Historic and Notable Trees of New Zealand : Poverty Bay, Hawkes
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, ! ,PRODUCTION FORESTRY DIVISION FOREST MENSURATION REPORT NO. 18 (revision) ,,-- ODC 174(931 )--090.2 ~· .soIL BUREAU I . UBRARY I U\NDCARE RESEARCH N?. J P.O. BOX 69, LINCOLN, f<.L NEW ZEALAND FOREST SERVICE f ORE ST RESEARCH INSTITUTE HISTORIC AND NOTABLE TREES OF NEW ZEALAND: EAST COAST - POVERTY BAY, HAWKES BAY i1 'i." S. W. Burstall Forest mensuration report leo (rev) ADDENDUM The following entry should be with Notable Exotic Trees of National Interest in the Rawkes Bay section of this revision. It appeared in that section of the 1970 report. Populus deltoides 'Virginiana', Necklace Poplar. Frimley Park, Hastings. Dbh 262 cm, height 44.3 m, with a clear trunk to 9 m, in 1974. Planted c.1874. This is the largest known deciduous tree in New Zealand and one of the largest poplars in the world. Growth appears to be declining as since 1969 diameter has increased by only 4 cm and there has been little if any·height growth. SOIL BUREAU HISTORIC AND NOTABLE TREES OF NEW ZEALAND: POVERTY BAY, HAWKES BAY S.W. Burstall Date: September 1974 ODC 174(931)~090.2 Forest Mensuration Report No. 18 (revised) Production Forestry Division Forest Research Institute Private Bag Rotorua NEW ZEALAND NOTE: This is an unpublished report, and it must be cited as such, e.g. "New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute, Forest Mensuration Report No. 18 (revised) 1974 (unpublished)". Permission to use any of its contents in print must first be obtained from the Director of the Production Forestry Division. INTRODUCTION Comments on the early establishment and in New Zealandmostly appeared in letters and journals of military personnel. The first published paper known on this Arthur Ludlam, on the "Cultivation and Acclimatizationof Trees written for the New Zealand Exhibition, 1865 and published in Transactions ~Proceedings of the N.Z. Institute, 1868, pp. Ludlam's plantings, started in 1840 at Lower Hutt, were later "McNab's Gardens" and for some years before 1900 aa "Bellevue The first known records of growth measurements belt of trees and shrubs at Ohinetahi, Governor's Bay, near The stand included 117 specimens of 77 different varieties Heights of 74 of these trees were measured in feet ·oeing measured later for the first time) all 1869, 1870, 1871 and 1872, with a final branches and girth of bole in feet and inches of 1878. This information is contained in an plantation" by T.H. Potts in the New Zealand November 1878, pp. 390-397, and Vol. 3, No. 1, of these trees will be recorded in the North No. 22. In Vol. 4, 1971, pp. 367-369 of==-.::::;:;=.=.:= Institute, 1868, R. Pharazyn, FRGS, Wanganui". This was an interesting girth, height and spread of branches in feet nursery stock at ages from 3 to 5 years. In 29, 1896, pp. 393-412 T. Mason writes "An Account 1 'The Gums , Taita" (Wellington). Mason records 600-odd plants trees in this The were Pinus insig.nis and Eucalyptus globulus, both 120 information mentioned in this paragraph will be given in more lists general notes. The earliest known record~ng of historic or is a list of 153 numbered historic indigenous and exotic Dr H.H. Allan, and published in the Journal .2.f. lli New~~~~~=.:=..::;;;:;:.;:;..:::;. Horticulture, June and September, 1940, and June 1941. trees in that list all except two survive today. In August 1960, the New Zealand Forest a list, 11 "Historic and Notable Trees: List at July 1960 • This was W.H. Jolliffe and J. Johnson at Head Office, included all the trees in Dr Allan's list, as well as about 100 notable trees recorded Forest Service officers. It was anticipated that the combined list would be published but this was not done. About the middle of 1963, the present author list of 210 notable exotic trees from measurements of hundreds of large trees many species and varieties recorded during the previous 12 years. This was published in the Journal of the Royal New Zealand Institute Vol. V, No. IV, September 1963, pp. 175-190, and issued as Reprint No. 51. In June 1966, a NZFS officer, D. McEwen, under the direction of W.J. Wendelken, compiled 19 regional lists, aggregating exotic trees in categories of "Historic" and "Notable"; each subdivided according to national and local importance. The regions covered the whole of New Zealand, North Canterbury having the greatest number of trees (90), and Buller the smallest number (3). Following are the shown for this valuable contribution: 2 1. NZ Forest Service punch cards 2. NZ Forest Service List of Historic and Notable Trees, July 1960 3. NZ Forest Service Reprint No. 51 (Burstall, 1963) 4. Miscellaneous NZ Forest Service records 4A. "Big and Historic Trees" (old ledger in NZFS library, Wellington) 5. "The New Story of the Kauri", by A.H. Reed, 3rd ed. 1964 6. "Dictionary of New Zealand Biography", by G.H. Scholefield, in 2 volumes, Wellington, 1940 7. Dr Allan's list, Journal of the New Zealand Institute of Horticulture, Vol. 10 (1): 19-27, June 1940. Copies of these lists had been sent to the Forest Research Institute and also to the Secretary of the Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture. The possibility was considered of consolidating these lists with the large amount of information on historic and notable trees accumulated by the present author. After discussions with G. Duff and E.H. Bunn of FRI, the Head Office of the NZFS and the Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture were approached and both agreed to support the proposal. Because some of the regional lists are now complete and others are near completion, it has been decided to compile nine reports, by grouping two to three of the twenty territories to make up eight re~;onal reports, and by reviewing all historic and notable trees of national interest in another report. The regional groupings and their corresponding report numbers are as follows: NZFS FRI MENSURATION REPORTS: Historic and Notable Trees of New Zealand: No. 16 NORTHLAND, AUCKLAND 17 WAIKATO, TH.AMES VALLEY - COROM.ANDEL, BAY OF PLENTY 18 POVERTY BAY, HAWKES BAY 19 TAR.ANAKI, WANGANUI, R.ANGITIKEI, CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND 20 WAIRARAPA, MANAWATU, WELLINGTON 21 MARLBOROUGH, NELSON, WESTLAND 22 NORTH CANTERBURY, SOUTH CANTERBURY, CHATHAM ISLANDS 23 OTAGO, SOUTHLAND 24 HISTORIC AND NOTABLE TREES OF NATIONAL INTEREST DEFINITIONS Historic trees are defined as those commemorating important events in Maori history and legends or in European settlement. For planted trees, nationally historic specimens are limited to those 50 years and older in 1970, but for locally historic trees there is no such restriction. Notable trees are defined as those of species rare in New Zealand; of the earliest known plantings; and of large diameter, height or canopy spread. Individual trees of national interest must be larger in any one of the three dimensions than any other of their species known in the country. 3 Decis.ions to include or exclude particular trees in the various categories •and particularly to include one specimen in preference to another of .approximately the same dimensions have sometimes caused difficulties. Inevitably subjective judgments have had to be made with which others may not agree, but the regional reports sometimes list several trees of the same species in a particular locality which could be regarded as co-equal, substitute or replacement individuals. MEASUREMENTS Diameter: For most trees, diameters were measured to the nearest centimetre at 1.36 metre (4 ft 6 in.) above ground level at its. highest point. :occasionally, however, because of low branching, diameters have been measured ,at or near ground level in centimetres, but for larger trees usually girth to the nearest 0.3 metres is recorded. Abbreviations for diameters are: dbh =diameter at breast height (1.36 m); diam. at 0.3 m =diameter at 0.3 m above ground level; diam. at G.L. = diameter at ground level; o.b. = over bark (all measurements are recorded over bark). No abbreviations will be used for girth measurements. Height: Total height is the distance in metres between the highest point of ground at the base of a tree to the highest part of that tree. For some outstanding trees, both conifers and broadleaves, length of bole or height to the first major branch is.recorded in metres. Where possible, heights of all historic and notable trees of national importance have been measured by •instruments. Many trees of local importance have also been measured by using !instruments, but others have been estimated to the nearest 2 metre. Canopy spread: This measurement is usually confined to open-grown and partly open-grown broadleaves and to large spreading open-grown conifers. iFor most of the historic and notable trees of national importance the average iof the greatest and smallest canopy diameters shown in metres. For most of the trees of local importance only one measurement of canopy diameter was taken. NOMENCLATURE Much of the botanical information shown for trees in these reports has been supplied from tree owners, name plates on trees and other sources, and it has been impossible to check all names. Errors and omissions were therefore inevit~ble and the authQr would appreciate hearing of these. Because many of the exotic species recorded were not forest trees, difficulty has been experienced in checking and updating botanical names, especially those of varieties and cultivars. Botanical names largely follow Rehder's "Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs, 2nd ed. The other main references used were: "Forest Trees of Australia", Hall, Johnston and Chippendale "Hillier' s Manual of Trees and Shrubs"., 2nd ed. "A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae", Dallimore and Jackson, 9th ed.