, ! ,PRODUCTION FORESTRY DIVISION FOREST MENSURATION REPORT NO. 18 (revision) ,,-- ODC 174(931 )--090.2

~· .soIL BUREAU

I . UBRARY I U\NDCARE RESEARCH N?. J P.O. BOX 69, LINCOLN, f<.L NEW ZEALAND FOREST SERVICE f ORE ST RESEARCH INSTITUTE

HISTORIC AND NOTABLE OF :

EAST COAST - POVERTY BAY, HAWKES BAY

i1 'i."

S. W. Burstall

Forest mensuration report leo (rev) ADDENDUM

The following entry should be with Notable Exotic Trees Interest in the Rawkes Bay of National section of this revision. It that section of the 1970 report. appeared in deltoides 'Virginiana', Necklace Poplar. Frimley Hastings. Dbh 262 cm, Park, height 44.3 m, with a clear trunk 9 m, in 1974. Planted c.1874. to This is the largest known in New Zealand and one in the of the largest poplars world. Growth appears to be declining diameter has increased as since 1969 by only 4 cm and there has if any·height growth. been little SOIL BUREAU

HISTORIC AND NOTABLE TREES OF NEW ZEALAND: POVERTY BAY, HAWKES BAY

S.W. Burstall

Date: September 1974 ODC 174(931)~090.2 Forest Mensuration Report No. 18 (revised)

Production Forestry Division Forest Research Institute Private Bag NEW ZEALAND

NOTE: This is an unpublished report, and it must be cited as such, e.g. "New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute, Forest Mensuration Report No. 18 (revised) 1974 (unpublished)". Permission to use any of its contents in print must first be obtained from the Director of the Production Forestry Division. INTRODUCTION

Comments on the early establishment and in New Zealandmostly appeared in letters and journals of military personnel. The first published paper known on this Arthur Ludlam, on the "Cultivation and Acclimatizationof Trees written for the New Zealand Exhibition, 1865 and published in Transactions ~Proceedings of the N.Z. Institute, 1868, pp. Ludlam's plantings, started in 1840 at , were later "McNab's Gardens" and for some years before 1900 aa "Bellevue The first known records of growth measurements belt of trees and shrubs at Ohinetahi, Governor's Bay, near The stand included 117 specimens of 77 different varieties Heights of 74 of these trees were measured in feet ·oeing measured later for the first time) all 1869, 1870, 1871 and 1872, with a final branches and girth of bole in feet and inches of 1878. This information is contained in an plantation" by T.H. Potts in the New Zealand November 1878, pp. 390-397, and Vol. 3, No. 1, of these trees will be recorded in the North No. 22.

In Vol. 4, 1971, pp. 367-369 of==-.::::;:;=.=.:= Institute, 1868, R. Pharazyn, FRGS, Wanganui". This was an interesting girth, height and spread of branches in feet nursery stock at ages from 3 to 5 years. In 29, 1896, pp. 393-412 T. Mason writes "An Account 1 'The Gums , Taita" (). Mason records 600-odd plants trees in this The were Pinus insig.nis and Eucalyptus globulus, both 120 information mentioned in this paragraph will be given in more lists general notes.

The earliest known record~ng of historic or is a list of 153 numbered historic indigenous and exotic Dr H.H. Allan, and published in the Journal .2.f. lli New~~~~~=.:=..::;;;:;:.;:;..:::;. Horticulture, June and September, 1940, and June 1941. trees in that list all except two survive today.

In August 1960, the New Zealand Forest a list, 11 "Historic and Notable Trees: List at July 1960 • This was W.H. Jolliffe and J. Johnson at Head Office, included all the trees in Dr Allan's list, as well as about 100 notable trees recorded Forest Service officers. It was anticipated that the combined list would be published but this was not done.

About the middle of 1963, the present author list of 210 notable exotic trees from measurements of hundreds of large trees many species and varieties recorded during the previous 12 years. This was published in the Journal of the Royal New Zealand Institute Vol. V, No. IV, September 1963, pp. 175-190, and issued as Reprint No. 51.

In June 1966, a NZFS officer, D. McEwen, under the direction of W.J. Wendelken, compiled 19 regional lists, aggregating exotic trees in categories of "Historic" and "Notable"; each subdivided according to national and local importance. The regions covered the whole of New Zealand, North Canterbury having the greatest number of trees (90), and Buller the smallest number (3). Following are the shown for this valuable contribution: 2

1. NZ Forest Service punch cards 2. NZ Forest Service List of Historic and Notable Trees, July 1960 3. NZ Forest Service Reprint No. 51 (Burstall, 1963) 4. Miscellaneous NZ Forest Service records 4A. "Big and Historic Trees" (old ledger in NZFS library, Wellington) 5. "The New Story of the Kauri", by A.H. Reed, 3rd ed. 1964 6. "Dictionary of New Zealand Biography", by G.H. Scholefield, in 2 volumes, Wellington, 1940 7. Dr Allan's list, Journal of the New Zealand Institute of Horticulture, Vol. 10 (1): 19-27, June 1940. Copies of these lists had been sent to the Forest Research Institute and also to the Secretary of the Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture. The possibility was considered of consolidating these lists with the large amount of information on historic and notable trees accumulated by the present author. After discussions with G. Duff and E.H. Bunn of FRI, the Head Office of the NZFS and the Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture were approached and both agreed to support the proposal. Because some of the regional lists are now complete and others are near completion, it has been decided to compile nine reports, by grouping two to three of the twenty territories to make up eight re~;onal reports, and by reviewing all historic and notable trees of national interest in another report. The regional groupings and their corresponding report numbers are as follows: NZFS FRI MENSURATION REPORTS: Historic and Notable Trees of New Zealand: No. 16 NORTHLAND, 17 , TH.AMES VALLEY - COROM.ANDEL, 18 POVERTY BAY, HAWKES BAY 19 TAR.ANAKI, WANGANUI, R.ANGITIKEI, CENTRAL 20 WAIRARAPA, MANAWATU, WELLINGTON 21 MARLBOROUGH, NELSON, WESTLAND 22 NORTH CANTERBURY, SOUTH CANTERBURY, 23 , SOUTHLAND 24 HISTORIC AND NOTABLE TREES OF NATIONAL INTEREST

DEFINITIONS Historic trees are defined as those commemorating important events in Maori history and legends or in European settlement. For planted trees, nationally historic specimens are limited to those 50 years and older in 1970, but for locally historic trees there is no such restriction. Notable trees are defined as those of species rare in New Zealand; of the earliest known plantings; and of large diameter, height or canopy spread.

Individual trees of national interest must be larger in any one of the three dimensions than any other of their species known in the country. 3

Decis.ions to include or exclude particular trees in the various categories •and particularly to include one specimen in preference to another of .approximately the same dimensions have sometimes caused difficulties. Inevitably subjective judgments have had to be made with which others may not agree, but the regional reports sometimes list several trees of the same species in a particular locality which could be regarded as co-equal, substitute or replacement individuals.

MEASUREMENTS

Diameter: For most trees, diameters were measured to the nearest centimetre at 1.36 metre (4 ft 6 in.) above ground level at its. highest point. :occasionally, however, because of low branching, diameters have been measured ,at or near ground level in centimetres, but for larger trees usually girth to the nearest 0.3 metres is recorded. Abbreviations for diameters are: dbh =diameter at breast height (1.36 m); diam. at 0.3 m =diameter at 0.3 m above ground level; diam. at G.L. = diameter at ground level; o.b. = over bark (all measurements are recorded over bark). No abbreviations will be used for girth measurements.

Height: Total height is the distance in metres between the highest point of ground at the base of a tree to the highest part of that tree. For some outstanding trees, both conifers and broadleaves, length of bole or height to the first major branch is.recorded in metres. Where possible, heights of all historic and notable trees of national importance have been measured by •instruments. Many trees of local importance have also been measured by using !instruments, but others have been estimated to the nearest 2 metre. Canopy spread: This measurement is usually confined to open-grown and partly open-grown broadleaves and to large spreading open-grown conifers. iFor most of the historic and notable trees of national importance the average iof the greatest and smallest canopy diameters shown in metres. For most of the trees of local importance only one measurement of canopy diameter was taken.

NOMENCLATURE

Much of the botanical information shown for trees in these reports has been supplied from tree owners, name plates on trees and other sources, and it has been impossible to check all names. Errors and omissions were therefore inevit~ble and the authQr would appreciate hearing of these. Because many of the exotic species recorded were not forest trees, difficulty has been experienced in checking and updating botanical names, especially those of varieties and . Botanical names largely follow Rehder's "Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs, 2nd ed. The other main references used were: "Forest Trees of Australia", Hall, Johnston and Chippendale "Hillier' s Manual of Trees and Shrubs"., 2nd ed. "A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae", Dallimore and Jackson, 9th ed. "The Flora of New Zealand", Pt 1, Allan

"A Dictionary of Flowering Plants and Ferns", Willi~, 7th ed. "Manual of Cultivated Plants", Bailey "Handbook of Trees and Shrubs for the Southern Hemisphere", Harrison To avoid confusion, common names for Eucalyptus species are not being recorded. In Australia these names vary both in different States and different districts inside States. 4

GROWTH POTENTIAL

Much has been written about the fast growth of many tree species introduced into New Zealand. Diameters of 70 to well over 100 inches have been repeatedly recorded for long-living species such as Californian Big Trees, redwoods, Douglas , and chestnuts at about 100 years of age. Many of these trees have shown an increase in diameter of about one inch annually over the past 14 years.

However, it is the trees with a shorter life span like poplars, some cypresses, and eucalypts that have reached dimensions not attained in their countries of origin. It could be fairly reliably stated that in New Zealand we have the second biggest poplar in the world, the thickest and tallest Radiata , the thickest and tallest Monterey cypress, the biggest of at least five eucalypts (E.viminalis and E.globulus) and the tallest Norfolk Island pine. It would appear to be a safe prediction that in say 50 years' time, a large and impressive international list could be compiled of "Notable Exotic Trees of New Zealand".

LIMITATIONS OF RECORDED DATA

A study of this nature could never be complete or up-to-date. It would be almost impossible in any region to visit every town or city garden or every corner of every park, and still more difficult to be sure of recording qualifying trees in every country home, outback station and woodlot. Again, some trees that are included in these lists are certain to be felled, perhaps even before the lists are published.

Public enthusiasm has helped the author to compile the lists and an appeal is made to any one to write to the Forest Research Institute at any time suggesting possible notable trees that could qualify for future lists. A report on the loss of any listed tree would also be appreciated. The author hopes that these lists will eventually be revised, and is confident that the interest the lists will create will influence someone in updating them in the future.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author has been working on this project at intervals for the past 20 years. During that time many workmates, friends and other tree enthusiasts have contributed greatly to these lists (many by correspondence). The greatest help received has been from the New Zealand Forest Service, through conservancy, Head Office and FRI officers, by their tolerance and encouragement in the early stages and constructive assistance of the past six years. Most prominent of these officers are Messrs M.H. Bannister, E.H. Bunn, C.G.R. Chavasse, G. Duff, D.S. Jackson, J.L. Nicholls, G.C. Weston, Mrs Barbara Knlwles, and the late T.N. Wardrop. Finally, W.J. Sykes of Division, DSIR, has willingly undertaken many identifications.

Regional acknowledgments will be expressed in the introductory notes to individual regional lists. EAST COAST - POVERTY BAY GENERAL NOTES

EXOTICS Page 4 of Report No. 18 of this series, April 1970, mentions: 11 ••••• hopes to revise these lists in five years' time". Swveys of region in 1973 suggested that the revision was desirable. An added incentive to revise the report was 's compilation of tree Eastwood.hill and Abbottsford arboreta and his generous offer of the all his information in this As the area north of Poverty known as East Coast, was virtually not represented by exotic species 1970 report, the title of this section of the report has been changed "East Coast - Poverty Bay".

Although Ash Cunningham has done an excellent job of describing indigenous forests in the full report, the few historic and more individual trees will be mentioned.

East Coast is a narrow farming district extending from above Bay, almost due south . It is undulating to hilly country, with many fertile and rich river flats throughout, congenial climate. The size and quality of many exotic trees is as few seem to have been before 1890. At Kaharau Station, near , is a fine grove of exotics and a large weeping type of totara, all planted in 1892, two trees that are the largest of their species in New Zealand, with two other species being the second largest. Puketiti Station, west of Te ·Puia Springs, has a redwood with the diameter recorded. Features of this station are the conifers in ~~AvU groups close to the , and several plantations of pines, firs and cypresses planted from 1 onwards. Of the many indigenous trees near the homestead is a good kauri, a small grove of puriri and a large red beech, all planted about 1909 by A B. \Ulliams, who established the station. The largest puriri was Mr William's favourite tree on the property In the valleys and river flats in the district are endless rows and groups of willows, with the odd plantings of the golden species very prominent. There are rare and subtropical in the coastal villages.

Poverty Bay can claim to have the first known exotic tree plantings in New Zealand below the Manukau Harbour, an English and common walnut, planted by Captain Harris in 1837 at . Both still survive, although the oak is now reduced to a single, long branch. Other early plantings recorded were by missionaries at the nearby Turanga Mission in 1842 at the Waerenga-a-Hika mission and Maori college site in 1860. Tree planting boomed in the district following the establishment of a nursery in Gisborne by Henry Bull about 1870, stock and seeds being sent from Ballarat, Victoria. Trees recorded in the 90 to 100 year age class include: Moreton Bay lilly-pilly, plane tree, blackwood, Norfolk Island pine and hibiscus, , lime, swamp cypress, box elder, pepper tree, poplar, Holm oak, copper beech and North American conifers. As high country stations were established in the 1880s and 1890s, further plantings were made, chiefly Lombardy poplar. Until the autumn of 1973, when poplar rust first appeared, this species was as colourful as those in a:ny of the country. One feature of the region is the presence of many species of rare subtropical flowering shrubs and trees that flourish along the coastal areas. This should encourage local horticulturists to establish an of such species. Len Ormond has the basis for such a project and the Botanical Gardens at Gisborne have many such trees and shrubs. Indigenous entries in the lists include that valuable asset the·district, Grey's Bush, a very large kahikatea in an interesting group of the same species near , and two outstanding karakas, a tall specimen with an excellent trunk up River Road, and a very large old tree in hill country up Road, off the -Waikaremoana Road. 6

EASTWOODHILL ARBORETUM, - 1973

Following is Bob Berry's introduction to his 82 page checklist of the above arboretum. "This arboretum was the creation of the late William Douglas Cook (1884- 1967). Mr Cook acquired Eastwoodhill in the year 1910. Although large numbers of trees and shrubs were bought from New Zealand nurserymen and planted in the first 20 years or so, it was in the late 1930s that Mr Cook began importing plants of a type rarely found in New Zealand. After an interval during the 1939-45 war, importing plants recommenced about 1947 and continued until about 1963-65. The bulk of this importing was from the nursery of Hillier & Sons, Winchester, England. Plants and seeds were obtained from other overseas sources also.

About one half of the total area consisting of 130 ha (325 ac) is occupied by the arboretum section.

Distance from Gisborne is approximately 35.5 km (22 miles) in a NW direction. A good sealed road runs for the whole distance.

Altitude at the homestead is 120 m (400 ft) with higher ridges to the north and west. Topography varies from being fairly flat to short, steep ridges. Soils are a mixture of clay, which is derived from the basal mudstone, and rhyolitic volcanic ash. This ash has been eroded off the steeper slopes to accumulate on the lower and more level areas. On the less steep hills the ash forms a superficial layer about 25 cm (10 m) thick. Rainfall averages about 1000 mm (40 in.) Frosts are usually around 4-7 degrees Celsius, occasionally higher. In 1965 Mr Cook sold Eastwood.hill to the present owner, Mr H.B. Williams. The policy in recent years has been to maintain the arboretum and clear away competing vegetation, followed by grazing with sheep to control unwanted regeneration. This has ma.de the arboretum much more accessable without harming anything of value. Fencing has been upgraded, with protection for a few smaller plants.

Mr Cook had various lists and notes, which he had intended to bring up to date and combine with a map into a more comprehensive form. However there was always more planting to take priority. These lists and notes, together with old nursery invoices, have of course been invaluable in compiling this present list.

Cultivated species of some shrubby genera have been left out of this list, an example~ being CAMELLIA, of which some 250 have been planted. An exception has been ma.de in the case of HHODODENDRON, this being felt due to the memory of W.D. Cook as a founder of the Trust. Not every plant has been found or identified and there are still 'finds' to be made. This should be easier now that much second growth has been cleared away. Most specimens have been given stamped lead labels, except the very old trees. Some labels have been lost.

Since the first list was printed a visit was made to Eastwoodhill by Mr W.R. Sykes of the Botany Division, DSIR, who identified a few doubtful specimens and collected many others for future study. When this study is completed, no doubt more changes in the list will be necessary. In the meantime the present list has incorporated all extra data collected since the original list was completed. More recently Mr S.W. Burstall of Rotorua bas been to Eastwoodhill in connection with his study of 'Historic and Notable Trees of NZ'. Mr Burstall randomly measured over 20 trees, the height of which indicate that the 1962 estimates were rather low. Mrs Scrivener of Inglewood also spent some days at Eastwoodhill and found a few extra plants as well as a number of overlooked labels. 7

I wish to express thanks to Mr H.B. Williams, for permission to compile this list. Thanks are due to Mr Williams' manager at Eastwoodhill, Mr W. Crooks, who was most helpful; as Mr Crooks helped with most of the planting, his assistance was invaluable. Thanks also to Mr W.H. Way, for encouragement and liaison work in the preliminary stages, to Mr C. Pilbrow, for donating the excellent grid map and to G.C. Weston, Forest Research Institute, for several helpful suggestions; to D.E. McQueen, NZ Forest Service, Gisborne, for having the original list stencilled copies printed; finally, to Mrs Scrivener and Messrs Sykes and Burstall for their extra (Tiniroto, August, 1973.)"

I first visited Eastwoodhill during an afternoon late in May 1962, and witnessed the glory of autumn colouring, returning with Graham Weston of FRI early in September year for an overnight stay. The flowering shrubs and trees were and the masses of daffodils, etc. were at their best. A fortnight Graham, Bob Jackson (also of FRI) and I made a three day visit: the result was a modest survey of a number of trees my more learned colleagues to identify. Of this visit Graham Weston wrote a report, listing trees measured and others observed, probably the first official document on the plantings. One of the greatest tributes to Cook's lifetime work is that Hillier's Nurseries, of England, who supplied most of the plants, have asked Bob Berry for seeds from trees now rare or unobtainable in

ABBOTSFORD STATION, TINIROTO - 1974

Following is Bob s introduction to his 83 page checklist of the above arboretum.

"The object of this to place on record the sizes and positions of most of the trees and present growing on the station. It is hoped to check future from time to time.

Where a large number specimens of any kind occur, only a fe~ have been recorded. This is particularly the case in regard to native plants growing naturally on the

The station is situated about 4 km by road from Tiniroto in the north­ west direction. Distance from Gisborne is about 67 km, and from 50 km. Altitude at the homestead is 235 m, varying from a bout 120 to 373 m for the station as a whole.

Topography in the area appears to be the result of an old landslide which occurred about 6000 years ago. The two small lakes shown on the grid map were formed at this time. The dimensions of the lakes is about 10 ha, with a maximum depth of about 22 m for Karangata, and about 5 ha, with a depth of 4.5 m for Kaikiore. Soils on the slopes and also the subsoil are derived from a yellow clay which has weathered from-the basal papa (mudstone). On the easier slopes and flat areas soils have derived from a superficial deposit up to 50 cm thick of rhyolitic volcanic ash (pumice) deposited by eruptions from the centre of the N9rth Island at periods ranging from 1850 to 3200 years ago, with small amounts of age. Small areas of soil are derived from old lake and swamp deposits. Mixtures of all three soils occur through down­ washing in places. 8

The region was subject to frequent fires in pre-European times, which resulted in much of the original forest cover being replaced by bracken fern and Leptospermum scrub. Following European settlement, which commenced in the late 1880s, much of this forest remnant and the bracken covered areas were replaced by grass. Relatively large diameter open grown specimens mainly of Podocarp, totara and Cordyline australis date from this period.

The largest remnant of native forest is about 7 ha in area. Many exotic trees were planted, the most common being Lombardy poplar which was planted in large numbers along fencelines as line posts. However, planting exotics in great variety has mainly been done in the last twenty years.•

Rainfall records have been kept for only a few years, during which time annual rainfall has varied between 1420 mm and 1955 mm, averaging about 1650 mm. Frosts reach -9 degrees Celsius or so, occasionally more. Snow falls occasionally, but not every winter. Usual snowfall is about 12-25 mm, soon melting; heavier falls occur more rarely, the usual maximum being about 100 mm, but 230 mm was measured at the homestead about 15 years ago.

The accompanying grid map covers an area equavalent to about 128 ha, out of an area of 756 ha for the station as a whole." (The introduction concludes with a layout of the text, showing botanical and common names, natural habitat, measurements, comments etc. All measurements were taken in 1973. SWB.)

A significant feature of the above introduction has been Bob Berry's modesty in so briefly mentioning that " ••••• planting exotios in great variety has mainly been done in the last twenty years". Probably 90-95 percent of the 1400-odd trees and shrub species listed have been planted in this period. Approximately half of the species recorded represent the following genera, number of species for each being shown (and for further interest, where comparable, number of species growing at Eastwoodhill are shown in brackets): Acacia 17 (12), Acer 56 (93), Betula 14 (21), Eucalyptus 28, Grevillea 15 (1), Hebe 15- of these, 14 and 27 other indigenous species not common to this area have been :planted in the past twenty years, 26 (41), Populus 144, Prunus 44 \165), Quercus - a collection including many cultivars and hybrids 103 (so), Rhododendron 160 (200), Salix 73. Many of the species in the checklist are rare and most countries in the world are represented.

The planning and creation of this fine arboretum has been a remarkable achievement, the thorough inventory no less remarkable. With Bob Berry's dedication there appears no limit to the distinction that this mixed tree garden could attain in the future. 9

THE INDIGENOUS FORESTS OF EAST COAST - POVERTY BAY, HAWKES BAY

Notes supplied by Ash Cunningham, NZ Forest Service, Napier

After his first view of Poverty Bay (and incidentally of New Zealand) 11 in 1769, Captain James Cook described it in these words ••••• the face of the County is of a hilly surface and appears to be cloathed with wood and Verdure". lfot all of the east coast was forested, however. Further south, much of central Hawkes Bay lay under scrub and fern. During the course of the past century most of the formerly forested hill country of Poverty Bay was converted into pasture, a course of action which led to deep-seated slumping and erosion. This serious development has recently culminated in the planned replanting of trees over large areas of the most sensitive land. Deforestation also led to widespread slipping in Hawkes Bay in the 1930s, but here the underlying rock was not so hygroscopic as the bentonitic clays of Poverty Bay, and the use of aerial topdressing and oversowing, as well as judicious planting of poplars and other trees, has regained soil stability in most places. In the mountains, however, more serious trouble arose towards the end of last century, when repeated fires were allowed to sweep the southern Kaweka and northern Ruahine ranges to induce native grasses for increasing numbers of sheep. This led to the development of thousands of hectares of severe erosion, and in turn to aggradation of river beds emerging from the mountains, with the consequent threat of flooding on the Ruataniwha and Heretaunga Plains.

Little of the pre-European lowland vegetation remains intact, particularly in Hawkes Bay. Small forest reserves such as Morere, Waipatiki, White Pine Bush and Tangoio Falls are considerably modified by introduced animals, especially goats and opossums.

The Hawkes Bay-Poverty Bay region is bounded to the west by mountain ranges rising in places to 1700 m. The highest point is Mt Hikurangi (1753 m) in the Raukum.ara Range, which has the distinction of being the first place in New Zealand to get the rising sun each day. From the east, Hikurangi and its neighbour Aorangi make an impressive sight. The is flanked by podocarp/hardwood forest; the hardwoods include kamahi, tawa, rewarewa, rata,with hard, black and red beech. On higher slopes these merge with silver beech, which may dominate the crest of the ranges. Kaikawa.ka is also locally common on higher parts of the Raukumara Range. Further north a rather similar pattern occurs on the Huiarau and Maungataniwha portions of the Urewera forests. Lower valleys may contain fine stands of rimu and matai, with beech, tawa and other hardwoods, while pockets of predominantly tawa forest commonly occur south and east of . Southwards again, particularly in the valley of the River, are extensive tracts of hardwood forest left after logging or partial burning. These may be kamahi with scattered maire, pokaka, or moribund podocarps, or there may be extensive areas of kanuka. Further inland tanekaha and toatoa can be found, while the higher slopes have great belts of red and silver beech, the latter often occurring as pure stands on the ridge crests. Mountain beech occurs very locally in the north but almost replaces silver beech on the higher ridges of the southern Huiarau Range. West of the Napier-Taupo highway such hardwood forest fringing the Ahimanawa Range gives way to rimu, matai and red beech, and then extensive mixed red, silver and mountain beech, with mountain toatoa, pink pine and broadleaf on the very highest ridges.

Tracts of hardwood forest around Te Pohue are the result of logging and burning of former dense podocarp forest. At Ball's Clearing, near Puketitiri, is an exceptionally fine stand of rimu, kahikatea, maire and matai, a remnant of a more extensive forest in this area. 10

By the turn of the century the forest on the lowlands had been reduced by burning and milling to the few remnants to be seen today, and the lower flanks of the Ruahine Ranges had also been largely cleared. The heyday of sawmilling was between 1885 and 1905, when the dense matai and totara forests in the Dannevirke district (the famous 40 mile bush) were cleared by Scandinavian settlers and provided building and fencing timbers for much of Wellington and Hawkes Bay provinces. In the northeastern valleys of the Kaweka Range further pockets of rimu exist, but the forests of most of this range comprise red, silver or mountain beech. Silver beech, like kamahi, is confined to the north of the range. The southern Kaweka and northern Ruahine ranges are, except for forest · remnants in the gullies, largely covered with manuka, kanuka, or low scrub­ hardwood forest, but there are some unusual podocarp or beech associations. Examples are Paramahao, Boyds, and Blowhard Bush. Paramahao bush is heavy mixed podocarps with black beech admixture, nowadays a very rare forest type. Boyds Bush on the inland Patea road is a remnant of red and mountain beech with rimu, miro and matai. Blowhard Bush is a remnant of podocarp forest on limestone countJ:IY cof the central Hawkes Bay hinterland. On the Burns Range mountain beech exceeding 150 cm in diameter have been recorded. Fire-induced kanuka exceeding 60 cm in diameter can be found in Big·Hill Stream.

The eastern slopes of the are steep, and the altitudinal zones of forest are more sharply divided than those to the north. The pattern is similar; a fringe of mixed rimu-red beech-black beech forest giving way on steeper slopes to red and mountain beech with Hall's totara, then mountain beech near the timberline. Where the lower slopes have been logged, as in the Makaroro Valley, there is now dense regeneration of rimu and red beech. In the central Ruahines the mountain beech zone may also include mountain toatoa, pink pine and kaikawaka. In the southern Ruahines, where the rivers feed into the Manawatu, these latter species persist, but the beech forest is replaced by kamahi, and rata was once abundant on the mid-valley slopes. Nearly all the rata and much of the kamahi has been killed by opossums and subsequent pathogens. Where these two species once dominated the forest structure has, in recent decades, been al.most completely destroyed, and although the lower fringe of podocarp forest was also badly damaged, this is now starting to recover. Opossum and red deer are almost ubiquitous throughout the mountain forests of Hawkes Bay and Poverty Bay, though deer have only in recent years appeared in the northern ranges. Opossums are less abundant in beech forest and above 1000 m. Sika deer are scattered throughout the upper catchments of the Mohaka, Tutaekuri and Ngaruroro Rivers. Pigs, goats, cattle and in places sheep have all played a part in modifying the forests of the ranges, but the steady application of control measures has reduced the numbers of these animals in most areas.

In Kaweka and Ruahine Forest Parks and other protection forests administered by the Forest Service, and in Urewera National Park, control of fire and animals is given the highest management priority, and slowly these forests are regaining something of their pristine richness and their ability to regulate catchment water flow. 11

ACKNOWLEDGMENT FOR LOCAL LISTS

Grateful thanks to Bob Berry for assistance in this revision. I am particularly grateful for the tedious job of checking entries from Eastwoodhill and Abbottsf ord, for advising on potential data throughout the region, for his company on field trips, for identification of local species and for the warm hospitality of Bob and Mrs Berry.

Thanks to Mrs Molly Taylor of Gisborne, a keen horticulturist with an intimate knowledge of trees, for help on field trips and providing historic data on many old trees; also for kind hospitality. Mrs Taylor is a granddaughter of Henry Bull, Gisborne's first nurseryman. ·

Others who helped considerably are Bill Crooks, manager of Eastwood.hill, Fred Faulkner, Mrs Dorothy Clarke, Ron Holden, Len Grey of Ormond, Rob Bayly :Of Wainui for a pleasant field trip, C.S. Williams of Kaharau, Meyrick Williams of Hastings, Parks and Reserve officers of Gisborne and Forest Service district office staff of Gisborne and others. For help in the whole report, thanks to Ash Cunningham of Napier for his indigenous notes, to W.R. Sykes of the Botany Division, DSIR for identifying many species, to John Nicholls for checking indigenous entries, Chris Ecroyd for check:i.J:lg all data, to G. Duff for editing the report and to Faith Norrie for the many draft copies and final typing.

PHOTOGRAPHS

Unless otherwise stated, photographs in this report were taken by the author. EAST COAST - POVERTY BAY

INDIGENOUS HISTORIC TREES (1) NATIONAL INTEREST

Metrosideros excelsa, Pohutukawa. District High School, Te Araroa, East Coast. There are 22 branches growing from just above GL to 1.5 m. In 1962 the diameter of the largest branch was 122 cm, and the smallest 41 cm. Height was 19.7 m, girth at GL 17.3 m, and canopy spread 36.7 m. From legends relating to early local Maori history the tree has been known by the name "Te Waha-o-Rerekohu". Mrs Jean Abley of NZ Broadcasting Corporation, Rotorua, provided notes on early history of the area, and J.L. Nicholls, scientist, Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, has provided the following brief account of the naming of the tree, compiled from these notes: "The translation of this name is 'the Mouth of Rerekohu'. Rerekohu was a notable chief of this district about 250 years ago. Maori elders give two alternative explanations of this traditional name for the giant pohutukawa. One version states that the name was first given to a large storehouse (pataka) that Rerekohu had built at this place. Such a storehouse might well become famous, because Maori chiefs of older days could win great popularity as generous dispensers of food to their kinsfolk, and as lavish hosts to other tribes with whom they sought alliances. It is said that Rerekohu had a special advantage as the people of a tribe conquered by his ancestors had to pay him tribute in the form of the choicest sea foods they could find. A second version ascribes the building of the storehouse to his father, Hukarereiti, whose pa stood on the site of the present school grounds. Tributes of food for the male child of noble lineage were brought by the people to this storehouse, hence the name. Both versions agree that the pohutukawa was growing near the storehouse and that Rerekohu transferred the name to it when he went to live at Hicks Bay and the storehouse fell into disuse. There is no doubt, of course, that this great pohutukawa is at least 250 years old. The school is also called 'Te Waha-o-Rerekohu' • The land was given to the Crown about 85 years ago by Hatiwira Houkamau, a direct descendant of Rerekohu. He was assured by the Government that the tree, a link with the past very precious to his people, would always be protected." Hort. List ( 1941) No. 46

Podocarpus hallii, Hall's Totara. On an island on , Waikaremoana. The late Elsdon Best found this tree damaged by Maoris and carved his initials on it. 14

INDIGENOUS HISTORIC TREES (2) LOCAL INTEREST

Alectr;yon excelsus, Titoki. Waerenga-a-Hika, site of old mission station and Maori college. Dbh 71 cm, height 6 m, spread 13.7 m, in 1969. Close to the large English oak and probably planted about the same time.

Cordyline australis, Cabbage Tree. M.L. Vette, Nanutuke. Dbh 104 cm, height 14.7 m, in 1973. Probably planted c.1860 by M. Murphy, one of the early settlers in the district.

Corynocarpus laevigatus, Karaka. Otoko, County. Remote froni any others of the species and stated by Dr H.H. Allan to have been planted in pre-European days. Hort. List (1941) No. 47

Metrosideros excelsa, Pohutukawa. In front of the Courthouse, Customhouse Street, Gisborne. The tree was severely damaged during gales in April 1968 ~nd afterwards pollarded to about 4.7 m. When seen in 1973 the tree was fully foliaged, having made a splendid recovery. It was planted in 1892 to commemorate the opening of a new courthouse building. This was destroyed by fire in 1959. Probably the best known tree in Gisborne city.

Metrosideros excelsa, Pohutukawa. Behind the vicarage, Cobden Street, Gisborne. Girth at GL 6.3 m in 1969, when all 10 leaders had been topped to 4 m. This tree has flourished and it must have been one of the earliest trees planted at the vicarage by Archdeacon L.W. Williams.

Dagrycarpu§ dacrydioides, Kahikatea. Grey' s Bush Domain, Upper Ormond Road, Gisborne. Dbh 76 cm, height 36.3 m, with a good trunk to 24.3 m, in 1973. A fine example of indigenous species in this well-cared-for recreational area. A nearby puriri is being recorded as notable of local interest. Vitex lucens, Puriri. A 10 minute walk up a track from the highway opposite the Hicks Bay Motor Lodge. Girth at b.h. 8 m, height c.18 m, with a clear trunk on the western side to 8 m; at 3.7 m on the eastern side a 1.3 m branch spreads 15.3 m; at 5 ma slightly smaller one also spreads the same distance, and the tree then breaks into three semi-erect branches. This could be the largest and best tree of this species on the East Coast. A nearby tree of the same species is almost dead; it has a large trunk but no top above 6 m. It is well worth a walk up the track to see these very old trees and also a glorious view of the bay. 15

INDIGENOUS NOTABLE TREES ( 1 ) NATIONAL INTEREST

Corynocarpus laevigatus, Kara.ka. N.W. & E.J. Alford, 23 km up Ohuk:a. Road, off the Frasertown-Waikaremoana Road. Dbh 212 cm, height 9.) m, spread 17.3 m, in 1973. This is a remarkable tree: {a) for its size, (b) for its age, (c) that it is growing at over 300 m above sea level and surely must have been planted, and (d) that there is no sign of any natural regeneration o~ any other tree of the species in the locality. Odd ngaio, nikau palms and other coastal species not common to the locality, were observed nearby. The partly decayed and broken trunk above b.h. leads to the thought that the tree could have'been much larger and taller, perhaps 200 years ago. Upper branches and foliage are normal and healthy. Compared to the historic tree at Rallett's Bay, Taupo (see p.52, Report No. 17), the largest of this species previously recorded and estimated to be almost 250 years old, this tree must be over 500 years of age. Cor.vnocarpus laevigatus, Karalal. A short distance on the right past T.R. Holden's Rimuroa, Riverside Road, Gisborne. Dbh 81 cm, height 19.7 m, with a clear trunk to 8.7 m, in 1973. In a group of kohekohe, with two large titoki nearby. This is the tallest of this species known in New Zealand. There is no sign of any regeneration from the tree, and it must have been planted in pre-European days. 16

INDIGENOUS NOTABLE TREES (2) LOCAL INTEREST

Agathis australis, Kauri. T.A. Corson, Riverside Road, Gisborne. Dbh 53 cm, hei~ht 18 m, in 1973. The largest of this species seen in the region. ~At D.O.B. Williams's, Puketiti, East Coast, is a fine tree 28 cm x 19.3 m in 1973, planted in 1909.) Alectryon excelsus, Titoki. Near tall karaka, Riverside Road, Gisborne. Dbh 67 cm, height 10.7 m, in 1973. Larger of two trees. (Beside the vicarage, Cobden Street, Gisborne is an old tree 57 cm x 11 m x 12., m in 1973, probably planted by Archdeacon L.W. Williams.) Beilschmiedia tawa, Tawa. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 63 cm, height 20 m, in 1973. Carpodetus serratus, Putaputaweta. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 40 cm, height 7.7 m, in 1973. Typical open-grown tree.

Coprosma robusta, Karamu. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 13 cm, height 7 m, in 1973. Typical size, common everywhere.

Cordyline australis, Cabbage Tree. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 114 cm, height 15.3 m, in 1973. Taller of two large trees.

Dacrydium cupressinum, Rimu. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 85 cm, height 22 m, in 1973. A nearby tree was 25 m tall. {Beside the front lawn, Puketiti Station, East Coast, there is a fine tree 49 cm x 14 m in 1973.)

Elaeocarpus dentatus, Hinau. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 76 cm, height 12 m, in 1973. Trees with smaller diameters are up to 15 m.

Elaeocarpus hookerianus, Pokaka. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 64 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. (A slightly thinner tree was t8 m tall.) Fuchsia excorticata, Kotukutuku. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 42 cm, height 8 m, in 1972. Common in gullies.

Geniostoma ligustrifolium, Hangehange. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 7 cm, height 5.5 m, in 1973. Common in shady places. Tall for this species.

Hoheria populnea 'Osbornei', Houhere, nacebark. R. Berry, Abbotsford, Tiniroto. Dbh 22 cm, height 6 m, in 1973. Planted 1955. Not indigenous to this area.

Hoheria sexstylosa, Houhere. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 33 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. Very tall for this species, which is common in the district.

Knightia excelsa, Rewarewa. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 7 cm, height 7 m, in 1973. A single tree except seedlings. Planting date unknown.

Leptospermum ericoides, Kanuka. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 44 cm, height 18 m, in 1973. Oldest specimen on the property. Lophomyrtus obcordata (syn. Myrtus obcordata), Rohutu. R. Berry, Abbotsford station, Tiniroto. Dbh 16 cm, height 8 m, in 1973.

Meryta sinclairii, Puka. H.B. Williams, Turihaua Station, Coast Road, Gisborne. Dbh 23 cm, height 4.7 m, in 1973. The better of two good trees.

Metrosideros excelsa, Pohutukawa. T.R. Holden, Rimuroa, Riverside Road, Gisborne. Girth at 0.3 m, 5.7 m, height 19 m, spread 18.3 m, in 1973. Well sited near the old homestead.

Metrosideros diffusa, Rata Vine. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station·, Tiniroto. Dbh 13 cm, height 25 m, in 1973. On a podocarp.

Myoporum laetum, Ngaio. Behind the vicarage, Cobden Street, Gisborne. Diam. at 1 m, 63 cm, height 9 m, s~read 10.7 m, in 1969. An old tree planted in the missionary days. \A small tree 23 cm x 5 m is the only one surviving at Berry's Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto.)

Myrsine australis, Red Matipo, Mapou. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 33 cm, height 12 m, in 1973. A tall tree.

Myrsine salicina, Toro. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 33 cm, height 11 m, in 1973. The only one surviving.

Nest&gis ~unninghftmii (syn. ~ .£1!E!lin~hamii), Black Maire. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 58 cm, height 10 m, in 1973.

Neste.gis lanceolata (syn. ~ l~q_eolata), White Maire. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 70 cm, height 20 m, in 1973. Fairly common.

Nothofagus fusca, Red Beech. D.O.B. Williams, Puketiti Station, East Coast. Dbh 89 cm, height 22.3 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1973. A fine tree at the back of the homestead. (R. Berry, Tiniroto, has a small tree 21 cm x 12 m in 1973; planted 1951.)

Olearia ~' Heketara. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 23 cm, height 8 m, in 1973. Fairly common.

Paratrophis microphylla., Turepa, Milk Tree. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 35 cm, height 10 m, in 1973. Occasional.

Pittosporum eugenioides, Tara.ta, Lemonwood. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 8 cm, height 7.5 m, in 1973.

Pittospo~u.m tenuifolium, Kahuhu, Black Matipo. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 41 cm, height 10 m, in 1973. Very common.

Pittosporum tenuifolium x ralphii, . R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 27 cm, height 8 m, in 1973. Leaves 9 x 3 cm.

Pittosporum ralphii, Karo. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 30 cm, height 9 m, in 1973. Occasional.

Dac:rycarpusdacrydioides, Kahikatea. Beside the Hangaroa river in the Ruakaka Bridge Reserve of the Cook County Council near Tiniroto. Diam. at 1.8 m, 213 cm, height 44 m, with a good trunk to c.18 m, in 1973. The largest tree of this species in the district. (There is a good stand of trees surrounding the big tree, with kahikatea estimated to reach 46 m in height and up to 130 cm in DBH. There are also a few smaller matai and totar,a of good form. The largest of this species at Abbotsford Station was 176 cm x 30 m in 1973.) 18

Podocarpus ferrugineus, Miro. D.O.B. Williams, Puketiti Station, East Coast. Dbh 33 cm, height 15.7 m, in 1973. In a grove of native trees planted c.1909. Podocarpus spicatus, Matai. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 71 cm, height 18 m, in 1973. The largest of many trees. Podocarpus totara, Totara. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 114 cm, height 21 m, with a clear stem to 4.7 m, in 1973. Young trees of 10 m are common on the station. (In a fine grove of exotics at c.:s. Williams's, Kaharau, East Coast, is an unusual tree 117 cm at 0.3 m x 14.7 m x 15.3 m in 1973. This tree was probably topped years ago and the large canopy has branchlets drooping to ground level; a similar­ sized tree is at the Sunnyvale Motel and Motor Camp, Morere, being 112 cm at 0.7 m, x 14.7 m x 15.3 m in 1973 - this tree is believed to be over 100 years old; a fine tree at Puketiti Station, East Coast, planted in 1919, was 63.7 cm x 18.7 m, with a good trunk to 6.7 m, in 1973, planted c.1909. The species has been widely cultivated in the region.) Pseudopanax arboreus (syn. Neopanax arboreum), Houhou, Fivefinger. R. Berry, Abbotsford, Tiniroto. Dbh 44 cm, height 10.7 m, in 1973. This tree was not planted but is believed to be 38 years old. Pseudopanax crassifoliu:s, Horoeka, Lancewood. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Diam. at 0.5 m, 66 cm, height 7.3 m, in 1973. (A smaller tree planted in the garden in 1940 was 18 cm x 6.7 m in 1973. At Puketiti Station, East Coast is a tree 28 cm x 7.7 m in 1973.) Sophora tetraptera, Kowhai. R. Berry, Abbotsford Station, Tiniroto. Dbh 68 cm, height 8 m, in 1973. A double-leadered tree on the property was 15 m in 1973. (At Dr J.S. Beedie's, 73 Esplanade, Gisborne, is a very old tree with girth at GL 4 x m 9 mx 9 m in 1973 - the tree still flowers well.) Vitex lucens, Puriri. Grey's Bush Domain, Ormond Road, Gisborne. Dbh 81 cm, height 26 m, with a good trunk to 3.7 m, in 1973. A fine looking tree to the left of the main track. 19

EXOTIC HISTORIC TREES (2) LOCAL INTEREST

Araucaria heterophylla (syn. A.excelsa), Norfolk Island Pine. Miss L.F. Hatten, Main Road, Ormond. Dbh 132 cm, height 37.3 m, in 1969. Planted by Miss Hatten's father in 1884. Hatten arrived in Auckland on the Zealandia in 1874 and admired the Norfolk pines while entering the Waitemata harbour; he vowed to plant one as soon as he got settled. From 1882 to 1915 he ran a daily coach service from Ormond to Gisborne. He died in 1954 soon after his 100th birthday.

Metaseguoia glyptostroboides, Dawn Redwood, E Szechwan and W.Hupeh, China. Eastwood.hill, Wharekopae Road, between Ngatapa and Rere 9 . Dbh 65 cm, height 16 m, in 1973. Planted by the late Mr W. Douglas Cook in 1949 from seed sent to him from the Smithsonian Institution, Washington. It is well sited at the end of the driveway to the homestead. Mr Cook was very proud of this tree and it would be a suitable memorial to the man who created this outstanding botanical garden, now of a high international standard. Many Eastwoodhill trees are featured in this report.

Quercus robur (syn. g.pedunculata), Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. J.W. Clark, Opou station, Manutuke. Planted near the large walnut in 1837 by Captain W. Harris to honour the birth of his second son Henry. At the time Harris had a trading station in the area. Following is a Forest Service officer 1 s description of dimensions of the oak in 1951: "dbh 42 in.,height 65 ft. forks at 10 ft from ground. Limb diameters, 30 in., 24 in., 15 in. and 12 in., branch spread 75 ft". A visit to the tree in 1969 showed that it had beensplit open by the Wahine gale in 1968; only the largest branch, resting on the ground, remained attached to the damaged stump. The branch then measured 33.3 m in length. Mrs Clark had the largest of the fallen branches milled. R.M. Nicoll seasoned the timber and made three oak chests for the Clark children. These trees were probably the first exotics to be planted in this region.

Quercus robur (syn. Q.pedunculata), Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. Turanga Mission station, Manutuke. Dbh 124 cm, height 13 m, spread 24.3 m, in 1969. Larger of two trees planted c.1850-60. The marae close to the trees is called "Whakato", which means "to plant", because here was "planted" the Turanga. mission station in 1842 when transferred from Kaupa.pa. On the marae also, the Diocese of Waiapu had its beginnings.

Quercus robur (svn. ~.pedunculata), Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. Waerenga-a-Hika, site of an old mission station and Maori College. Dbh 164 cm, height 21.3 m, spread 27.3 m, in 1969. The tree is said to have been planted c.1860, to mark a corner boundary of the mile­ square original mission property. This fine oak was found while a search was being made for recently-felled gums that were credited as Hort List. (1941) No. 128. Salix sp., Willow. Probably the progenitor of many willow trees around Poverty Bay. The following is an extract from " A Pioneer Missionary Among the Maoris, 1850-1879", being letters and journals of Thomas Samuel Grace, .p. 4: "1 st October 1850 - Arrived in Poverty Bay. Growth is prodigious. In the garden there is a willow tree which Mr Williams tells me, has been planted only eight years. My curiosity led me to measure this tree. Its girth is 4 ft 6 inches!" The garden was that of the Turanga Mission. Rev. Grace stayed at this mission station for three years before transferring to Taupo. (An early offspring of this tree could be the giant willow recorded in this section under trees of notable, national interest.) . 20

Sequoiadendron giganteum, Californian Big Tree. Close to the homestead, Opou station. Dbh 235 cm, height 32.7 m, in 1973. One of a grove of exotics, mostly conifers, planted by Henry Bull c.1869. He was the first nurseryman in Gisborne and obtained seeds for his first plantings from a fellow nurseryman in Ballarat, Victoria. Bull is believed to have established the apple "Ballarat seedling" in New Zealand.

Ulmus procera (syn. U.campestris), Common English Elm. "Te Rau Kahikatea", early home of Archdeacon L.W. Williams, now the Vicarage, Gisborne. Two excellent trees planted c.1876. Diameters in 1969 were 134 and 132 cm at b.h., heights were 31 • 3 and 32. 3 m. The trees are a landmark for this part of the city. 21

EXOTIC NOTABLE TREES (1) NATIONAL INTEREST

Acacia melano:;ylon, Blackwood, Tasmania and Victoria. C.I. Scott Estate, The Willows, Waipaoa. Dbh 133 cm, height 20 m, spread 27.3 m, in 1973. To the right of the entrance gateway. The largest of this species recorded in New Zealand. A nearby small grove is the best yet seen.

Acer negundo, Box Elder, N America. Domain, Patutahi. Dbh 131 cm, height 16.7 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1973. Larger of two trees and the largest recorded. There are many trees of this species in most parts of the region.

~ opalus, Italian , S Europe. Botanical Gardens, Gisborne. Diam. at 1.3 m, 50 cm, height 8 m, spread 12.3 m, in 1973. A rare tree in New Zealand.

Casuarina eguisetifolia, Shingle Oak, Australia. E. Ingram, Waerenga-a-Hika mission site, north of Gisborn~. Dbh 203 cm, height 27.7 m, spread 183 m, in 1973. This is by far the largest known sheoak measured in New Zealand. (Eucalypts on this site recorded by Dr H.H. Allan, Hort. List (1941) No. 128, have all been felled.)

Dendrobenthamia capitata (syn. Cornus capitata), Himalayan Dogwood. Botanical Gardens, Gisborne. Diam. at 0.3 m, 88 cm, height 15.3 m, in 1969. A large tree with four leaders.

Elaeangus angustifolia, Oleastar, Temperate Asia. Botanical Gardens, Diam. at 0.7 m, 75 cm, height 9.3 m, spread 15.3 m, in 1973. A species rarely seen outside this region.

Fagus sylvatica 'Pendula', Weeping Beech. T.R. Holden, Rimuroa, Riverside Road, Gisborne. Dbh 99 cm, height 10.7 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1973. A fine tree with an undulating canopy. Graft mark clearly showing at 1 .3 m.

Fagus sylvatica purpurea, Purple Beech. M.V. Coop, Nick's Head station, Coops Road, Muriwai. Dbh 142 cm, height 18.3 m, spread 22.7 m, in 1973. An outstanding tree.

Fraxinus ornus, Manna Ash, S Europe, Asia Minor. C.S. Williams, Kaharau, Ruatoria. Diam. at 0.7 m, 60 cm, height 7.3 m, spread 15.2 m, in 1973. A fine tree in an excellent grove. Planted c.1892.

Fraxinus oxycarpa 'Raywood', Claret Ash. Botanical Gardens, Gisborne. Dbh 101 cm, height 15.7 m, spread 22.7 m, in 1973. Well sited in the western end of the gardens.

Ginkgo biloba, Maidenhair Tree, China. C.S. Williams, Kaharau, Ruatoria. Dbh 88 cm, height 17.3 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1973. One of the largest in New Zealand, in an excellent grove by the roadside, planted 1892.

Harpephyllum caffrum, Kaffir Plum, E Africa. Miss S. MacArthur, 2 Williamson Street, , . Diam. at 0.7 m, 55 cm, height 11. 3 m, spread 1. 6. 7 m, in 1973. A rare tree in New Zealand.

Ilex latifolia, Japan. T.A. Corson, Riverside Road, Gisborne. Dbh 45 cm, height 18.3 m, in 1973. A fine specimen. 22

Juglans regia, Common Walnut, SE Europe, Himalaya, China. J.W. Clark, Opou station, Manutuke. Girth at 0.7 m, 8 m, height 18.3 m, spread 32 m, in 1973. The largest of this species recorded. It is close to the historic oak tree planted in 1837, and probably was planted about that time. Liquidambar formosana, Formosa. Botanical Gardens, Gisborne. Dbh 75 cm, height 16 m, spread 18.3 m, in 1973. The largest of this species known in New Zealand.

Liquidambar styraciflua 'Pendula'. Botanical Gardens, Gisborne. Dbh 35 cm, height 3.7 m, spread 6 m, in 1973. An attractive tree with branch.lets almost reaching ground level.

Michelia ~ (syn. M.fuscata, Magnolia fuscata), China. W. MacLaurin, Waipaoa station, MacLaurin's Road, Hexton. Girth at 0.3 m, 2.3 m, height 5.2 m, spread 10.7 m, in 1973. A good compact tree.

Morus nigra, Black Mulberry, W Asia. J.W. Clark, Opou station, Manutuke. Dbh 119 cm, height 9 m, spread 16.7 m, in 1973. The largest of this species known in New Zealand. Probably planted c.1870.

Myrciaria cauliflora, Jaboticaba, Brazilian Tree Grape. L. Grey, Main Road, Ormond. Dbh 18 cm, height 5 m, in 1973. A very rare tree.

Podocarpus salignus (syn. P.chilinus), Chile. Botanical Gardens, Gisborne. Diam. at 0.3 m, 68 cm, height 9 m, spread 9 m, in 1973. A bushy tree.

Quercus rubra (syn. g.borealis), Red Oak, E North America. C.S. Williams, Kaharau, Ruatoria. Dbh 132 cm, height 20.8 m, spread 27.3 m, with a good trunk to 2.3 m, in 1973. A splendid tree in a fine group of other species.

Salix sp., Willow. Between main road, close to the road, and the Turanga mission, Manutuke. Girth at bh, 5.7 m, height 10.7 m, spread 15.3 m, in 1973. A very old tree, dam.aged recently by fire. This could be the tree recorded by Rev. Grace in 1950. The largest willow known in New Zealand.

Sapindus saponaria f inaegualis, S. Forida, W India, S America. Botanical Gardens, Gisborne. Dbh 53 cm, height 7 m, spread 10.7 m, in 1973. A rare tree in New Zealand.

Sequoia sempervirens, Redwood, California. D.O.B. Williams, Puketiti station, East Coast. Dbh 219 cm, height 40.7 m, in 1973. This is the largest normally formed tree of this species recorded in New Zealand. Several others in Gisborne have dia..~eters ranging between 200 and 215 cm.

Sequoia sempervirens 'Pendula'. J •. Dymock, Lorna, . Close to the main highway. Dbh 127 cm, height 26 m, in 1969. An open-grown, attractive tree with branches drooping to ground level.

Syzygium floribundum (syn. S.ventenatii, Eugenia .Y.~ntenatii), Weeping Lilly Pilly Tree, NE Australia. M.W. Coop, Nick's Head station, Coops Road, Muriwai. Dbh 132 cm, height 18.3 m, spread 19.7 m, in 1973. An outstanding tree, much larger than any other of this species known in New Zealand. It was pollarded some years ago. The curator of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens reports that this species produces a trunk with diameters to about 75 cm, can attain heights up to 30 m, and is one of the most decorative trees in Australia. 23

Tamarix pentand.ra, W and Central Asia. B. Costello, Tatapouri Hotel, East Coast Road, Gisborne. Diam. at 0.3 m, 68 cm, height 8.7 m, in 1973. A large bushy tree.

Ulmus glabra (syh. U.montana), Wych Elm, Europe, N and W Asia. Domain, Patutahi. Dbh 1,24 cm, height 33.7 m, in 1973. A good tree planted c.1860.

Ulmus procera (syn. U.campestris), Common English Elm. Domain, Patutahi. Dbh 221 cm, height 35.3 m, in 1973. A large tree with five leaders growing from 3 m above G.L.

Ulmus procera 'Argenteovariegata', Variegated Elm. Behind the museum, Gisborne. Dbh 99 cm, height 21.3 m, spread 23 m, in 1969. Planted c.1875. 24

EASTWOOD HILL

Abies bracteata (syn. A.venusta), Bristlecone , Mountains of S California, dbh 23 cm, height 8 m: A.delavayi var. faberi (syn. A.faberi), E Asia, 8 cm x 4.7 m: A.delavayi var. georgei (syn. A.georgei), Delavay Fir, W China, 14 cm x 5 m: A.holophylla, Manchurian Fir, NE Asia, 26 cm x 7.7 m: A.lasiocarpa, Sub-alpine Fir, W North America, 32 cm 8 m: A.numidica, Algerian Fir, E Algeria, 15 cm x 6 m: A.pindrow var. brevifolia, Himalayan Fir, 24 cm x 10 m: A.recurvata, W China, 12 cm x 6 m, planted 1949: Acacia baileyana, Cootamundra Wattle, E Australia, 30 cm x 9 m: A.dealbata, Silver Wattle, E Australia, 47 cm x 24 m: A.decurrens, Queen Wattle, E Australia, 60 cm x 18 m: A.pruinosa, Frosty Wattle, E Australia, 100 cm at G.L. x 16 m: A.terminalis, Cedar Wattle, E Australia, 25 cm x 12 m: Acer buergerianum (syn. A.trifidum), Trident Maple, E China and Japan, 60 cm at G.L. x 10 cm x 12 m (spread): A.cappadocicum 'Horticola', 11 cm x 7 m, 1948: A.diabolicum f pu,;:purascens, Horned Maple, Japan, 12 cm x 7 m, 1947: A· x hybridum (A.monspessulanum x A.opalu~), Hybrid Maple, 23 cm x 11 m: A. x lobelii (A.cappadocicum hybrid), S Italy, 20 cm x 8 m, 1955: A.macrophyllum, Oregon, or Big-leaf Maple, W North America, 33 cm x 10 m: A.miyabei, Japan, 25 cm x 14 m, 1938: A.negundo var. californicum, Californian Box Elder, 18 cm x 10 m: A.negundo 'Variegatum', Variegated Box Elder, 25 cm x 15 m: A.opalus, Italian Maple, S Europe, 21 cm x 10 m, 1947: A.platanoides, Norway Maple, Europe, 55 cm x 16 m: A.platanoides 'Schnedleri', 30 cm at 0.5 m x 10 m, 1954: A.platanoides 'Reitenbachii', 18 cm x 9 m, 1949: A.rubrum 'Brilliant' Red Maple, 30 cm at 1 m x 12m: A.saccharinum f laciniatum, Cut-leaf form of Silver Maple, 29 cm x 12 m, 1952: A.wilsonii, Wilson's Maple, SW China, 9 cm x 6 m, 1948: Aesculus indica, Indian Horse Chestnut, NW Himalaya, 38 cm x' 16 m, 1938: A.splendens, SE USA, 13 cm x 5 m, 1955: Alnus argu.ta, Mexian Alder, 18 cm x 9 m: A.cordata (syn. A.cordifolia), Italian Alder, Corsica and S Italy, 30 cm x 10 m, 1955: A.hirsuta (syn. A.tinctoria), NE Asia and Japan, 19 cm x 8 m, 1948: A.incana 'Laciniata' (syn. A.acuminata), 30 cm x 5 m, 1956: A.lantana (syn. A.cremastogne var. lantana), W China, 14 cm x 7 m, 1957: A.orientalis, Oriental Alder, NW Himalaya, 26 cm x 8 m, 1959: [i. x spaethii (A.japonica x A.subcordata), Hybrid Alder, 33 cm x 14 m, 1948: Amelanchier arborea, Downy Serviceberry, E USA, height 8 m: Azara microphylla, Chile, 22 cm x 8m: Betula papyrifera var. humilis, Yukon Birch, 33 cm x 12 m, 1949: B.papyrifera var. kenaica, Canoe Birch, Coast of Alaska, 29 cm x 13 m, 1948: B.platyphylla (syn. B.mandshurica), Manchuria, Korea, 32 cm x 10 m, 1949: B.platypbylla var. szechuanica (syn. B.mandshurica japonica), W China, 14 cm x 9 m, 1948: Brabeium stellatifolium, Wild Almond, S Africa, 32 cm at G.L. x 9 m: Callicoma serratifolia, Sydney Beech, E Australia, malformed tree, 8 m, 1947: Calocedrus macrolepis (syn. Libocedrus macrolepis), SW China 25

and E Burma, i6 cm 7 m, 1 1: Car;pinus caroliniana, American Hornbeam or Blue Beech, E North America, 25 cm x 6 m, 1948: Castanea crenata, Japanese Chestnut, 30 cm x 7 m, Catalpa fargesii f duclouxii (syn. C.duclouxii), China, 15 cm x 12 Cedrela sinensis (syn. Ailanthus flavescens), Wand N China, 12 cm 12 m: Cedrus deodara 'Robusta', 8 cm x 7 m, 1952t- wide-spreading tree: g_labrata, Nettle Tree, WAsia, 7 cm x 6 m~ 1957: Ceratopetalum NSW Christmas Bush, E Australia, 28 cm x 11 m:

Cercidip~yllum Katsura Tree, Japan, 22 cm x 11 m: Cercis racemosa, Chinese Redbud, 20 cm 9 m: Chamaecyparis formosensis, Formosan Cypress, 36 cm x- 12 m this has no label and identification could be questionable: C.lawsoniana 'Blue Lawson Cypress, height 12 m: 8 cm x 11 m: C.lawsoniana 1 Pottenii1 , height 11 m: , Golden Hinoki Cypress, 5 m: C.pisifera 'Filifera Sarawa Cypress, 26 cm x 8 m: Cladrastis lutea, cm at G.L. x 12 m, 1937: Colguhouni~ coccinea var. mollis, 10 m - no label, planted as C.vestita: Corn.us species in C.florida, E USA, 7 m: C.florida f rubra, 7 m: Dogwood, E Asia, 8 m: C.kousa var. chinensis, 5 m: and C.stolonifera, Red-osier Dogwood, N .America, 6 American Smoke Tree, height 10 m: Crataegomespilus Bronvaux Medlar, France, 6 m: Crataegus ~­ galli, Cockspur Central North America, 8 m (others 5 m or over): C.homesiana, W North 5 m: C.+ Grigonensis (a hybrid of C.stipulacea), France, 6 m: Orient, 6 m: C.missouriensis, Central USA, 10 cm x 5 m, 1949: E North America, 6 m: C.phaenopyrum (syn. Thorn, NE USA, 6 m: C.pinnatifida var. major • N China, 5 m: .:::.::..=..::=~=:::::. (possibly a hybrid between C.macracantha and C.crus-gallii), (this could be C.smithiana., Red Mexican Thorn), 16 cm x 10 m: Central Asia (doubt about this as C.sanguinea var. was on the label), 8 m: C.uniflora, One Flower Hawthorn, E North America, 20 cm x 5 m: Q. x crataemespilus (C.oxyacantha x , France, height 6 m: (this and all the above hawthorns were between 1938 and 1951: Cryptomeria japonica 'Lobbii', 50 cm x 14 konishii, Formosa, 28 cm x 6 m, 1949: Cupressus arizonica, , SW North America,93 cm x 20 m: C.cashmeriana, Kashmir Cypress ( unknown - it has been regarded as a juvenile form of both C.funibris llilliers), 25 cm x 10 m: C.lusitanica 'Glauca', 41 cm 20 C.macrocarpa 'Donald Gold', Golden Macrocarpa, 39 cm x 12 m, 1 ==:::.=.~~~virginia, American Persimmon, N America, height 10 m, 1938: .:;;.;.;;;~~~floribunda~ Central and W China, 6 m: Ehretia dicksonii (syn. =.=~.;;;_r;.;;;;;.u.;=;;;.', China, Formosa and Liukiu Isles, 9 m, 1948:

Elaeagnus =~,.;;.&;;;;u,,,,=~' and Japan, 6 m, 1938: Emmenopterys henryi, 26

China, 12 cm x 6 m, 1947: Escallonia laevis (syn. E.organensis), Brazil, height 7 m, 1949: Eucommia ulmoides, Gutta-percha Tree, China, 10 cm x 10 m, 1948: Eucryphia moorei, Plumwood, E Australia, height 6 m, 1948: three small trees (not tree size) were recently found, they were E.cordifolia, 1?_. x hillieri 'Winton' and E. x intermedia - all were planted in 1966); Euonymus europaeus, Spindle Tree, Europe, height 6 m, 1948: E.grandiflorus, Himalaya and China, 25 cm x 6 m, 1948: E.hamiltonianus var. m.aackii (syn. E.maackii), East Asia, height 5 m, 1948: E.tingens, Himalaya etc., 7 m: Eupatoriumligustrinum (syn. E.micranthum), Mexico, 10 m, 1949 - Hillier states that in favoured districts in UX this species grows to 2.5 m: Euptelea polyandra, Japan, 5 m, 1959: Fagus lucida, W China, 7 m, 1948: F.orientalis, Oriental Beech, E Europe and Asia Minor 24 cm x 11 m, 1948: F.sylvatica 'Dawyck' (syn. F.fastigata, Dawyck Beech, 33 cm x 14 m, 1947: F.sylvatica var. heterophylla, Fem-leaved or Cut-leaved Beech, height 6 m (this name covers several forms including 'Asplenifolia', 1 Incisa1 and 'Laciniata'): F.sylvatica 'Rohanii', Purple Fem-leaved Beech, 5 m, 1949: Firmiana simplex (syn. Sterculia platanifolia), Phoenix or Chinese Parasol Tree, China, long cultivated in Japan, 20 cm x 10: Fraxinus angustifolia var. lentiscifolia, Narrow-leaved Ash, S Europe and N Africa,divided stem, 10 m, 1951: F.chinensis var. acuminata, Chinese Ash, 5 m, 1951: F.chinensis var. rhyncophylla, NE Asia, 5 m, 1948: F.excelsior 'Diversifolia' (syn. F.excelsior 'Monophylla'), One-leaved Ash, 6.5 m, 1951: F.griffithii. (syn. F.bracteata), SE Asia, 14 cm x 8 m, 1948: F.holotricha, Balkan Peninsula, 7 m, 1948: F.oxycarpa, Desert Ash, S Europe to Persia and Turkestan, 124 cm x 25.7 m x 21.3 m - an outstanding tree, and an early planting: F.p2nnsylvanica 'Variegata', 5 m, 1950: F.spaethiana, Japan, 5 m, 1951: F.velutina, Arizona Ash, SUSA and N Mexico, 11 m, 1948: Freylinia lanceolata (syn. F.cestroides), S Africa, 6 m, 1948: Garrya ~ifolia var. macrophylla, Mexico, 10 m, 1947: Gleditsia delavayi, Honey Locust, China, 30 cm x 8 m, 1955 - the most vigorous of this species: G.japonica, Japan, height 7 m, 1947: G.sinensis, China, 14 cm x 10 m, 1947: G.triacanthos 'Elaegantissima', 6 m in 1938: Glochidion sinicum, China, 10 cm x 5 m, 1949 - a rare tree: Glyptostrobus lineatus (syn. G.pensilis, G.sinensis), Chinese Deciduous Cypress, Canton province, S China, 16 cm x 10 m, 1955 - extremely rare: Halesia monticola, Mountain Silverbell, SE USA, 18 cm x 8 m, 1938 - this tree could be H.carolina, Snowdrop Tree: Hamam.elis japonica 'Arborea', Japanese Witch Hazel, 6 m, 1937: H.mollis, Chinese Witch Hazel, 5 m, 1949: H.vernalis, Ozark Witch Hazel, Central USA, 5 m, 1952: Ilex x altaclarensis 'Camelliaefolia' (syn. I.aquifolium 'Camelliaefolia', 5 m in 1952: I.corallina, W. China, 5 m, 1949: I.fargesii, Central China, 12 cm x 5 m, 1949: 27

I.insignia), E Himalaya, 22 cm x 10 m, 1948: I.platyPhylla (syn. I.peradoplatyPbylla), Canary Island Holly, 16 cm x 9 m, 1949: I.rosmarinifolia, E USA, 10 cm x 5 m, 1949: Juglans regia 'Lanceolata', Cut-leaf Walnut, 12 cm x 6 m: Juniperus drupacea, Syrian , Asia Minor, Syria and Greece, 24 cm x 7.7 m, 1948: J.excelsa, Grecian Juniper, S Europe, 10 cm x 5 m, 1949: J.flaccida, Mexican Juniper, Mexico and Texas, 8 m, 1948: J.oxycedrus, Prickly Juniper, Mediterranean region and W Asia, 6 m, 1948: J.procera, East African Juniper, 7 m: J.recurva var. coxii, Drooping Juniper, Upper Burma, 6 m: J.rigida, Japanese Juniper, Japan, Korea and N China, 40 cm x 8 m, 1937: J.sguamata 'Meyeri', 30 cm at G.L. x 5 m, 1949: Keteleeria davidiana, W China, 20 cm x 6 m, 1948: Koelreuteria integrifolia, China, 5 m: Laburnum ~lpinum, Scotch Laburnum, Central and S Europe, 10 m: L.anag,yroide~ 'Autumnalis', 6 m, 1949: Lagerstroemia indica 'Evesii', 6 m: Liriodendron tulipifera 'Aureomarginatum', Variegated Tree, 35 cm x 16 m - larger of two trees: L.tulipifera 1 Fastigiatum1 , Pyramidal Tulip Tree, 5 m, 1955: Lomatia ilicifolia, Holly-leaved Lomatia, E Australia, 6 m: Lonicera maackii f EOdocarpa, Manchuria and Korea, 8 m: L.sempervirens, Trumpet Honeysuckle, E USA, 6 m, 1942: Magnolia delaVaii, China (s Yunnan), 10 m, 1938: Megrandiflora 1 Exmouth', 23 cm x 10 m, 1938: M.grandiflora 'Ferruginea', 11 m, 1938: M.hypoleuca, Japan, 12 cm x 11 m: M.kobus var. borealis, Japan, 11 m, 1938: 11_. x loebner (M.kobus x M.stellata), 6 m, 1952: M.macrophylla, Big-leaved Magnolia, SE USA, 13 cm x 8 m: M.salicifolia, Japan, 11 cm x 7 m, 1938: M.sargentiana var. robusta, W China, height 7 m, 1947: 11_. x veitchii (M.campbellii x M.denudata), 10 cm x 6 m, 1938: N_. x veitchii 'Isca', 6 m: angustifolia, Southern Crab Apple, E USA, 19 cm x 9 m: 1:1· 'John Downie', 18 cm x 7 m, 1948: M.lancifolia, USA, 24 cm x 8 m: M... prunifolia var. rinki (syn. M.rinki), W China, 25 cm x 8 m: M.trilobata, E Mediterranean region and NE Greece, 15 cm x 8 m: Marus cathayana, Mulberry, Central and E China, 10 cm x 6 m, 1959: Myrtus apiculata (syn. M.luma), Chile, 8 m, 1950: Osmanthus fragrans, (syn. ~ fragrans), China and Japan, 8 m: Ostrya virginiana, Ironwood, E North America and W Mexico, 7 m, 1957: Oxydendron arboreum (syn. Andomeda arborea), Sorrel Tree, E USA, 14 cm x 7 m: Paulownia fargesii, W China, 8 m, 1955: Phebalium billiardieri, Australia, 19 cm x 10 m, 1945: Phellodendron chinense, Central China, 7 m, 1957: P.lavellei, Central Japan, 8 m, 1955: Photinia beauverdiana, W China, 14 cm x 8 m, 1955: P.beauverdiana var. notabilis, Central and '"I China, 5 m, 1955: ;E_. x fraseri 'Robusta1 (P.glabra x P.serrulata), 5 m: P.villosa (syn. P.variabilis), Japan, Korea and China, 8 m: P.villosa var. laevis, E Asia, 6 m, 1949: P.villosa var. sinica, Central China, 5 m, 1958: Picea brachytyla var. latisguamea, China, 11 cm x 28

5 m, 1949 - a healthy tree: P.brewerana. Brewers Weeping Spruce, Siskiyou Mountains of NW California and SW Oregon, 16 cm x 8 m, 1949 - live leaves only at branch tips: P.morrisonicola, Mt Morrison Spruce, Formosa, 13 cm x 6 m in 1949: P.pungens, Colorado or Blue Spruce, SW USA, 65 cm x 10 m: P.spinulosa, E Himalayan Spruce, 18 cm x 8 m, 1952 - healthy and dense: Pinus armandii, Armands Pine, N China, Formosa and Korea, 29 cm x 10 m: P.banksiana, Jack Pine, NE North America, 24 cm x 11 m, 1949 - slender and drooping: P.cembra, Arolla Pine, Mountains of Central Europe and W Asia, 10 cm x 5 m in 1949: P.koraiensis, Korean Pine, E Asia, 29 cm x 8 m, 1949: P.nigra var. caramanica, Crimean Pine, Balkan Peninsula, S Carpathians, Crimea and W Asia, 42 cm x 10.5 m, 1949: P.pungens, Hickory Pine, E North America, 20 cm x 10 m: P.sylvestris 'Argentea', Silver Scots Pine, 30 cm x 11 m, 1949: P.tabulaeformis (syn. P.sinensis), Chinese Pine, 35 cm x 11 m, 1949: P.tabulaeformis var. yunnanensis (syn. P.yunnanensis), Yunnan Pine, W. China, 33 cm x 11 m, 1949: Pistacia chinensis, Chinese Pistachio, Central and W China, 9 m, 1949: Platanus x hispanica 'Cantabrigiensis', 29 cm x 15 m, 1948: P.orientalis var. cuneata, China Tree, NW India, 33 cm x 15 m, 1948: P.orientalis var. insularis (syn. P.cretica, P.cryprius), Cyprian Plane, 38 cm x 18 m: P.racemosa (syn. P.californica), Californian Sycamore, California and NW Mexico, 45 cm x 17 m, 1948: Platycarya strobilacea (syn. Fortuna.ea chinensis), China, Japan, Korea and Formosa, 29 cm x 8 m, 1948: Poliothyrsis sinensis, China, 11 cm x 7 m, 1955: Populus 'Marilandica' (Canadensis group), Hybrid Black Poplar, 70 cm x 23 m (a more representative list of this species will be recorded in R. Berry's Abbotsford Station 1973 list): Prunus armeniaca 'Dawn', height 7 m - two specimens: P.avium 'Plena', Double Gean, 18 cm x 14 m: P.cerasifera 'Lindsayae', 37 cm at 0.5 m x 9 m, 1951 (introduced to England from Persia by Miss Nancy Lindsay in 1948): P.cerasoides, Himalayan Cherry, 36 cm x- 14 m largest of 5 trees, one being 17 m: P.nipponica, Japanese Alpine Cherry, 10 cm x 5 m: P. subhirtella var. ~~ ( syn. L..Rendula var. ascendens) , Japan, 21 cm x 9 m: P.subhirtella •Pendula Rubra' (syn. P.lanceata), 26 cm x 6 m, 1951 : other Prunus species recorded with heights between 5 and 14 m are: P.armeniaca 'Dawn': P. x blireana: P. x blireana 'Moseri': E.campanulata, Formosan Cherry: P.campanulata 'Plena': P.cerasoides var. rosea, Kingdon Ward's Carmine Cherry: P.cerasus, Sour Cherry, SW Asia: P.davidiana 'Alba', Chinese Peach: P.davidiana 'Rubra', Chinese Peach: P.decora, Flowering Cherry: ·P.dulcis 'Burbank Seedling', Almond: P.dulcis

'IXL', Almond: ~.dulcis 'Papershell', Almond: P.incisa, Fuji Cherry: P.mahaleb 'Pendula', St Lucie Cherry: P.padus 'Albertii': E· 'Pandura', Hybrid Cherry: P.percisa, Russell's Red: P.sargentii (syn. Serrulata sachalinensis), Flowering Cherry, E Asia: P.serrulata 'Ansand', Japanese 29

Cherry, E Asia: P.serrulata 'Benden': P.serrulata 'Fugenzo': P.serrulata 'Hisakura': P.serrulata 'Kanzan': P.serrulata 'Pink Perfection': P.serrulata 'Shirotae': P.serrulata 'Taikanu', Great White Cherry: P.serrulata 'Takasago': P.serrulata 'Ukon': P.subhirtella 'Rosea': E· x jedoensis (P.speciosa x P.subhirtella), Yoshino Cherry: (where planting dates are definite they range from 1947 to 1954): Pseudocydonia sinensis (syn. Cydonia sinensis), China, 5 m: Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (syn. P.glauca), Blue Douglas Fir, Rocky Mountains from Montana to N Mexico, 22 cm x 12 m, 1951: Pterocarya fraxinifolia (syn. P.caucasica), Caucasian Wing Nut, 12 m, 1956: ;E_. x rehderiana(P.fraxinifolia x P.stenoptera), Hybrid Wing Nut, 17 cm x 8 m, 1956: P.rhoifolia, Japanese Wing Nut, 8 m: Pyrus x lecontei (P.communis x P.pyrifolia), 9 m: P.pashia, Himalaya and W.China, 6 m: P.pyrifolia, China - two trees 9 and 10 m (however both could be E· x lecontei): ~uercus acutissima var. chenii, China, 30 cm at G.L. x 12 m, 1949: Q.agrifolia, Californian Live Oak, SW North America, 45 cm x 11 m, 1938 - a fine specimen: Q.aliena, Oriental Oak, Japan, 22 cm

x 10 m - could be ~.aliena x Q.robur: Q.baetica, Scrub Oak, SW Europe, 30 cm x 8 m: Q.bicolor, Swamp White Oak, SE Canada and E USA, 35 cm x 14 m, 1947: Q.canariensis 'Latifolia', 30 cm x 9 m, 1947: Q.canariensis x robur, 8 m, 1958: Q.castaneaefolis.var. incana, W Africa, 32 cm x 13 m,

1947 - larger of two good trees: ~.chrysolepis, Maul Oak, SW North America, 12 cm x 5 m, 1948: g.frainetto (syn. Q.conferta), Hungarian Oak, SE Europe, 26 cm x 10 m, 1955: Q.garryana, Oregon White Oak, W North America, 39 cm x 15 m, 1948:(this and others in a group are thought by Berry to be Q.robur 'Hodgekinsonii'): Q.glandulifera (syn. Q.serrata), E Asia, 10 cm x 5 m, 1955: Q.glauca, Japan, Formosa and China, 18 cm x 8 m, 1947 - a rare evergreen species: _g_. x hispanica 'Ambroziana' (Q.cerris x Q.suber), 8 m, 1955: 2,. x hispanica 'Lucombeana' (syn. Q.lucombeana), Lucombe Oak, 49 cm at G.L. x 8 m, 1948: Q.imbricaria, Shingle Oak, E USA, 53 cm x 12 m, a1938 - good widespreading tree: Q.kelloggii, Californian Blaok Oak, California and Oregon, 23 cm x 9 m, 1947: 2.· x kewensis (Q.cerris x Q.wislizenii), Kew Oak, 34 cm at 0.5 m x 6 m, 1948 - raised at Kew in 1914: Q.leucotrichophora (syn. Q.incana), Himalayan White Oak, 38 cm x 12 m, 1948: ,g. x ludoviciana (Q.falcata x Q.phellos), St Landry Oak, 74 cm x 24 m x 21.3 m, 1949: s.macrocarpa, Burr Oak, NE and North Central North America, 15 cm x 9 m: Q.macrolepis (syn. Q.aegilops), Valonia Oak, S Balkans, SE Italy and W Asia, .20 cm x 8 m, 1955 - appears to be var. pyrami (Berry): Q.macrolepis var. pyrami (syn. Q.aegilops pyrami), 18 cm x 10 m (Berry thinks this is Q.macrolepis): Q.marilandica, Black Jack Oak, E USA, 21 cm x 8 m, 1949: Q.nigra (syn. Q.aquatica), Water Oak, SUSA, 50 cm x 13 m, c.1938: Q.palustris 'Horizontalis', Pin Oak, 48 cm x 10 m 12 m, 1955: 30

Q.petraea 'Mespilifolia', Durmast Oak, 46 cm x 17 m: Q.prinus x Q.robur (may be Q.aliena x Q.robur), 35 cm x 12 m, 1948: Q.pubescens (syn. Q.lanuginosa), Downy Oak, S Europe, 20 cm x 8 m, 1948: Q.pubescens f crispata, Downy Oak, 19 cm x 8 m, 1947: Q.robur 'Cristata', Curl-leaved Oak, 6 m, 1955: Q.robur 'Heterophylla', 9 m, 1948: Q.robur 'Hodgkinsonii' (Q.robur x Q.canariensis), 52 cm x 14 m (see also under Q.garryana): .9.· x rosacea 'Filicifolia' (Q~robur 'Filicifolia'), (Q.robur 'Pectinata'), Fernleaved Oak, 28 cm x 11 m, 1947: g,. x schochiana (Q.palustris x Q.phellos), Scoch Oak, 34 cm x 12 m, 1948: Q.semicarpifolia, Evergreen Oak, Himalaya, China, 11 cm x 8 m, 1952: Q.stenophylla, Evergreen Oak, E Asia, 20 cm at G.L. x 7 m, 1948: £i. x turneri (Q.ilex x Q.robur) (syn. Q.pseudoturneri), Turner's Oak, height 7 m, 1948: Q.variabilis, Japan, China and Korea, 29 cm x 12 m, 1949 - has thick corky bark. Quillaja saponaria, Soapwbark Tree, Chile, height 12 m, with several trunks from G.L.: Rhamnus purshiana, Cascara Buckthorn, W North America, 8 m: Robinia pseudoacacia 'Rectissima', Shipmast Locust, E USA, 30 cm x 20 m - one of a small group: Salix matsudana, Pekin Willow, E Asia, 50 cm x 12 m, 1947: S.petandra, Bay Willow, Europe and N Asia, 40 cm x 12 m: S. x sepulcralis (S.alba x S.babylonica),(syn. ~· x salamonii), Hybrid Weeping Willow, 67 cm x 24 m: Sassafras albidum (syn. S.officinale), Sassafras, E USA, 31 cm at G.L. x 8 m: Schima khasiana, Schima, Assam, Burma and China, 9 m, 1951: Sorbus aucuparia 'Asplenifolia', Fern-leaved Rowan, Europe, 12 cm x 7 m, 1949:

1 S.aucuparia 'Xanthocarpa , Yellow-fruited Rowan, height 6 m: S.commixta, Japan, 7 m: S.sargentiana, W China, 14 cm x 6 m: S.vilmorinii, W China, 14 cm x 10 m, 1948: Stachyurus praecox (syn. S.japonica), Early Spiketail, height 6 m: Staphylea colchica, Bladder Nut, S Caucasus, 5 m: ~· x elegans 'Hessei', Hybrid Bladder Nut, 5 m: S.holocarpa 'Rosea', Bladder Nut, 8 m: Stewartia koreana, Korea, 8 m, 1938: S.monodelpha, Japan and Korea (Quelpaert Island), 7 m: S.pseudocamellia, Japan, 10 m: S.pteropetiolata, Yunnan, 5 m: S.sinensis, Central China, 8 m: Stranvaesia davidiana var. salicifolia, W China, 6 m: S.davidiana var. undulata, W China, 6 m: Styrax japonica, Japan and Korea, 10 m: S.obassia, Japan, 12 cm x 10 m: Sycopsis sinensis, Central China, 8 m: Syringa x hyancinthifolia (S.oblata x S.vulgaris) 'Lamartine', Hybrid Lilac, 6 m: S.yunnanensis, Lilac, SW China, 8 m in 1939: Taiwania cryptomerioides, Formosan Coffin Tree, W slopes of Mt Morrison, Formosa, 21 cm x 6 m, 1955: T.flousiana, Coffin Tree, China and N Burma, 25 cm x 9 m, 1952: · Thuja occidentalis 'Compacta', Arbor-vitae, 21 cm x 7 m: T.plicata 'Aurea', 30 cm x 8 m: T.plicata 'Zebrina', variegated form, 20 cm x 7.5 m, 1949: Tilia maximowicziana, Japanese Lime, 19 cm x m 8 in 1948: 1· x moltkei (T.americana x T.petiolaris), 36 cm x 31

11 m, 1951: T.mongolia, Mongolian Lime, Mongolia and N China, 7 m: T.neglecta, E and N North America, 7.5 m, 1949: T.oliveri, Central China, 8 m: Trachycarpus fortunei (syn. T.excelsus), Chusan Palm, Central China, 16 cm x 9 m: Ulmus carpinifolia 'Variegata', Variegated Elm, 49 cm x 20 m: 1918: ![. x sarniensis (U.angustifolia x U.hollandica), Jersey or Wheatly Elm, Jersey and Channel coast of France, 33 cm x 15 m, 1938: U.sarniensis 'Purpurea', Purple-leaved Elm, 50 cm x 22 m, 1918: Widdringtonia .iuniperoides, Clanwilliam Cedar, S Africa, 28 cm :x: 12 m: W.whytei, Mlanj'i Cedar, S and E Africa, 25 cm x 9 m. 32

R. BERRY, ABBOTSFORD STATION, TINIROTO

Acacia mollissima, Black Wattle, E Australia, 35 cm x 15 m, planted 1953: Acer campbellii, Campbell's Maple, E Himalaya, 34 cm at G.L. x 8.3 m: A.cappadocicum 'Rubrum', 36 cm at 0.7 m x 10 m, 1953: A.capillipes, Snake Bark Maple, Japan, 17 cm at m x 7.7 m, 1957: A.davidii, Central China, 23 cm at 1 m x 7.7 m, 1957: A.negundo 'Aureo-marginatum', 19 cm x 8.7 m, 1955: A.rubrum, Red Maple, E North America, 34 cm x 11 m, 1951: A.saccharinum f laciniatum, Silver Maple, E North America, 35 cm x 12.3 m, 1951: Alnus gl~tinosa 'Imperialis', Cut-leaved Alder, 26 cm x 11.7 m, 1955: A.incana, Grey Alder, Europe, Caucasus, E North America, 14 cm x 10 m, 1957: A.incana 'Aurea', Golden Alder, 22 cm x 7.7 m, 1957: A.rhombifolia, White Alder, W North America, 35 cm x 15 m, 1959: !.~~, Red Alder, W North America, 40 cm x 16.7 m, 1959: Betula lutea (syn. B.alleghansis), Yellow Birch, E North America, 24 cm x 9 m, 1952: B.papyrifera var. commutata, N America, 36 cm x 12 m, 1954: Buddleia x weyerana 'Golden Glow', 36 cm x 5.7 m, 1950: Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata', Pyramidal Hornbeam, 23 cm at 0.5 m x 9.7 m, 1954: Castanea mollissima, Chinese Chestnut, 50 cm at 0.5 m x 11 m, 1951: Cedrus deodara 'Aurea', Golden Deodar, 27 cm x 10 m, 1955: ChamaecYJ>aris lawsoniana 'Pottenii', 34 cm x 8.7 m, 1940: C.lawsoniana 'Stewartii', Golden form, 18 cm x 5.7 m, 1950: ~thyoides 'Andleyensis', Atlantic White Cedar, 45 cm at G.L. x 10 m, 1945: Cornus nuttallii, Pacific Dogwood, W North America, 19 cm at 0.3 m x 6 m, 1956: Cotoneaster x cornubia, Hybrid Rockspray, 24 cm at G.L. x 5.7 m, 1956: C.frigidus 'Vicarii', Himalaya, 25 cm x 5.3 m, 1956: C.harrovianus, Rockspray, China, 20 cm at G.L. x 5.7 m: C.pannosus, W China, 46 cm at G.L. x 6 m, 1945: Q. x watereri, Hybrid Rockspray, 26 cm at G.L. x 5.7 m, 1960: Cytisus palmensis, Tagasaste or Tree Lucerne, Canary Is., 14 cm x 7.7 m: Eucalyptus fraxinoides, White Ash, E Australia, 41 cm x 10 m, 1963: :tuonymus hamiltonianus var. sieboldianus, Japan, Korea, 17 cm at G.L. x 5.7 m, 1948: E.japonicus 'Aureopictus' (syn. E.japonicus 'Aureus'), 21 cm at G.L. x 5.3 m, 1940: Fagus sylvatica 'Purpurea tricolor', Tricolor Beech, 30 cm at m x 9.7 m, 1935: Juglans ailantifolia x regia, Hybrid Walnut, 23 cm at 0.5 m x 7.7 m, 1960: Juniperus communis 'Fastigiata', Irish Juniper, 11 cm at G.L. x 5.3 m, 1950: Liguidambar formosana var. monticola, China, 18 cm x 10 m, 1954: L.styraciflua 'Esteri', 10 cm x 6.3 m, 1966: Malus baccata 'Gracilis', 22 cm at G.L. x 7~3 m, 1956: 11_. x 'Gorgeous' hybrid (NZ-raised), 20 cm at G.L. x 5 m, 1945: N_. x hartwigii (M.halliana x baccata), 21 cm at G.L. x 7 m, 1956: M. x 'Lemoine', Purple Crab Apple, 31 cm at G.L. x 5.3 m,

1940: ~· x 'Magdeburgensis', 16 cm at 1 m x 8 m, 1950: ~- x 'Profusion' 33

(.[. 'Lemoine' x M.sieboldii), 34 cm at 0.5 m x 6.7 m, 1954: Phellodendron amurense, Amur Cork Tree, NE Asia, 11 cm x 6 m, 1967: Photinia glabra 'Rubens', 17 cm at G.L. x 4.7 m, 1950: Populus angulata 'de Chautagne', Carolina Poplar, 31 cm x 17 m, 1954: P.balsamifera michauxii, Balsam Poplar, NE America, 35 cm x 14 m, 1953: P. 'Eugenei1 (P.nigra 'Italica' x 'Regenerata'), 61 cm x 23 m, 1951: ;e.. 'Frye' (P.nigra x P.laurifolia), 33 cm x 17 m, 1954: E· x generosa (P.angulata x P.trichocarpa), 57 cm 23 m, 1952, acquired 1947: E· 'Laevigata' (P.angulata x P.nigra 'Plantierensis'), 40 cm x 21 m, 1959 (opossum-damaged): E_. 'Maine' (P.berolinensis x P.candicans), 49 cm x 18.7 m, 1958: acquired 1953: P.maximowiczii, Japanese Balsam Poplar, NE Asia, 52 cm x 17 m, 1958: P.nigra var. betulifolia, Downy Black Poplar, E and Central England, 55 cm x 19 m, 1953: P.nigra var. caudina, Italian Black Poplar, 23 cm at 1 m x 18 m, 1955:

P.nigra 'Sempervirens 1 , Semi-evergreen Lombardy Poplar, Chilean origin, 36 cm x 19 m, 1960: P. 'Oxford' (P.berolinensis x P.maximowiczii), 46 cm x 22 m, J with a clear stem to 6 m, 1954: E· 1 Regenerata 1 (P.deltoides x P.nigra), 75 cm x 24 m, 1952, acquired 1946: P. 1 Robusta 1 (P.angulata x P.nigra

1 'Plantierencis ), Europe, 20 cm x 13 m, 1966: P. 'Rochester' (P.maximowiczii x P.nigra 'Plantierensis'), NE USA, 44 cm x 19 m, 1954, acquired 1953: E· 'Roxbury' x P.trichocarEa), 55 cm x 30 m (with Abney level), 1954: ;e.. 'Rumford' (P.nigra x P.laurifolia), 45 cm x 21 m, 1954, acquired 1953: £· 1 Saxonia 1 (P.deltoides x P.nigra), 29 cm x 11.7 m, 1967?: !:_. 'Schroeck 290' (P.deltoides x P.nigra), 40 cm x 14 m, 1962: P. 'Serotina' (P.deltoides x P.nigra), 64 cm x 19 m, 1951, acquired 1946: P.simonii 'Fastigiata', 12 cm x 8 m, 1960, a pyramid form of P.simonii: P. 'Strathglass' (P.nigra x P.laurifolia), 40 cm x 38 m (with Abney level), 1954: P.suaveolens, E Siberia, 10 cm x 6.3 m, 1953: P.tremula, Aspen, Europe and Asia to N Africa, 33 cm x 19 m, 1956 - largest in a group: P.trichocarpa, Black Cottonwood, W North America, 53 cm at 0.5 m x 19 m, 1955: P.trichocarpa x koreana, 26 cm x 12 m, 1968: E· 'I 78', 75 cm x 24 m, planted as a 2 m rooted set in 1959, fastest on the station: Prunus campanulata, Formosan Cherry, Formosa, S Japan, 18 cm at 1 m x 7.7 m, 1949: P.cerasifera 'Pissardii' (syn. ~. 1 Atropurpurea'), Purple-leaved Plum, Iran, 40 cm at 1.3 m x 9.7 m, 1950: P.sargentii, Sargent's Cherry, NE Asia, 14 cm x 6 m, 1950: P.subhirtella 'Autumnalis', Autumn Cherry, Japan, 13 cm at 0.7 m x 4.8 m, 1965 (these are a few of the 40-odd Prunus spp. at Abbotsford): Pterocarya stenoptera, Chinese Wing Nut, 54 cm at G.L. x 11.3 m, 1956: Quercus aliena x robur, 8 cm x 7 m, 1966: Q.canariensis x prinus, 17 cm x 6.7 m, 1962, planted from seed: Q.canariensis x robur, 13 cm x 8.7 m, 1963, planted from seed: Q.dentata x canariensis, 16 cm x 34

8 m, 1962: Q.dentata x prinus, 13 cm x 7 m, 1962: Q... x leana (Q.imbricaria x Q.velutina), Lea Oak, USA (natural hybrid), 14 cm x 9.7 m, 1962, from Australian seed: ,g.. x rosacea (Q.robur x Q.petraea), 16 cm x 10.3 m, 1960: Q.wislizenii, Interior Live Oak, California, Mexico, 7 cm x 5.3 m, 1961 (a few of the 100-odd oaks listed at Abbotsford, many of them being hybrids and cultivars): E.h1!§. succedanea, Wax Tree, E Asia, 25 cm at G.1. x 6 m, 1950: Salix aegyptiaca (syn. S.medemii), Pussy Willow, S Russia and Mouri.tains of Asia, 53 cm x 17 m, 1953: S.alba 'Sericea' (syn. S.argentea), Silver Willow, Europe, 17 cm x 10.7 m, 1957: S.alba

1 'Ulzio 1 , White Willow, Italian selection,11 cm x 11.3 m, 1968: S.alba 'Ulzio 2', 9 cm x 9.7 m, 1968: S.bactrina (no data available, name doubtful), 66 cm x 17 m, 1953: S.caprea, Goat Willow, Europe and W Asia, 45 cm x 13.7 m, 1960 - many others: .§.. x chrysocoma (S.alba 'Vitellina' x S.babylonica), Golden Weeping Willow, 29 cm x 8 m, 1960: §.. x coerulea (S.alba x S.fragilis), Cricket-bat Willow, 38 cm x 12.7 m, 1957 (some opossum damage): S.daphnoides 'Aglaia', Violet Willow, 18 era x 13 m, 1959: .§.. x elegantissima (S.fragilis x S.babylonica), Thurlow Weeping Willow, 57 cm x 13.7 m, 1963: S.fragilis var. latifolia, Crack Willow, 60 cm x 13.7 m, 1962: 3.humboldtii var. fastigiata, Central and S America, 9 cm x 8 m, 1964: .§.. x meyerana (S.pentandra x S.fragilis), Meyer Willow, Europe, 43 cm at G.L. x 14 m, 1953: S.sachalinensis 'Sekka' (syn. §.. 'Setsuka'), Fasciated Willow, Japan, 35 cm at G.L. x 7 m, 1957: §.. x smithiana (S.cinerea x S.viminalis), 25 cm x 12.3 m, 1957 (a few selected from the 80-odd willow spp, listed at Abbotsford): , Siberian Elm, Dwarf Elm,NAsia, 10 cm x 5.3 m, 1966. 35

EXOTIC NOTABLE TREES (2) LOCAL INTEREST

Abies sp. recorded at Eastwoodhill in 1973: A.balsamea, Balsam Fir, N America, dbh 40 cm, height 11 m, planted 1949: A.cephalonica, Grecian Fir, Mountains of Greece, 12 cm x 4.7 m, 1949: A.concolor, White Fir, SW North America, 16 cm x 9 m, 1949: A.concolor 'Violacea' (leaves glaucus blue), 15 cm x 4.7 m, 1949: A.firm.a, Japanese Fir, 23 cm x 10 m, 1949: A.homolepis, Nikko Fir, Japan, 20 cm x 7.3 m~ 1952: A.nordmanniana, Caucasian Fir, N Caucasus, 30 cm x 10 m: A.pinsapo, Spanish Fir, Mountains of S Spain, 54 cm x 16 m: A.procera, Noble Fir, W USA, 24 cm x 5.7 m, 1949: A.veitchii, C Japan, 14 cm x 5 m, 1949.

Abies grandis, Giant Fir, WNorth America. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 27 cm, height 11 m, in 1973. Planted 1956. This tree may be A.amabilis.

Abies nordmanniana, Caucasian Fir, W Caucasus. J.W. Clark, Opou Station homestead, Manutuke. Dbh 92 cm, height 26.3 m, in 1973. In a group of large conifers.

Acacia mollissima, Black Wattle, E Australia. R. Berry~ Tiniroto. Dbh 35 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. Planted 1953.

Acer negundo, Box Elder, .N America. R. Matthews, 84b Iranui Road, Gisborne. Dbh 104 cm, height 14.7 m, 19.7 m, in 1973. (At Mrs J.E. Cameron's Pouparae, Bushmere Road is a fine tree 89 cm x 21.3 m, in 1969: at C.S. Williams' Kaharau, Ruatoria is a tree 60 cm at 0.7 m, x 14 m x 18.3 m, in 1973. Many fine trees of this species are in this region.)

Acer negundo 'Variegatum', Variegated Box Elder. J.W. Clark, Opou homestead, Manutuke. Dbh 72 cm, height 11.7 m, spread 15.3 m, in 1973. An attractive tree, well sited on the back lawn.

Acer palmatum, Japanese Maple, Japan, C China and Korea. J.W. Clark, Opou homestead, Manutuke. Diam. at G.1. 82 cm, height 9.3 m, spread 16.7 m, in 1973. (A tree at the Botanical Gardens, Gisborne, was 50 cm x 8 m x 12 m, in 1973.)

~ pseudoplatanus, Sycamore, Europe. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 53 cm, height 12 m, in 1973. (Also recorded in 1973 were: A.rubrum, Red Maple, E North America, 22 cm x 13 m, in 1937: A.saccharinum, Silver Maple, E North America, 72 cm x 17 m: A.saccharum, Sugar Maple, Central and E North America, 20 cm x 16 m, in 1938.)

Acmena smithii (syn. Eugenia smithii, A.floribunda), Lilly Pilly Tree, E Australia. St Andrews Presbyterian Church, Childers Road, Gisborne. Dbh 101 cm, height 12.7 m, spread 12.3 m, in 1973. Well sited in front of the church.

Aesculus hippocastanum, Common Horse Chestnut, wild border between Greece and Albania. C.I. Scott Estate, The Willows, Waipaoa.. Diam. at 1 m, 117 cm, height 13.7 m, spread 12.3 m, in 1969. (A tree at Eastwood.hill was 55 cm x 16' m, in 1973.)

Albizia julibrissin, Pink Siris or Silk Tree, Asia. R. Berry, Tiniroto, Diam. at 1 m, 23 cm, height 7 m, in 1973. 36

Alnus glutinosa, Common Alder, Europe (incl. U.K.), W Asia and North Africa. R. Berry, Tinoroto. Dbh 39 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. Planted 1949.

Alnus rubra, Red Alder, WNorth America. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 40 cm, height 16.7 m, in 1973. Planted 1959.

Angophora costata (syn. A.lanceolata), Smooth-barked Apple, NSW and Queensland. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 18 cm, height 8.7 m, in 1973. Planted 1963.

Araucaria araucana, Chile Pine, Chile and Argentine. 118 Ormond Road, Gisborne. Dbh 75 cm, height 16 m, with a good trunk to 4.7 m, in 1973. Perhaps better known as Monkey Puzzle Tree.

Araucaria bidwillii, Bunya-Bunya Pine, Queensland. M.L. Vette, Manutuke. Dbh 101 cm, height 17 m, in 1973. A very good tree. (At Ulverstone, 25 Hinaki Street, Gisborne,are two trees, the larger being 85 cm x 18.3 m, in 1973: at Puketiti station, East Coast, is a fine tree 85 cm x 16.7 m, also in 1973: in the ¥aipaoa district there are several trees of this species.)

Araucaria columnaris, Columnar or Cook Island Pine, New Caledonia, Botanical Gardens, Gisborne. Dbh 28 cm, height 8.7 m, in 1973. The only one of this species known in the region.

Araucaria heterophy~la (syn. A.excelsa), Norfolk Island Pine. R.G. Faulkner, Waihina station, Muriwai. Dbh 134 cm, height 33.7 m, in 1973. The largest of three old trees. (At W.B. Cooper's Wainui station is a tree 137 cm x 21.7 m: the largest of three at T.R. Holden's,Riverside Road, was 124 cm x 36.3 m: the largest of several at H.B. William's Turihaua station was 109 cm x 34.7 m. These trees are all over 100 years old and were measured in 1973, as was one planted in the 1890s at Puketiti station, it being 84 cm x 33.3 m.)

Arbutus unedo, Killarney Strawberry Tree, Mediterranean region and SW Ireland. I. Scott estate, The Willows, W'aipaoa. Diam. at 1 m, 48 cm, height 9 m, in 1969.

Banksia integrifolia, Coast Banksia, E Australia. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 42 cm, height 11.7 m, in 1973. Planted c.1940.

Betula pendula (syn. B.verrucosa, B.alba in part), Silver Birch, Europe and Asia Minor. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 38 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. The best of many trees.

Brachychiton acerifoliurn (syn. Sterculia acerfolia), Flame Tree, Australia. J.W. Clark, Opou homestead, Manutuke. Dbh 68 cm, height 12.7 m, spread 16.7 m, in 1973. A fine tree and one of the largest in New Zealand. (A taller tree at Wa.ipara station, Hexton, was 4 7 cm x 15 m, in 1973, planted by Alexander Thomson in 1913: one at Turihaua station was 50 cm x 11 m, in 1973.) A species that is not uncommon in the region.

Brachychiton discolor (syn. Sterculia discolor), Scrub Bottle Tree, Australia. H. Dods, Repongaere, Patutahi. Dbh 87 cm, height 14 m, spread 10.7 m, in 1973. An excellent tree massed with flowers in late May. The second largest recorded in New Zealand.

Brachychiton populneum (syn. Sterculia diversifolia), Kurrajong, Australia. Botanical Gardens, Gisborne. Dbh 42 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. A very good tree. (Others recorded in 1973, were at Turihaua station, 38 cm x 10 m: and at Eastwoodhill, 21 cm x 10 m.) 37

Calocedrus decurrens (syn. Libocedrus decurrens), Incense Cedar, SW USA. D.O.B. Williams, Puketiti station, East Coast. Dbh 107 cm, height 28 m, with two leaders from 6 m, in 1973. (The largest of this species at Eastwood.hill was 66 cm x 14 m, in 1973.)

Castanea sativa, Spanish or Sweet Chestnut, Europe, W Asia and N Africa. M.L. Vette, Ivlanutuke. Dbh 178 cm, height 21.3 m, spread 27.3 m, in 1973. The largest of four trees that were brought from Christ College, Christchurch, by one of Michael Murphyts sons. (At Wattie's Canneries Ltd, No. 5 farm, Bushmere, is a tree 122 cm x: 13. 7 m x 15.3 m, in 1969: another at Eastwoodhill was 49 cm x 8 m, in 1973.)

Casuarina equisetifolia, Shingle Oak, Australia. C.S. ~illiams, Kaharau, Ruatoria. Dbh 122 cm, height 22 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1973. A good tree in a fine group of other species.

Catalpa bignonioides, Indian Bean Tree, E USA. Domain, Patutahi. Dbh 84 cm, height 16.7 m, spread 19.7 m, with a good trunk to 4.3 m, in 1973. (Another good tree at Colin Bell, 22 Oswald Street, Gisborne, was 79 cm x 16 m x 15 m in 1973.)

Cedrus atlantica, Atlas Cedar, Atlas Mountains in Algeria and Morocco. C.I. Scott Estate, The Willows, Waipaoa. Dbh 137 cm, height 23 m, spread 24.3 m, in 1973. A splendid tree. (Another good one at P.J. Barns-Graham, Hangaroa, was 88 cm x 27 m, in 1973.)

Cedrus atlantica glau~, Blue Cedar. W. MacLaurin, Waipura station, Hexton. Girth at G.L., 6.7 m, height 22.3 m, spread 24.3 m, in 1973. An attractive tree planted c.1913. (A well-formed tree at P.J. Barns-Graham, lrangaroa, was 87 cm x 26 m, in 1973.) This species occurs both in the wild and in cultivation.

Cedrus deodara, Himalayan Cedar, W Himalaya. R. Batcheldor, 17 Dominion Road, Gisborne. Dbh 150 cm, hei~ht 24 m, spread 24.3 m, in 1973. (A similar-sized tree at F.H. Bull, 141 Russell Street, Gisborne, was 150 cm x 23.3 m x 23.7 m, in 1973: an attractive tree at Patutahi Domain was 76 cm x 23 m, in 1973.)

Celtis australis, Nettle Tree, S Europe, N Africa and Asia Minor. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 16 cm, height 8 m, in 1973.

ChamaecyParis lawsoniana, Lawson Cypress, W North America. C. I. Scott estate, The Willows, Waipaoa. Dbh 74 cm, height 24.3 m, in 1969. A very good tree. (A tree typical of many at Eastwoodhill was 50 cm x 18 m, in 1973.)

Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Crippsii', Golden Hinoki Cypress, Eastwoodhill. Dbh 30 cm, height 8 m, in 1973.

Chamaecyparis pisifera, Sarawa Cypress, Japan. Eastwood.hill. Dbh 40 cm, height 12 m, in 1973.

Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Squarrosa'. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 12 cm, height 5 m, in 1973.

Cinnamomum camphora~ Camphor Tree, E Asia. Mrs A. Stevens, 18 Carnarvon Street, Gisborne. Diam. at 0.7 m, 113 crm, height 13 m, spread 16.7 m, in 1973. (Others recorded in 1973 are at Miss N. Cooper's, Harris Street, Gisborne, 43 cm at 0.7 m, x 8 m x 15 m: at :Michael Crisp' s, Owen Road, Gisborne, 94 cm x 16. 7 m, with a good trunk to 3.7 m.) 38

Crataegus crus-galli, Cockspur Thorn, E and Central North America. Botanical Gardens, Gisborne. Dbh 23 cm, height 4.7 m, spread 8.7 m, in 1973.

Cr;vptomeria japonica, Japanese Cedar. D.O.B. Williams, Pukititi station, East Coast. Dbh 84 cm, height 22 m, in 1973. The largest of this species seen in the region. (A well-sited tree at Barry McLean's Ranui, Riverside Road, was 57 cm x 18.3 m, in 1973.) Cryptomeria japonica 'Elegans', Bronze Japanese Cedar. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Diam. at G.L., 101 cm, height 13 m, in 1973. Planted c.1940. (A single-stemmed specimen at Eastwoodhill was 45 cm x 11 m, in 1973. A rare species at lower levels in this region.)

Cunninghamia lanceolata, Chinese Fir. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 56 cm, height 23.3 m, in 1973. The largest of several and the best group of this species seen in New Zealand.

Cupressus arizonica, Arizona Cypress, SW North America. Eastwood.hill. Dbh 93 cm, height 20 m, in 1973.

Cupressus funebris, Chinese Weeping Cypress, Central China. Eastwood.hill. Dbh 30 cm, height 12 m, in 1973. Largest of three trees. Cupressus lusitanica, Mexican Cypress, Cedar of Goa, Mexico, Guatemala. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 102 cm, height 18 m, in 1973.

Cupressus macrocarpa, Honterey Cypress, Monterey Peninsula. C.I. Scott estate, The Willows, Waipaoa. Dbh 295 cm, height 22.7 m, spread 24.3 m, in 1973. A very large tree with a good trunk to 2 m. (A large, but shorter, tree at Turihaua station was 255 cm x 16.7 m x 24.3 m: a tall one with a good trunk at Puketiti station was 107 cm x 30.3 m: the best of several at R. Berry's, Tiniroto, was 163 cm at 1 m, x 22 m - all were recorded in 1973. There are many other large ones in this region.)

Cupressus sempervirens, Italian or Mediterranean Cypress, Mediterranean region. Ulverstone, 25 Hinaki Street, Gisborne. Dbh 68 cm, height 19 m, in 1973.

Cupressus sempervirens var. sempervirens, Upright Italian Cypress. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 30 cm, height 14 m, in 1973. The largest of a circular group. These and others on the property are fine trees. Cupressus torulosa, Bhutan Cypress, N Himalaya and W China. D.O.B. Williams, Puketiti station, East Coast. Dbh 129 cm, height 30 m, in 1973. Erythrina crista-galli, Brazilian Coral Tree. F.H. Bull, 141 Russell Street, Gisborne. Dbh 97 cm, height 5 m, spread 6 m, in 1973. (A compact tree of this species at Ulverstone, 25 Hinaki Street, Gisborne, was 2.3 m in girth at 0.7 m, mx 6 x 9 m, in 1973.)

Erythrina x sykesii (syn. E.phlebocarpa), Coral Tree. B. Costello, Tatapouri Hotel. Diam. at 0.7 m, 101 cm, height 8.3 m, spread 12.3 m, in 1973. (Twelve small. trees, probably cuttings from the large one, are planted around the north and west sites of the hotel grounds. Very colourful from June till October. A small tree at W.B. Veitch's, Lloyd George Road, ~fainui, was 1.8 m in girth at G.L. x 5.7 m x 9 ra, in 1973.) 39

Eucalyptus botryoides, NSW and Victoria. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 77 cm, height 29 m, in 1973 (planted 1944).

Eucalyptus camaldulensis, most of Australia. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 145 cm, height 37.7 m, in 1973 (planted 1900).

Eucalyptus cinerea, E Australia. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 24 am, height 9.7 m, in 1973 (planted 1963). Known as the 'Silver Dollar Gum.!

Eucalyptus delegatensis, Tasmania, Victoria. R. Berry, Tinitoro. Dbh 63 cm, height 21 m, in 1973 (planted 1956). .

Eucalyptus fastigata, NSW. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 94 cm, height 32.3 m, in 1973 (planted 1951).

Eucalyptus ficifolia, SW West Australia. D. Bass, 24 Hinaki Street, Gisborne.. Dbh 104 cm, height 14 m, spread 16.7 m, with a good. trunk to 3.7 m, in 1973. This is the best of this species seen in this region and one of the best in New Zealand. (Another very good tree at ·· E.J. Stock's, 120 Stafford Street, was 104 cm at 1.3 m, x 13.3 m x 15.3 m in 1973: an old tree at W.B. Cooper's, Wainui station, was 68 cm x 7.3 m x 13.7 m in 1973.)

Eucal:rptus fraxinoides, NSW. R. Berry. Tiniroto. Dbh 41 cm, height 10 m, in 1973 (planted 1963).

Eucalyptus macarthuri, NSW. Eastwood.hill. Dbh 117 cm, height 25 m, in 1973.

Eucalypttre maidenii, NSW. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 30 cm, height 16 m, in 1973 (planted 1950).

Eucalyptus muellerana, NSW and Victoria. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 27 cm, height 15 m, in 1973 (planted 1958).

Eucalyptus ovata, NSW, Victoria and Tasmania. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 65 cm, height 25 m, in 1973 (planted 1949).

Eucalyptus pulchella (syn. E.linearis), Tasmania. Eastwood.hill. Dbh 145 cm, height 27 m, in 1973.

Eucalyptus sali~, NSW and S Australia. G.R. Black, Hinenui Trust, Pakowhai. Dbh 87 cm, height 37.4 m, in 1973. A sample of a very good closely planted stand. The tree measured was the tallest of any species recorded in the region.

Eucalyptus viminalis, SE Australia. R. Berr-3, Tiniroto. Dbh 99 cm, height 30 m, in 1973 (planted 1927).

Fagµs sylvatica, Common Beech, Europe. T.R. Holden, Rimuroa, Riverside Road, Gisborne. Dbh 114 cm, height 19.3 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1973. (Smaller trees of this species are at Eastwoodhill and Abbotsford.)

Fagµs sylvatica purpurea, Copper Beech, Europe. J. Barns-Graham, Strathblane station, Hangaroa. Diam. at 0.5 m, 126 cm, height 27.7 m, spread 25 m, in 1973. A well sited tree. (Others recorded in 1973 were at C.I. Scott estate, The Willows, Waipaoa, 107 cm :x: 18 m x 19.7 m, a beautiful tree: R. David Black's, Pakowhai, 119 cm at 0.7 m, :x: 15.7 m x 18.3 m: a tall tree at T.R. Holden's, Rimuroa, Riverside Road, 68 cm x 20.3 m: Kelvin Park, between the Museum and the river bridge, Gisborne, 104 cm x 14.3 m.) 40

Ficus macrophylla, Moreton Bay Fig, NE Australia. H.G. Kemp, The Willows, Matawhero. Girth at b.h., 6.7 m, height 21.3 m, spread 36.7 m, with a surface rooting spread of 21.3 m, in 1973. This is an outstanding tree. (Others recorded in 1973 were at G.R. Black's, Hinenui Trust, Pakowhai Road, Pakowhai, 144 cm x 17.3 m x 26 m: and Tucker's Paddock, Gisborne, 139 cm x 16 m x 30.3 m - both are attractive trees.)

Fagu.s sylvatica 'Tricolor', R. Berry, Tiniroto. Diam. at 1 m, 30 cm, height 9.7 m, in 1973. (A slightly smaller tree is at Eastwoodhill.)

Fraxinus americana, White Ash, E North America. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 64 cm, height 16 m, in 1973. (A small one is at R. Berry's, Tiniroto.) Fraxinus excelsior, Common Ash, Europe and Caucasus. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 66 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. This species is not common in the region.

Fraxinus o:xycarpa, Desert Ash, S Europe to Persia and Turkestan. R.G. Faulkner, Wairakaia Station, Nuriwai. Dbh 129 cm, height 22.7 m, spread 24.3 m, in 1973. Almost as large as the one at Eastwoodhill.

Fraxinus udhei, Shamel Ash, Mexico. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 23 cm, height 9 m, in 1973. A rare tree in New Zealand.

Ginkgo biloba, Maidenhair Tree, China. Ormond Lodge, Ormond Road, Gisborne. Dbh 63 cm, height 14 m, in 1973. A female tree and a good bearer of fruit. (Others recorded in 1973 were at: T.A. Corson's, Riverside Road, Gisborne, 58 cm x 20.3 m: and IL David Black' s, Pakowhai, 50 cm x 12. 7 m. )

GY!DPOcladus dioicus, Kentucky Coffee Tree, E USA. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 24 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. Larger of two trees.

Q.~~ ~busta, Silky Oak, Australia. A. Dever, Cook Street, Tolaga Bay. Dbh 65 cm, height 16.7 m, spread 18.3 m, in 1973. Well sited beside the main road. (A tall tree at Barry McLean's, Ranui, Riverside Road, Gisborne, was 52 cm .x 23.7 m in 1973.)

Ilex ag_ui{~, Common Holly, Europe, N Africa and China. Sunnyvale Motel and Motor Camp, Morere. Girth at G.L., 5 m, height 6 m, in 1973. A very old tree and the largest seen in the region. (F.H. Bull, 141 Russell Street, Gisborne, has a fine tree 67 cm x 6.7 m; another at H.H. Dods's, Repongaere, Patutahi, was 52 cm x 7 m - both in 1973.)

Jacaranda mimosifolia (syn. J.ovalif~), Central South America. H.H. Dods, Repongaere, Patutahi. Girth at 0.7 m, 2.4 m, height 16 m, spread 18.3 m, in 1973. A handsome large tree with five leaders. Juglans ailantifolia var. cordiformis, Japanese Walnut. J. Barns-Graham, Strathblane station, Hangaroa. Diam. at 0.9 m, 75 cm, height 17 m, spread 26 m, in 1973. An excellent tree planted c.1900-05.

Juglans regia, Common Walnut, SE Europe, Himalaya and China. R.H. Brown, Pari Puha, Te Karaka. Diam. at 0.7 m, 148 cm, height 13.7 m, spread 35 m, in 1969. Planted c.1905. There are many large trees of this species in the region.

Koelreuteria paniculata, Pride of India. Botanical Gardens, Gisborne. Dbh 27 cm, height 6 m, spread 9 m, in 1973. 41

Juniperus virginiana, Pencil Cedar, E and Central North America. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 30 cm, height 14 m, in 1973. Lagunaria patersonii, Norfolk Island Hibiscus. Beside the Museum, Gisborne. Dbh 112 cm, height 16.7 m, in 1969. Well stocked with attractive flowers in March. Planted c.1860. Larix decidua, Common Larch, Europe. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 37 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. Largest of several trees. Planted 19490

Larix x: eurolepis. (L.de~ x L.kaempferi), Dunkeld Larch.. Eastwood.hill. Dbh 22 cm, height 12 m, in 1973. Larix kaempferi (syn. L.leptolepis), Japanese Larch. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 36 cm, height 14 m, in 1973. Planted 1955. Ligustrum lucidum, Glossy Privet, China. Botanical Gardens, Gisborne. Dbh 107 cm, height 13.7 m, spread 15.3 m, in 1973. A handsome tree. Liguidambar styraciflua, Sweet Gum, E North America. H.H. Dods, Repongaere, Patutahi. Dbh 77 cm, height 23.7 m, in 1973. (Another good tree at H. Crisp's, 1 Owen Road, Gisborne, was 79 cm :x: 20 m x 1 6. 7 m in 1973. )

Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Tree, E USA. Eastwood.hill. Dbh 93 cm, height 18 m, in 1973. Planted c.1918. (A good tree at R. Berry's, Tiniroto, was 77 cm x 18 m, in 1973 - planted 1961. This species is rare in the lower levels of this region.) Maclura pomifera, Osage Orange, S and Central USA. A.R. Rogers, Makaraka, Dbh 78 cm, height 10.7 m, spread 15.3 m, in 1973. An old tree. A grove of this species is or was near Muriwai, but could not be found in 1973. Melaleuca sguarrosa, Scented Paperbark, Tasmania,and Australia. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Diam. at G.L., 25 cm, height 5.3 m, in 1973. Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Dawn Redwood, China. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Diam. at 0.7 m, 61 cm, height 12 m, in 1973. The thickest of six but three are taller. (A good tree at R. David Black's, Pakowhai, was 62 cm x 14 m in 1973.) Nothofagus sp. At R. Berry, Tiniroto. N.dombeyi, Rauli, Chile and Argentine. Dbh 25 cm, height 11 m. N.obligua, Robel Bush, Chile, 20 cm x 11.7: N.procera, Coigne, Chile, 16 cm x 8.3 m. All recorded in 1973 and planted in 1961. Nyssa sylvatica, Tupelo Tree, S Canada and E USA, Central and S Mexico. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 43 cm, height 16 m, in 1973. Planted 1935. (A smaller tree is growing at Berry's, Tiniroto.) Olea europaea, Olive, Mediterranean region. l'fi.L. Vette, Manutuke. Dbh 97 cm, height 5.3 m, spread 10.7 m, in 1973. This tree was storm­ damaged in 1968 but after some surgery now looks very attractive. (A wide-spreading tree at H.B. ':lilliams' s, Turihaua station, was 3. 7 m in girth at G.L., x 6.7 m x 18.3 m, in 1973.) Parrotia persica, Iron Tree, N Persia to the Caucasus. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Diam. at G.L. 20 cm, height 6. 3m, in 1973. 42

Persea grattissima (syn. P.americana), Avocado Pear, Tropical America. L. Grey, Main Road, Ormond. Diam. at 0.3 m, 104 cm, height 9 m, spread 12 m, in 1973. A large tree in the orchard. (Mr and Mrs Grey have established a fine garden of subtropical trees.)

Paulownia tomentosa, Foxglove Tree, China. Behind the vicarage, Cobden Street, Gisborne. Dbh 60 cm, height 5.3 m, in 1969. Has been well pruned. Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix Palm, Canary Islands. H.B. Williams, Turihaua Station. Diam. at 1.8 m, 82 cm, height 16 m, with a cle~r trunk to 11.3 m, in 1973. Photinia serrulata, Chinese Hawthorn. H.G-. Kemp, The Willows, Matawhero. Dbh 75 cm, height 14 m, spread 13.7 m, in 1973. A:n old but fine looking tree. (A large malformed tree at Eastwoodhill was 104 cm at G.L., x 12 m in 1973.)

Phytolacca dioica (syn. P.arborea), Ombu, S America. Miss S. MacArthur, 2 Williamson Street, Okitu. Diam. at 1 m, 74 cm, height 10.7 m, spread 24.3 m, in 1973. There is much of the usual surface rooting at the base of the tree.

Picea abies, Norway Spruce, N and Central Europe. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 33 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. Other spruces recorded in 1973 are: P.omorika, Serbian Sp~~ce, Yugoslavia, 22 cm x 11 m: P.orientalis, Oriental Spruce, Asia Minor and Caucasus, 21 cm x 8 m: P.smithiana, Weeping Himalayan Spruce, 50 cm x 16 m, the larger of two good trees.

Picea sitchensis, Sitka Spruce, W North America. J.W. Clark, Opou station homestead, Manutuke. Dbh 117 cm at 1.5 m, height 28.7 m, in 1973. The larger of two trees near the entrance gateway.

Pinus canariensis, Canary Island Pine. Domain, Patutahi. Dbh 101 cm, height 30 m, in 1973. The best of eight good trees. This species thrives in warm coastal areas. Pinus sp. measured at Eastwoodhill in 1973 are as follows: P.canariensis, Canary Island Pine, dbh 56 cm, height 22 m: P.contorta, Lodgepole Pine, W North America, 43 cm x 12 m, planted 1949: P.durangensis, Durango Pine, Mexico, 45 cm x 5 m: P.halepensis, Aleppo Pine, Mediterranean region and W Asia, 53 cm x 11 m, 1949: P. ,jeffreyi, Jeffrey Pine, SW USA, 31 cm x 11 m, 1949: P.lambertiana, Sugar Pine, W USA, 12 cm x 5 m, 1949 - the largest of all pine species: P.nigra var. laricio, Corsican Pine, S Italy and Corsica, 35 cm x 16 m, 1949: P.patula, Fatula Pine, Mexico, 60 cm x 24 m: P.ponderosa, Ponderosa Pine, 28 cm x 11 m, 1949: P.serotina, Pond Pine, E USA, 10 cm x 5 m: P.strobus, Strobus or Weymouth Pine, E North America, 28 cm x 16 m, 1949.

Pinus sp. recorded at R. Berry's Abbotsford station, Tiniroto in 1973 (species not recorded at Eastwoodhill) were: P.muricata, Bishop Pine, California, dbh 44 cm, height 17.7 m, planted c.1935: P.pinaster, Haritime Pine, W Mediterranean region, 40 cm x 13 m, 1955: P.pinea, Stone Pine, Mediterranean region, 21 cm at 1 m, x 5.7 m, 1960: P.radiata, Radiata Pine, -Nonterey Peninsula, 213 cm at 0.5 m, x 40 m, 1895: P.sylvestris, Scots Pine, N Europe, 17 cm x 7.3 m, 1955: P.taeda, Loblolly Pine, SE USA, 44 cm x 15 m. 43

Platanus x hispanica (syn. £.. x hybridat £.. x .§!£.erifolia), London Plane. Domain, Patutahi. Dbh 160 cm, height 22.7 m, spread 27.3 m, in 1973. One of the best planes in the country although large ones are rare in the region. (Also recorded in 1973 were one at Eastwoodhill 88 cm x 20 m, and the largest of several at Berry's, Tiniroto, 51 cm x 22 m.)

Populus deltoides 'Virginiana', Necklace Poplar. T.R. Holden, Rimuroa, Riverside Road, Gisborne. Dbh 183 cm, height 38.7 m, with a clear trunk to 6 m, in 1973. (A good tree of this species recorded at Eastwoodhill in 1973 was 142 cm x 30 m. Because of the large number of poplar species, others of local interest have not been listed individually. However, as a matter of interest, there are 25 poplar species at Eastwoodhill and 139 at Berry's Abbotsford.)

Prunus serotina, Black Cherry, E N America. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Diam. at G.1., 38 cm, height 8.7 m, in 1973. (This is the same species recorded as P.padus on p.20, Report 22.)

Prunus x ~donensis (P.speciosa x P.subhirtella), Yoshino Cherry. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Diam. at G.L., 34 cm, height 8.3 cm, in 1973. Pseudotsuga menziesii (syn. P.taxifolia), Douglas Fir, W North America. D.O.B. Williams, Puketiti station, , East Coast. Dbh 134 cm, height 41 m, in 1973. The largest of many fine Douglas Firs on this property. (One of the largest of this species at Eastwoodhill was 70 cm x 27 m, in 1973, and the largest at Berry's Abbotsford was 58 cm x 26 m, with a clear trunk to 6.5 m, in 1973.) A rare species in the lower coastal areas.

Quercus canariensis, Algerian Oak, N Africa, S Portugal and Spain. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 39 cm, height 16 m, in 1973. (Other oaks on this property of local interest measured in 1973 are: Q.cerris, Turkey Oak, S Europe and Asia Minor, 52 cm x 18 m: Q..coccinea, Scarlet Oak, E North America, 86 cm x 20 m: C.coccinea 'Splendens', 48 cm x 18 m: Q.ilex, Holm Oak, Mediterranean region and SW Europe, 70 cm at G.L. x 16 m: palustris, Pin Oak, E USA, 61 cm x 25 m: Q.robur, Common English Oak, 98 cm x 18 m: ~.rubra, Red Oak, 68 cm x 25 m: ~.velutina, Black Oak, E North America, 29 cm x 10 m, 1947.

Quercus ilex, Holm Oak, Mediterranean region, S Europe. Colin F. Hair, back Ormond Road, Hexton. Dbh 117 cm, height 21.3 m, spread 19.7 m, in 1973. An outstanding tree. (A smaller tree on the corner of Ormond and Hospital Roads was 62 cm x 14.7 m x 18.3 m, and another at Turihaua station was 58 cm x 15 m, both in 1973.)

Quercus palustris, Pin Oak, E North America. C.S. Williams, Kaharau, Ruatoria, homestead area. Dbh 58 cm, height 21.3 m, with a clear trunk to 7.6 m, in 1973. (Another good tree at T.A. Corson's, Riverside Road, Gisborne, was 77 cm x 25.7 m x 21.3 m, also in 1973.)

Quercus robur (syn. Q.pedunculata), Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. C.I. Scott Estate, The ~lillows, Waipaoa. Dbh 170 cm, height 17.7 m, spread 32 m, in 1973. A fine spreading tree and the largest of this species known in the region. (Others recorded in 1973 were at J. Barns-Graham, Strathblane station, Hangaroa, 166 cm at 0.7 m, x 20.7 m x 35 m: C.S. Williams, Kaharau, Ruatoria, 150 cm x 17 m x 21.3 m (1893), an excellent tree in a group of mixed species: J.W. Clark, Opou homestead, 148 cm x 20.7 m, x 27.3 m, with a fine trunk to 4.3 m (1905): and the Domain, Patutahi, 114 cm x 18.3 m x 26 m.) The two planting dates known are evidence of the rapid growth attained by this species in parts of the region. 44

Quercus rubra ( syn. Qborealis), Red Oak, E North America. R.G. Faulkner, Wairakaia station, Muriwai. Dbh 94 cm, height 17.3 m, spread 30.3 m, in 1973. A wide-spreading tree. (At T.R. Holden's Rimuroa, Riverside Road, is another good tree, 74 cm x 16.7 m x 24.3 m, in 1973.)

Q.uercus suber, Cork Oak, S Europe and N Africa. :M.W. Coop, Nick's Head station, Coops Road, Muriwai. Dbh 80 cm, height 13.3 m, spread 12.3 m in 1973, partly suppressed between a very large copper beech and weeping lilly pilly tree. (Behind the vicarage, Cobden Street, Gisborne, is a pollarded tree 77 cm x 7 m, in 1969.)

Quercus and other sp. The following late entry was kindly sent by Bob Berry, who identified the species. This is a rare collection of oaks for a private property and well worthy of inclusion in this report. I quote Bob Berry: "The list is impressive: Quercus bicolor, Q..canariensis (syn. g.merbeckii), ~.cerris, Q.ilex, Q.ilicifolia, Q.imbricaria, Q.marilandica, g.palustris, Q.robur, Q.rubra and Q.suber. The Q.. bicolor, canariensis, ilicifolia, imbricaria and rnarilandica are all taller than any of these species at Eastwoodhill, the Q.marilandica twice as tall. Other large specimens include Ceratonia siligua, Lauris nobilis, a species of Erica, probably E.lusitanica, about 15 cm x 6 m, and also a Podocarpus with green fruit, probably P.salignus, a bushy specimen about 6 m x 6 m. There were a few other odd trees but none outstanding". The trees are on a property just opposite the Patutahi turnoff on the Ngatapa road. They were planted by Meyrick Williams's father c.1912 when the two-storey house was built. A feature of this old home is the fine wood panelling inside, and a maire staircase. The present owner is Mrs Stephens, president of the local horticultural society.

Robinia pseudoacacia, Black Locust, E USA. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 52 cm, height 16 m, in 1973. The largest of many from different sites.

Salix sp. of local interest are not recorded. Berry showed 80 sp. in his check list for Abbotsford arboretum in 1973, and 13 sp. at Eastwoodhill.

Schinus molle, South American Pepper Tree. Miss L.F. Hatten, Main Road, Ormond. In 1969 this tree was the largest of its species recorded in New Zealand, with dbh 175 cm, height 7.6 m, and spread 18.3 m. The tree in 1973 is still alive and very impressive, but the trunk has split, and branches on one side are resting on the ground. It may live for years. (Two fairly large trees of the species are at the corner of Ormond and Hospital Roads, Gisborne.)

Sequoia sempervirens, Redwood, California. H.K. Ngata, 10 Grant Street, Gisborne. Dbh 216 cm, height 28.3 m, in 1973. The top has been broken for many years. (A taller tree at J.W. Clark's, Opou homestead, Manutuke, was 214 cm at 1.7 m, x 39.3 m, and one taller still at T.R. Holden's Rimuroa, Riverside Road, was 208 cm x 42 m, both being measured in 1973. The Opou tree is known to have been planted c.1870 from a seedling supplied from Henry Bull's nursery, so the others above could also have come from this nursery. All three have large dimensions well up the trunks and each would contain well over 30 cu m (1000 cu ft) of wood. Others of this species recorded in 1973 were at The Willows, Waipaoa, 125 cm x 33.7 m, and the Domain, Patutahi, 115 cm x 23 m, with a broken top. Opposite the Hatawai Hotel is a small group of younger trees about 30 m tall. At the Waipare Farm Settlement, Lands Department, between Talaga Bay and Tokornaru Bay, are three approx. 0.2 ha plots planted in 1926 by the 'llilliams family, the largest trees on the plot near the settlement depot were 99 cm x 40 m in 1973.) 45

Seguoiadendron giganteum, Californian Big Tree. J.W. Clark, Opou homestead, .Manutuke. Dbh 270 cm, height 32 m, in 1973. Along the driveway, near the entrance. (Others recorded in 1973 are at the Domain, Patutahi, 157 cm x 33.3 m: one at C.I. Scott estate, The Willows, Waipaoa, 131 cm x 30 m: the well-known tree in front of the Municipal Building, Gisborne, 115 cm x 21 m. There are smaller ones at Eastwoodhill and Abbotsford.) The largest and best in the region are the trees at Opou homestead.

Sophora japonica, Pagoda Tree, China. Widely planted in Japan. Customhouse Street, Gisborne, on the top part of sloping riverbank. Dbh 79 cm, height 11 7 m, spread 19.7 m, in 1973. An attractive flowering tree.

Stenocarpus sinuatus, Tree, Australia. H.H. Dods, Repongaere, Patutahi. Dbh 20 cm, height 7 m, in 1973. Massed with flowers in May. (A similar-sized tree is in L. Grey's garden, Main Road, Ormond.)

Syzygium floribundum (syn0 :::::.:.::::~=:::. ventenatii), Weeping Lilly Pilly Tree, NE Australia. T.A. Corson, Riverside Road, Gisborne. Diam. at 1 m, 61 cm 19 m, spread 15.3 m, in 1973.

Syzygium paniculatum (syn E.~~rtifolia), Bush Cherry, NE Australia. T.R. Holden, Rimuroa, Riverside Road, Gisborne. Dbh 99 cm, 12 3 m, spread 16.7 m, in 1973. A very, good tree. Other large trees recoried in 1973 were at 61 Clifford Street, Gisborne, 68 cm 1 m, x 9 m x 1 7 m, and A.J. Arthur's, 532 Wainui Road, Gisborne, at G.L. 2.4 m, x 6 m x 7.7 m. There are many trees of this species in the Gisbo:rne district.)

Taxodium distichum, Swamp or Bald Cypress, SE USA. F.H. Bull, 141 Russell Street, Gisborne. Dbh 70 cm, height 19.7 m, in 1973. (A smaller tree at Eastwoodhill was 56 cm x 16 m in 1973. The largest tree of this species knovm in New Zealand was felled in Gisborne about 10 years ago - it was 30 m in height.)

Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata', Irish Yew. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Diam. at G.L., 21 cm, height 5 m, in 1973. A rare species in the region.

'rhu.ja plicata, Western .i.ed Cedar, W North America. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 63 cm, height 16 m, in 1973. Best of three trees.

Thujopsis dolobrata (syn. ~hu~ dolobrata), Hiba-Arbor-Vitae, Japan. Eastwoodhill Dbh 20 cm, height 8 m, in 1973.

!_ilia x europaea (syn. 1.vu~1¥'i~) (~~or~ata x T.platyphyllos), Common Lime. T.R. Holden, Rimuroa, Riverside Road, Gisborne. Diam. at 0.7 m, 23.7 m, height 19.7 m, in 1973. (At the Sur1nyvale Motel and Motor Camp - Rens and Len Kuil r.iorere, is a tree 80 cm x 15 m x 16.7 m in 1973. Along the to the camp is a row of ~~ordata approx. 6 m in height.)

Tilia Elat;yphyllos, Large-leaved Lime, Europe. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Dbh 21 cm, height 8 m, in 1973. Planted 1949.

Tilia tomentosa (syn. T.argentea, T.alba), Silver Lime, SE and E Central Europe. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 44 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. Planted 1935. 46

Tristania conferta, Brush Box, NE Australia. Botanical Gardens, Gisborne. Dbh 40 cm, height 5.7 m, in 1973.

Thuja heterophylla, Western Hemlock, W North America. R. Berry, Tiniroto. Diam. at G.L., 44 cm, height 7.7 m, in 1973.

Ulmus americana, White Elm, E North America. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 64 cm, height 17 m, in 1973. Larger of two trees. Planted 1918.

Ulmus carpinifolia, Smooth-leaved Elm, Europe. Eastwood.hill. Dbh 54 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. Larger of two trees. Planted 1918.

Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii', Canperdown Elm, Eastwoo dhill. Dbh 54 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. Planted 1918.

Ulmus glabra 'Pendula', Weeping 'tlych Elm, J.W. Clark homestead, Opou, Ifanutuke. Dbh 59 cm, height 4.7 m, spread 12.3 m, with a good trunk to 2.7 m, in 1973.

Ulmus x hollandica 'Major' ( syn. U.ma,jor), Dutch Elm. Eastwoodhill. Dbh 100 cm, height 27 m, in 1973.

Ulmus procera (syn. U.campestris), Co::.mon Elm, England. C.E. Matthews, Ellerslea, Tiniroto Road, Patutahi. Dbh 161 cm, height 32 m, spread 39.3 m, in 1973. Planted by Mr Matthew's grandfather just over 100 years ago. (Many trees of this species have been felled in the Gisborne district over the past 10 years.)

Virgilia oroboides (syn. V.capensis), Cape Virgilia, South Africa. T.R. Holden, Rimuroa, Riverside Road, Gisborne. Dbh 47 cm, height 6.7 m, spread 7.6 m, in 1973. (Another recorded in 1973 at Dr J.M.G. Costello's, 17 Lloyd George Road, Wainui, was 50 cmat0.3 m x 5. 7 m x 9 m.)

Washingtonia filifera 'Robusta', Fan Palm, California. Kelvin Park, Gisborne. Dbh 58 cm, height 22 m, in 1973. (Others recorded in 1973 were in a small reserve at Fitzherbert Street end of Clifford Street, Gisborne, 50 cm x 20.3 m, and at Tluketiti station, East Coast, 50 cm x 12.7 m.) Casuarina equisetifolia, Shingle Oak. E. Ingram, ',faerenga.-a-Hika p.21 Fagus sylvatica ' Pendula', Weeping Beech. Rimuroa, River Road, Gisborne p.21 -~~ ~~;--: --:.:_ .. - . ;.

--·~--·-

Ulmus procera, Common ~lm Vicarage, Cobden St., Gisborne p.20 Cupressus sempervirens var. sempervirens, Italian Cypress. T.C. Lowry, Okawa, Fernhill P.54 Poel!} us Del_tsiJ:.9.~.!:l. '~.i-~.SL~i/ (Neck lace !lop la r) Frimley Park, Hastinqs. Sal ix babylonica, Weeping '.Villow. V.D. Hill, Fernhill p . 70 H..A.WKES BAY GENERAL NOTES

Lieutenant T. McDonnell, R.N., did a survey near Napier in 1834e This was probably the first constructive task done by a European in Hawkes Bay. McDonnell was followed by the traders Pollock in 1836 and Rhodes in 1839. The Rev. W. Colenso started the Waitangi mission in 1844. Another trader, Alexander, arrived in 1846 and probably took over the trading station and started a shipping service to Wellington. When F.J.Tiffen arrived at Ahuriri in 1849, he wrote: "The only house was on the Western Spit - a store and trading station - where quantities of pigs from all parts were slaughtered, pickled or made into bacon by Alexander and Ankertel". However, it is unlikely that these busy pork and bacon merchants had any opportunity to plant the first trees in the region.

Far more important events to the Bay's main industry of the future wase taking place at Pourerere in 1849. In 1845 Henry Tiffen and James Henry Northwood had established their Akiaruhe station in the Wairarapa, stocked with sheep from New South Wales. Late in 1848 they drove 3000 merinos up the Wairarapa coast to stock 20,000 ha leased from the Ma.oris at Pourerere and Omakere, the first sheep run in Hawkes Bay. A Historic Places Trust plaque at Pourerere describes Cook's visit and also the of the sheep on 30 January 1849. (At this point I must admit an inaccuracy about the above events in Report No. 20 of this series - that report mentioned that one of the earliest major European activities recorded in the Wairarapa was the unloading of a flock of 3000 merino sheep at Palliser Bay some time in 1849 - p. 19, 2nd para. The facts of the early settlement of the Wairarapa are that in 1843 were made to lease land, and in 1844, Charles Robert Bidwill drove his flock of 350 merino sheep to Kopungarara established the well-known Pihautea station, one of the first in the Wairarapa. Further, records of a census taken in 1847 show: "the inhabitants of Wairarapa numbered 59 men, 14 women and 19 children, while stock consisted of 11,291 sheep, 1365 cattle and 73 horses, forty-six of the latter belonging to Bidwill'1).

Today, apart from the large fruit and vegetable growing areas around Hastings, sheep stations of all sizes dominate the farmlands of this region. During the 1850s settlers seem to have favoured the country near the upper reaches of the Tukituki river, many reaching their new homes via the river from Clive. Samuel Williams established about 1855 and there are now many fine trees there. In the 1860s and 1870s most of central Hawkes Bay became settled and many splendid trees over 100 years old are still flourishing in these areas. In the late 1870s and 1880s more farms were established in the northern parts (Eskdale, Tutira, Wairoa and Frasertown), and in southern Hawkes Bay, Norsewood and Da.nnevirke were also settled about that time.

This is a region of many fine trees, 46 being recorded as the largest or tallest or their species in New Zealand and nearly 130 tree species of local interest. Probably the most outstanding trees are oaks, particularly the common English variety. The more colourful North American species are also comparable in size and character with those in other parts of New Zealand. There are many fine trees of the lesser-known pines, mostly on old stations; one prominent example is the shapely Montezumae pines over the fence at the Waiohika golf links.· Also, some of the largest poplars and planes in the country are at old homesteads. , Cornwall and Windsor Parks in Hastings, the Public Gardens in Napier, Duke Domain in Dannevirke and Miss May McRae's "Park" and garden at Frasertown are all beautiful. Recent plantings of river sheoaks at Windsor Park and Himalayan cedars around are particularly eyecatching. 48

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOR LOCAL LIST

Firstly many thanks again to all people who provided information for the 1970 version of this report. Secondly, grateful thanks for data for this version to Messrs L. Lannie, Director of Parks, Napier; Bernard Teague, Wairoa; Meyrick Williams, Hastings; Ash Cunningham, Napier; Mr Butcher, Director of Parks, Hastings; Dr H.G. McPherson, Hastings; Miss May McRae, Frasertown, Mrs T.C. Lowry, Okawa; and Mrs Ilma Harris, Karamu. Finally, many thanks to all others who so willingly provided information.

Special thanks to Mrs A. Woodhouse of Timaru and Ben Iorns of for historical details of the early settlement of Wairarapa. 49

'INDIGENOUS HISTORIC TREES (1) NATIONAL INTEREST

*Cordyline australis, Cabbage Tree. On the southern bank of the Wairoa River, opposite the Marine Parade, Wairoa. The tree marks the birthplace of Sir James Carroll, an outstanding Maori, who was born nearby in 1857. It is regarded as strictly tapu by local Maoris. When inspected early in 1969 it showed signs of its great age.

Cordyline australis, Cabbage Tree. Ruahapia Road, Hastings. According to legend, a tribe at Pakipaki attacked the pa, which was just north of the present Pakowhai Bridge. The head of the defeated Pakipaki chief was fastened to the top of a large cabbage tree and its weight caused the tree to bend and drop seeds. One of the young trees from these seeds was transplanted to Ruahapia Road. It is now a massive tree, although some of it was felled in a gale years ago. It is not generally considered as a tapu tree and the landowner and local Maoris are favourable towards its preservation. When measured in March 1969, girth at 0.7 m was 5 m. Four large leaders from just over b.h. reach up to 8 ·7 m. Hort List (1941) No. 50

Pittosporum obcordatum. Discovered by G.O.K. Sainsbury, near Wairoa in 1920. An area containing about 12 trees was fenced, and of late bas become very neglected and overgrown with blackberry. A rare species first found in Akaroa in 1901. The only other incidence known is near Kaitaia, Northland. 50

INDIGENOUS HISTORIC TREES (2) LOCAL INTEREST

Alectryon excelsus, Titoki. Near Hastings. "A tree used by early Maoris in sites of the disposal of the afterbirth" - Dr R.H. Allen, Hort. List (1941) No. 49. (Although told of the locality of this, it was not found. Another of Dr Allan's listed trees in this locality, a kauri, No. 48, was also not located - SWB.)

Cordyline australis, Cabbage Tree. Between the chapel and classrooms, Te Aute College. An enormous stump growing bark shoots to several metres. Although dwarfed by 110-year-old exotics, this is the oldest tree in the college grounds.

Corynocarpus laevigatus, Karaka. Eastbourne Street, Hastings. A very large, immeasurable tree at the base, height 10.7 m, in 1969. It has been remembered as a large tree in the early days, by now elderly people. In the 1931 earthquake, a falling blacksmith's shop chimney and high winds caused about 2 m of the trunk to be broken from the top. The local Beautification Society is endeavouring to permanently preserve the tree.

Dacrydium cupressinum, Rimu, and Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, Kahikatea• Ball's clearing, about 5 km west of Puketitiri. A remnant of podocarp forest, chiefly rimu and kahikatea. The stand has a high volume of timber and trees are very tall, giving the forest a cathedral-like quality. One of the most impressive podocarp stands remaining in New Zealand and a valuable legacy ;for the future. The area of this reserve is about 200 ha; tb.:::larea of the standing bush is about 35 ha. The area was preserved because it is representative of the indigenous growth that once covered this locality (note by Ash Cunningham 1969).

Dacrydium cupressinum, Rimu. On the terrace, Dannevirke South School, Dannevirke. Girth at G.L. 67 cm, height 6 m, in 1974. The tree has three leaders from 0.5 m above G.L. Planted in memory of Mr Henry Hill, Inspector of Schools, Hawkes Bccy- Education Board, on 18 August 1933. (A smaller, normally formed rimu, on the west side of the Tapuata stream, is thought to have been planted in memory of Mr Stewart, chairman of the school committee and a leading citizen; unfortunately no date of planting is available.) Indigenous grove, Tutira, Lake Tutira, planted by the author, H. Guthrie-Smith just behind the old homestead. Some of the species were not common to the area and all were becoming suppressed by honey§uckle. It is understood that Mrs J.A. Absolom, daughter of Mr Guthrie-Smith, commissioned recently-retired Geoff Wilson to care for the grove. 51

INDIGENOUS NOTABLE TREES (2) LOCAL INTEREST

Agathis australis, Kauri. Miss Fernie, Chesterhope, Pakowhai. Dbh 35 cm, height 19 m, in 1969. The best and largest of the few kauris seen in Hawkes Bay.

Alectr;yon excelsus, Titoki. R.H. Clark Estate, Waiohika. Diam. at 0.3 m, 65 cm, height 10 m, spread 12 m, in 1974. A healthy tree, growing in competition with exotics. (A tall tree in the Scenic Reserve on the Napier side of s, Road, was 42 cm x 16.7 m, in 1969. This good reserve is controlled by the Lions Club and the Royal Forest and Bird Protection s )

Leptospermum eri co ides, 'tlhi te Tea Tree. Public Gardens, Napier. Dbh 42 cmt height 11.7 m, in 1969.

Metrosideros excelsa, Pohutukawa. H.K. Clark, Hedgeley, Eskdale. Girth at G.L., 4.3 m, height 19.7 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1973. The largest of three trees. A species rarely seen in the region.

Metrosideros robusta, Northern Rata. Bush walk, opposite the old "Lake m, height approx. 34 m, in House" 1 Waikaremoana. Girth at base, 12.3 1974. A very old tree, in this walk as the "Giant Rata". The tree has little, if any, foliage on most of the barkless trunk to approx. 13 m. The is fair but the giant must be near the end of its life. (A healthy specimen was measured on Tawa Walk with a girth measurement at b.h. of 5.3 m, height approx. 36 m. Many large podocarps were also )

Metrosideros Southern Rata. D. Scannell, 420 King Street North, Hastings. at G.L., 3.3m, height 11 m, in 1969. An excellent tree, rare in this

Nestegis (syn. , White Maire. Lindisfarne College, Hastings. Girth at G.1., 2.3 m, height 9.3 m, spread 12.3 m, in 1973. The tree has seven leaders.

Plagianthus betulinus, Manatu. H.K. Clark, Hedgeley, Eskdale. Dbh 64 cm, height 16 m, spread 16.7 m, in 1973. An excellent tree in a row of exotics. (A smaller tree in the Public Gardens, Napier, was 55 cm x 5.3 m x 10.7 m, in 1959.)

Dacr,yca~ daci:ydioides, Kahikatea. Scenic Reserve below Jessop's, Napier- Wairoa Road. Dbh 169 cm, height 36 m, in 1969. (Up the hill, at P.J. Jessop Jun.'s ·dhite Pines are three more kahikateas, the largest being the same size as the reserve tree.)

1 ~?docarpus totara, Totara. Adeane s Bush, Ashley Clinton, Waipawa. Dbh 265 cm, height 33.7 m, with a good trunk to 14.7 m, in 1969. One of the best of the few large totaras left in New Zealand. Situated in a fairly large area of well-preserved native bush. (The larger of three good trees in Cornwall Park, Hastings, was 104 cm at 1 m x 21.3 m, in 1969; and near the old homestead, Te Aute College, is one 74 cm x 14.7 m, also in 1969.)

Pseu.dopanax crassifolius, Lancewood. D. Scannell, 420 King Street North, Hastings. Diam. at 0.7 m, 28 cm, height 5.3 m, in 1969. Six leaders grow from 1.3 m. 52

"Rakautanu" (the forest of planted trees), Holt Forest Trust. Situated about 10 km from Tutira, near where the railway crosses the Waikaoa Road, this mixed indigenous and exotic park-like forest is a dream come true for Mr Harold Holt of Napier. Harold spent two years in North America and Europe working and studying their forests. After returning in the early 1930s, he and Mrs Holt set out determined to establish the best forest of all. With over 70 species of native trees and shrubs and over 60 species of New Zealand ferns, combined with the best exotic conifers and broadleaves available, the 14.5 ha have been reasonably covered. In 1960 the area was endowed as the Holt Forest Trust, with the Director-General of Forests as one of three trustees. With the trees continuing to grow as they have and receiving the same care and treatment, this place could well become the greatest "forest of planted trees". 53

EXOTIC HISTORIC TREES ( 1) NATIONAL INTEREST

Eucalyptus regp.ans, Tasmania and Victoria. C.R. Lindsay, Awanui, Glengarry Road, Rissington. Five trees. Although about 20 km north from Napier, these trees can be seen on the skyline Irom there and were_ about 30 m tall in 1969. Planted c.1880, they form an official - landmark, shown on Admiralty charts since the Second World War, and are used by captains to guide their ships into the harbour at The trees are grcwing at approximately 300 m a. s. l. and were planted by one Bennett. There is a possibility that a road may be formed to enable tourists and others to visit the site. 54

EXOTIC HISTORIC TREES (2) LOCAL INTEREST

Araucaria heterophylla (syn. A.excelsa), Norfolk Island Pine. Opposite the end of Tennyson Street, the Marine Parade, Napier. Dbh 62 cm, height 22 m, in 1973. A sample of the trees from rows and avenues along the Parade. Including the row of this species north of the city centre, plantings are complete for approx. 8 km. This planting project is the largest for this species in New Zealand.

Cedrus atlantica f. glauca, Blue Cedar. Occurs both in the wild and in cultivation. Oruawnaro station (E. Sanders, Manager), Takapau. · Dbh 48 cm, height 15.3 m, in 1973. Planted 9 March 1935 by General Godley, O.C. 1st NZ Expeditionary Force. The station was taken up in 1856 by John Johnson and St Clair Inglis. Many fine old trees, some recorded in this report, are in the grounds of the old homestead.

Cedrus deodara, Himalayan Cedar, W Himalaya. Beside Nelson's old homestead, Waikoko showgrounds, Hastings. Girth at G.L., below the mass of 18 leaders, 12.3 m, height 24 m, spread 29 m, in 1969. Mr Nelson was responsible for establishing the freezing works industry in this district. Other fine trees on the property are being recorded in other lists in this report.

Cedrus deodara, Himalayan Cedar, W Himalaya. D.G. Walker, Little Flaxmere, Hastings. Dbh 131 cm, height 32 m, in 1973. This splendid tree must have been planted by Lieut-Col. A.H. Russell and his brother, William R. Russell (later Sir William Russell) soon after the property was settled in 1862. About that time they also acquired Tunanui station, and remained partners until 1895. Other fine trees on each estate are featured in this report.

Cupressus sempervirens, Mediterranean Cypress, Corner of Bedford Terrace and Porongahau Road, Waipukurau. Diam. at 0.7 m, 75 cm, height 17.7 m, in 1970. The most prominent, and believed to be the first, tree planted in the town.

Cupressus sempervirens var. sempervirens, Italian Cypress. T.C. Lowry, Okawa, Fernhill. Diam. at 0.3 m, 75 cm, height 22.7 m, in 1969. An outstanding tree (also being recorded as notable of national interest) planted by Thomas Lowry, soon after the property was established c.1859. (Thomas Lowry was married in 1861. An early record states "That from the beginning of its settlement 'Okawa' was planted with trees both ornamental and useful, seeds of raspberries and grapes, also acorns, were asked to be sent from England". A later report states "That gums and were planted which grew .into fine trees". Although the best of the elms are now gone, there are many fine trees remaining.)

Marus nigra, Black Mulberry, W Asia. A few km north of Wairoa on the right­ hand side of Highway 2. Dbh 30 cm, height 8.7 m, in 1969. One of a row planted c.1890 by J. Hunter-Brown, an early pioneer farmer interested in local affairs and recognised as a public benefactor. He planted the 60-odd trees and established a silkworm industry to provide work for the Ma9ris. In 1969 some young trees were planted to fill in gaps in the row. 55

Platanus x his anica (syn. !:_. x hybrida, !:_. x acerifolia), (P.orientalis x P.occidentalis , London Plane. G.P. Donnelly, Flaxmere, Hastings. Dbh 186 cm, height 32.7 m, spread 27.3 m, in 1974. Planted by Lieut.-Col. A.H. Russell and his brother William soon after taking up this property in 1862. The tree is the tallest and one of the best of this species in New Zealand. Well sited in front of the homestead. Pseudotsuga menziesii (syn. P.taxifolia), Douglas Fir. Duke Domain, Dannevirke. Diam. at 1 m, 107 cm, height 24.7 m, in 1969. Planted on 22 June 1897 to commemorate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee.

Qpercus robur (syn. Qlpedunculata), Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. Ormond Road, Hastings. Dbh 139 cm, height approx. 24 cm, in 1973. The largest of over 200 oak trees in the well-known "Oak Avenue~ That avenue, 1.3 km long, was originally planted in 1875 with trees 100 paces apart by the Hon J.D. Ormond. Many of the smaller trees seem to have been put in about the turn of the century. The avenue was dedicated a road in 1923. In 1973 there were, including the 213 oaks, 312 trees as follows (the dimensions shown being recorded that year): large English elms, the largest being 154 cm x approx. 27 m; 42 London planes, the largest being 119 cm x approx. 24 m; 6 Deodar cedars, the largest being 99 cm x 21 m; 4 common limes, the largest being 57 cm x 18 m; 3 modest sized Californian big trees; 2 Himalayan cypress, the largest being 109 cm x 28 m (the largest in the region); 1 Lawson cypress; 1 English beech; 1 Copper.beech and 1 Norway spruce. In 1973 many of the trees were pruned, unfortunately mainly with slashers. This rough treatment left untidy branch stubs with subsequent risk of rot. This is probably the outstanding and best known tree avenue in New Zealand.

Quercus robur (syn. Q.pedunculata), Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. In the grounds of the Anglican Christ Church, Pukehou, Te Aute. Dbh 104 cm, height 12 7 m, spread 26 m, in 1969. The largest of eight trees. The original part of the old church was built c.1859 by Samuel Williams, founder of Te Aute College. That part is the oldest church building still used in the diocese.

Quercus robur (syn. . edunculata , Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. William Georgetti estate N.R. Long, Manager), Crissoge, Fernhill. Diam. at 1 m, 144 cm, height 16 m, spread 32 m, in 1969. Planted c.1880. In 1877 George Prior Donnelly.married the daughter of Chief Karawo, built the present house and established a fine garden. After the death of Georgetti in 1943 the property was given to the Public Trust to be held in perpetuity to provide funds for post-graduate university studies inside and outside New Zealand.

Quercus robur (syn. Q.pedunculata), Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. The Norsewood Oak, Norsewood. Dbh 77 cm, height 13 m, spread 17 m, in 1969. A plaque on the tree reads 11 This oak was planted on 20th September 1897 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the settlement of Norsewood district by Scandinavians from Norway, Sweden and Denmark on 20th September 1 , and this block was erected to commemorate the 50th Anniversary, on the 20th September, 1922". Another purpose of the planting was to commemorate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. Quercus robur (syn. Q.pedunculata), Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. Queen's Square, Hastings. Dbh 124 cm, height 14.7 m, spread 29.3 m, in 1973. Planted by the Mayor of Hastings, C.A. Fitzroy, on 22 June 1897, to collJii1emorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. A fine, healthy tree. Quercus robur (syn. Q.pedunculata), Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. Corner of Frimley and Pakowhai Roads. Dbh 121 cm, height 15.3 m, spread 26 m, in 1969. Given to the city of Hastings by Miss Elsie Williams. An excellent tree th_tt should be labelled, according to the conditions of the bequest

Quercus rob.J::!!: (syn. Q..pedunculata), Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. Mount Vernon station, P.R. Harding, Waipukurau. Dbh 134 cm, height 18.3 m, spread 27.3 m, in 1970 This tree was planted soon after John Harding came up the river with his family to settle there in 1856.

Quercus robur (syn. Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. Nelson Park, Na.pier. cm, height 11. 7 m, spread 13. 7 m, in 1969. Planted in 1 from acorns sent from Great Windsor Park, to commemorate the coronation year of King George VI Distribution and planting of the by each country's Automobile Association. of being suppressed by other trees. (The only other known in New Zealand under this scheme was of two trees below Bowen Street, Albert Park, Auckland - seep. 46, Report 16.)

Sequoia sempervirens, Redwood, Tunanui station, John R. Russell. Dbh 159 cm, height m, One of the largest and the best tree of this species seen in Tunanui was taken up in 1862 by Lieut.-Col. A.H. Russell and his brother William R. Russell, later Sir William Russell. The partnership continued till 1895 when General Sir A.H. Russell took over. (Other early plantings on the station include several of pines, eucalypts and cypress. Planting of ornamental trees appears to have continued throughout this century.)

Seguoiadendron giganteum, Californian Big Treo. Miss Fernie, Chesterhope, Pakowhai. Dbh 213 cm, 42 m, in 1973. Planted c.1875. An excellent tree well sited in this picturesque garden. Hany of the rare and notable trees on this property are being recorded as notable, of national and local interest A feature of this fine garden is the clear water stream that passes through it.

Taxus baccata, Common or English Europe, N Persia and Algeria. Cemetery and old chapel site Pourerere station (J. Harty, manager), Pourerere. Dbh 40 cm, 5.7 m, in 1973. This small tree is growing near the gravestones early members of the Nairn family, and close to the family chapel. A nearby Historic Places Trust plaque credits Pourerere with been a landing spot of Captain James Cook on 22 October 1773, and the first run in HawJr..es Bay to be stocked with sheep. (Some time in 1848 Stokes Tiffen and James Henry Northwood had "somehow or other" leased 20,000 ha for less than £100 a year; that area included Pourerere and Omakere. Tiffen and Northwood stocked the country with 3000 Merino sheep from their :'1airarapa runs, Ahiaruhe and Pa~Qmuokaka. Frederick John Tiffen, Henry Tiffen's brother, managed Omakere and established his home, Elmshill, there in 1859, and 28-year-old Charles Nairn managed Pourerere for Northwood. Sometime in the late 1850s Charles Nairn took possession of Pourerere, which is still owned by· the family. About 1860 a 34 roomed house was built and his father, John Nairn (see p. 5, Report 19) arrived from Wanganui with ten members of the family. John Nairn, horticulturist and nurseryman, with his for growing trees, wasted little time in planting many acres of exotic conifers and broadleaved species. It is ·.believed that he planted a row of English oaks along the roadside 57

as far as Omakere. Today most of the trees planted at Pourerere are still standing. Beside where the large homestead stood is still a large one-roomed building, said to have been the billiard room.)

Ulmus procera (syn. U.campestris), S England. C.R. Riddell, Mount Herbert station, about 6 km east of Waipukurau. Dbh 129 cm, height 26 m, in 1970. The largest elm in groves of mixed conifers and deciduous broadleaves (mostly elms), planted by Herbert c.1875. 58

EXOTIC NOTABLE TREES ( 1 ) NATIONAL INTEREST

Abies veitchii, Veitch's Fir, Central Japan. Gwavas station, J.M. Hua.son, Tikokino. Dbh 89 cm, height 23.3 m, in 1973. A good tree, planted c.1880.

Acer seudo iatanus 'Atropurpureum', Leaves purple beneath. Oruawharo station E. Sanders, manager), Takapau. Dbh 40 cm, height 13.3 m, in 1973. Aesculus x carnea (A.hippocastanum x A.pavia), Red Horse Chestnut. Lindisfarne College, Hastings. Dbh 62 cm, height 14.3 m, spread 13.7 m, in 1969.

Aesculus hippocastanum, Common Horse Chestnut, the wild border between Greece and Albania. Georgetti Estate, Crissoge, Fernhill (N.R. Long, manager). Diam. at 1 m, 141 cm, height 19 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1969. Planted c. 1880.

Arbutus unedo, Killa~ney Strawberry Tree, Mediterranean region and SW Ireland. Gwavas station, J.M. Hudson, Tikokino. Girth at 0.2 m, 4.3 m, height 9.3 m, the largest of four branches at b.h. being 38 cm, in 1969.

Azara microphylla, Chile. T.H. White, Barnsdale, Takapau. Diam. at 0.3 m, 35 cm, height 13 m, in 1973. Two leaders. Banksia serrata, Honeysuckle, Australia. Frimley Park, Hastings. Dbh 38 cm, height 10.3 m, in 1969.

Betula pendula (syn. B.verrucosa, B.alba in part), Silver Birch, Europe and N Asia. Frimley Park, Hastings. Diam. at 1.2 m, 104 cm, height 14 m, spread 23 7 m, in 1969. Planted c.1880.

Betula ~.::;.;:;;;::;.;;:;..;:;.;;;;.;;~ Common White Birch, Europe (incl. British Isles) and N Asia. D. . Little Flaxmere, Hastings. Dbh 70 cm, height 13 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1973. Larger of two trees.

Carya illinoensis (~yn. C.pecan), Pecan Nut, SUSA. Miss C. McRae, Spring­ hill, Frasertown. Dbh 104 cm, height 27 m, spread 27.3 m, in 1973. The tallest of this species known in New Zealand. A fine widespreading tree. Carya ovata, Shellbark Hickory, E North America. Mrs C. Weir, K:aramu, Ormond Road, Hastings. Dbh 65 cm, height 22 m, with a good trunk to 6. 7 m, in 1973. Casimiro edulis, White Sapote or Mexican Apple, Mexico. Miss Fernie, Chesterhope, Pakowhai. Dbh 52 cm, height 8.7 m, spread 10.7 m, in 1973. A rare tree in New Zealand, with fruit ripening in May. Named after Cardinal Casimiro Gomez. The larger of two trees.

Casuarina cunninghamiana, River Sheoak, N and E Australia. Frimley Park, Hastings. Dbh 114 cm, height 15.7 m, in 1969. Largest of a group, planted c, 1880. Ceratonia siligua, St John's Bread, Mediterranean region. Clive Square, Napier. Diam. at 1 m, 40 cm, height 7 m, in 1969.

Cupressus sempervirens var. sempervirens, Italian Cypress. T.C. Lowry, Okawa, Fernhill. Diam. at 0.3 m, 75 cm, height 22.7 m, in 1969. A beautifully shaped tree. Eucalyptus .t;;,;:;===:;:;, (syn. Tasmania. R. Russell, Tunanui station. Dbh 1 cm, in 1974. A fine-looking tree, probably than any growing in Tasmania.

and Victoria. G.A. Little, Ohuka Road, Ohuka. 1 is the best looking tree of this ~~••n~"'M at the base and is up upper branches add to the good character of the tree.

Frimley Park Hastings. of several of

H.M.. Williams, Diam. at 1 m, 50 cm, height 11.7 m, lawn.

Mrs C. Kara.mu, Ormond 16 m, spread 20 m, in 1973.

Fitzroy Road, 1 6. 7 m, in 1973.

Silver Tree S Public Gardens, Napier. in

Kara.mu, Ormond Road, trunk to 4 m, in 1973. of this species in the

Tree, China. D. Scannell, cm, 8.3 m, spread 10 m, flowers 12-15 cm across.

Magnolia ..;;;.;;;;.;:;...;;.~~ , Japan. D. Scannell, 420 G.L., 53 cm, height 6.7 m, spread 8 attractive leaves.

R.H. Clark estate, cm, from two low leaders is a

Flax-leaved , NSW and Queensland. Bernard Diam. at 0.3 m, 87 cm, height 10.3 m, spread tree, with flowers in Decembero

NSW and Queensland. R.H. Clark Diam. at 0.3 m, 50 cm, height 15 m, in 1973.

Morus ~' Cl1ina. Cornwall Park, Hastings. Diam. at O. 7 m, leaders. being cm at b.h., height 13.3 m, in 1973. Planted c.1912.

Tree, E North .America. I,indisfarne College, Hastings. 9 m, 6 7 m, in 1969. The largest known in colourful in

similar in character Dbh 62 cm, height 60

Picea sitchensis, Sitka Spruce, W North America. Mrs C. Weir, Karamu, Ormond Road, Hastings. Dbh 159 cm, height 32 m, in 1973. The large well-shaped trunk has a square burl approximately 125 cm in diam. about 2 m above G.L. Planted c.1880.

Pinus canariensis, Canary Island Pine. Mrs C. Weir, Karamu, Ormond Road, Hastings. Dbh 135 cm, height 32.3 m, in 1973. A fine tree planted c.1880.

Pinus pinaster, Maritime , Mediterranean region. T.C. Lowry, Okawa, Fernhill. Dbh 147 cm 30 m, with a good straight trunk to 5.3 m, in 19 69 • A open-gro-vm tree

Platanus x his anica (syn. x r_. x acerifolia), (P.orientalis x P.occidentalis , London Plane. G.P. Donnelly, Flaxmere, Hastings. Dbh 186 cm, height 32.7 m, spread 27.3 m, in 1974. The tallest, and one of the largest trees of this species in New Zealand.

1 1 Populus alba 1 Pyramidalis 1 (syn. P.alba Belleana ), Upright Poplar. L.B. Shand, Waipukurau. Dbh 89 cm, height 19.7 m, spread 22.7 m, in 1969. Planted c.1918.

~ercus coccinea, Scarlet Oal{ SE Canada and E USA. Old homestead grounds, Te Aute College. Dbh 141 cm, height 19.7 m, spread 27.4 m, in 1969. Probably planted by Samuel Williams c.1860

~ercus ilex, Holm Oak, Mediterranean region,and SW Europe. Georgetti estate, (N.R. Long, manager), Crissoge, Fernhill. Diam. at 0.7 m, 228 cm, height 20.7 m, spread 29.3 m, in 1969. A large tree that has received some excellent surgery.

guercus palustris, Pin Oak, E North America. Church of England grounds, Havelock Dbh 111 cm, height 15o3 m, spread 30.3 m, in 1973. A tree and the largest of this species recorded.

Quercu~ ],hellos, Willow Oak, E USA. J.D. Hylton-Smith, Estella, St George's Road, Hastings. Dbh 132 cm, height 24 m, spread 33.3 m, in 1969. Planted by Thomas Tanner c.1886. One of the finest oaks in New Zealand.

Quercus robur (syn." Q.peduJiculata), Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. Mrs C. Weir, Karamu, Ormond Road, Hastings. Dbh 178 cm, height 27.7 m, spread 37.3 m, vrith a clean trunk to 5.3 m, in 1973. This tree probably has the greatest volume of any oak tree in New Zealand.

Salix matsudana 'Tortuosa', Tortuosa Willow. Cornwall Park, Hastings. Dbh 70 cm, height 14 m, spread 15.3 m, with a good trunk to 4 m, in 1973. A very attractive tree, well sited by a pond.

Sassafras albidum (syn. S.officinale), Sassafrass Tree, E USA. Miss Fernie, Chesterhope, Pakowhai. Diam. at 1 m, 57 cm, height 8.7 m, spread 10 m, in 1973. Very colourful in the autumn.

Taxus baccata, English Yew, Europe, W Asia and Himalaya. Wilson Bros., Fair­ field, Ongaonga. Dbh 97 cm, height 14.7 m, with a good clean trunk to 2 m, in 1970. The largest of a group of its species known in New Zealand.

1 Taxus baccata 1 Fastigiata , Irish Yew. T.C. Lowry, Okawa, Fernhill. Diam. at G.L. 107 cm, height 13 m, girth of foliage at b.h. 11.7 m, in 1969. A healthy tree, well sited near the homestead.

Zelkova serrata (syn. Z.acuminata), Japan, Korea and China. G.P. Donnelly, Flaxmere, Hastings. Diam. at 0.7 m, 181 cm, height 20.7 m, spread 27.3 m, in 1969. An outstanding tree. 61

EXOTIC NOTABLE TREES (2) LOCAL INTEREST

Araucaria cunni~hamii, Hoop Pine, Queensland, and NSW. Mount Vernon station, P. Hardin~, Waipukurau. Dbh 69 cm, height 17 m, in 1969. Larger of two trees. lA tall tree at Karamu, Hastings was 50 cm x 25.3 m, in 1970; and another in the west corner of Clive Square, Napier was 50 cm x 23.7 m, in 1973.)

Araucaria heterophylla (syn. A.excelsa), Norfolk Island Pine. Misses H. & T. White-Parsons, 22 Seaport Road, Napier. Dbh 101 cm, height 32.7 m, in 1973. Probably the oldest tree of this species in the Napier district. (An average tree in a long row at the west end of Marine Parade, Wairoa was 74 cm x 24.7 m, in 1973. It has been suggested locally that felling every other tree would improve this amenity planting - a good idea as the row could become a landmark for the future.) The species is not uncommon in the region.

Arbutus menziesii, Madrona, WNorth America. Behind the Aviary, Cornwall Park, Hastings. Dbh 40 cm, height 8.7 m, spread 12.3 m, with a good trunk to 2.3 m, in 1973. Massed with flowers in mid-September. The lower trunk is inside a fertilizer shed.

Betula papyrifera, Paper or Canoe Birch, W America. T.H.N. White, Barnsdale, Takapau. Dbh 37 cm, height 17.7 m, in 1973. The largest of several trees.

Brachychiton acerifolium (syn. Sterculia acerfolia), Flame Tree, Australia. Miss Fernie, Chesterhope, Pakowhai. Dbh 52 cm, height 15 m, in 1973. (At F.C. Clark estate, Herepoho, Eskdale, is a good tree 44 cm x 13.7 m, in 1973.) Several smaller ones were noted in the region.

Brachychiton d.iscolor (syn. Sterculia discolor), Scrub Bottle Tree, Australia. Seaport Road, Napier. Dbh 74 cm, height 8.7 m, in 1969.

Bracnychiton populneum (syn. Sterculia diversifolia), Kurrajong, Australia. Public Car Park, Napier. Dbh 87 cm, height 8 m, spread 12.7 m, in 1973. A fine specimen, well sited. (A tall tree at P.H. Clark's Hedgeley, Eskdale, was 70 cm x 15 m, in 1973; and an attractive tree at G.H. Nelson's, Makaretu, Takapau was 30 cm x 7 m, in the same year.)

Calocedrus decurrens (syn. Libocedrus decurrens), Incense Cedar, WNorth America. Nelson Bros., Fairfield, Ongaonga. Dbh 139 cm, height 33.5 m, in 1970. A well-formed healthy tree.

Carya illinoensis (syn. £.:.£~), Pecan Nut, SUSA. D. Scannell, 420 King Street, Hastings. Dbh 81 cm, height 20 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1969.

Castanea sativa, Sweet or Spanish Chestnut, Europe, W Asia and N Africa. An old home in Collinge Street, Hastings. Diam. at 1 m, 131 cm, height 13 m, spread 16.7 m, in 1969. (A fine looking tree at V.D. Hill's Fernhill House, Fernhill, was 99 cm x 14 m x 13.7 m in 1969, planted 1895.)

Castanospermum australe, Moreton Bay Chestnut, Queensland. R.H. Clark estate, The Rise, Waiohika. Dbh 25 cm, height 8 m, in 1969. A rare tree in New Zealand. ·

Casuarina cunninghamiana, River Sheoak, N and E Australia. Mount Vernon station, P. Harding, Waipukurau. Dbh 97 cm, height 19 m, in 1970. Larger of two trees. (Another good tree at G.H. Nelson's, Makaretu, Takapau, was 86 cm x 19 m x 21.3 m in 1973.) 62

Catalpa bignonioides, Indian Bean Tree, E USA. Arapata, Middle Road, Havelock North. Dbh 67 cm, height 16.3 m, spread 18.3 m, in 1969. {At Mount Vernon station, near Waipukurau, a tree is growing in a paddock below the homestead, with dimensions of 84 cm x 10.3 m x 21.3 m, in 1970.) Cedrus atlantica, Atlas Cedar, Atlas Mountains in Algeria and Morocco. Cornwall Park, Hastings. Dbh 169 cm, height 21.7 m, in 1969. A good tree. (At Gwavas station the larger of two trees was 114 cm at 1.2 m x 27.3 m, in 1969; at Miss C. McRae's Springhill, Frasertown, is a tree 87 cm x 24.7 m x 15.3 m, in 1973; and at Tunanui station is one 85 cm x 25.7 m, in 1970.) Cedrus atlantica glauca, Blue Atlas Cedar, Atlas Mountains in Algeria and Morocco. John Canning, Oakbourne, Porangahau. Dbh 79 cm, height 31 m, with a good trunk to 7.7 m, in 1973. In a fine group of conifers. (A large tree at Arapata, Havelock North, was 111 cm x 22.3 m in 1969, planted 1905; in Clive Square, Napier, is a smaller tree 67 cm x 16.3 mx 18.3 m, in 1969.) A species well represented in the region.

Cedrus deodara, ·Himalayan Cedar, W Himalaya. D. G. Walker, Little Flaxmere, Hastings. Dbh 131 cm, height 32 m, in 1973. A splendid tree. (Another fine one at Gwavas station, close to the old homestead, was 111 cm x 30.7 m in 1973; the larger of an excellent pair at the gate­ way of Hedgeley, Eskdale, was 129 cm x 28 m in 1973; one on the roadside at J. Brownlie·1s Karamu, south of Wairoa, was 133 cm x 29 m in 1969; a large one at Oruawharo station was 117 cm x 34.7 m in 1969; a tree in the Public Gardens, Napier, was 112 cm x 27.3 m in 1969.) Good trees of this species are common in this region, particularly many younger ones around Waipukurau.

ChamaecyParis lawsoniana, Lawson Cypress, SW Oregon and NW California. G.A. Little, Ohuka Road, Ohuka. Dbh 114 cm, height 23.7 m, in 1973. A very good tree close to the homestead.

Cinnamomum camphora, Camphor Tree, China, Japan and tropical Asis. Frimley Park, Hastings. Diam. at 1.2 m, 200 cm, height 20.7 m, spread 18.3 m, in 1969, the larger of two big trees. (Others recorded in 1973 were P.H. Clark, Hedgeley, Eskdale, 126 cm x 19.3 m x 22.7 m, with a good trunk to 2.3 m; one on the corner of Pepper and Henry Streets, Hastings, 111 cm x 16 m; and a smaller but tall tree at Pourerere station, 77 cm x 19.3 m.) Crataegus x laevallei (C.crus-galli x C.stipulacea) (syn. Q. x carrierei). Frimley Park, Hastings. Dbh 52 cm, height 8 m, spread 9 m, in 1964. Suppressed on one side by a row of limes.

Cryptomeria japonica, Japanese Cedar, Japan and C China. Frimley Park, Hastings. Dbh 101 cm, height 21.3 m, in 1969. (At Duke Domain, Dannevirke, is a fine tree 84 cm x 26.7 m; a tall one at Dr Masterton's, Havelock North, was 74 cm x 29.3 m - both in 1969; a very attractive smaller one at T.H.N. White's Barnsdale, was 45 cm x 18.3 m in 1973.) An uncommon species in this region.

Cupressus cashmeriana, Kashmir Cypress, origin unknown. A. and S.H. Cunningham, Edelweiss, Bay View. Dbh 10 cm; height 4.3 m, in 1974. (Two rare trees for this region in this recently established tree garden, were almost tree-sized specimens of Pinus sylvestris and one of the Widdringtonia species.) 63

Cupressus funebris, Chinese Weeping Cypress. H.S. Logan, Haraekakaho. Dbh 35 cm, height 18.3 m, in 1973.

Cupressus lusitanica, Mexican Cypress, Mexico and Guatemala. Miss P.J. Thornton, Main Road, Clive. Dbh 104 cm, height 20.7 m, in 1973. There are several good trees of this species around Napier. (At Mount Herbert station near Waipukurau is a tall tree 65 cm x 29 m in 1970.)

Cupressus macrocarp~, Monterey Cypress, Monterey Peninsula. Wilson Bros. Fairfield, Ongaonga. Dbh 250 cm, height 24.3 m, spread 24.3 m, in 1970. A massive but attractive tree. (An old large malformed tree at Pourerere station was 4.3 m in girth at 0.7 m x 19.7 m x 24.3 m, in 1973.) A species not as common as in most other regions.

Cupressus sempervirens, Italian or Mediterranean Cypress. Georgetti estate, Crissoge, Fernhill. Diam. at 0.7 m, 70 cm, height 18.3 m, in 1969. Larger of two old trees well-sited near the homestead. (Many trees of this species are at Pourere station, mostly in mixture with Pinus radiata; a fair sample was 45 cm x 22 m in 1973.) Fairly common in the region.

Cupressus sempervirens var. sempervirens, Upright Italian Cypress. Pourerere station. Dbh 57 cm, height 23.7 m, in 1973. Largest of several trees.

Cupressus torulosa, Bhutan Cypress, N Himalaya and W China. In the Oak Avenue, Ormond Road, Hastings. Dbh 109 cm, height 28 m, in 1973. (A tree in a good group of exotic conifers at John Canning's Oakbourne, was 79 cm x 32 m in 1973; at Mount Herbert station is a tree 79 cm x 22.3 m in 1969; and at Tunanui station one is 65 cm x 30.7 m in 1973.)

Er.vthrina crista-galli, Brazilian Coral Tree. Miss Fernie, Chesterhope, Pakowhai, Hastings. Dbh 35 cm, height 7.3 m, spread 10.7 m, in 1969.

Eucalyptus ficifolia, SW Western Australia. Public Gardens, Napier. Dbh 80 cm, height 12.3 m, spread 16.7 m, in 1969. A fine wide-spreading tree. (A smaller tree at J.E. Nelson's Roundcil, Havelock North, was 65 cm x 10.7 m in 1970.) The species thrives in this region.

EucalyPtus globulus, Tasmania and Victoria. Wilson Bros., Fairfield, Ongaonga. Dbh 256 cm, height 42.7 m, in 1970. An excellent tree with a good trunk and massive surface rooting. The best of this species seen in the region. (A very large, malformed tree at the junction of Clifton and Haumoana Roads was 302 cm x 33. 7 m in 1969; a large tree at W.B. Coltart, Sherenden, Hastings, was 206 cm x 30 m in 1969.) This species is fairly common throughout the region.

Eucalyptus leucoxylon, SE South Australia and Victoria. Arapata, Middle Road, Havelock North. Dbh 104 cm, height 11 m, spread 9 m, in 1969. (Several good trees of this species are at Lindisfarne College, Hastings, and there are many others in this region.) In full flower in May, they provide a contrast to the colouring of the deciduous trees.

Eucalyptus obligua, SE Australia. John R. Russell, Tunanui station, Hastings. Dbh 144 cm, height 38 m, with a good trunk to 6 m, in 1974. Near the tall redwood.

Eucalyptus regnans, Tasmania and Victoria. Rissington station, A.R.H. Absolom, Rissington. Dbh 302 cm, height 53 m, in 1969. The largest of many of this and other eucalyptus species in the area. 64

Eucalyptus sideroxylon, Queensland, NSW and Victoria. T.C. Lowry, Okawa, Fernhill. Dbh 60 cm, height 16 m, in 1969. This is the well-known Red Ironbark. Fagu.s sylvatica, Common Beech, Europe. Waikoko showgrounds, Hastings. Dbh 135 cm, height 17.7 m, spread 22 m, in 1969. A very large tree in a good setting.

Fagus sylvatica purpurea, Copper Beech. 1aikoko showgrounds, Hastings. Dbh 117 cm, height 16 m, spread 20 m, in 1969. Beside the pond. (A taller tree at Crissoge, Fernhill, was 84 cm x 20.7 m x 20 m, also in 1969.) Well distributed in this region. Ficus gracilipes, Small-leaved Moreton Bay Fig, NE Australia. Marine Parade, near the Post Office, Wairoa. A tree with an unmeasurable base, on the river bank, height 10 m, spread 20 m, in 1969.

Ficus macrophylla, Moreton Bay Fig, NE Australia. E.M. Marshall, Petane Grange, Petane. Girth at b.h. 7.7 m, height 27.3 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1973. The tree has five large ascending branches growing in competition with cedars and planes. The tallest of this species recorded in New Zealand. (A well shaped tree, more typical of the species, in Clive Square, Napier, was 191 cm x 19 m x 30.3 m in 1969, the larger of two trees, with branches spreading over most of the street; at the Borough Camping Ground, Wairoa, is a pollarded tree with diam. at 0.7 m of 60 cm, x 13 m x 12 m, in 1973; at Pourerere station is an old tree with girth at 0.7 m of 4.3 m, x 16.7 m x 24.3 m, in 1973.) Fraxinus excelsior, Common Ash, Europe (incl. U.K.) and Caucasus. T.A. Morrin, Taumahapu, Tikokino. Dbh 94 cm, height 20.7 m, spread 21. 3 m, with a good trunk to 6 m~ in 1973. A fine tree competing with other exotics. Ash species are not common in this region. Fraxinus oxycarpa 'Raywood', Claret Ash. Mrs C. Weir, Karamu, Hastings. Diam. at 0.7 m, 91 cm, height 19.3 m, spread 16.7 m, in 1969. (Others recorded in 1969 were at L.B. Shand's, ',faipukurau, 78 cm x 16.7 m x 15.2 m, and at the Otane Domain, 68 cm x 16.3 m x 16.7 m.) Very colourful trees in the early autumn.

Ginkgo biloba, Maidenhair Tree, China. D. Scannell, 420 King Street, Hastings. Dbh 97 cm, height 11.7 m, spread 18.3 m, in 1969. A pollarded tree, but one of the largest in New Zealand. It is a female tree, loaded with fruit most years in early May. (The larger of two good trees at Crissoge, Fernhill, was 75 cm x 14.7 m x 17.3 m in 1969.) Q;uite common in this region.

Grevillea robusta, Silky Oak, Australia. H.R. Clark estate, The Rise, Waiohika. Diam. at 0.3 m, 109 cm, height 25.3 m, in 1973. One of the tallest in the country. (At a private hospital, King Street, Hastings, is a tree 84 cm x 11 m, looking well after being pollarded following storm damage in 1968; a fine tree at Tamuhapu, Tikokino, was 81 cm x 23.7 m in 1973; one in Clive Square, Napier, was 75 cm x 22 m in 1969; one at Hedgeley, Eskdale, was 68 cm x 19 m, also in 1973.) The species flowers profusely in this region.

Ilex aguifolium, Common Holly,' Europe (inc. U.K.), and N Africa to China. Pourerere station, Pourerere. Dbh 35 cm, height 9 m, with a good stem to 2.7 m, in 1973. 65

Jacaranda mimosifolia (syn. J.ovalifolia), Jacaranda, Central and S America. F.C. Clark estate, Herepoho, Eskdale. Diam. at 0.7 m, 67 cm, height 11.7 m, spread 15.3 m, in 1973. (Others recorded in 1969 were at Ormlie Lodge, Waiohika, 62 cm x 6.8 m x 12 m; between the Marine Parade and new telephone exchange, Wairoa, 51 cm x 7.7 m x 12.3 m; in the Public Gardens, Napier, 42 cm x m 5 x 12.3 m.) There are many others throughout the region.

Juglans nigra, Black Walnut, E and Central USA. Cornwall Park, Hastings. Dbh 80 cm, height 17.7 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1973. A fine tree.

Juglans regia, Common Walnut, SE Europe, Himalaya and China. C.P. Shield 1000 Maraekakaho Road, Hastings. Diam. at 0.3 m, 174 cm, height 16 m~ spread 21.3 m, in 1973. Believed to be nearly 100 years old.

Koelreuteria ~aniculata, China Tree, China. Cornwall Park, Hastings. Dbh 50 cm, height 7.3 m, spread 12.3 m, in 1973. The tree needs some surgery.

Lagunaria patersonii, Norfolk Island Hibiscus. Near office, Borough ground, Wairoa. Diam. at 0.7 m, 60 cm, height 16.3 m, in 1973. Flowers splendidly. (The largest of several leaders of a malformed in Clive Square, Napier, was 55 cm x 13 m, in 1969.)

Larix decidua, European Larch, European Alps and Carpathians. Gwavas station, J.H. Hudson, Tikokino. Dbh 78 cm, height 29.7 m, in 1969.

Laurus nobilis, Bay Laurel, Mediterranean region. Gwavas station, J.M. Hudson, Tikokino. Girth at 0.3 m, 5 m, height 14 m, spread 15.3 m, in 1973. ' The largest of the species seen in this region.

Liguidambar styraciflua, Sweet Gum, E USA. Frimley Park, Hastings. Dbh 89 cm, height 19 m, in 1969. (Good trees recorded in 1973 were at G.D. Walker's Little Flaxmere,82 cm x 22.3 m; and Miss C. McRae's Springhill, Frasertown, 82 cm x 22 m x 21.3 m.)

Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Tree, E USA. J.W.W. Fransson, 507 Fitzroy Avenue, Hastings. Dbh 139 cm, height 20.7 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1973. A good tree. (Two others recorded in 1973 were good trees at F.C. Clark estate, Herepohe, Eskdale, 117 cm x 25.7 m x 21.3 m; and at R.H. Clark estate, The Rise, Waiohika, 121 cm x 25 m.)

Yiacadamia tetraphylla, Queensland Nut. R.H. Clark estate, The Rise, Waiohika. Dbh 32 cm, height 6.7 m, spread 7.7 m, in 1973. Carrying many nuts. It is surprising that more of this species are not grown in this region.

Maclura pomifera, Osage Orange Tree, S and Central USA. J.M. Campbell, Horonui, Hastings. Dbh 30 cm, height 6.7 m, spread 7 m, in 1969. One of seven trees. Dozens of the crinkly-skinned 'oranges' were on the ground in early May.

Magnolia grandiflora, Bull Bay, SE USA. Dr D.A.Ballantyne, Stoneycroft, Hastings. Dbh 111 cm, height 12.3 m, spread 13.7 m, in 1973. A fine old tree. (Others recorded in 1969 were at Waikoko showgrounds, 99 cm at 0.7 m x 15 m; and at Chesterhope, Pakowhai, 62 cm x 14 m, with a good trunk to 4.3 m, a handsome specimen. Another measured in 1973 at Hedgeley, Eskdale, was 97 cm at 0.7 m, x 14.7 m x 18.3 m, a very large tree.) 66

Melia azedarach, Persian Lilac or Bead Tree, N India, Central and W China. R.H. Clark estate, The Rise, ~aiohika. Jiam. at 0.7 m, 75 cm, height 13.3 m, spread 15.3 m, in 1973 - a well-sited tree near the front of the homestead.

Metaseguoia glyptostroboides, Dawn Redwood, E Szechwan and W Hupeh. Cornwall Park, Hastings. Dbh 57 cm, height 15.7 m, in 1973. The best seen in this region. The tree has grown 12 cm in diam. and 2.7 m in h~ight in four years.

Morus nigra, Black Mulberry, W Asia. A.McK. Trilford, 81 Te Mata Road, Havelock North. Dbh 70 cm, height 6.7 m, spread 12.3 m, in 1973. Produces large crops of fruit. (Others recorded were at the Girl Guides' camp, Rissington, 57 cm x 8 m x 18 m in 1969; and G.A. Little's, Ohuka, girth at 0.7 m, 3.3 m x 9 m x 16.7 m, in 1973.)

Olea europaea, Olive, Mediterranean region. W.B. Coltart, Sherenden, Hastings. Diam. at 0.3 m, 49 cm, height 5 m, spread 7.7 m, in 1969. Paulownia tomentosa (syn. P.imperialis), Foxglove Tree, China. Dr J.G. Masterton, Hastings Road, Havelock North. Dbh 70 cm, height 12.3 m, spread 10.7 m, in 1973.

Persia gratissima (syn. P.americana), Avocado Pear. Miss Fernie, Chesterhope, Pakowhai. Dbh 62 cm, height 18.3 m, spread 16.7 m, in 1973. A fine tree, lightly stocked with fruit.

Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix Palm, Canary Islands. F.C. Clark estate, Herepoho, Eskdale. Dbh 92 cm, height 13.7 m, with a trunk to 8 m, in 1973. (A fair sample of a row of this species in Nelson Park, Napier, was 80 cm x 11 m, with a trunk to 7.7 m, in 1973. There is an excellent avenue of the species along the western entrance to Napier.)

Photinia serrulata, Chinese Hawthorn. Frimley Park, Hastings. Diam. at 0.7 m, 74 cm, height 13.7 m, in 1969.

Phytolacca dioica, Ombu, Bottle Tree, S America. J.S. Scott, The Grange, Haumoana. Girth at 0.3 m, 11.7 m, height 14.7 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1969. Near the front entrance gate. Some good regeneration from the tree are beside the driveway to the house. A fairly rare tree in New Zealand.

Picea abies (syn. P.excelsa), Norway Spruce, N and Central Europe. T.A. Morrin, Taumahapu, Tikokino. Dbh 57 cm, height 27.3 m, in 1973. Picea sitchensis, Sitka Spruce, W North America. Mrs C. Weir, Karamu, Hastings. Dbh 121 cm, height 42 m, in 1973. (The lar~er of two trees at Taumahapu, Tikokino, was 62 cm x 26 m, in 1973.)

Picea smithiana, Himalayan Spruce, W Himalaya. Mrs C. Weir, Karamu, Hastings. Dbh 84 cm, height 22.7 m, in 1973. (At Oruawharo station is a smaller tree 67 cm x 16.3 m, in 1969.) This species has attractive drooping branches. 67

Pinus canariensis, Canary Island Pine. Mrs C. Weir, Kara.mu, Hastings. Dbh 134 cm, height 32.3 m, in 1973. An excellent tree, planted c.1880. (Others recorded in 1973 are: an old tree at John Canning's Oakbourne, Porangahau, 107 cm x 36.3 m, with a good trunk to 9 m: the largest of a group in France Street, Bluff Hill, Napier, was 78 cm x 17.3 m; a small, but taller, tree, the largest of several at Lindisfarne College, was 70 cm x 27.3 m, planted c.1880; and a farm plantation of the species at Tunanui station has trees of up to 25 m in height, with nearby partly open-grown one being 86 cm x 24.3 m, in 1974.) Conditions are suitable for this species in the lower areas of this region.

Pinus coulteri, Big Cone Pine, S California, Frimley Park, Hastings. Dbh 104 cm, height 14.7 m, spread 13.7 m, in 1969. Usually well stocked with large cones. (A taller tree at Tunanui station was 85 cm x 27 m, with a clear trunk to 12.3 m, in 1974.)

Pinus densiflora, Japanese Red Pine. R.H. Clark estate, The Rise, Waiohika. Dbh 37 cm, height 19.3 m, in 1973. A rare species in New Zealand.

Pinus montezumae, MontezumaePine, Mountains of Mexico. R.H. Clark estate, The Rise, Waiohika. Dbh 94 cm, height 25.7 m, spread 22.7 m, in 1973. The larger of two big trees. (Along the roadside in the nearby golf course are two splendid specimens of this pine species.)

Pinus nigra var. laricio, Corsican Pine, S Italy and Corsica. Oruawharo station, Takapau. Dbh 104 cm, height 26.7 m, in 1969. The larger of two trees. (A taller tree at Mount Vernon station was 92 cm. x 32 m in 1970; and in 1974 one was recorded at Tunanui station, 72 cm x 27.3 m.)

Pinus patula, Patula Pine, Mexico. Gwavas station, J.M. Hudson, Tikokino. Dbh 84 cm, height 21 .3 m, spread 13.7 m, in 1973. By the tennis court. (A good tree at The Rise, Waiohika, was 74 cm x 19 m x 21.3 m, in 1973; and an attractively-sited one at Lindisfarne College, Hastings, was 62 cm x 16.3 m x 15.3 m, in 1969.)

Pinus pinaster, Maritime Pine, W Mediterranean region. Gwavas station, J.M. Hudson, Tikokino. Dbh 80 cm, height 22 m, in 1969. (At Springhill, Frasertovm, is a tree 75 cm x 24.3 m, with a good trunk to 6.7 m, in 1973, with a large 'witch's broom' in the branches; and at Pourerere station is a large tree in a group of this species, 84 cm x 28.3 m, in 1973.)

Pinus pinea, Stone Pine, Mediterranean region. Pourerere station (J. Harty, manager). Dbh 84 cm, height 17.7 m, spread 15.3 m (one-sided) in 1973. (On a roadside corner between Pourerere and Pmakere, is a group of eight trees, the largest being 70 cm x 15.3 m; at Tawnahapu, Tikokino, is a tree 62 cm x 21.3 m, with a good trunk to 3.7 m. These trees were all measured in 1973 and appear to be well over 100 years old.)

Pinus ponderosa, Ponderosa Pine, W North America. Gwavas station, Tikokino. Dbh 94 cm, height 37.7 m, in 1969, The largest and best of the few seen in the region. (Others recorded in 1973 are at Springhill, Frasertown, 87 cm x 31.3 m; Oakbourne, Porangahau, in a group of exotics, 84 cm x 33 m; and at Mount Herbert station, 74 cm x 22.7 m.) Mount Herbert station, 6 m, in 1970. (Others recorded in 36.3 m, the largest s Road, · Oakbourne, cm x 42 m, with a Pourerere station, vti.th Mediterranean m, and one in the cm x 29 m.) Most , and it is pleasing

, Mount Vernon 20.7 m, in Maraekakaho, was

~~~::::.==='' (P.occidentalis x Hastings. (In front of the old tree, 99 cm x - the trunk and branch tree in the grounds

R.H. Clark, A fairly rare

, golf 7 m, in 1969. but has not this species in , Hastings, 88 cm and Pourere

Chesterhope, large tree at A species widely

Populus 1 Karamu, Ormond Road?

E and Asia Mino:i:-. Girth at G.L., 3 m, height

W North America. height 39 m, in , 'r'ikokino, there is a fair station, T1laipukurau, the both measured in 1970.) 69

Pyrus sp., Pear. Tutira station, Guthrie-Smith Trust (F.J. Bartlett, manager), Tutira, behind the woolshed. Dbh 89 cm, height 14.1 m, spread 15.3 m, in 1973. A very old but quite healthy tree.

Quercus acutissima, Bristletooth Oak, Japan, Korea and China. Gwavas station, J.M. Hudson, Tikokino. Dbh 68 cm, height 16.3 m, spread 18.3 m, in 1969.

Quercus canariensis (syn. q. merbeckii), Algerian Oak, N Africa, S Portugal and Spain. Lindisfarne College, Hastings. Dbh 97 cm, height f7.7 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1969. (A smaller tree at Tunanui station was 74 cm x 19.7 m x 21.3 m, in 1973.)

Q.uercus cerris, Turkey Oak, S Europe, and Asia Minor. Mrs c. Weir, Karamu, Hastings. Dbh 62 cm, height 16.7 m, spread 12.3 m, in 1974. In a row of trees near the claret ash.

Quercus coccinea, Scarlet Oak, S Canada and E USA. Oruawharo station, Takapau. Dbh 97 cm, height 17 m, spread 26 m, in 1969. (Another, recorded in 1969 at Lindisfarne College, Hastings, was 91 cm x 19 m x 21. 3 m.)

Quercus ~' Holm Oak, Mediterranean region, SW Europe. P.G. Donnelly, Flaxmere, Hastings. Diam. at 0.7 m, 149 cm, height 19.3 m, spread 23 m, in 1969. (Two others recorded in 1969 were at Gwavas station, Tikokino, 150 cm at 0.7 m x 22 m x 21.3 m; and at Nelson Park, Napier, 132 cm at 1 m, x 13 m x 13.7 m. Most of the large evergreen Holm oaks in this region have a large leader from 0.7 to 1.3 m above G.L.)

Quercus palustris, Pin Oak, E USA. Queens Square, Hastings. Dbh 104 cm, height 21.3 m, spread 24.3 m, with a good trunk to 4.7 m in 1969. Beside the historic oak in this square. (A smaller tree recorded in the Otane Domain in 1969 was 77 cm x 19.3 m x 21.3 m, planted c.1918. There are many trees of this species in the region.)

Quercus robur (syn. Q.pedunculata), Common English Oak, Europe and Asia. Frim.ley Park, Hastings. Dbh 171 cm, height 18.3 m, spread 34 m, in 1969. Well sited near the centre of the park. (Others recorded in this region: Springhill, Frasertown, 169 cm x 23 m x 27.3 m, in 1973; at A. H. Maxwell' s, Frasertovm, 149 cm x 22 m x 30. 3 m in 1973, well sited on the corner of the Tiniroto and Waikaremoana Roads; one in the oak avenue, Ormond Road, Hastings, 139 cm x approx. 24 m in 1973; a large tree 161 cm at 1 m, x 21.3 m x 30.3 m, in 1970, marking the roadway end of a 270 m oak avenue that was once the driveway to Mount Herbert station homestead; a well-sited one at the Borough camping ground, Wairoa, 111 cm x 16.7 m x 27. 3 m in 1973; and the best of a row of seven trees at Pourerere station was 99 cm x 16.7 m x 21.3 m in 1973.) This species is so widely distributed in the region and growth has been so good that many trees are over 150 cm in diam.

Quercus rubra (syn. Q.borealis), Red Oak, E USA. D.G. Walker, Little Flaxmere, Hastings. Dbh 119 cm, height 20 m, spread 24.3 m in 1973. A splendid tree. (A tree near the rose garden, Frimley Park, was 116 cm at 1 m, x 13.3 m x 29 m, in 1969.

Quercus suber, Cork Oak, S Europe and N Africa. Gwavas station, J.M. Hudson, Tikokino. Dbh 60 cm, height 6.7 m, in 1969.

Robinia pseudoacacia, Black Locust, E USA. Oruawharo station, Takapau. Dbh 116 cm, height 17.7 m, spread 18.3 m, in 1969. A very good tree, on the left, before approaching the homestead. 70

Salix babylonica, Weeping Willow, China. V.D. Hill, Fernhill House, Fernhill. Dbh 131 cm, height 18.7 m, spread 21.3 m, in 1969. An attractive tree well sited, planted 1895.

Sassafras albidum (syn. S.officinale), E USA. T.H.N. White, Barnsdale, Takapau. Dbh 17 cm, height 6.7 m, spread 7.6 m, in 1973.

Schinus molle, South American Pepper Tree. E.H. Marshall, Petane Grange, Eskdale. Dbh 188 cm, height 14.3 m, spread 15.3 m, in 1973. One of the largest in New Zealand. (A good tree of this s~ecies at Ormlie Lodge, Waiohika, was 126 cm x 11 m x 21.3 m in 1969.)

Sequoia sempervirens, Redwood, California. Almost opposite the Te Aute Hotel. Diam. at 0.7 m, 210 cm, height 30.7 m, in 1969, planted c.1865. (Others recorded in 1973 were at T.A. Morrin 1 s, Tikokino, 145 cm x 34.7 m; D.G. Walker's Little Flaxmere, Hastings, 143 cm x 37.7 m; Nelson Bro§., Fairfield, Ongaonga, 134 cm x 39.7 m; and Dr H. G. McPherson!s 401 Hart Drive, Hastings, 134 cm -x 30 m this tree is a landmark for this part of the city. A very good tree at Tunanui station was 159 cm x 41 m in 1974.)

Seguoiadendron giganteum, Californian Big Tree. Mrs C. Weir, Karamu, Ormond Road, Hastings. Dbh 171 cm, height 44.6 m, in 1973. The tree has been a landmark for pilots since the earliest days of flying in Hawkes Bay. (Other prominent trees recorded are at Oruawharo station, Takapau, 186 cm x 30 m in 1969; Gwavas station, Tikokino, 184 cm x 30 m 24.3 m in 1973; Springhill, Frasertown, 165 cm x 35 m in 1973; in front of the YMCA, Hastings, 147 cm x 33 m in 1969; and in the War Memorial Park, Wairoa, 143 cm x 30 m in 1969.)

Sophora japonica, Japanese Pagoda Tree, China. Cornwall Park, Hastings. Dbh 75 cm, height 14.7 m, spread 16.7 m, in 1973. (There are several trees in the lower part of this region.) A species that has been widely distributed in Japan.

Stenocarpus sinuatus, Wheel of Fire Tree, Australia. Miss Fernie, Chesterhope, Pakowhai. Dbh 35 cm, height 7.3 m, spread 8 m, in 1969. Larger of two trees.

Syzygium paniculatum (syn. Eugenia australis, E.myrtifolia), Bush Cherry, NE Australia. H.K. Clark, Hedgeley, Eskdale. Diam. at 1 m, 114 cm, height 17.7 m, spread 16.7 m, in 1973. An excellent tree. (A malformed tree at The Rise, Waiohika, 68 cm at 0.3 m, x 10 m, in 1973.) A rare species south of Gisborne.

Taxodium distichum, Bald or Swamp Cypress, SE USA. Roberts Street, Cornwall Park, Hastings. Dbh 97 cm, height 25.3 m, in 1973. The larger of two good trees. (A similar-sized tree in Queens Park, Hastings, was 90 cm x 24.7 m in 1969; and another at Ritchie Bros., Drumpeel Road, Otane, was 70 cm x 20 m, in 1973.)

Taxus baccata, English Yew, Europe and Asia. Duke Domain, Dannevirke. A large unmeasurable base, height 6 m, spread 8.7 m, in 1969. (A well-shaped tree at J.M. Campbell's, Horonui, was 27 cm mx 9x 9.7 m in 1969, planted c.1908.) A species not common in the region.

Thuja plicata, Western Red Cedar, W North America. Gwavas Station, J.M. Hudson, Tikokino. Dbh 97 cm, height 28.3 m, in 1969. 71

Tilia x europaea (syn. T.vul aris (T.cordata x T. la llos , Common Lime. Pourerere station J. Harty, manager. Diam. at 1 m, 111 cm, height 22 m, spread 16.7 m, in 1973. A very old tree with three leaders. (A handsome tree at Cornwall Park, Hastings, was 86 cm x 19.7 m x 15.3 m in 1969; at the old 'homestead, Te Aute College, another good tree was 77 cm x 20 m x 15.7 m in 1969.)

Tristania conferta, Brush Box, NSW and Queensland. Seaport Road, Napier. Dbh 77 cm, height 16 m, in 1973. A fine healthy tree. (Another good tree at J.F. Nelson's Roundcil, Havelock North, was 65 cm x 13 m x 12~7 m, with a good trunk to 3 m, in 1973.)

Tsuga heterop4ylla, Western Hemlock, W North America. Mrs C. Weir, Ka.ramu, Hastings. Dbh 52 cm, height 19 m, in 1973. (At T.H.N. White, JP, Barnsdale, Takapau, is a well-sited tree 45 cm x 18.7 m, in 1973. The better of two, and one of the finest conifers seen in a home garden.)

Ulmus glabra, Wych Elm, Europe, N and W Asia. Dr D.R. Ballantyne, Stonycroft, Hastings. Dbh 112 cm, height 17.7 m, in 1969, planted 1865.

Ulmus glabra 'Pendula', Weeping Wych Elm. Common in most streets in Hastings, usually about 35 cm dbh, about 4 to 5 m in height, and about 8 .m in spread..

Ulmus procera (syn. U.campestris), Common English Elm. Beside an old house on the right between Waipukurau and Mount Herbert station. Dbh 173 cm, height 32 m, in 1970, the larger of two trees probably planted by Herbert c.1875. (Others, recorded in 1969, are at Roberts Street, Cornwall Park, Ha.stings, 162 cm x 23 m x 27.3 m; Wa.ikoko showgrounds, Hastings, 149 cm x 26 m x 32 m; Oruawharo station, Takapa.u, 162 cm x m 9x 13.7 m, pollarded to save it after storm damage, planted c.1870; Mount Vernon station, Waipukurau, 134 cm x 22.7 m x 24.3 m; L.B. Shand's, Waipukurau, 127 cm x 22.3 m x 30.3 m; Public Gardens, Napier, 117 cm x 25.7 m; and Frimley Park, Hastings, 111 cm x 34.7 m. There a.re 38 trees of this species in the well-known oak avenue in Ormond Road, Hastings, the largest being 154 cm, and about 37 m tall in 1973.) There are more large trees of this species in this region than in other parts of New Zealand. English elms are becoming rare, few are now being planted, and an appeal is made to owners of the above trees to preserve them where possible.

Ulmus procera 'Louis van Houtte', Golden Elm. Donald Symes, Tally Ho, Napier Road, Havelock North. Diam. at 0.7 m, 67 cm, height 8.3 m, spread 18.3 m, in 1969.