POWER SCHEME WAIKAREMOANA

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 01.07.13 // 30.06.14 14 technical reports ordiscuss matters directly with interested parties. provide asummaryofit.GenesisEnergy ishappyto provide furtherdetails or intention ofthisreport to reproduce orreplicate thisinformation, rather to and agreements thathave fed into thisreport. Asstated above, itisnotthe number oftechnical reports, research programmes, environmental initiatives The report alsoonly provides asummaryofkey result areas. There are a 2014 (hereafter referred to as‘thereporting period’). summarises thekey outcomes for theoperating period1July 2013to 30June this report to reproduce orreplicate thisinformation inanyway,rather it a vast amountoftechnical information collected. Itisnottheintention of The process to renew resource consents waslengthy andcomplicated, with Waikaremoana Power Scheme. of theprocess to renew resource consents for theongoingoperation of the This report provides asummaryof key environmental outcomes arisingout HIGHLIGHTS 1 July 2013–30 June 2014 02 01 INTRODUCTION 02 1.1 Document Overview Tuna Migration Programme Another record number of elvers 02 1.2 Resource Consent Process Overview (68,734) were captured below Piripaua Power Station and 02 1.3 How to use this document transferred to upstream habitats during the reporting period. 02 1.4 Genesis Energy’s Approach Ongoing survey work has helped understand eel population to Environmental Management trends as a result of these transfers. A bank of bright, LED 02 1.4.1 Genesis Energy’s Values spot lights were installed on the Piripaua Intake as an eel 02 1.4.2 Environmental Management System deterrent to migrant tuna and a by-pass was completed on 03 1.4.3 Resource Consents Management System the Whakamarino spillway to provide an alternative safe eel 03 1.4.4 Hydrology passage out of Lake Whakamarino into the Waikaretaheke River 03 1.5 Feedback (see Section 4.2.3). 04 02 WAIKAREMOANA POWER SCHEME Onepoto Siphon It was identified through the WPS Public Safety 05 2.1 Operating the Waikaremoana Power Scheme – Risk Assessment process that the intake area for the Onepoto 05 2.2 Climate and Power Generation Siphon needed to be marked on the lake surface. In early 2014, 06 03 LAKE WAIKAREMOANA Genesis Energy installed four large permanent buoys, chained 07 3.1 Hydrology to weights placed on the lake bed (see Section 5.1.1) 08 3.1.1 Level Trends at Lake Waikaremoana 08 3.2 Ecosystems and Water Quality Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration Trust The Trust has 08 3.2.1 Terrestrial Vegetation remained focused on its core activity, the kiwi project, and 09 3.2.2 Aquatic Vegetation achieved some significant milestones. For example, getting 10 3.2.3 Trout Monitoring the Puketukutuku kiwi population to “carrying capacity’; 10 3.2.4 Ecological Restoration Programme completing the kiwi fence and predator trapping networks on 10 3.3 Sediment (Erosion, Transport and Deposition) Whareama; and beginning translocations of surplus kiwi from 11 3.3.1 Event-Driven Monitoring Puketukutuku to Whareama (see Section 6.1). 12 WAIKARETAHEKE RIVER 04 Schoolgen The Schoolgen programme was introduced and 13 4.1 Hydrology rolled out to Te Kura o Waikaremoana in Tuai. The programme 13 4.1.1 Lake Kaitawa enables children to learn about Renewable Energy and 13 4.1.2 Waikaretaheke River from Kaitawa Spillway to especially solar power through dedicated teaching resources. Lake Whakamarino A 2 kW array of solar panels were installed including a 4kW 14 4.1.3 Lake Whakamarino invertor providing the opportunity to expand the array to 4 kW 14 4.1.4 Waikaretaheke River below Piripaua Power Station if the school wishes to increase the capacity. This is the first 15 4.1.5 Maximum Flows: Waikaretaheke River and Lakes Schoolgen School in the region. (see Section 6.6). Waikaremoana, Kaitawa and Whakamarino 15 4.2 Aquatic Ecosystems and Water Quality 15 4.2.1 Macro-Invertebrates ABBREVIATIONS 17 4.2.2 Waikaretaheke River Trout AER Annual Environmental Report 17 4.2.3 Tuna (eel) Migration Programmes CSR Comprehensive Safety Review 19 4.3 Water Quality DOC Department of Conservation 19 4.3.1 Routine Monitoring ECNZ Electricity Corporation of New Zealand 19 4.3.2 Lake Whakamarino Water Quality Monitoring EMS Environmental Management System 19 4.4 Sediment (Erosion, Transport and Deposition) EPT Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera 20 4.5 Recreation and Tourism (the three insect orders commonly used to test water quality) 20 4.5.1 Piripaua Power Station GPS Global Positioning System 20 4.5.2 Whakamarino Dam GWh Gigawatt hour 22 05 SCHEME-WIDE OUTCOMES kW kilowatt 23 5.1 Scheme-wide Maintenance Activities HBCC Hawkes Bay Canoe Club 23 5.1.1 Onepoto Siphon HBRC Hawkes Bay Regional Council LWHRT Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration Trust 23 5.1.2 Piripaua Transformer Upgrade masl meters above sea level – Moturiki Datum 23 5.2 The Waikaremoana Sportsfish Habitat Enhancement Trust MCI Macro-Invertebrate Community Index 24 5.3 Dam Safety MPI Ministry of Primary Industries 24 5.4 Oil Spill Response MVA Megavolt Amp 24 5.5 Public Complaints MW Megawatt 24 5.6 Publicly Available Hydrology Information NIWA National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research 25 06 COMMUNITY & ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES NZSOLD NZ Society on Large Dams 26 6.1 Lake Waikaremoana Hapu NZTA New Zealand Transport Authority Restoration Trust Partnership QMCI Quantitative Macro-invertebrate Community Index 26 6.2 Whio Forever RECC Renewable Energy Control Centre 27 6.3 Waikareiti Biodiversity Project RCMS Resource Consent Management System SPI Submerged Plant Indicators 27 6.4 Lake Waikaremoana Challenge WERP Waikaremoana Ecological Restoration Programme 28 6.5 Aquatic Weeds WHOINE Whio Nest Egg project 29 6.6 Schoolgen WPS Waikaremoana Power Scheme 29 6.7 Wader Safety Training WSHET Waikaremoana Sportsfish Habitat Enhancement Trust 30 07 KEY OBJECTIVES 31 7.1 Review of Key Objectives for 2013-14 32 7.2 Key Objectives for 2014-15 32 08 REFERENCES

Front cover photo: One of four kiwi released on Whareama Peninsula during the translocation from Puketukuku Peninsula.

Back cover photo: LWHRT staff constructing the fish trap on the Waikaretaheke with Fish & Game Officers Matt Osborne and Anthony Van Dorp 01 INTRODUCTION agreed. Forty-five resource consents were granted for a term of 35 years, subject to a range of conditions, including a five-yearly review. Nau mai haere mai ki tenei Ripoata Taiao e pa ana ki te mahi hihiko mo tenei rohe o Waikaremoana. Up to 2012, scheme–wide resource consents for routine maintenance activities around the WPS were generally applied Welcome to the 2013-2014 Annual Environmental Report (AER) for on an as-required basis. During the 2012/13 reporting period, for the Waikaremoana Power Scheme (WPS). The purpose of this scheme-wide resource consents to undertake various routine report is to update the community and stakeholders on the wide maintenance activities at the WPS were granted by Hawkes Bay range of activities which occurred at the WPS between 1 July 2013 Regional Council (HBRC). They provide an efficient mechanism and 30 June 2014 (the ‘reporting period’). This document is the to undertake routine maintenance activities, whilst effectively eighth AER for the WPS and follows the previous year’s (2012/13) managing the effects of these activities on the environment (see report. This report will: Section 5.1).

provide an overview of resource consent compliance The first five-yearly review was in 2004 and at this time Genesis at the WPS; Energy sought changes to the monitoring and reporting conditions provide an update on monitoring and research programmes; to allow for more targeted monitoring programmes at Lake report back on key projects; Waikaremoana and on the Waikaretaheke River. The HBRC report on community and environmental initiatives; and adopted the recommendations and the resource consents were define environmental objectives for the next 12 months. varied in 2005. Subsequently the Lake Waikaremoana Monitoring Plan and the Waikaretaheke River Monitoring Plans were Genesis Energy aims to be accessible to the public, to address completed in 2006. issues as they arise and to develop closer working relationships within the communities in which it operates. Opportunities for a five-yearly review occurred in 2009 and 2014; 1.1 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW however a review of the resource consents was not requested by Genesis Energy nor undertaken by HBRC. Genesis Energy produces a suite of reports and other 1.3 HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT documentation on its activities each year (Figure 1). These include detailed technical reports, audit reports and various reporting This report documents environmental outcomes based on two key requirements to stakeholders. They address specific issues at a areas of the scheme: site/local level. Lake Waikaremoana; The Company’s Annual Report provides an overview of Genesis Waikaretaheke River. Energy’s performance as a company. The report also provides information for:

Scheme-wide Outcomes; Community and Environmental Initiatives.

Bold text like this will help you to find your way around the report.

Consent Description Consent # (condition) identifies the parts of the report that relate to specific resource consent conditions.

Orange text like this throughout the report provides useful background information on specific issues. 1.4 GENESIS ENERGY’S APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

1.4.1 GENESIS ENERGY’S VALUES

Genesis Energy’s four core values define the way things are done at Genesis Energy. They are the actions and behaviours which help contribute to the success of the company.

FIGURE 1 // Report hierarchy at Genesis Energy. Genesis Energy’s Values are: Respect – We treat people and places as we would wish to be treated This AER bridges the gap between site specific reporting and Drive – We achieve with energy, courage and commitment the company’s Annual Report. It provides an overview of all Imagine – We challenge today and change tomorrow environmental and stakeholder activities relating to the WPS. It Support – We work together, take responsibility and have fun does not detail company strategy or performance (refer to the Annual Report for this information) or provide extensive detailed Genesis Energy’s intent is to become the preferred provider of information on monitoring programmes and other initiatives energy in New Zealand. We will achieve this by: undertaken (refer to specific technical reports listed in the references). Delivering efficient service and smart solutions to customers; Optimising the performance of our generation portfolio; More information about Genesis Energy, including an electronic ‘Living’ our values; and copy of this document, can be found on the website Operating in a way that is safe and healthy for our people, www.genesisenergy.co.nz our customers, our communities and the environment. 1.2 RESOURCE CONSENT PROCESS OVERVIEW 1.4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Resource consents for the on-going operation of the WPS were Genesis Energy is committed to ensuring that environmental and granted in November 1998. This followed a period of intensive social awareness are the cornerstones of its business. Achieving

// 14 WAIKAREMOANA consultation, technical assessments, recommendations and review full regulatory compliance is considered the minimum standard via a formal consultative group, and through one on one consultation that Genesis Energy strives to achieve in the operation of its with affected and interested parties. The consultation process business. Genesis Energy’s Environmental Values are to: addressed numerous issues and in most cases outcomes were 02 Act with integrity at all times; of transparency and external credibility; this also ensures data is Foster close relationships with the community and being collected and processed to a high standard. stakeholders, so that their views can be incorporated into environmental decision making; During the reporting period the hydrology staff put an extensive Acknowledge that our activities affect both the environment amount of work into improving the monitoring network which and the communities within which we operate; resulted in a high level of compliance and more efficient operation Respect the role of tangata whenua as kaitiaki of the natural of plant for Genesis Energy. Genesis Energy is constantly looking for resources and taonga within the rohe; safer and more efficient ways of operating its assets. Examples of Investigate to better understand the nature of our this are; finding ways of calculating flows from fixed structures to environmental effects – and share this information with the provide operational and compliance data and upgrading monitoring community and stakeholders; and stations to provide effective information to the control centre. Seek environmental improvements in all aspects During the reporting period the Hydrology data has been of our business. externally audited and it was found that the data was collected to a To give effect to these values, Genesis Energy implements an high standard and all correct procedures were followed. Environmental Management System (‘EMS’) which incorporates a 1.5 FEEDBACK suite of management processes and tools that are well integrated with other core business systems. The EMS applies to all activities Genesis Energy has worked to make this report informative and involving the use of natural and physical resources and the easy to understand. Your feedback is welcome on both content environment, from the conceptual stage of any project through to and layout. Contact details are as follows: Genesis Energy’s normal day-to-day operational activities. Renewable Energy – Tokaanu Power Station During the reporting period, Genesis Energy reviewed its State Highway 47 EMS against relevant national and international standards Private Bag 36 for environmental management systems (e.g. the ISO 14001 TURANGI 3353 standard), and will seek to align its EMS more closely with Phone (07) 384 7200 these standards. This includes the development of core internal Environmental Standards in alignment with the Company’s overarching Business Management System. 1.4.3 RESOURCE CONSENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

To help manage compliance across all generation sites, Genesis Energy has developed a Resource Consent Management System (RCMS). This system holds all information relating to resource consents, third party agreements, and permitted activities, and defines, prompts and monitors actions required by their conditions, and reports on the status of these. The purpose of the RCMS is to ensure that Genesis Energy manages its statutory and stakeholder obligations effectively and that essential requirements are not overlooked.

All Genesis Energy staff can access the RCMS through the company’s intranet but only designated administrators within the Environmental Team can make changes and update/sign off tasks, or view potentially confidential information contained within third party agreements.

An internal RCMS and environmental compliance audit is undertaken on an annual basis at generation sites. The purpose of the audit is to ensure correct procedures are being followed and to identify any improvements that could be made to RCMS systems or processes to best achieve 100% compliance.

During the 2012/13 reporting period, improvements to the RCMS were identified including enhanced reporting functionality and ensuring that the system is more user-friendly. A project was planned to incorporate these changes in the RCMS in the reporting period, but due to IT infrastructure upgrades this project had to be deferred. As a result, the implementation of these changes will now occur in the 2014/15 reporting period.

During the reporting period the WPS resource consents and third party agreements were internally audited. The audit found that all other required actions from the previous audit had been successfully addressed and observed excellent overall compliance with environmental reporting procedures. 1.4.4 HYDROLOGY

Genesis Energy has an extensive hydrology monitoring network around the WPS. A variety of flow, water level, water quality and rainfall data is collected in real-time and telemetered near real-time. This information is sent to Genesis Energy’s Renewable Energy Control Centre (RECC), located in Tokaanu near Turangi, ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL together with a range of plant and market information.

Data collected by the hydrology network is audited by an independent third party on an annual basis to maintain a high level 03 04 WAIKAREMOANA // 14 02 POWER WAIKAREMOANA

SCHEME 02 WAIKAREMOANA POWER SCHEME TABLE 1 // Average monthly inflows into Lake Waikaremoana during The Waikaremoana Power Scheme (WPS) is located within and the reporting period. adjacent to Te Urewera National Park in the northern Hawkes Bay Region. The location and features of the scheme are shown on the Month 2013-14 Long Term Percent of map inside the back cover. Average Inflow average Inflow Average (m3/s) (1930 - present) (m3/s) (%) The potential for power generation from the outflow of Lake Waikaremoana was recognised in the 19th century (Natusch, July 14.46 27.95 52% 1992) and three power stations were commissioned between 1929 August 21.44 25.48 84% and 1948. The WPS uses water from Lake Waikaremoana and the Waikaretaheke River and a number of its tributaries to generate September 41.94 21.4 196% electricity at three hydroelectric power stations – Kaitawa (36 October 11.74 17.33 68% megawatts [MW]), Tuai (60 MW) and Piripaua (42 MW). Water is November 12.44 13.79 90% taken from Lake Waikaremoana via tunnels at Onepoto Bay and is passed through Kaitawa Power Station before being discharged December 8.92 11.35 79% into Lake Kaitawa. It is then passed through Tuai Power Station January 6.14 10.29 60% and discharged into Lake Whakamarino. From here, a further tunnel and penstocks carry the water to Piripaua Power Station February 11.81 11.08 107% before it is discharged back into the Waikaretaheke River, the March 2.8 12.41 23% natural outlet of Lake Waikaremoana. April 29.55 15.54 190%

The generating plant has undergone major refurbishment and the May 7 20.06 35% scheme’s generation capacity has increased from 124 to 138 MW. Operation of the WPS depends on the demand for electricity and June 19.42 23.52 83% the availability of water. Electricity from the WPS feeds into the Annual Average 15.56 17.67 88% national electricity grid and assists in maintaining voltage levels on the transmission system.

Supply of electricity to the East Coast from the WPS is important for two reasons. Firstly, the generators at Waikaremoana provide voltage support for the Gisborne and Tokomaru Bay Transpower transmission circuits. Secondly, the close proximity of the WPS to Gisborne results in lower transmission losses, which reduces the need for generation overall. The WPS is also ideally situated to provide power to the East Cape area when the East Cape loses connection to the national grid such as during large snowfall events in 1997 and 2006. 2.1 OPERATING THE WAIKAREMOANA POWER SCHEME

The WPS is operated remotely from Genesis Energy’s Renewable Energy Control Centre (RECC), which is part of the Tongariro Power Scheme near Turangi. A 24/7 Generation Control team runs the WPS as effectively and efficiently as possible using a FIGURE 2 // Modelled inflows and rainfall for Lake Waikaremoana variety of flow, water level and rainfall data, as well as a range of during the reporting period. plant and market information to optimise electricity generation revenue requirements while maintaining compliance with resource consent conditions and operating within the electricity market The total rainfall recorded at the Lake Waikaremoana at Onepoto rules. A complex operational control system that underwent a rain gauge for the reporting period was 1,962 mm, 20 mm above significant upgrade in 2010 assists the operations team, providing the long-term average at this site (1,942 mm). April 2014 had the details on all aspects of the scheme, enabling remote control and highest monthly rainfall during the reporting period with 310 mm, while October 2013 had the lowest monthly rainfall during the alerting the operators when various parameters trend outside of reporting period with just 47.2 mm. their standard operating limits (including resource consent limits). The WPS generated a total of 424 Gigawatt hours (GWh) of There is a full maintenance team at the WPS with roaming electricity (Table 2) during the reporting period. In parallel with the Controllers on site. These Controllers are available 24/7 to fix scheme inflows, generation was also below the long-term average faults or defects as they arise. (approximately 450 GWh). This reflects the rainfall during the reporting period along with outages which took place, such as the 2.2 CLIMATE AND POWER GENERATION completion of the Piripaua transformer upgrade, which reduced The Lake Waikaremoana at Onepoto rain gauge received about the generation capacity of the scheme for the first two weeks of the reporting period. average rainfall over the reporting period. Inflows to Lake Waikaremoana were below the long-term average from October Based on an average figure of electricity consumption per 2013 to March 2014 (Table 1) and for the rest of the year monthly household of 7,760 kWh/yr (Ministry of Economic Development, inflows were around the mean with no discernable trend in the 2012; p121) the 424 GWh produced by the WPS in the reporting data. The period from October through to March mirrored the period was enough electricity to power the annual demand of previous year where inflows were among some of the lowest on approximately 55,000 households. record however, the dry period was broken a month earlier than the previous year. Inflows for the year overall were 88% of the TABLE 2 // Waikaremoana Power Scheme generation long-term average (1930 – present) indicating that the rain gauge during the reporting period. received more than the average rainfall that fell across the entire catchment in this period. Site Generation (GWh) Over the reporting period the lake was maintained between 17% Kaitawa 83 REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL and 92% full (Figure 2). This low point (17%) is the lowest level the lake has been since May 2009. Tuai 210 Piripaua 131 There were two moderate inflow events in September 05 2013 and April 2014 during the reporting period. Total 424 06 WAIKAREMOANA // 14 03 WAIKAREMOANA LAKE 03 LAKE WAIKAREMOANA event-driven monitoring to assess the impact of lake level excursions outside of the operating range on shoreline Lake Waikaremoana was created approximately 2200 years ago morphology and vegetation; by a massive landslide that dammed the Waikaretaheke River. a third party agreement with DOC with a focus on ecological The landslide created a steep natural dam face at the head of the enhancement on the shore of Lake Waikaremoana; valley down which the Waikaretaheke River once flowed. Below a third party agreement with Fish and Game Council of New this natural dam, the Waikaretaheke River was fed by water Zealand to increase angler opportunities in the Hawkes Bay leaking through the dam. Region and In association with DOC and the Royal Forest and Bird Lake Waikaremoana is the primary hydro-storage lake for the Protection Society, Genesis Energy undertook a project to Waikaremoana Power Scheme (WPS). The lake has a surface enhance the Onepoto Gatehouse area (a main access point area of approximately 53 km2 and an operating range of three for the Great Walk track) by planting native species and metres, from 580.29 to 583.29 masl. In 1946 the level of Lake erecting information panels. Waikaremoana was lowered by five metres to facilitate the operation of the WPS (Figure 3). The natural lake level range was approximately seven metres. TABLE 3 // Controlled discharge rates from Lake Waikaremoana when lake level exceeds 583.29 masl.

Lake level (m) Controlled discharge (m3/s) 583.29 No Controlled Release 583.29 43 583.49 47 583.69 51 584.09 55

3.1 HYDROLOGY

Lake Waikaremoana has a normal operating range from 580.29 to 583.29 masl. Genesis Energy must release a controlled discharge from the lake (Table 3) if the maximum lake level is reached or exceeded. Lake Waikaremoana HBRC WP982030Mc (3,4)

Genesis Energy has a scheme-wide maintenance consent to allow FIGURE 3 // Water level at Lake Waikaremoana for temporary cessation of controlled discharge for maintenance (1929–30 June 2014). purposes, for example to allow for the safe removal of obstructions from intake screens (see Section 5.1). This consent condition was not exercised in this reporting period.

Lowering the lake level and narrowing the lake level operating Genesis Energy constantly monitors the level of Lake range changed the energy of waves acting on the shoreline. Lake Waikaremoana. A three hour average lake level is used to assess Waikaremoana has always experienced significant fluctuations in lake level compliance. This average helps to remove sieche and level (up to seven metres), and these fluctuations had significant wave effects from the lake level record. Figure 4 shows the level of effects on the character of the pre-1946 shoreline (large eroded Lake Waikaremoana for the reporting period. shoreline scarps are evident in many places). Some on-going erosion and change is entirely natural, even though the lake is now managed within a three metre operating range.

Lowering the lake level directly affected the shoreline, creating large, flat, unvegetated areas. These have subsequently been utilised for assets such as the campground at Home Bay and related sewage ponds (which have now been relocated away from the lake shore), Department of Conservation (DOC) huts and campsites, and parts of the Great Walk track.

After the lake level was lowered, attempts were made to seal leaks in the natural dam by constructing rock filter blankets in the lakebed at Te Wharawhara Bay. Combined with the lake lowering, sealing the lake reduced leakage through the natural dam from approximately 17 cubic metres per second (m3/s) to five m3/s, increasing the water available for electricity generation.

Key outcomes of the resource consents process in 1998 and the subsequent change of resource consent in 2005 were:

a three metre operating range for the lake, with specific FIGURE 4 // Level of Lake Waikaremoana for the reporting period. conditions controlling discharges above and below the operating range; preparation and implementation of the Lake Waikaremoana Monitoring Plan which includes information on: Lake level compliance for Lake Waikaremoana for the reporting hydrology; period is detailed in Table 4. The lake did not exceed the maximum terrestrial shoreline vegetation; control level during the reporting period. REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL shoreline morphology; littoral ecology; and brown trout. 07 3.2.1 TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION TABLE 4 // Lake Waikaremoana level compliance during the reporting period. The natural vegetation around the shore of Lake Waikaremoana is a significant feature of the lake. Much of the post-1946 exposed Parameter Value (masl) Compliance (%) Consent Number shoreline is now covered with indigenous vegetation, with (condition) localised areas of exotic grassland, particularly on the old, more fertile river delta shorelines. Minimum level 580.29 100 WP982030Mc (3) Maximum level 583.29 100 WP982030Mc (3) The key purpose of shoreline vegetation monitoring is to assess the effects of the lake level management regime on terrestrial vegetation structure and development. Outflows from Lake Waikaremoana are limited by the permeability of the dam wall and the flow that can be taken through Genesis A total of 100 vegetation transects and/or photo-points have been Energy structures. Genesis Energy can only take water from established around the Lake Waikaremoana shoreline since 1999. Lake Waikaremoana via a siphon system, through Kaitawa Power These monitoring sites represent a full range of shoreline profiles, Station, or via a spillway (at very high lake levels). The maximum substrates and habitat types. Shoreline vegetation transects are rate of take through each structure is related to the design of surveyed every five years and photo-points are surveyed annually. the system. The design criteria of these structures are defined in They provide baseline data which enable detection of even minor resource consents. There have been no changes to the structures changes in vegetation related to lake level variation. during the reporting period. Lake Waikaremoana HBRC WP982010Ta; HBRC WP982001Ta; Monitoring since 1999 indicates that fluctuations in lake level HBRC WP982003Ta within the three metre operating range have resulted in detectable changes to the terrestrial vegetation. The ecological effect of these 3.1.1 LEVEL TRENDS AT LAKE WAIKAREMOANA changes, however, is minor and is comparable to that which would occur naturally on similar lake shorelines. A lake level regime Prior to construction of the power scheme, lake levels were reflecting the natural range of over seven metres would result in generally high heading into summer, reducing during summer far more dramatic changes (Single & Shaw, 2005). and autumn and increasing during winter and spring. Lake Waikaremoana is managed to reflect this natural cycle. The key driver of vegetation change at Lake Waikaremoana is the length of time that the lake spends above or below certain levels. During the reporting period the lake level mimicked this natural Prolonged high lake levels enable turf communities to establish pattern of variability closely by rising to its highest level in spring at high elevations but will also kill terrestrial species that cannot and dropping steadily through to autumn (see Figure 5). During tolerate prolonged submergence. Prolonged low lake levels May the level dropped significantly until it reached its lowest level have the opposite effect: turf communities dry out and terrestrial in five years at 17% of volume. For the remainder of the reporting species are able to establish at lower elevation, where they are at period the level stayed at low levels which also resembled the risk of submergence when the level increases again. natural level fluctuations. Lake Waikaremoana HBRC WP982030Mc (4) In 2005, in line with a change of resource consent, the original monitoring programme (Shaw, 1998) was formally revised and vegetation and shoreline morphology monitoring became more integrated (Single 2005; Single and Shaw 2005). Lake Waikaremoana HBRC WP982030Mc (11-12)

The annual Lake Waikaremoana shoreline inspection, involving circumnavigation of the entire shoreline, photographing, and evaluating all photo-points, was undertaken in March 2014. Details of the key findings are reported by Wildland Consultants Ltd (Wildlands, 2014) and monitoring locations are shown (see Figure 6).

Changes to the shoreline vegetation and profiles in the reporting period were very minor, with no change evident for 95% of the monitored sites. Minor changes in the distribution of species were largely related to the establishment of early successional terrestrial species due to the lack of high lake levels. Turf communities were exposed in many places, also due to the relatively low lake level. Deer sign was commonly present, and Carex sinclairii was often well-grazed (see Figure 7).

Minor changes occurred locally on the following three shoreline types: FIGURE 5 // Lake Waikaremoana inflows and level during the reporting period. Stream Sedimentary Fans; Wave Cut Terrace with Scarp and Rock Platform or Pavement Overlain with Wave Cut Terrace.

3.2 ECOSYSTEMS AND WATER QUALITY No change was noted on the following seven shoreline types:

The Lake Waikaremoana Monitoring Plan defines the type and Wave Cut Terrace - Gentle Slope; frequency of monitoring to be undertaken on Lake Waikaremoana. Sandstone boulders grading back into wave cut The plan was reviewed and updated during the reporting period to terrace (four sites); reflect the data and information received, recommendations from Rock headland; consultants and feedback from HBRC and stakeholders, since the Pocket beach; plan was first developed in 2006. Blocks boulders; Cliffs and This section describes the current ecosystem and water quality Narrow sandy beach. monitoring programmes, which are shown on Figure 6

// 14 WAIKAREMOANA High lake levels, at or near the top of the operating range, are positive influence on lakeshore ecology. They are also natural events, due to periods of high rainfall, and cannot be avoided, at

08 least on an occasional basis. In ecological terms, there are no new observations of changes or developments on the shoreline FIGURE 6 // Location of Lake Waikaremoana Monitoring Sites.

3.2.2 AQUATIC VEGETATION relating to lake level management that give cause for concern. Weed management, however, is an issue that requires further Lake Waikaremoana has high native aquatic plant species consideration, with Montbretia becoming more and more evident diversity and contains the best remaining example of native at numerous sites. aquatic vegetation assemblages in a large, deep, clear lake in the North Island. Aquatic plants (macrophytes) provide substrate The next annual photo-point inspections will be undertaken in for epiphytic algae, upon which many littoral (shallow shoreline) March 2015, and the next five-yearly vegetation transect re- macro-invertebrates feed. As such, maintenance of the littoral measurement is due in March 2016. zone is important to the productivity and ecology of the lake. Changes in aquatic macrophyte communities may result from prolonged periods of lowered water levels which have the potential to expose shallow-water plant communities. Narrowing the overall lake level operating range also has the potential to change the macrophyte species composition. Monitoring of these communities is, therefore, an important part of lake management. Lake Waikaremoana HBRC WP982030Mc (15-16)

The littoral aquatic macrophyte vegetation of Lake Waikaremoana is monitored every five years along 17 transects within the lake. Prior to this year, the last survey was undertaken in February 2013. The next littoral aquatic macrophyte vegetation survey is due in February 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL FIGURE 7 // Extensive band of exposed turf, heavily grazed by deer, at the southern end of Wairaumoana (Photo: Wildlands). 09 3.2.3 TROUT MONITORING 3.2.4 ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION PROGRAMME

Brown and rainbow trout were introduced into Lake Waikaremoana During the resource consents process many complex issues in 1896 for recreational angling. The resultant fishery is now were raised and worked through with the DOC. Some of these considered to be of national importance. During summer, brown issues were addressed through consent conditions and the trout live in the lake’s littoral zone. development of monitoring programmes; others were mitigated via a ten year agreement with DOC. Under this agreement, A key feature of the Lake Waikaremoana brown trout fishery is the known as the Waikaremoana Ecological Restoration Programme opportunity for anglers to stalk around the shoreline spotting and (WERP), Genesis Energy provided funding to DOC for ecological fishing to brown trout feeding in the shallow lake margins. Lake enhancement around the shore of the lake. levels can affect this angling opportunity by altering the amount of shoreline physically accessible during spring and summer. The original focus of WERP was to help secure a viable High lake levels restrict the number of shoreline sites available kiwi population on the Puketukutuku Peninsula. Over time, for angling and accessibility for moving between fishing sites as management of the kiwi programme on Puketukutuku Peninsula there is limited room to wade around the shoreline between the transferred to the LWHRT and their increasing contribution to the water’s edge and the vegetation. There is also very limited room kiwi programme allowed DOC, with the LWHRT’s support, to focus for fly fishermen to back-cast: the curtain of vegetation close to on other threatened species such as: whio (blue duck), ngutukaka the water’s edge limiting the amount of fishable water for this (kaka-beak), Powelliphanta snails, mistletoe and Dactylantus technique. Fewer places to fish result in more frequent encounters (wood rose). The WERP agreement with DOC concluded in 2008. with other anglers, more fishing pressure at the fewer fishable sites and consequently lower catch rates. In the past, Genesis While the original WERP agreement has now expired, Genesis Energy was required to quantify the change in shore-based Energy continues to work with DOC staff from the Central North angling opportunity as a result of lake level changes. This consent Island Region and Tangata Whenua on the Genesis Energy requirement was completed between November 2008 and March sponsored biodiversity management project in the Lake Waikareiti 2010 and was reported in the 2009/10 Annual Environmental area (see Section 6.3). Report for the WPS (Genesis Energy, 2010). 3.3 SEDIMENT (EROSION, TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION)

Lake level manipulation also has the potential to affect the The sedimentary geology of the Lake Waikaremoana shoreline littoral ecosystem and therefore, could adversely affect both is a significant natural feature. Monitoring the effects of the lake juvenile trout habitat and adult growth rates. Between 2000 and level management regime on the structure and development of 2005, a brown trout monitoring programme was undertaken to shoreline landforms and erosion patterns is a key focus of the assess any potential adverse effects of the current operating Lake Waikaremoana Monitoring Plan. regime (Pitkethley and Kusabs, 2005). Brown trout population estimates for Lake Waikaremoana were originally indexed by Lowering the lake level in the 1940’s exposed large flat areas of counting spawning adult trout in the Waiotukupuna Stream, soft delta-sediment shorelines. These have subsequently been one of the major spawning streams. However, these estimates used as sites for huts, tracks, camping grounds, sewage ponds were not considered satisfactory and a five-yearly intensive and other recreational and tourism assets. Shore change has trapping operation of trout on their spawning migration in the created hazards at some of these sites. Erosion, in particular, Waiotukupuna Stream has been instigated in its place. threatens the viability of the assets and impacts on use of the Lake Waikaremoana HBRC WP982030Mc (17-18) shoreline resource.

The Waiotukupuna Stream fish trap was established on site in In 1999, Allan et al. developed an annual monitoring programme May 2014 and will be operated 10 nights per month over the 2014 which used a network of profiles and photo-points to assess winter period (May – August). Figure 6 shows the location of the shoreline change and to determine the adequacy of existing fish trap. The project is contracted to the Lake Waikaremoana erosion protection works, and set timeframes for future erosion Hapu Restoration Trust (LWHRT) under the supervision of Fish & hazard management. This programme was formally revised in Game staff from Rotorua. The first 10 day trapping period in May 2005 and incorporated into the Lake Waikaremoana Monitoring yielded just two fish, but the June runs increased significantly, Plan. A significant change was the integration of DOC’s assets at resulting in 136 fish processed. These were all brown trout, up to high erosion risk sites with the shoreline vegetation and erosion 2.4 kg and in good condition. Rainbow trout are expected to start monitoring programmes (Single 2005; Single and Shaw 2005). showing up in the later runs, particularly through August. The current comprehensive monitoring network is based on a combination of beach profile and differential Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys, covering sites established in 1999–2000. New sites were also established between 2004 and 2007. Annual photo-point records compliment five-yearly field transect measurements, which are designed to assess:

changes in profile form over time; the stability of the shoreline; rates of shoreline advance and retreat; changes in the position or patterns of shoreline contours; predictions of expected future shoreline changes and measurement of erosion rates on mudstone benches.

Monitoring identifies the magnitude and rates of shore change around the lake for different shore types and for shores with different wave exposure, and it will continue to provide benchmarks for future change.

Changes during the monitoring period 1999–2005 occurred to beaches, soft shores and mudstone benches. Variations between annual surveys reflected the characteristics of wind, wave and water level influences during the period between surveys. Overall, // 14 WAIKAREMOANA FIGURE 8 // LWHRT staff receive training on fish trap construction the magnitude of change at Lake Waikaremoana is comparable and operation from Fish & Game Officers Matt Osborne and Anthony to or less than that measured on other New Zealand lakes Van Dorp. Single, 2005). 10 A Shoreline Hazard Management Report was also produced in 2010 (Single et al, 2010) and forwarded to DOC, Hawkes Bay Regional Council (HBRC) and to local Tangata Whenua representatives. The report presents information for managing the risk posed by lake level changes, to activities and assets around the shore of Lake Waikaremoana. This report is a valuable resource to assist future asset management on the Lake Waikaremoana shoreline. Lake Waikaremoana HBRC WP982030Mc (13-14)

The annual Lake Waikaremoana shoreline inspection, involving circumnavigation of the entire shoreline, photographing, and evaluating all photo-points, was undertaken in March 2014. Details of the key findings are reported by Shore Processes and Management Ltd (Single, 2014) and monitoring points are shown (see Figure 6).

The 2014 inspection of the shoreline and comparison to the historic photographic record showed only slight geomorphological changes at monitored sites, and on other sections of the shore inspected in association with the vegetation assessment. There was no evidence of water level or wave events noticeably modifying or adjusting the beaches.

The next annual inspection and photo-point survey is due in March 2015, while the next shoreline profile transect resurvey is scheduled for 2016. This survey date will coincide with the five- yearly vegetation survey. 3.3.1 EVENT-DRIVEN MONITORING

Lake Waikaremoana has a large catchment with a restricted outlet and lake levels can rise very rapidly following heavy rainfall. Vegetation within the three metre operating range can experience dramatic change, depending on whether it is submerged, and for how long. The shoreline substrate also experiences dramatic change in moisture level and wave energy in relation to the degree of inundation. Lake Waikaremoana HBRC WP982030Mc (11-14)

Event-driven monitoring is required when lake levels exceed 583.29 masl or go below 580.29 masl for more than seven consecutive days. Event driven monitoring was not required during the reporting period. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL 11 12 WAIKAREMOANA // 14 04 RIVER WAIKARETAHEKE 04 WAIKARETAHEKE RIVER

The Waikaretaheke River is the natural outlet from Lake Waikaremoana. Below the lake outlet, the river has cut into the landslide debris creating a very steep, incised and fast-flowing river system.

Damming the natural outlet, sealing spring leaks and creating lakes for the purposes of power generation has modified the upper Waikaretaheke River catchment significantly. The two man- made lakes, Kaitawa and Whakamarino, have become renowned trout fisheries: Lake Whakamarino, in particular, produces high numbers of very large trout.

A change of resource consent in 2005 sought a more focused and targeted monitoring programme for the Waikaretaheke River, which is articulated in the Waikaretaheke River Monitoring Plan. The change of resource consent also allows for improvements to the monitoring programmes to be made as more information becomes available. FIGURE 9 // Lake Kaitawa level during the reporting period. Key outcomes of the 1998 resource consents process and the subsequent change of resource consent in 2005 were:

a 3.4 m operating range for Lake Kaitawa and a 1.8 m range for Lake Whakamarino; a requirement to measure and record the amount of flow During the reporting period, Lake Kaitawa achieved a very in the Waikaretaheke River and the three power stations and high level of compliance (Table 5). Two minor non-compliances to provide this data annually to the Hawkes Bay Regional occurred during the reporting period lasting 10 and 15 minutes Council (HBRC); respectively. The maximum drop below the minimum control level minimum flows of 25 l/s downstream of the Waikaretaheke was 7.7 cm. Both events occurred one day apart at midnight on Diversion Structure and five l/s downstream of the the 11 January and the 12 January 2014; during the testing of a Whakamarino Dam; different operating regime for the scheme. An investigation was a requirement to maintain the quality of water discharges undertaken and appropriate actions put in place to help prevent from the Waikaremoana Power Scheme (WPS); this from reoccurring in the future. an agreement with the New Zealand Recreational Canoeing During the reporting period the lake level spilt over the Kaitawa Association – now known as Whitewater NZ – to provide tip gate on two occasions, the first was on the 29 January 2014 recreational kayaking opportunities within the Waikaremoana and the second was on the 10 April 2014. On both occasions the Power Scheme; spill was less than five m3/s and was part of normal consented an agreement with Transit New Zealand – now known as the operation of the scheme. New Zealand Transport Authority (NZTA) – to monitor erosion in the Waikaretaheke River; an agreement with Federated Farmers to provide minimum TABLE 5 // Lake Kaitawa level compliance during flows as a stock barrier downstream of Piripaua Power Station; the reporting period. preparation and implementation of the Waikaretaheke River Monitoring Plan that includes monitoring programmes for: Parameter Value (masl) Compliance (%) Consent Number (condition) macro-invertebrates below the Waikaretaheke Minimum level 450.1 99.99 WP982121Mb (3) Diversion Gates; the effect of recreational releases on trout in the river; Maximum level 453.5 100 WP982121Mb (3) an elver trap and upstream transfer programme; a mature eel downstream transfer programme and 4.1.2 WAIKARETAHEKE RIVER FROM KAITAWA SPILLWAY hydrology monitoring. TO LAKE WHAKAMARINO

4.1 HYDROLOGY The damming and diversion of waters from the Waikaretaheke River by the Waikaretaheke Diversion Structure have reduced the 4.1.1 LAKE KAITAWA magnitude and variability of flows downstream, thereby reducing Lake Kaitawa was formed following the construction of an earth the amount of habitat available for aquatic flora and fauna. dam and weir across the Waikaretaheke River in the mid-1930s, Investigations into invertebrate populations have shown that the converting a small spring-fed lake and wetland into a larger numbers in the river below the diversion structure are lower storage reservoir. The water level was raised by approximately than would naturally have occurred. A minimum flow of 25 l/s is three m, creating a lake with a surface area of approximately 6.1 released downstream of the Waikaretaheke Diversion Structure to ha. The lake is fed by water diverted from the Waikaretaheke River provide some suitable habitat for native flora and fauna. and a number of springs that flow directly into the lake. Waikaretaheke River HBRC WP982320Mf (6, 8) Lake Kaitawa HBRC WP982121Mb To maintain the minimum flow of 25 l/s downstream of the Lake Kaitawa is the headpond for Tuai Power Station. The Waikaretaheke Diversion Structure, holes have been drilled operating range of the lake is 3.4 m, from 450.1 to 453.5 masl through the gate to release the correct flow. To maintain the flow (Figure 9). Water for the Tuai Power Station is taken through the Genesis Energy staff check the holes regularly to ensure that they Tuai Intake, located on the eastern side of the lake, at a maximum remain free of any blockages. rate of up to 42 m3/s. There is no minimum flow requirement in the Compliance with this consent can be measured in two ways, from Waikaretaheke River downstream of Lake Kaitawa, with seepage quarterly volumetric flow gaugings and via calculation from the and spring flows creating flow only a short distance downstream. flow station at the intake structure. The calculation is a more

effective way to measure this minimum flow requirement it uses REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL hydraulic head from the local water level station at the diversion gates. Over time it was found that the volumetric gaugings

confirmed the flow calculation, Genesis Energy now measures 13 its consent compliance in real time using this method. All of the gauged flows and flow data for this reporting period were above the minimum flow with full compliance being achieved (see Figure 10).

The calculation for this flow was included in the annual hydrology data audit and the audit confirmed that this method was appropriate

FIGURE 11 // Lake Whakamarino level during the reporting period.

TABLE 6 // Lake Whakamarino level compliance for the reporting period. FIGURE 10 // Waikaretaheke Diversion minimum flow record during the reporting period. Parameter Value (masl) Compliance (%) Consent Number (condition) Minimum level 246.3 100 WP982420Md (5) It is noted that the dip in flow in July 2013 was due to the Maximum level 248.1 100 WP982420Md (5) gates being lifted, when this occurs the minimum flow is met downstream of the gates (as the water is released under the gate) A minimum flow of at least five l/s is maintained in the Genesis Energy is required to close the Waikaretaheke Diversion Kahuitangaroa Stream immediately downstream of Lake for two hours, whenever a flow of greater than five m³/s is spilled Whakamarino. The minimum flow is based on leakage flow from from Lake Kaitawa down the Waikaretaheke River. Spill from Lake the drainage galleries within the dam. This flow is monitored Kaitawa is not permitted on 01 October, the first weekend after 01 quarterly by Genesis Energy hydrology staff and was fully October, or during Labour Weekend, to reduce discolouration in compliant during the reporting period. Lake Whakamarino during these important angling periods. 4.1.4 WAIKARETAHEKE RIVER BELOW PIRIPAUA POWER STATION

This condition was not exercised during this reporting period. During the consent process, farmers along the Waikaretaheke 4.1.3 LAKE WHAKAMARINO River, downstream of Piripaua Power Station, raised concerns that the river did not provide an adequate stock barrier during times Lake Whakamarino was created following the construction of low flow from Piripaua Power Station. Following a number of of an earth dam (which contains a spillway structure) across flow trials, Genesis Energy reached an agreement with Federated the Kahuitangaroa Stream. The lake has a surface area of Farmers to provide a minimum flow from Piripaua Power Station approximately 29.8 hectares. Water for the Piripaua Power Station of two m3/s between 1 November and 31 March each year. is taken through the Piripaua Intake, located on the south-eastern side of Lake Whakamarino, at a maximum rate of up to 49 m3/s. The seasonal minimum flow below Piripaua Power Station, Below Whakamarino Dam a continuous minimum flow of as agreed with Federated Farmers, was compliant during the five l/s is maintained. reporting period except for a single event lasting 6 hours (from Lake Whakamarino HBRC WP982420Md (6) 9:00am to 3:00pm) on 3 November 2013. During this event, Piripaua Power Station was shut down to provide low flows (0.8 As part of the schemewide maintenance consent Genesis Energy m³/s) for Fish & Game to undertake a drift dive to assess trout may lower the level of water in Lake Whakamarino by up to one m numbers (see Section 4.2.2). Federated Farmers and adjacent below the minimum operating level (246.3 masl) for the purpose of land owners were notified in advance of the event and no concerns undertaking any maintenance and/or repair work(see Section 5.1) were raised. The compliance record is shown in the hydrograph below (see Figure 12). Lake Whakamarino has a normal operating range of 1.8 m, from 246.3 to 248.1 masl (Figure 11). There was one period of 9 hours and 35 minutes (from 9:10pm on 23 July to 8:40pm 24 July) where the above consent condition was exercised to allow for the installation of an eel bypass in the dam wall. During this time, the minimum level that the lake reached was recorded as 245.5 masl, well within the one m allowance. // 14 WAIKAREMOANA 14 TABLE 7 // Design capacities of discharge control points within the WPS.

Site Type Design Capacity l/s Consent No. Kaitawa tunnels Discharge g/w and drainage water 80 DP982020W Kaitawa weir drains Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 100 DP982111W Kaitawa Power Station penstock main inlet valve Discharge to unnamed tributary 700 DP982114W Kaitawa Power Station tailrace Take for cooling 110 WP982113T Tuai Power Station Discharge 10 DP982220W Waikaretaheke Diversion Canal Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 100 DP982323W Piripaua Power Station cooling circuits and penstocks Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 100 DP982512W Piripaua Power Station oil interceptor Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 15 DP982515W Piripaua Power Station tailrace Take for cooling 110 WP982511T Piripaua Tunnel large siphon Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 200 DP982501W Piripaua Tunnel small siphon Discharge to an unnamed tributary of the 150 DP982503W Waikaretaheke River Tuai Outdoor Switchyard cooling water system Discharge to an unnamed tributary 11 DP982403W Tuai Power Station cooling water system Discharge to Lake Whakamarino 100 DP982412W Tuai Power Station oil interceptors Discharge to Lake Whakamarino 20 DP982413W Tuai Outdoor Switchyard cooling water system No.1 Discharge to Kahutangaroa Stream 1.4 DP982414W Tuai auxiliary turbines Discharge to Lake Whakamarino 400 DP982415W

4.2.1 MACRO-INVERTEBRATES

The Waikaretaheke Monitoring Plan requires regular assessment of macro-invertebrate communities in the Waikaretaheke downstream of the diversion structure to assess the effect of reduced flows below the Waikaretaheke Diversion structure, down to the Mangaone Stream confluence where flow recovery begins. Genesis Energy engaged the National Institue of Water & Atomospheric Research (NIWA) to undertake a five year study between 1999 and 2003 to assess the effects on macro- invertebrates of increasing minimum residual flows in the Waikaretaheke River below the Waikaretaheke River diversion structure (Scarsbrook & Bowman, 2003). Results collected by Tonkin & Taylor in March/April 2009 were compared to the NIWA five year study. Tonkin & Taylor (2009) recommended that five- yearly assessments of sites above and below the Intake would be sufficient to provide an ongoing dataset that can be used to assess long-term impacts of the WPS on the Waikaretaheke River. This recommendation was accepted by the HBRC in October 2009. Lake Whakamarino HBRC WP982420Md (9) FIGURE 12 // Flow below Piripaua Power Station 1 November 2013 Piripaua Power Station HBRC DP982510Wb (11) and 31 March 2014. Waikaretaheke River HBRC WP982320Mf (13)

Macro-invertebrate and periphyton communities were surveyed in the Waikaretaheke in April 2014 and reported by Freshwater 4.1.5 MAXIMUM FLOWS: WAIKARETAHEKE RIVER AND LAKES Solutions Ltd (Montgomerie, 2014). Survey locations are shown in WAIKAREMOANA, KAITAWA AND WHAKAMARINO Figure 13. The survey used the same methods as previous surveys by NIWA and Tonkin & Taylor, at three sites at varying distances Resource consents specify maximum flow limits, based on design (20, 200 and 400 metres) below the Waikaretaheke Diversion and criteria, for several discharge control points (Table 7). There one reference site upstream. have been no modifications to any of these control points and therefore no alteration of their flow capacities. Genesis Energy The periphyton cover of percent thick mats ( 3 mm) was below was therefore fully compliant with these conditions during the the Biggs (2000) guideline for the protection of aesthetic and reporting period. recreational values at all sites. The highest cover of thick mats 4.2 AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS AND WATER QUALITY (20%) was recorded at the site immediately below the diversion where shallow water depth, a lack of channel shading and low, The Waikaretaheke River Monitoring Plan defines the type and stable flows were conducive to supporting thick algal mat growth. frequency of monitoring to be undertaken on Waikaretaheke River. The community at this site was dominated with what appeared to The plan was reviewed and updated during the reporting period to be late stage Phormidium (Cyanobacteria), a potentially toxic algae reflect the data and information received, recommendations from species. The percent cover of long filamentous algae exceeded consultants and feedback from HBRC and stakeholders, since the the Biggs (2000) guideline of 30% immediately below the diversion plan was first developed in 2006. and again at the site below the Waikaretaheke Siphon (some 200 m

further downstream). The exceedance of the Biggs (2000) guidelines REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL This section describes the current ecosystem and water quality at these sites reflects the stable, low flows at the sites. monitoring programmes which are shown on Figure 13. Mean Macro-invertebrate Community Index (MCI) scores have remained within a narrow band [between 100 - 110 or “good” 15 FIGURE 13 // Location of Waikaretaheke River Monitoring Sites

habitat quality (Stark, 1985)] at most sites on most sampling occasions since 1999, indicating that the residual river provides stable habitat with good water quality. The results of the April 2014 survey were generally similar to the Tonkin & Taylor (2009) and Scarsbrook & Bowman (2003) surveys and showed that the invertebrate community was similar upstream and downstream of the diversion. The April 2014 results indicate that the Waikaretaheke Diversion was not adversely affecting the benthic invertebrate community at the time of the survey.

Staff from the Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration (LWHRT) assisted with invertebrate monitoring on the Waikaretaheke River this year, providing both learning opportunities and wider income streams for the Trust (see Figure 14).

A number of recommendations have been made in the survey report including: the implementation of a monitoring programme for Cyanobacteria growth; consideration of a means for managing any future Cyanobacteria build-ups; and minor updates to invertebrate sampling and processing methodologies that better reflect current best practise. These recommendations FIGURE 14 // Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration Trust staff will be formally discussed with HBRC and appropriate changes member assists with invertebrate and water quality monitoring on implemented to improve future monitoring and management of the Waikaretaheke River - April 2014 (Photo: Fresh Water Solutions). the Waikaretaheke Diversion.

The next scheduled monitoring will occur in March/April 2019. // 14 WAIKAREMOANA 16 4.2.2 WAIKARETAHEKE RIVER TROUT The complex life cycle of tuna means that there is a strong and urgent need to integrate all tuna activities across a wide range Between 1999 and 2001, trout populations in the Waikaretaheke of iwi, hapu, whanau, statutory agencies and other stakeholders, River were monitored by twice-yearly drift dives (May and not just in the Waikaremoana/Wairoa catchment, but nationally. September) to determine whether recreational flow releases were The Tuna Fisheries Management Plan for the Waikaremoana impacting on trout numbers (Kusabs, 2002). The study found that: catchment provides a context for a co-ordinated approach to managing tuna locally and is considered necessary to ensure the the Waikaretaheke River below Piripaua supported moderate sustainability of local tuna stocks. densities of rainbow trout and low numbers of brown trout and recreational flow releases did not adversely affect trout On-going work streams of the Tuna Fisheries Management abundance in the upper Waikaretaheke River. Plan include:

Kusabs (2002) stated, however, that the long-term effects of the advocacy and education; flow releases on the trout population would only become apparent elver trap and transfer; after one to two generations (three – six years for rainbow elver migration surveys at known barriers (both natural and trout and four – eight years for brown trout). Consequently, the man-made); Waikaretaheke River Monitoring Plan recommends that five-yearly population monitoring in local streams and ponds; drift dives be carried out. management of downstream migrant tuna at WPS Lake Whakamarino HBRC WP982420Md (9) structures; and Piripaua Power Station HBRC DP982510Wb (11) migrant capture, tagging, transfer and monitoring. Waikaretaheke River HBRC WP982320Mf (13) Regular monitoring is required to assess the effects of the WPS The five-yearly drift dive was completed in early November 2013 on upstream and downstream tuna migrations, to evaluate the and is reported by Fish & Game (Osborne, 2013). The survey success of the elver transfer programme and to determine means observed average numbers of trout, comparable with previous of alleviating adverse effects, notably on downstream migrating surveys conducted during 2001 and 2008 (see Figure 15). Numbers tuna or ‘tunaheke’. of large and medium trout at the control site have also remained Waikaretaheke River Consent WP982510Wb (11) comparable over the study period. A higher count of large-size- class trout were encountered at the lower site due to an observer The Tuna Fisheries Management Plan was continued during on the bank watching fish pushing ahead or out of divers sight the reporting period by local LWHRT members. The LWHRT were owing to limitations in the underwater visibility. supported with technical oversight from NIWA. The results are reported by NIWA (Boubèe et al, 2014). Key outcomes of the tuna management programme during the reporting period are outlined below.

Elver Trap and Transfer Programme The number of elvers captured and transferred during the reporting period was the highest since trap and transfer operations began, and an estimated 68,740 elvers (60,800 shortfins and 7,940) longfins) were captured during the season (see Figure 16). These elvers were transferred to upstream habitats, with the majority released into Lake Whakamarino (see Figure 17), the Kahuitangaroa River, the upper Mangaone Stream, and the Waikaretaheke River. Small numbers were also released in Ranganui Pond, the Te Hei o Tohaka Stream and the Lake Whakamarino desilting pond.

FIGURE 15 // Number of trout (rainbow and brown) recorded in the upper and control sites on the Waikaretaheke River, 1999 to November 2013.

Recreational flow releases do not appear to be adversely affecting trout abundance in the Waikaretaheke River.

The next survey is scheduled for October 2018. 4.2.3 TUNA (EEL) MIGRATION PROGRAMMES

In 1996 Strickland recognised the potential for improving the upstream passage of tuna (eels) within the Waikaretaheke catchment. From this finding, an elver catch and transfer programme began in 1996/97 with the installation of a trap FIGURE 16 // Annual elver catches from the Piripaua Power Station immediately downstream of Piripaua Power Station. tailrace 1996-97 to 2013-14.

In addition to this, a Tuna Fisheries Management Plan was developed for the Waikaremoana area following a tuna workshop held in Tuai in January 2008, where members of the The elver catch began to increase in December, whereas in the past, Waikaremoana community expressed concerns for their tuna numbers began to increase mostly in January. Numbers captured resource and a desire for the development of such a plan. The remained steady until early March and then declined steadily until

LWHRT were contracted to assist Genesis Energy to prepare this the trap was closed at the end of March. Thus, in the reporting REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL document with input from NIWA. A number of hui were held to period not only did the run begin earlier than in past seasons, but help scope the plan, seek input from stakeholders and provide also ended later. Peak catches were made in late January. training for local tuna fishers on key issues. 17 Migrant Transfer and By-Pass Installation Since 2012, a number of eels showing migrant characteristics (eye colour and size) caught in local ponds and streams have been tagged with acoustic tags and transferred into Lake Whakamarino to help understand migration behaviour and to test migration pathway management systems.

The results of the three telemetry seasons undertaken so far (2012, 2013 and 2014) show that eels with marked migrant characteristics spend very little time in the lake and follow the main flow such that, they will inevitably enter the Piripaua Intake, unless effective deterrents are deployed, and alternative passage is provided.

Eels that are developing migrant features tend to spend considerable time searching the lake. These eels appear highly susceptible to harvest, but if not captured will eventually exit through the Piripaua Intake or, if open, the spillway. Some may also travel up the Waikaretaheke Canal when it is experiencing reverse flow. Feeder eels spent the entire time searching the lake and were not detected entering the intake or passing over the FIGURE 17 // Elvers from the Piripaua Power Station tailrace are spillway when it was open. released into Lake Whakamarino. (Photo: Blair Waiwai) In January 2014, a bank of bright, LED spot lights were installed over the intake to act as a deterrent to eels. Since the installation of the LED spot lights, acoustic tracking of migrant eels in Lake Since the inception of the trap and transfer programme, at least Whakamarino has indicated that eels are not readily entering the 207,000 elvers have been transferred to the catchment upstream Piripaua intake. These initial results need to be robustly tested as of the Piripaua Power Station. Although the numbers of elvers only two tagged migrants could be effectively tracked this year. captured each season have varied markedly, since 2004/2005 the catch has been increasing year on year and the trend continued During the reporting period, a newly installed downstream this year. Most of the elvers transferred have been shortfins (at migrant eel bypass at the Lake Whakamarino Spillway was least 80%), but the proportion of longfins in the catch increased completed and monitoring procedures developed (see Figure 18). from less than 10% during the 2002 to 2007 period to 28.8% in Except for those used during the commissioning trial, no eels 2009/10. In the reporting period the proportion of longfin elvers were detected passing through the bypass. Because of monitoring in the catch was 11.6% which is slightly less than in the 2012/13 difficulties it remains possible that some eels did use the bypass season (15.7%). during the ten nights it was operated in 2014. These monitoring difficulties have since been resolved. Elver Surveys at Other Structures NIWA and LWHRT staff carried out night time observations of the Lake Whakamarino Spillway and Waikaretaheke River Diversion by spotlight observations on five occasions (27 November 2013, 21 January 2014, 31 January 2014, 21 February 2014 and 3 June 2014). No elvers were observed climbing structures at either site. In the past, only an occasional elver has been seen at these sites. There is no indication that elvers congregate below these structures and there is therefore, currently no need to implement upstream passage facilities at these structures. Continued occasional monitoring of WPS structures at the peak of the elver migration season is, nevertheless, recommended.

Population Monitoring To assess trends in the eel population and determine the success or otherwise of management measures put in place, since 2010, LWHRT and Genesis Energy have carried out an annual survey of nine stream reaches and eleven pond/ lake sites with about half surveyed in alternate years. Some of the sites chosen for these surveys are control sites outside of the WPS. Generally, catches from stream sites are smaller than from ponds/lakes but in both habitats large ( 600mm) longfins are FIGURE 18 // The new eel by-pass installed on the dominant. Catches in control ponds and streams are, on average, Whakamarino Spillway. The eel by-pass is the pipe shown in the higher than in habitats within the WPS, but there are habitats right of the photo. (Photo: NIWA) within the WPS where equivalent, or even higher, catches can be made. Generally, the sites with high populations (i.e. an average of more than two eels per net night) are those with difficult access Knowledge Sharing During the reporting period, the LWHRT or on land with private access. The records clearly indicate that Tuna team hosted members from Ngati Rangi, based near fishers have harvested productive eel habitats once they have Ohakune (see Figure 19). Ngati Rangi also have a strong tuna become aware of eel abundance in these habitats. culture and took advantage of the opportunity to learn more about how Genesis Energy is working with the LWHRT on its tuna The LWHRT and Genesis Energy are well on the way to determining management programme. trends in the distribution, abundance and size of eels within the waterways upstream of Piripaua Power Station. This information LWHRT also hosted a Iwi Conservation Hui at Waimako in March is valuable for the ongoing development and implementation of the 2014. Iwi and Hapu representatives from all over the North Waikaremoana Tuna Fisheries Management Plan. The information Island attended the hui, which looked at, among the many topics gathered provides useful guidance for habitats such as Pakiakia discussed, tuna and kiwi management (see Section 6.1)

// 14 WAIKAREMOANA Pond (Rotokiokio) that require special attention both in terms of managing harvest pressure and stocking requirements. 18 bed, remove the leafy material and then drop the stem into the water column. The air cells in the Lagarosiphon stems allow them to then float with the water flow down to the intake where they entrain on the screens and are removed by the screen and transported via conveyor into an adjacent storage area on the lake edge. A range of other organic debris (leaves, branches, logs) and inorganic material (bottles, cans, various plastics and other rubbish) also accumulates within the storage area. The area is fenced off but is visible from the publicly accessible road adjacent.

A regular maintenance programme is now in place to remove the inorganic matter. Although naturally occurring in the lake the decaying weed and organic material is left on site and has the potential to add concentrated nutrients to the water at Piripaua Intake and subsequently, the Waikaretaheke River downstream of Piripaua Power Station.

Water quality monitoring (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous) was undertaken at a number of sites through the reporting period to help better understand this issue. The results are presented in Table 9. FIGURE 19 // LWHRT Tuna worker Blair Waiwai demonstrates eel measurement and tagging to Riripeti Mareikura from Ngati Rangi. The results show that there is no increase in nutrient load or reduction in other water quality parametres as a result of weed that accumulates at the Piripaua Intake Screen.

4.3 WATER QUALITY 4.4 SEDIMENT (EROSION, TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION)

4.3.1 ROUTINE MONITORING During the resource consents process in 1998, the New Zealand Transport Authority (NZTA) expressed concerns over the impact Genesis Energy carries out routine monitoring via annual grab that variable flows from the Piripaua Power Station may have samples of the water discharged from sediment traps on the on the NZTA’s ability to carry out new construction works and Tuai Penstock Slope and all power station and switchyard oil routine maintenance of its structures and roads in the vicinity of interceptors to measure for concentrations of lead, oil and grease. State Highway 38. Genesis Energy and the NZTA entered into an Kaitawa Power Station HBRC DP982116Wa (5) agreement to facilitate consultation and the sharing of information Tuai Power Station HBRC DP982403W (5) to ensure that the NZTA’s construction or maintenance activities Tuai Power Station HBRC DP982404W (4) are not unduly impeded by the operations of the WPS. Tuai Power Station HBRC DP982413W (5) Tuai Power Station HBRC DP982414W (5) The NZTA also expressed concern that variable flow from the Piripaua Power Station HBRC DP982515Wa (5) power station may cause bank erosion, potentially impacting on the roading network. Genesis Energy and its predecessors have Table 8 shows that oil and grease concentrations have remained never accepted that the operation of the scheme is a primary below the required consent limit at all monitoring sites. Lead cause of downstream erosion. A pragmatic decision was made, results from the Tuai Outdoor Switchyard and Penstock Slope Sump however, to establish an erosion monitoring programme at a also remained compliant, below the 0.005 g/m³ consent limit. selected number of sites.

4.3.2 LAKE WHAKAMARINO WATER QUALITY MONITORING Since the signing of this agreement in 1998 the NZTA has provided In 2013, Genesis Energy began a new water quality monitoring Genesis Energy with advanced warning when construction and regime on Lake Whakamarino to determine the potential effects of maintenance work is planned. During these occasions Genesis stockpiling weed adjacent the Piripaua Intake. Lagarosiphon weed Energy has taken all reasonable steps to control the flows from beds within Lake Whakamarino result in seasonal accumulations Piripaua Power Station to facilitate their works. There were no of weed (a few tonnes per annum) at the intake. requests from NZTA in the reporting period.

A screen-cleaning machine was installed on the intake in 1999 Genesis Energy has participated, and will continue to participate, to manage this weed accumulation, which occurs when swans in erosion monitoring where it is practical and helpful to do so. feed on the Lagarosiphon beds ripping stems from the lake

TABLE 8 // Water quality monitoring results for the reporting period.

Sample Location [Consent Number Parameter Date Measured Total Concentration Compliance (g/m³) Kaitawa Interceptor Hydrocarbons (Consent Limit 1.0g/m³) 11/10/13 0.7 Full compliance [Kaitawa Power Station DP982116Wa (5)] Piripaua Interceptor Hydrocarbons (Consent Limit 1.0g/m³) 11/10/13 0.7 Full compliance [Piripaua Power Station DP982515Wa (5)] Tuai Outdoor Switchyard Interceptor Hydrocarbons (Consent Limit 1.0g/m³) 11/10/13 0.7 Full compliance [Tuai Power Station DP982414W (4)] Tuai Interceptor Hydrocarbons (Consent Limit 1.0g/m³) 11/10/13 0.7 Full compliance [Tuai Power Station DP982413W (4)]

Tuai Penstock Slope Lead (Consent Limit 0.005g/m³) 11/10/13 0.00058 Full compliance REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL [Tuai Power Station DP982404 (4)] Tuai Outdoor Switchyard Lead (Consent Limit 0.005g/m³) 11/10/13 0.00026 Full compliance

[Tuai Power Station DP982403W (5)] 19 TABLE 9 // Water quality results from the Lake Whakamarino monitoring programme.

L. Whakamarino @ 100m u/s Intake and u/s of weed stockpile 10/09/14 17/12/13 4/03/14 5/05/14 Temp °C 11 18.4 16.7 15.2 pH 8.4 8.55 8.71 8.60 DO% 105 98 110 106 SPC uS/cm 130 103 107 102 Total N g/m³ 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.17 Total P g/m³ 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004

L.Whakamarino @ Piri Intake, d/s of weed stockpile 10/09/14 17/12/13 4/03/14 5/05/14 Temp °C 10.5 18.8 16.7 15.1 pH 8.54 8.86 8.79 8.56 DO% 116 122 123 120 SPC uS/cm 111 100 104 98 Total N g/m³ 0.11 0.12 0.17 0.11 Total P g/m³ 0.008 0.004 0.006 0.004

4.5 RECREATION AND TOURISM

A number of recreational releases from Piripaua Power Station and Lake Whakamarino occur on specified weekends on an annual basis, as agreed with the Hawkes Bay Canoe Club (HBCC) and Whitewater NZ.

A number of changes to conditions related to recreational releases have been agreed largely informally by Whitewater NZ, HBCC and Genesis Energy since the resource consents were granted in November 1998. These changes have been made to reflect the low level of participation in the recreational releases by kayakers, as well as changes to river management practices. Genesis Energy is currently working together with HBCC and Whitewater NZ to develop plans to boost participation in the recreational releases and to better manage the releases to serve the interests of all three parties over time.

In January 2014 the parties agreed to aim for a minimum of 30 people attending the Piripaua releases in 2014 (four releases scheduled) and an aspiration to have 60 people attend. Similarly FIGURE 20 // HBCC member enjoying the Waikaretaheke River the parties agreed to aim for a minimum of 15 people attending (Photo: HBCC). the Whakamarino releases in 2014 (two releases planned over a weekend) and an aspiration to have 30 people attend. The attendance will be reassessed at the end of the calendar year and the effectiveness of the releases reviewed (see Figure 20). 4.5.2 WHAKAMARINO DAM

4.5.1 PIRIPAUA POWER STATION Recreational releases from Whakamarino Dam Spillway occur on each of two consecutive days, twice annually, for a duration of not There are six recreational releases from Piripaua Power Station less than six hours. One of these releases must occur between annually. The releases are required to be a set flow of between September and November, and the other between March and May. 3 25–35 m /s, as specified in advance by Whitewater NZ, and HBCC A minimum flow of 17 m3/s is released from Lake Whakamarino, for a duration of not less than six hours. Additional recreational and the flow must have reached 20 m3/s at the confluence of the releases from Piripaua cooincide with Whakamarino Dam Waikaretaheke River and Kahuitangaroa Stream. releases. There is no consent requirement around these releases Lake Whakamarino HBRC WP982420Md (6) but HBCC requests that a minimum of 12 m3/s be released at Piripaua to suppelement the Whakamarino release flow. No-flow In August 2011 Genesis Energy, Whitewater NZ and HBCC dates are also agreed in advance, allowing HBCC to undertake agreed to reduce the current four recreational releases from maintenance work on the downstream river channel to ensure Whakamarino Dam per year to one one-day event per year. This is safe kayaking. to focus recreational interest on one ‘larger’ event in the hope of Piripaua Power Station HBRC DP982510Wb (4) attracting greater participation.

During the reporting period one recreational release from Piripaua There was one recreational release from the Whakamarino Dam Power Station was cancelled at HBCC’s request due to insufficient on 10 November 2013. A minor non-compliance occurred where registrations, while five releases went ahead. There was one the flow was not at or above 20 m3/s prior to the start time of 0900. release from Piripaua as part of the Whakamarino Dam release. There was a 40 minute delay in the flow reaching 20 m3/s. The Table 10 shows compliance for these releases. timing issue was the result of a problem with the tip gate at Lake // 14 WAIKAREMOANA Whakamarino that was subsequently resolved. No complaints All recreational releases from Piripaua Power Station were fully were received due to the minor non-compliance. compliant for the reporting period for both flow and duration.

20 During the February and April 2014 releases 7 and 0 kayakers attended respectively. TABLE 10 // Piripaua recreational release compliance for the reporting period.

Date Required flow Minimum flow Maximum flow Average flow Duration (hrs) Compliance (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) Piripaua Power Station (25-35 m3/s) 8/09/13 34 (m3/s) 33.9 34.4 34.2 6 hrs + Full compliance 9/11/13 28 (m3/s) 28.4 29.9 29 6 hrs + Full compliance 8/12/13 28 (m3/s) Cancelled 8/02/14 28 (m3/s) 27.6 30.9 30.7 6 hrs + Full compliance 9/02/14 28 (m3/s) 30.2 31.1 30.7 6 hrs + Full compliance 13/04/14 28 (m3/s) 29.2 41.1 29.3 6 hrs + Full compliance Piripaua Power Station (12 m3/s) 10/11/13 12 (m3/s) 12.1 13.3 12.9 6 hrs + Full compliance

TABLE 11 // Lake Whakamarino recreational release compliance for the reporting period.

Date Required flow Minimum flow (m3/s) Maximum flow (m3/s) Average flow (m3/s) Duration (hrs) Compliance 10/11/13 20 (m3/s) 7.3 25.34 22.9 5 hrs 20 mins Minor non-compliance ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL 21 22 WAIKAREMOANA // 14 05 OUTCOMES SCHEME-WIDE 05 SCHEME-WIDE OUTCOMES 5.2 THE WAIKAREMOANA SPORTSFISH HABITAT ENHANCEMENT TRUST A number of issues have been addressed on a scheme-wide basis for the Waikaremoana Power Scheme (WPS). Key outcomes of the The Waikaremoana Sportsfish Habitat Enhancement Trust consultative process include: (WSHET) was an outcome of the 1998 resource consent process for the WPS, in lieu of potential effects the WPS has on the Lake Maintenance activities; Waikaremoana and Waikaretaheke River trout fisheries. The fund An agreement between Genesis Energy and Fish & Game over is administered by the Eastern Region Fish and Game Council and sports fish enhancement; has been set up to support sports fisheries-based projects. The Dam Safety; fund has previously contributed towards: Public Complaints; and Hydrology Information reprinting the Waikaremoana Fishery brochure; the Home Bay gangway project; 5.1 SCHEME-WIDE MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES car parking for anglers at the Hopuruahine River; signage and interpretation panels; In February 2013, after an extensive consultation and application creel surveys; process, Genesis Energy was granted resource consents for fisheries inventories; scheme-wide maintenance activities. The Hawkes Bay Regional boat ramp pontoons; and Council (HBRC) issued this as a combined consent, encompassing Waikaremoana Water Quality Monitoring Buoy. a mix of discharge, land use, water, and river/lake bed use permits. This better enables maintenance activities to be The Waikaremoana Sportsfish Habitat Enhancement Trust undertaken in a timely and responsible manner, rather than the (WSHET) was utilised toward the reinstatement of the Lake previous approach of one-off consents specific to a single minor Waikaremoana Water Quality Monitoring Buoy during the reporting project. The expiry of the combined permit coincides with the period (see Figure 21). On 26 June 2013, routine servicing of the scheme’s current operating consents to 2032. buoy identified that one of the anchor lines had been severed Maintenance of Structures HBRC LU120396C (through an act of vandalism). The section of sensor chain Vegetation Clearance and Soil Disturbance HBRC LU120397V below 70 m depth, containing a number of new temperature Temporary Damming and Diverting HBRC WP120398M and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) sensors which had been attached Abrasive Blasting HBRC DP120399W to the buoy for less than one year, were lost as a result of the incident. With support from WSHET, Genesis Energy and HBRC During the reporting period three maintenance activities occurred the buoy was successfully re-anchored and the remaining sensors at the WPS that were covered by the scheme wide maintenance reinstated on 11 February 2014. Changes to the anchoring system consent and are described in table 12. were made to reduce future tampering or interference.

TABLE 12 // WPS maintenance activities. The monitoring buoy provides real time data on the lakes water conditions including oxygen parameters, turbidity, algal concentrations, light attenuation and temperature as well as Area Description Occurance providing a weather station. The monitoring buoy information can be accessed through the Fish & Game website www.fishandgame. Lake Whakamarino Discussed in Section 4.2.3 June-Dec 2013 org.nz by following the links to: Eastern Region/ Fishing/ Local Eel Bypass River Flow & Lake Info. A report on the first three years of data Waikaretaheke Realigned creek bed material Nov-14 will also be available through the website once complete. River below inverted to prevent erosion. Positioning siphon of existing boulders to shore Trout were liberated at Lakes Kaitawa and Whakamarino on up erosion affected area and 19 December 2013. A total of 200 brown trout and 400 rainbows reduce water velocity. Area of were released into Lake Whakamarino with 100 rainbows placed about 10 m2 affected. into Lake Kaitawa. Lake Waikaremoana itself is a wild fishery with Lake Whakamarino Pumped out stilling basin and Apr-14 stocking occurring solely through natural reproduction (i.e. no sluicing culvert cleared debris from basin. This hatchery liberations taking place). stilling basin enabled seepage checks across the basin and surrounding The Eastern Region Fish and Game Council remain committed area as part of Dam Safety to assisting with the Waikaremoana Lagarosiphon control Surveillance. programme (see Section 6.5) and have pledged funding from the WSHET toward the project. 5.1.1 ONEPOTO SIPHON

It was identified through the WPS Public Safety – Risk Assessment process that the intake area for the Onepoto Siphon needed to be marked on the lake surface. At lower water levels a vortex can be created in the lake when the siphon is in use. In early 2014, Genesis Energy installed four large permanent hazard buoys, chained to weights placed on the lake bed. This more comprehensively informs users of the hazard, beyond what was previously only indicated on nearby signage. 5.1.2 PIRIPAUA TRANSFORMER UPGRADE

In the 2012/13 reporting period the two original transformers at Piripaua Power Station were replaced. This was a massive undertaking with the new units sourced from Korea. The first of these units was synchronised to the national grid in June, while the second unit was commissioned in July and August 2013. During the outage required for the Piripaua Transformer Upgrade, a number of other maintenance activities were undertaken

including a detailed inspection of one of the Piripaua generators, REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL and a Piripaua tunnel inspection. FIGURE 21 // Lake Waikaremoana water quality monitoring buoy (Photo: Matt Osborne) 23 5.3 DAM SAFETY

The New Zealand Dam Safety Guidelines published by the New Zealand Society on Large Dams (NZSOLD) provide the framework for managing and monitoring the hydraulic structures of the WPS. Recent legislation may result in changes to current safety practices. The new regulations relating to dams have yet to be formalised.

Dam safety surveillance involves routine monitoring and inspections at pre-determined intervals. On a monthly basis, assets are inspected and data is collected at a number of locations. An experienced professional engineer reviews the data and provides Genesis Energy with a monthly dam safety report, which is internally reviewed by an engineer.

An Annual Dam Safety Review is carried out by specialist professional engineers as suggested by the NZSOLD (2000) Dam Safety Guidelines. Copies of the Monthly and Annual Dam Safety Review reports are available on request.

A Comprehensive Safety Review (CSR) of the dams and associated appurtenant structures is carried out at roughly five year intervals and involves independent civil, mechanical and electrical engineering experts, again in accordance with the FIGURE 22 // Screen shot of hydrology website. recommendations of the NZSOLD (2000) Dam Safety Guidelines.

Within the WPS, Whakamarino Dam, the Dredgings Dam, Saddle Dam, and Kaitawa Dam were all the subject of routine monitoring during the reporting period. If you require information other than that provided on Genesis Energy’s website, please email: [email protected] The introduction of new dam safety regulations and Dam Safety Scheme under the Building Act (2004) has been delayed on a 5.7 HAWKES BAY REGIONAL COUNCIL COMPLIANCE REPORTING number of occasions over the past years. The Government’s Dam Safety Scheme is currently intended to start on the 31 March The WPS Resource Consents have a routine monitoring inspection 2015 and this will be supported by regulations that are currently requirement. The consents are monitored by HBRC annually being drafted. or biennially, depending on the nature of the consent. After an inspection, a monitoring report is compiled and a compliance Genesis Energy is currently assessing its dam assets and rating assigned. reviewing its Dam Safety Assurance Programme so that it will align with the requirements of the Dam Safety Scheme. No audit occurred during the reporting period 5.4 OIL SPILL RESPONSE

All oil storage areas at Genesis Energy sites are bunded and compliant with statutory requirements. Comprehensive oil spill kits are located at strategic locations at Kaitawa, Tuai, and Piripaua Power Stations and key intake structures. Regular staff training exercises is undertaken, spill kits are regularly checked and response preparedness procedures are reviewed every two years.

No oil spill emergencies occurred within the WPS during the reporting period. Genesis Energy is sufficiently equipped to respond to any future events, with each kit containing absorbent mats, pillows, booms, and personal protective equipment for staff 5.5 PUBLIC COMPLAINTS

Genesis Energy records all public complaints via an Event Management System. Complaints are documented along with relevant recommendations. These are sent to appropriate staff to action.

There were no public complaints received in relation to the WPS during the reporting period. 5.6 PUBLICLY AVAILABLE HYDROLOGY INFORMATION

Genesis Energy has an extensive hydrology monitoring network around the WPS. A variety of flow, water level and rainfall data is collected in real time and telemetered near real time.

Rainfall, river flow and lake level information for the Waikaremoana area is available at: https://www.genesisenergy. co.nz/waikaremoana/ (Figure 22). This information has proved popular with the public, with high usage of the site since the system went on line in 2009. // 14 WAIKAREMOANA 24 ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNITY INITIATIVES

&

06 25 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 14 06 COMMUNITY & ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES

6.1 LAKE WAIKAREMOANA HAPU RESTORATION TRUST PARTNERSHIP

The Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration Trust (LWHRT) is a hapu-based charitable trust set up to:

“…facilitate and assist in the restoration and protection of the Lake Waikaremoana catchment – this includes all waterways, lands and endangered species of flora and fauna …”

The Trust represents the interests of the hapu who hold mana whenua for the Lake Waikaremoana and Tuai areas: Ngati Hinekura, Te Whanau Pani, and Ngati Ruapani.

Genesis Energy entered into a formal partnership with the LWHRT in March 2005.

The LWHRT, in association with DOC, has led a project on the Puketukutuku Peninsula of Lake Waikaremoana, to help halt the decline of kiwi in the Te Urewera National Park. The current FIGURE 23 // One of four kiwi released on Whareama Peninsula management programme developed from a ten year research during the translocation from Puketukuku Peninsula. project by Dr John McLennan of Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Ltd. Dr McLennan’s project identified predation by stoats as the key issue to be addressed if kiwi populations at Waikaremoana are to be retained. 6.2 WHIO FOREVER

The 750 ha Puketukutuku Peninsula has been set up as a In 2010, Genesis Energy received an exclusive invitation from DOCs mainland island and is extensively predator-trapped to create a National Whio Recovery Group to become the corporate sponsor of safe haven for kiwi. The neck of the peninsula has been fenced whio. The Whio Investment Agreement was subsequently signed off with a “kiwi-proof fence”. This keeps the birds within the by DOC and Genesis Energy on 31 August 2011 in Wellington. protected area, preventing the kiwi chicks from dispersing into The agreement commits, in full, $2.5 million over five years the surrounding unprotected bush, so they set up their territories to fully implement the National Whio Recovery Programme within the protected area on the Peninsula. thereby securing the future of whio. The agreement builds on the success of the mitigation outcomes of the Tongariro Power The goal is to build the kiwi population up to “carrying capacity” Scheme resource consents process which has seen Whio numbers on the peninsula, then remove the fence so that young kiwi increase by 10% nationally as a result of the Central North Island produced within the predator trapped area each year can disperse Blue Duck Conservation Charitable Trust work. throughout Te Urewera National Park. The concept is being replicated on the Whareama Peninsula on the opposite side of the During the reporting period significant work has been achieved lake to expand the project. by Genesis Energy, DOC and Forest and Bird working together to implement the Whio Forever Management Plan. The kiwi project is a flagship for the LWHRT’s achievement of its wider vision. Investment in predator control has been a key focus with 14 whio protection sites receiving support to better manage stoats LWHRT has focused on its core activity, the kiwi project. The and other predators. Over 1600 traps have been purchased and predator trap lines received regular servicing, and kiwi that carry deployed at these sites over the last year, which brings the total radio transmitters have continued to be monitored. number of traps purchased under this programme to 5200. A national trial of self-resetting traps has also been completed, with A large group of largely volunteers participated in kiwi call surveys the goal of developing better technology to protect whio in remote on the Puketukutuku kiwi management area during May 2014, back country rivers. recording the highest number of calls ever. Puketukutuku is now considered to be at “carrying capacity”, the only place on mainland Population management has been revolutionised through the New Zealand where this has been achieved. A total of 323 kiwi successful development of new data loggers and a national calls were recorded from the seven sites surveyed over the three database to capture whio related information from protection nights, a further significant increase on the previous record of 248 sites. This has allowed open public access to critical whio in May 2013. data from protection sites across the country, allowing better integration of whio management nationally. The kiwi fence across the neck of the Whareama Peninsula was also completed during the reporting period and a further area of The Whio Nest Egg project (WHIONE) has also progressed with some 400 ha is now under intensive predator management. The funding supporting captive breeding sites and duckling rearing process of transferring surplus juvenile kiwi from Puketukutuku to facilities nationwide. Whareama began in May in what is another significant milestone for the project. This outstanding achievement was celebrated by a All of this work has resulted in an increase of 117 whio breeding large group of guests and dignitaries (see Figure 23). pairs under protection since the programme’s inception (from 205 pairs to 322).

The managers of the various whio protection sites are now confident that they have the capacity to meet their whio protection targets for the first time ever. It has also allowed the highest priority whio Security Sites to accelerate their target numbers of protected whio pairs earlier than anticipated (i.e. the target of 400 in total will be achieved by 2016, rather than 2019).

The numbers of additional whio pairs protected primarily through the // 14 WAIKAREMOANA Whio Recovery Programme has increased during the last year. Table 13 shows the figures for the period 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2014. 26 requires DOC, in consultation with an Advisory Committee made TABLE 13 // The numbers of additional whio pairs protected up of DOC, Genesis Energy, tangata whenua representatives and primarily through the Whio Recovery Programme has increased independent scientific advice, to deliver project outcomes. Tangata during the reporting period. whenua, with the technical guidance and support of DOC staff, are undertaking field delivery of the management programmes. SECURITY SITES ADDITIONAL WHIO PAIRS Te Urewera 6 The Vision is that: Whirinaki 6 “The Waikareiti landscape is pest free and native species thrive in Tongariro Forest 26 abundance” Manganui/ Retaruke 0 Key objectives include:

Wangapeka 2 To enhance and maintain the ecological values and natural Oparara/ Ugly 0 character of the Lake Waikareiti area through the use of integrated pest management programmes; RECOVERY SITES ADDITIONAL WHIO PAIRS To enhance and maintain the cultural values of the Waikareiti Maungataniwha 0 area by restoring the mauri of the forests and other ecosystems and protecting the pristine waters of the lake; and Pureora 3 To enhance and maintain opportunities for public Hancock Forest Managers 2 understanding and enjoyment of the biodiversity and cultural Arthurs Pass 0 values of Lake Waikareiti and its surrounds. Glaisnock-Nitz 0 During the reporting period Tangata Whenua field staff, supported by DOC staff and an army of volunteers, have undertaken pest Murchison Mountains 0 knock down on all six islands within Waikareiti using hand application of Brodifacoumn baits. Tracking tunnels show that In addition, the Whio Awareness campaign in March 2014 worked mice and rat populations on most islands were reduced to zero to raise awareness of the status of the whio through a national density by this operation. An extensive trapping infra-structure advertising campaign and the Whio Family weekend at Auckland has also been operated around the lakeshore to protect the Zoo (Figure 24). During the month other initiatives were run islands from reinvasion Deer, which also swim the narrow water including visitor centre displays, press releases and an above- gaps between the mainland and the islands, are regularly removed the-line marketing campaign to drive traffic to the Whio Forever using hunters with dogs. website www.whioforever.co.nz Genesis Energy has recently extended the sponsorship of the There is still much to be done to secure the future of the whio, project for another year. however, thanks to the united efforts of the three organisations involved in the Whio Recovery Programme and the many community groups and iwi that get support from the Programme, the tide is beginning to turn for the whio.

FIGURE 25 // Local tangata whenua working on the Waikareiti biodiversity project (Photo: DOC).

FIGURE 24 // Zoo patrons taking part in the whio fun days at Auckland Zoo. 6.4 LAKE WAIKAREMOANA CHALLENGE

Genesis Energy has been proud to be the official sponsor of the Genesis Energy Lake Waikaremoana Challenge (previously called 6.3 WAIKAREITI BIODIVERSITY PROJECT the Genesis Energy Lake to Lighthouse Challenge). The event has been held since 2008 in Tuai over two days in November, and The Lake Waikareiti area of Te Urewera National Park has some involved teams and individuals running, mountain biking and of the most important biodiversity values within the Park. The kayaking through some of the most picturesque landscape in the pristine lake; its islands; the surrounding forests; the wetlands country. and tarns; and the accessibility of these conservation assets to the Aniwaniwa Visitor Centre, make the area one of the highest The Lake Waikaremoana Challenge promotes the Waikaremoana priorities for conservation management in DOC’s Central North area for its pristine beauty, cultural significance and vast Island Region. recreational opportunities and puts the area on the map nationally

(and internationally) in an extremely positive way. The event REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL In 2011, Genesis Energy entered into a three year conservation provides opportunities for local businesses, clubs, hapu, sporting sponsorship agreement with DOC to co-fund a biodiversity focused groups, schools and charities to benefit. conservation management project at Waikareiti. This agreement 27 Genesis Energy’s Waikaremoana Power Scheme is a well-known 6.5 AQUATIC WEEDS feature of the area and this event provides the Company with an opportunity to give back in a way which supports the long-term Didymosphenia geminata (didymo), together with a range of other social, economic and cultural well-being of local communities. aquatic weed species such as hornwort and Lagarosiphon, have the potential to seriously impact on both Genesis Energy’s operations, and the aquatic environments in which Genesis Energy operates.

Genesis Energy is working with a number of organisations to help prevent the spread of aquatic pests in the North Island and to limit the effects of those aquatic weeds that are already present. These organisations include:

Ministry of Primary Industries (MPI) Biosecurity Department of Conservation Tangata Whenua Fish & Game Hawkes Bay Regional Council Whitewater New Zealand The sixth annual Genesis Energy Lake Waikaremoana Challenge Fishing & Boating Clubs was held on the weekend of 15 November 2013 and was Genesis Energy is involved at a national level in the MPI convened unfortunately reduced to a one day 21km trail run over Panekiri Aquatic Pest Long Term Management Steering Committee and Bluff on the Waikaremoana Great Walk, There were insufficient attends various meetings and workshops to help ensure aquatic registrations to hold the multisport race hence the race organisers weed management remains as coordinated and effective as made the difficult decision to reduce the race to a one-day trail run. possible at a national level. Genesis Energy also contributes to Over 60 competitors took part and thoroughly enjoyed the event. regional partner groups formally established by MPI Biosecurity Despite the reduced numbers, the Tuai Community showed their that play a critical role in helping to manage the threat of aquatic strength in hosting visitors at Waimako Marae, ensuring that pests. The Hawkes Bay Regional Partner Group is one of six in the everyone went away with a wonderful cultural experience. North Island.

Due to the reduction in participant numbers, the Wairoa Waikaremoana Lagarosiphon Incursion In February 2012, a DOC Community Development Trust has decided not to continue the contractor located Lagarosiphon (Lagarosiphon major) plants at multisport race at this time; however this may be revisited if Te Raoa Bay on Lake Waikaremoana during routine surveillance. circumstances change. Genesis Energy wishes to acknowledge the Further delimitation surveys, including the use of dive teams, Wairoa Community Development Trust, Race Director Chris Joblin confirmed a large number of incursion sites within the central and his team who have worked tirelessly to put on this fantastic lake area. Lagarosiphon could devastate the outstanding, largely event. Genesis Energy also acknowledges the substantial amount indigenous macrophyte beds of the lake. A multi-agency response, of volunteer time and effort that has gone into hosting the event. including DOC, Tangata Whenua, NIWA, HBRC, Fish and Game, user groups and Genesis Energy has developed a Ten-Year Strategic Plan to manage the incursion. Field operations have been led by a specially appointed project manager.

Suction dredging was used in June 2012 to remove the bulk of the plant material from known sites. Since this initial response, regular dive visits to known marked incursion sites, have continued to reduce the biomass of Lagarosiphon to very low levels, though it is still present at many sites. The process will need to continue for some years to ensure eradication is achieved. Permission to use localised low level chemical (Diquat®) application (consistent with relevant rules in the Hawkes Bay Regional Plan) has been obtained to help with the ongoing management of the incursion. In the meantime, new advocacy, biosecurity and surveillance measures are a key part of the recently adopted Ten-Year Strategic Plan.

Didymo Didymo has not reached the North Island in the ten years since it was first detected in the southern South Island. This gives some hope that the highly invasive algae may be able to be kept out of North island waterways. Prevention remains a far better and cost effective option than management of didymo in the North Island, so on-going public awareness campaigns continue to be the focus of didymo actions locally.

FIGURE 26 // Lake Waikaremoana Challenge participants – Neal Taylor, Oriwia Taylor and Sue Wood. // 14 WAIKAREMOANA 28 6.6 SCHOOLGEN 6.7 WADER SAFETY TRAINING

Schoolgen is a programme developed by Genesis Energy to bring Many Genesis Energy staff and contractors work in flowing solar energy to life for children across New Zealand. Children are water during their day to day routines maintaining equipment, the future leaders and decision makers so it is important that they monitoring river flows or undertaking environmental monitoring understand the role renewable energy will play in their future. and fisheries management. Our rivers can be extremely By talking and interacting with children Genesis Energy has a real hazardous places and water safety is taken seriously. In February chance to cultivate environmentally-aware thinking and behaviour; 2014, a total of 14 staff and contractors were put through their not just theirs, but that of the people around them including paces on the Tongariro River by local DOC fisheries staff, on a their teachers, parents, parent’s colleagues, friends and the one-day wader safety training course. The course involved a mix whole community. of theoretical and practical instruction on the dangers of flowing rivers, how to avoid the hazards and what to do in an emergency. Since Schoolgen began in 2006. Genesis Energy has created a comprehensive programme that includes:

Free, New Zealand curriculum-linked teaching resources that any Primary, Intermediate or Secondary school in New Zealand can use to explore electricity generation, energy efficiency, renewable energy and climate change. A particular focus on solar energy (photovoltaic (PV) systems) and energy efficiency, Providing 66 schools across New Zealand with a 2 kilowatt (kW) PV system, at no cost to the schools. The PV system allows these schools to generate a portion of their electricity from the sun, and to teach their students about solar energy, climate change and electricity generation. There is a dedicated programme website www.schoolgen.co.nz on which the real time generation data from the solar panels at these schools is displayed for anyone to see. Specialised Environmental Educators who work at the Primary, Intermediate and Secondary School level in the Schoolgen schools, helping schools to learn about renewable energy and energy efficiency. FIGURE 28 // Staff from the Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration On Monday 10 March 2014 the Schoolgen programme was Trust’s Tuna Management Team attempt to cross the Tongariro River introduced and rolled out to Te Kura o Waikaremoana in Tuai. A 2 during wader Safety Training. kW array of solar panels were installed including a 4 kW invertor providing the opportunity to expand the array to 4 kW if the school wishes to increase the capacity. This is the first Schoolgen School in the region.

The children created a special Schoolgen performance (Figure 27) for parents and staff from the Kura and Genesis Energy who were thoroughly impressed with their understanding of energy after only a short time with the Schoolgen eductor.

FIGURE 27 // Tamariki from Te Kura o Waikaremoana performing for parents and staff. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL 29 30 WAIKAREMOANA // 14 07 OBJECTIVES KEY 07 KEY OBJECTIVES

7.1 REVIEW OF KEY OBJECTIVES FOR 2013–2014

TABLE 14 // Review of key objectives for 2013–2014

Outcome/Initiative and Objectives Action 2013 -14 How do we do? Waikaremoana Recreational Releases - Work with Hawkes Bay Canoe Club Ongoing. Continue the review as to the effectiveness and Whitewater NZ to develop and Management plan put on hold and agreement of how the recreational releases at implement a WPS Recreational Release reached to target certain numbers of kayakers in Waikaremoana are implemented. Management Plan. 12 months.

Signage - All signage is relevant and reflected Review signage to ensure consistency with Ongoing. in the Signage Management System. other Genesis Energy generation assets. Installation of upgraded signage occurred, Ensure Signage Management System is up including with aerial photos. Signage to date and robust procedures are in place management system to be enhanced. to ensure it is kept up to date. Downstream Eel Passage - Install an effective Complete installation of the Whakamarino Complete. migrant eel pass in Lake Whakamarino. Spill-way eel by-pass and install lights on Piripaua Intake to discourage migrants from using this outlet. Lake Waikaremoana Lagrosiphon Incursion - Work with DOC, iwi, Fish & Game and Ongoing. Support the initiative to eradicate lagarosiphon other stakeholders to implement the 10 Good progress. from Lake Waikaremoana and maintain the Year Lake Waikaremoana Lagarosiphon lake ecology as pristine as possible. Incursion Strategic Plan.

Waiotukupuna Fish Trap - Undertake trout Install fish trap on the Waiotukupuna Fish trap installed 12/05/14 and operated for 10 monitoring at Lake Waikaremoana. Stream and sample the 2014 spawning run. days in each of May and June.

Waikaretaheke Trout Drift Dive Survey Undertake drift dive survey of Complete. - Undertake trout monitoring in the Waikaretaheke River below Piripaua Power Waikaretaheke River. Station in October 2013.

Waikaretaheke Macro-Invertebrate Ssurvey - Undertake macro-invertebrate monitoring Complete. Undertake macro-invertebrate monitoring in in the Waikaretaheke River in April 2014. the Waikaretaheke River.

Piripaua Intake Water Quality Monitoring Monitor water quality parameters at four Complete. - Determine the influence of weed decay sites (Tuai Penstocks, Kahuitangaroa, Lake and runoff from the Piripaua Intake weed Whakamarino, Piripaua Penstocks). accumulation site on water quality in the Waikaretaheke River. Environmental Management System - To Complete review of EMS and roll-out Ongoing. review and update the company-wide EMS. across company. A review of the EMS was undertaken. Documentation was reviewed and realigned. This documentation is to be signed off and rolled-out. RCMS Reporting - Enhance RCMS reporting Review RCMS reporting requirements and Ongoing. capabilities. work with IT to ensure that a reporting RCMS enhancements have been scoped and are system is developed that meets those underway. requirements. ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 14 ENVIRONMENTAL 31 7.2 KEY OBJECTIVES FOR 2014 –2015

Key environmental objectives for the 2014-2015 year build on some of the initiatives and programmes that are underway.

TABLE 15 // Key objectives for 2014–2015

Outcome/Initiative Objective Action 2014 - 15 Waikaremoana Recreational Releases. Continue the review as to the effectiveness Assess trial of target attendance numbers at releases of how the recreational releases at (with WWNZ and HBCC) and implement actions to Waikaremoana are implemented. ensure releases are effectively utilised as necessary. Signage. All signage is relevant and reflected in the Signage management system to be reviewed and Signage Management System. updated.

Downstream Eel Passage. Operate and monitor effective migrant eel pass Work with NIWA and LWHRT to open by-pass when in Lake Whakamarino. required during autumn and monitor eel use by completing effective electronic surveillance system. Lake Waikaremoana Lagrosiphon Support the initiative to eradicate Lagarosiphon Work with DOC, iwi, Fish & Game and other Incursion. from Lake Waikaremoana and maintain the stakeholders to implement the 10 Year Lake lake ecology as pristine as possible. Waikaremoana Lagarosiphon Incursion Strategic Plan. Waiotukupuna Fish Trap. Complete trout monitoring at Lake Operate trap for 10 days in each of July and Waikaremoana. August 2014. Environmental Management System. Integrate the Environmental Management Ensure consistency of the framework and alignment System into the company’s new Business across the business. Management System. RCMS Reporting. Enhance RCMS reporting capabilities. Work with IT to complete the development of the RCMS reporting process.

Community Investment at Look at opportunities to support the Work with the local community to investigate options Waikaremoana. Waikaremoana Community. of community support.

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32 prepared for Genesis Energy Power Ltd. Vegetation Monitoring: 2014. Contract Report No. 2408g Volumes I & II, Wildland Consultants, Rotorua. Prepared for Genesis Energy. 25pp & 81pp. WAIKAREMOANA POWER SCHEME MAP // 14