA, VHP-BAJRANG DAL, CHICKMANGLUR. GAURI LANKESH. Ayodhya, once more. Sunday. 25, 49; 1999, December, 13-19; 23. The article deals with the saffron brigade, tries to reclaim a place of worship in Chickmanglur. But a recent yatra organised by Vishwa Hindu Preshad and the Bajrang Dal to reclaim the place for performing rites according to the Hindu religion has vitiated the atmosphere, if the government does not sort out the issue soon enough the dargah might well go the way of the mosque at Ayodhya. That the VHP and the Bajarang Dal religious and activist wings of the BJP have for long sought to commullalise issue in the state makes their highly suspect. On 3 December 10,000 saffron clad activists of the VHP and the Bajarang Dal marched to the dargah, hoisted saffron flags on the hill and demanded that idols of Dattatreya and Ganesha be installed inside the shine. Though the Hindu fundmantalists created a communal frenzy over the reclaiming of the dargah for the community the lagely Hindu population of Chickmanglur opted to stay away from the yatras.

149 / N ?ART THREE IMDEX I J AUTHOR INDEX

NAME OF AUTHOR ENTRY NO.

ACHARYA (Alka) - 183 AGHA(Qamar) - 110 AHSAN(M.H.) - 4 AIYAR (Manishankar) - 21, 73, 83 AKBAR (M.J.) - 198 AJAZAHMAD - 130 AMITBARUAH - 23,48,118 ANSAR (IqbalA.) - 163 ANEJA(Atul) - 82 ASGHAR (Ali) - 61 AVIJITPATHAK - 100 BANA (Sarosh) - 143 BANERJEE (Subrata) - 153,160 BARDHAN(A.B.) - 152,167 BAWEJA (Harinder) - 76,79 BHADRA (Gyan) - 3 BHARDWAJ (Brif) - 59,196 BHARAT (Ahluwalia) - 56 BIDWAI (Praful) - 108,124 CHAKRABATI (Ashis) - 20 CHAKRAVARTI (Sudeep) - 169 CHANDRASEKHAR(C.P.) - 121 CHATTERJEE (Partha) - 139

150 CHAWLA (Prabhu) 191 CHENGAPPA (Raj) 87,154 CHERIAN (John) 115,159 CHOPRA (Subash) 74 DHAR(M.K.) 116,181 DESAI (Radhika) 188 DESHINGKAR(Giri) 157 EQBAL (Ahmad) 26 ESWARAN (V.V.) 36,164 GAURI LANKESH 200 GOYAL(D.R.) 190 GHOSE (Arabinda) 37 GHOSE (Jayati) 89,172. GIDWANI (Vinaykrishan) 126,132 GILLAL (Michael) 7 GUHA (Seema) 101 GYAWALI (Dipak) 197 HAQUE(MohdZeyaul) 187 HAROONHABIB 14 JAYARAMAN 135 JAHANGIR (Rahman) 15 JOSHI (Manoj) 114,148,149,180 JOSHI (Ishan) 24 JOSHI (Anuja) 140 KHARE (Harish) 17 KAPOOR (Sanjay) 51,69.144,171 KIDWAI (Anser) 8.28,52,57,104,111,195 KUNJU (N) 80,147

151 LAKDAWALA(M.Hanif) - 103 MAHADEVAN(H) - 11 MAHANTI (Subodh) - 106 MAHFUZANAM - 12 MALHOTRA (Inder) - 68,75,158,182 IQBALMASUD - 72 MEHTA(Ashok) - 128 MENON(S.M.) - 123 MENON(N.C.) - 34 MOHAN (Saumitra) - 177 MUKERJI (Debashish) - 1,64,71,165,173,184 MURALIDHARAN (Sukumar) - 99 MURTHY (Sachidananda) - 43 MUZAFFAR ISLAM - 16 NAGARAJ (B.S.) - 31,45 NAJMI (Quied - 84 NAQVI (Naseem) 162 NAYAR (Kuldip) - 30,53,54,65,66,67,70,78, 96,97,107,112,119,175,189 NOORANI (A.G.) - 92 PALSHIKAR(Suhas) - 49 PAMELA PHILIPASE - 77 PARVATI - 186 PATNAIK(Prabhat) - 193 PHADNIS (Aditi) - 2,155 PILLAI (Sreedhar) - 40 PRASANNAN{R) - 86,136 PURI(Balraj) - 166

152 RAGHAVON (K) 178 RAINA(R) 9,146 RAJA(D) 109 RAM (N) 122,127 RAS (Rama) 133 RAMDAS (L) 88 REKHI (Shefali) 161 ROY (Arundhat) 141 SAGAR(S.G.) 105 SAKSENA (Rashmi) 27 SAROSH (Bana) 129 SAURABH KATIAL 82 SEN (Mohit) 156 SHARMA (Narendra) 113 SHIVA (Vardana) 192 SHUKHLA (Rajiv) 29, 93 SUKUMAR (Muralidharan) 63 SINGH (Rai) 134 SONI (Thengamam) 168 PILLAI (Sreedhar) 39 SHAMEEM FAIZEE 50,55,62,194 SUBRAMANIAN (T.S.) 185 SUMANTRABOSE 179 SUNDERAJAN(P) 171 SWAMI(Praveen) 94 TEWARI (Pradeep) 91 THOMAS (K.M.) 47 VANAIK (Achin) 131

153 VASFI (Ausaf Saied) - 98,102 VAJPAYEE (A.B.) - 90 VENKATESAN(V) - 38,41,42,44,60 VIR(Sanghvi) - 85 VYASULU (Vinod) - 10 TITLE INDEX

NAME OF TITLE ENTRY NO.

Abkibaari Atal Ki Baari 162 AfterKargil 182 After Lahore Declaration 119 After me the deluge says Vajapyee 109 Agni Pariksha 128 And quiet flows the Cauvery 44 Atmosphere of Ennui looms large 175 Authority on test 38 Averager and Admiral 85 Ayodhya Bomb 173 Ayodhya, Once more 200 B Bardhan appeals secular parties to unite to deaft BJP. 91 Bangladesh for enhancement of bilateral relations 19 Being from Kashmir 178 Beyond : From transparency to arms control 120 Bhagwat primer 83 Blast Em All 129 Blending swadesh with reforms 174 BJP and the bomb 159 BJP and its ideology on the road to oblivion 103 BJP and Transformation of opposition politics in West Bangal 7 BJP Beats about the bush 189 BJP double-talk, double-deal, under sherperfocus 102

155 BJP's First budget 10 BJP fully in politicising security, foreign policy 95 BJP Looking for new supporters 66 BJP's Misrule double speak speaks 195 BJP on Swadeshi 192 BJP's Performance your being watched 57 BJP's projects 92 BJP regimes wo not build Ram Mandir 4 BJP's Self deception 62 BJP's Some soult on Bhandari beat all norms 65 BJP and stability 61 BJP stammers at an agenda for governance 50 Bomb and the economy 172 Bread, not bomb 147 Break down 76 Break down 35 Breakthrough in Cauvery Row 11 Budget 1998-99 Budget to nuke reforms process 144 Bungel in Kargil 94 Bus brings back the spirit of'71' 18 Bus to Bangladesh 15 Bus diplomacy 107 Bus journey of Pakistan 22 Bus to Pakistan 23 c Calming the water 46 Cauvery card 39

156 Cauvery conundrum 41 Cauvery : Deal on, not quite 31 Cauvery 37 Cauvery : Rain save the day for Vajpayee 45 Cauvery water dispute 36 Cauvery wate tussle 185 Coalition on hold 63 Colombo diary 78 Contradiction at the centre 54 Controdictions of swadeshi 193 Core issue 75 Crisis in Kargil 110 Crossing Rubicon 131 100 Days of BJP led government 53 D Dead lock 79 Death of Lahore declaration 116 Declaration and after 118 Delhi, Dhaka get on board 20 Delhi-Lahore bus service from March 16 25 Dhaka-Calcutta bus trial run on April 6 14 Dhak repices a bus reaches city 13 Did not miss the bus 30 E Economic effect of the BJP 89 End of imagination 141 Enemies in need could bring peace 26 Equanting Technological progress with nuclear bombs 157

157 Euphoria and reality 150 Expansion slots 93 F Fight the price rise to save your family 167 Friendly bus streers towards peace 28 Friendship betrayed 111 Foreign hand 84 From balancing act the bus 1 From crisis to crisis 127 From nuclear adventurism to appeasement 127 Fruld situation 43 Future fire 154 Future for some lession for others 164 G Glimpse of Hindutva at the centre 98 Going full Blast 136 Great Onion disaster 161 H Hawkish India 149 Hindu bomb 146 Hindutva card never pad off to BJP 3 Hindutva and 'month-eaten' governance 100 Hindutva takeover of ICHR 99 Hindutva weapons 130 Hope in spring 27 How we loved the bomb and later rued it 139 1 1 India's Nuclear tests : Loss of Moral Stature and coverage 132 India as sixth nuclear weapons state 134 Indo-Bangia ties strengthened 17 India conducts 3 nuclear tests 133 India conducts nuclear test 145 India is not the BJP 96 Indian navy in murky waters 80 Indian as nuclear power 125 India's nuclear tests 126 India, Pak to exchange civilian prisoners today 48 Indo-Pak nuclear confrontation, US inspired 153 India, Pak sign MOU 6 Indo-Pak talks charade tirme for give and take 74 K Kargil Adds to BJP's woes 113 Kargilization of Indo-Pak relations 177 Kashmir: Source of conflict, Dimensions of peace 179 Kicking up a row 52 L Lackbehind the apology 184 Lock of experience, ideas hounds BJP 67 Lahore and beyond 115 Lahore declaration and nuclear issues 135 Last hurdle in setting cauvery raw removed 32 Loot of the exchequer with PM's convenience 194 M Mahakali impase and Indo-Nepal water conflict 197 Major break through in cauvery water issue 34 Malady in U.P. Man who never close in mouth 141

159 Manipulative politics onctinues 49 Mission accomplished 165 N Nailing of a minister 86 National interest 158 Navy, nation and National Security 88 Need for rejuvenating the economy 90 New twist to Bhagwat issue 81 New twist in coalition politics 59 Not by opportunism 100 No thank your for the PM 56 Nuclear explosions and after 152 Nuclear fallout 156 Nuclear gamble 137 Nuclear imperium and its vassal kings 123 Nuclear racism 143 Nuclear shock waves 148 Nuclear statis to quill militancy 171 Nuclear weaponisation 138 o Old Friends calling 180 One year after Pokhran 151 Onion price increase 1,000 percent 168 "Our" separation with "them" 72 P Peace pledge 114 Peace ride 24 Perils of nuclear adventurism 122 Persisting worries 60

160 Police reform in India 163 Politics of BJP's nuclear weapons strategy 160 Political budget 9 Post-Pokhran policy for Kashmir 166 PM's Double-speak on the temple issue 55 PM's Historic visit to Pakistan 106 PM Sick, but government is sicker 51 Punished 8 R Recipe for revival 191 Regional cooperation 68 Ride to Dhaka 16 Rising prices 169 Roleof the monitoring committee 42 s Sacking saga 82 Secular in Srinagar, Communal in Ayodhya 187 Seeking a paradigm shift 124 Silence of the sacrificial lamb 198 Sino-lndian Relations since Pokhran II 183 Similing Dharmaraj 142 Stability plank 188 State of Indo-Pak ties 176 Sustain the success 29 Swadeshi route to liberalisation 121 T Telecom 69 Thaw 73 TN approve draft 33 161 Totter Totter Creak Creak 2 Toward peace 155 Trading charges 87 Trade weels 12 Trick or treat 47 Troubled waters 40 Trustthy neigiibours 181 Two prime ministers give friendship a chance 77 u Unresolved issues 186 V Vajpayee and RSS strategy 190 Vajpayee's bus lomacy 21 Vajpayee's bus ride 117 Vajpayee for governance, not politics 104 Vajpayee in Lahore on historical visit 101 Vajpayee : Means to end 70 Vajpayee on cloud nine 196 Vajpayee pushes his "Foul" thesis 5 Vajpayee takes part in a community meal 170 w Who are the infiltrators 112 Will the bus move on 105 With in a month BJP bares itself 58 Wobbly winner 64 Wooing Muslims 200

162 SUBJECTS INDEX

NAME OF SUBJECTS ENTRY NO A BJP, GOVERNMENT, ACHIEVEMENTS 1 .._.^ _..._...._ INDEPENDENCE 2 —, —, AGENDA, DEMOLITION, BABRI MASJID 3 —.______RAM MANDIR 4 _—______—_ WOOING MUSLIMS 5 —, —, AGREEMENT, INDO-PAK 6 —, -—, ALLIANCE, REGIONAL 7 —,—-, ASSEMBLE ELECTION 8 B —, —-, BUDGET 9,10 —, —-, BUDGET, PUBLICSECTOR 11 —-, —-, BUS SERVICE, CALCUTTA-DHAKE 12-20 —._...._ ...._ DELHI-LAHORE 21-30 c —, —-, CAUVERY SETTLEMENTS, TAMIL NADU-KARNATAKA 31-47 —, —, CIVILIAN-PRISONERS 48 ______COALITION 48 ______-..______AGENDA 50,51 -___—._...__ AGREEMENT 52 —-, -—, -—, COMMUNALISM 53 —______CONTRADICTION 54

163 —-, DISAGREE, MANDIR-MASJID ISSUE 55 —-, ECONOMY, KICKSTART 56 —-, PERFORMANCE 57 —-, POLITICS 58,59 —-, PROBLEMS 60 —_ —, STABILITY PLANK 61 -—, SELF DECEPTION 62 —-, SURVIVAL 63, 64 —, SUSTAINED 65 —-, COMPROMISE 66 —-, CONCENCES ISSUES 67 —, COOPERATION; INDO-SINO, MEETING, FICCI 68 CRISIS TELECOM 69 CORRUPTION CHARGES 70-71 D DEMOLITION BABRIMASJID 72 DIALOGUE, INDO-PAK 73-74 -—,-—, AGREEMENT 75 —-, —-, COLUMBO 76 —-, PM, INDO-PAK 77 —-, PM, VAJPAYEE-SHARIF 78 —-, —, VAJPAYEE (AB)-SHARIF (NAWAZ) 79 DISMISSAL, BHAGWAT (VISHNU 80-86 —-, —, CORRUPTION CHARGES 87 —-,-—, NATIONAL SECURITY 88

—,-—, ECONOMIC RISiS 89 —, —, ECONOMIC GROWTH, INVESTMENT 90

164 —_ —, ELECTION PLANK 91,92 —, —, EXPLANTATION, CABINET 93 F —, —, FAILURE, KARGIL ISSUE 94 —, —, FOREIGN POLICY, SECURITY 95 H —, —, HINDU-MUSLIM RIOTS 96 —, —, HINDUTVA, AGENDA 97 —, —, HINDUTVA. GLIMPSE 98 —_ —, —_ ICHR 99 —, —, HINDUTVA, POLITICS 100 —, —, HISTORICAL BUS JOURNEY, DELHI-LAHORE 101 —,—, HYPOCRISY, PHYLOSOPHY STREGIES 102 1 1 —, —, IDEOLOGY, HINDUTVA 103, 104 —, —, INDO-PAK RELATION, BUS SERVICE, DELHI-LAHORE 105, 106 —-, -—,-—, —-, -—, MUTUAL CONFIDENCE 107 —, —, INTERNATIONAL RIVALRY 108 —-, — INTRUDERS, KARGIL 109 K —, — KARGIL ISSUE 110, 111 —, —,—, INFILTRATORS 112 —,—,-—, STRATEGIES 113 L BJP, GOVERNMENT, LAHORE DECLARATION 114-117 —._ —_...__ INDO-PAK, AGREEMENT 118 -—, —,—, —, MUTUAL CONFIDENCE 119

165 —_ —_—._ RESTRAINT 120 —, —, LIBERALISATION, IMPORT 121 N —, —, NUCLEAR POLICY, AFFECTED 122 —_ —,_—_ CTBT 123 —, —,-—, INDIA 124 —, —, NUCLEAR POWER, IRONY, INDIA 125 —, —, NUCLEAR PROGRAMME. CONSEQUENCES, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL 26 —_ —, NUCLEAR TESTS, AFTER EFFECTS 127 —-, —,—-, AGNI 128 —^ —,—-_ CODEMNATION 129 —^ —,—_ CONSENSUS, HINDUTVA 130 —^ —______CRUCIAL PHASE 131 ....^ —___._^ DISTRESS 132 ______.__,___._ FISSION DEVICE 133 _____.._.___.__ iNPT, CTBT JAPAN 134 ...__ _._-_...__ LAHORE DECLARATION 135 _____ ...__.-_._ NEXT STEP, MISSILE, SURYA 136 ...._ _.-._...._ NUCLEAR WEAPON STATE, INDIA 137 _____ —______PEACE, THREAT, SOUTH ASIA 138 —_ —______POKHRAN 139-142 —_ —_—_ —_ BUDGET 143-144 —______FISSION DEVICE 145 —, —,-—, —-, HYSTERIA, CONSENSUS, POLITICAL 146 ______„____.______POLITICAL PLAY 147 ______STATUS INDIA 148 —_ —______THREAT DEMOCRACY 149

166 — —_—_ PRESSURE, WASHINGTON 150 —^ —_—, SHAKTI-1998 151, 152 BJP, GOVT. NUCLEAR TESTS, STRATEGY, SECURITY 153 —^ —,—, TEST BAN TREATY 154 —_ —_—_ THREATENED, WORLD PEACE 155 —_ —_„.., WORLD PEACE 156 —, —, NUCLEAR WEAPONS, INTERNATIONAL POWER 157 ...__ —_—_ POWER 158, 159 —, —, NUCLEAR WEAPONS, TESTS, VIOLATION, INTERNATIONAL LAW 160 o —,—.ONION CRISIS 161 P —, —, PERFORMANCE 162 —, —, POLICE REFORM INDIA 163 —, —, POLITICAL UNCERTAINITY 164 —, —-, POLITICAL SCENARIO 165 —, —, POST-POKHRAN POLICY, KASHMIR, DEBATE, GROUPS, ETHNICS AND RELIGIOUS 166 -—,-—, PRICE HICKES 167 —_ — „.._ ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES 168 —-, —, PRICE RISE 169 —, —, PROGRAMME, HOUSING, VASUNDHARA YOJANA, UP 170 —, —, —, NUCLEAR, THREAT ALTER, MILITANCY INTERNAL SECURITY 171 —-, —,—, NUCLEAR WEAPON, ECONOMY 172 R —, —, RAMTEMPLE, CONSTRUCTION 173

167 —, —, REFORMS, BLENDING, SWADESHI 174 —, —, REGIONAL PARTIES 175 —. —, RELATION, INDO-PAK, FRIENDLY 176 —_ —______—_ KARGIL ISSUE 177 ______KASHMIR ISSUE 178,179 —, —, RELATION, INDO-RUSSIA, STRENGTHENED 180 —_ —______SINO-INDIA 181-82 —, —-, REMOVAL, BHANDARI 184 —, —. RIVER WATER ISSUE 185, 186 s —, —, SECULAR POLICY, HINDUTVA 187 _____—.STABILITY PLANK 188 —, —, STEP DOWN, MANDIR, AGENDA 189 —,—, STRATEGY 190 ______STRATEGIES, REVIVAL 91 —, —, SWADESHI, COMMITMENTS 192 ______CONTRODICTIONS 193 T -—,-—, TELECOM POLICY 194 —-,-—, TEMPLE ISSUE 195 —, —-, TEST BAN TREATY 196 —. —, TREATY MAHAKALI, INDO-NEPAL 197 w —, —, WAR DECISION PM 198 —, —, WOOING MUSLIMS 199 Y —, —, YATRA, VHP-BAJRANGDAL, CHICKMANLUR 200

168 LIST OF PERIODICALS

NAME OF PERIODICALS FREQUENCY PLACE

1. Alive Monthly Delhi 2. Blitz Weekly New Delhi 3. Competition Master Monthly Chandigarh 4. Economic and Political Weekly Weekly Bombay 5. Frontline Fornightly Madras 6. Hindu Daily Madras 7. Hindustan Times Daily New Delhi 8. Indian Express Daily New Delhi 9. Indian Today Weekly New Delhi 10. Main Steam Weekly New Delhi 11. National Herald Daily New Delhi 12. Nation and the World Fornightly New Delhi 13. New Age Weekly New Delhi 14. New Wave Weekly New Delhi 15. Out Look Weekly New Delhi 16. Pioneer Daily New Delh 17. Politics India Monthly New Delhi 18. Radiance Weekly New Delhi 19. Sunday Weekly Calcutta 20. The Week Weekly New Delhi 21. Times of India Daily New Delhi 22. Yojana Monthly Delhi

169