POWER SCHEME WAIKAREMOANA

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 01.07.12 // 30.06.13 13 technical reports ordiscuss matters directly withinterested parties. provide asummary ofit.GenesisEnergy ishappyto provide furtherdetails or intention ofthisreport to reproduce orreplicate thisinformation, rather to and agreements thathave fed into thisreport. Asstated above, itisnotthe number oftechnical reports, research programmes, environmental initiatives The report alsoonly provides asummaryofkey result areas. There are a 2013 (hereafter referred to as‘thereporting period’). summarises thekey outcomes for theoperating period1July 2012to 30June this report to reproduce orreplicate thisinformation inanyway,rather it a vast amountoftechnical information collected. Itisnottheintention of The process to renew resource consents waslengthy andcomplicated, with Waikaremoana Power Scheme. of theprocess to renew resource consents for theongoingoperation ofthe This report provides asummaryofkey environmental outcomes arisingout HIGHLIGHTS 1 July 2012–30 June 2013 02 01 INTRODUCTION 02 1.1 Document Overview Maintenance Consents In February 2013, scheme-wide 02 1.2 Resource Consent Process Overview resource consents to undertake various routine maintenance 02 1.3 How to use this document activities at the Waikaremoana Power Scheme were granted 02 1.4 Genesis Energy’s Approach by Hawkes Bay Regional Council (HBRC). Prior to the scheme- to Environmental Management wide maintenance consents, resource consents for routine 02 1.4.1 Genesis Energy’s Values maintenance activities were applied for on an ad-hoc basis 02 1.4.2 Environmental Management System which involved frequent repetition. The new consents provide 03 1.4.3 Resource Consents Management System an efficient mechanism to undertake routine maintenance 03 1.4.4 Hydrology activities, whilst effectively managing the effects of the activities 03 1.5 Feedback on the environment (see Section 5.1.1 for details). 04 02 WAIKAREMOANA POWER SCHEME Waikareiti Biodiversity Restoration Project Genesis Energy 05 2.1 Operating the Waikaremoana Power Scheme entered into a three year Waikareiti Biodiversity Restoration 05 2.2 Climate and Power Generation Project Sponsorship Agreement with the Department of 06 03 LAKE WAIKAREMOANA Conservation (DOC) in February 2012. The project’s vision is 07 3.1 Hydrology that “The Waikareiti landscape is pest free and native species 08 3.1.1 Level Trends at Lake Waikaremoana thrive in abundance”. DOC field staff and tangata whenua 08 3.2 Ecosystems and Water Quality established predator trapping infra-structure around the 08 3.2.1 Terrestrial Vegetation lakeshore this reporting period ready for removal of pests from 08 3.2.2 Aquatic Vegetation all six islands on Lake Waikareiti, using hand-spread toxins 09 3.2.3 Trout Monitoring (see Section 6.3 for details). 09 3.2.4 Ecological Restoration Programme 10 3.3 Sediment (Erosion, Transport and Deposition) Waikaremoana Lagarosiphon Incursion In February 2012, a 10 3.3.1 Event-Driven Monitoring DOC contractor located Lagarosiphon plants at Te Raoa Bay 11 04 WAIKARETAHEKE RIVER on Lake Waikaremoana during routine surveillance. A multi- 12 4.1 Hydrology agency response is well underway to manage the incursion, 12 4.1.1 Lake Kaitawa involving DOC, tangata whenua, National Institute of Water and 12 4.1.2 Waikaretaheke River from Kaitawa Spillway to Atmospheric Research, HBRC, Fish and Game, user groups and Lake Whakamarino Genesis Energy. A Ten-Year Strategic Plan has been prepared 13 4.1.3 Lake Whakamarino and ratified by the governance group this reporting period 13 4.1.4 Waikaretaheke River below Piripaua Power Station and regular dive inspections have reduced the biomass of 13 4.1.5 Maximum Flows: Waikaretaheke River and Lakes Lagarosiphon at all known sites to very low levels (see Section Waikaremoana, Kaitawa and Whakamarino 6.6 for details). 13 4.2 Aquatic Ecosystems and Water Quality Piripaua Transformer Upgrade After 73 years of service the two 13 4.2.1 Macro-Invertebrates original transformers at Piripaua Power Station were replaced 14 4.2.2 Waikaretaheke River Ecologial Assessment Below Piripaua during the reporting period. This was a massive undertaking 14 4.2.3 Waikaretaheke River Trout with the new units sourced from Korea. A multitude of other 14 4.2.4 Tune (eel) Migration Programmes work was also undertaken during the four month outage (see 16 4.3 Water Quality Section 5.1.3 for details). 16 4.3.1 Routine Monitoring 16 4.4 Sediment (Erosion, Transport and Deposition) Tuna Migration Programme A record number of elvers (32,984) 17 4.5 Recreation and Tourism were captured below Piripaua Power Station and transferred 17 4.5.1 Piripaua Power Station to upstream habitats. Planning is also well underway to install 17 4.5.2 Whakamarino Dam a migrant tuna by-pass which will provide a safe passage for 18 05 SCHEME-WIDE OUTCOMES migrant tuna out of Lake Whakamarino into the Waikaretaheke 19 5.1 Maintenance Activities River. The by-pass will be completed in the next reporting 19 5.1.1 Scheme-wide Maintenance Consent period (see Section 4.2.4 for details). 19 5.1.2 Piripaua Intake Weed Accumulation 19 5.1.3 Piripaua Transformer Upgrade ABBREVIATIONS 20 5.1.4 Waikaremoana Transmission Condition Assessment 20 5.2 Sports Fish and Habitat Enhancement Fund AER Annual Environmental Report 21 5.3 Dam Safety CSR Comprehensive Safety Review 21 5.4 Oil Spill Response DOC Department of Conservation 21 5.5 Public Complaints ECNZ Electricity Corporation of New Zealand 21 5.6 Publicly Available Hydrology Information EMS Environmental Management System EPT Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera 22 COMMUNITY & ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES 06 (the three insect orders commonly used to test water quality) 23 6.1 Lake Waikaremoana Hapu GPS Global Positioning System Restoration Trust Partnership GWh Gigawatt hour 23 6.2 Whio Forever HBCC Hawkes Bay Canoe Club 24 6.3 Waikareiti Biodiversity Project HBRC Hawkes Bay Regional Council 25 6.4 Waimako Marae DIY LWHRT Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration Trust 25 6.5 Lake Waikaremoana Challenge masl meters above sea level – Moturiki Datum 26 6.6 Aquatic Weeds MPI Ministry of Primary Industries 27 07 KEY OBJECTIVES MVA Megavolt Amp MW Megawatt 28 7.1 Review of Key Objectives for 2012-13 NIWA National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research 28 7.2 Key Objectives for 2013-14 NZTA New Zealand Transport Authority 29 08 REFERENCES QMCI Quantitative Macro-invertebrate Community Index RCMS Resource Consent Management System SPI Submerged Plant Indicators WERP Waikaremoana Ecological Restoration Programme WPS Waikaremoana Power Scheme WSFF Waikaremoana Sports Fish and Habitat Enhancement Fund

Front cover photo: Diver working on Number 2 siphon - Onepoto Siphon, Lake Waikaremoana, 1946.

Back cover photo: Transporting pipe during construction of the Waikaremoana Power Scheme, 1946 02 WAIKAREMOANA // 13

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03 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 04 WAIKAREMOANA // 13 02 POWER WAIKAREMOANA

SCHEME 02 WAIKAREMOANA POWER SCHEME TABLE 1 // Average monthly inflows into Lake Waikaremoana during The Waikaremoana Power Scheme (WPS) is located within and the reporting period. adjacent to Te Urewera National Park in the northern Hawkes Bay Region. The location and features of the scheme are shown on the Month 2012-13 Long Term Percent of map inside the back cover. Average average Inflow Average (%) Inflow (1930 - present) The potential for power generation from the outflow of Lake (m3/s) (m3/s) Waikaremoana was recognised in the 19th century (Natusch, 1992) and three power stations were commissioned between 1929 July 24.9 28.07 89% and 1948. The WPS uses water from Lake Waikaremoana and the August 20.15 25.53 79% Waikaretaheke River and a number of its tributaries to generate September 17.87 21.12 85% electricity at three hydroelectric power stations – Kaitawa (36 megawatts [MW]), Tuai (60 MW) and Piripaua (42 MW). Water is October 12.45 17.38 72% taken from Lake Waikaremoana via tunnels at Onepoto Bay and is November 7.64 13.67 56% passed through Kaitawa Power Station before being discharged into Lake Kaitawa. It is then passed through Tuai Power Station December 6.32 11.29 56% and discharged into Lake Whakamarino. From here, a further January 4.32 10.12 43% tunnel and penstocks carry the water to Piripaua Power Station before it is discharged back into the Waikaretaheke River, the February 1.88 10.91 17% natural outlet of Lake Waikaremoana. March 2.19 12.37 18%

The generating plant has undergone major refurbishment over April 4.79 15.27 31% the past twenty years and the scheme’s generation capacity has May 10.88 20.13 54% increased from 124 to 138 MW. Operation of the WPS depends on the demand for electricity and the availability of water. Electricity June 19.88 23.56 84% from the WPS feeds into the national electricity grid and assists in Annual Average 11.2 17.5 64% maintaining voltage levels on the transmission system.

Supply of electricity to the East Coast from the WPS is important for two reasons. Firstly, the generators at Waikaremoana provide voltage support for the Gisborne and Tokomaru Bay Transpower transmission circuits. Secondly, the close proximity of the WPS to Gisborne results in lower transmission losses, which reduces the need for generation overall. The WPS is also ideally situated to provide power to the East Cape area when the East Cape loses connection to the national grid. 2.1 OPERATING THE WAIKAREMOANA POWER SCHEME

The WPS is operated remotely from Genesis Energy’s Renewable Energy Control Centre, which is part of the Tongariro Power Scheme near Turangi. A 24/7 Generation Control team runs the WPS as effectively and efficiently as possible using a variety of flow, water level and rainfall data, as well as a range of plant and market information to optimise electricity generation revenue requirements while maintaining compliance with resource consent conditions and operating within the electricity market rules. A complex operational control system that underwent a significant FIGURE 2 // Modelled inflows and rainfall for Lake Waikaremoana upgrade in 2010 assists the operations team, providing details on during the reporting period. all aspects of the scheme, enabling remote control and alerting the operators when various parameters trend outside of their standard operating limits (including resource consent limits). The WPS generated a total of 249 Gigawatt hours (GWh) of There is a full maintenance team at the WPS with roaming electricity (Table 2), again significantly below the long-term Controllers on site. These Controllers are available 24/7 to fix average (approximately 450 GWh). This reflects the weather faults or defects as they arise. conditions during this reporting period as well as significant 2.2 CLIMATE AND POWER GENERATION outages which took place, such as the Piripaua transformer upgrade (see Section 5.1.3), which reduced the generation capacity The Lake Waikaremoana catchment had below average rainfall of the scheme significantly. over the reporting period. Inflows were steady at just below the long-term average during July to October 2012 (Table 1), however, Based on an average figure of electricity consumption per this dropped away significantly through the summer months as household of 7,760 kWh/yr (Ministry of Economic Development, the East Coast entered into a period of drought. The combined 2012; p121) the 249 GWh produced by the WPS in the reporting average inflows for February and March were the lowest on record period was enough electricity to power the annual demand of since 1982. Inflows for the year overall were 64% of the long-term approximately 32,000 households. average (1930 – present).

There were no significant inflow events during the reporting period TABLE 2 // Waikaremoana Power Scheme generation (Figure 2) and the lake was able to be maintained between 26% during the reporting period. and 65% full. Site Generation (GWh) The total rainfall recorded at Onepoto for the reporting period was Kaitawa 36 1,487 mm, well below the long-term average at this site (1,939 mm). July 2012 had the highest monthly rainfall with 245.8 mm while Tuai 130 REPORT // 13 ENVIRONMENTAL February 2013 had the lowest monthly rainfall with just 59.6 mm. Piripaua 83

Total 249 05 06 WAIKAREMOANA // 13 03 WAIKAREMOANA LAKE

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09 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 10 WAIKAREMOANA // 13

on covering the water other physical comparison The Management Details evaluating circumnavigation The Lake future lake activities The Regional 2010 A less magnitude level annual beaches, Changes benchmarks with around Monitoring measurements, photo-point New System combination The monitoring high Plan. 2005 hazard erosion shoreline which In shoreline threatens created and used soft Lowering shoreline level Plan a The 3.3

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of

period

compliance

flows

waters onsent

of

full FROM diversion undertake desired during for populations

to

the 5.1.1) the

native 25

A (including

Kaitawa

by downstream,

one

Kaitawa

prevent aquatic

compliance of number the

holes to l/s scheme-wide

A purpose for

up

where,

a

the Structure

KAITAWA

from

including

minimum

minor structure to ensure

was month tripping

amount

downstream flora this was to

structure reporting during allow

99 WP982121MA 99.99 have quarterly

1 achieved this flora

(6,

dropped

the

obtained 0 WP982121MA 100 % Consent (%)

have Diversion

of

Labour reporting metre

undertaken for

non-compliance and of

8) that of

conditions

from being for

Waikaretaheke been

of at thereby undertaking have a

a and SPILLWAY

to

flow October

shown

fauna.

r period period.

water.

the

lowering maintenance equirement they are below demonstrate

Weekend).

below flow a

fauna. reoccurring

of drilled to

reduced achieved.

of

very Structure Kaitawa

period

lower

the resource

remain

(c 25 reducing

that

and of

to are Genesis ondition)

Number

its high

l/s

ten

avoid

the

were

the is

that

(3) (3)

to

correct effects apparent. Control resulted 246.28 time, minimum on compliance from Lake maintenance minimum the consent consent During Lake 5 Below side is approximately the of Lake exceed Waikaretaheke during Lake This angling discolouration weekend Lake from for Genesis 4.1.3

Maximum Value Minimum Parameter

l/s

taken

an

29

two FIGURE TABLE the Kahuitangaroa level

of condition

is

Lake 246.3

Whakamarino Whakamarino Kaitawa Kaitawa earth

Whakamarino the April LAKE

Whakamarino

reporting

masl. the

maintained. Lake caused the

the hours, information

Centre periods.

through

acquisition WP9824020Md Energy in

of

minimum after

6

level There

control operating

level

Kaitawa

9

year

reporting to 5 incorrect 2013 // dam water

event WHAKAMARINO //

Whakamarino,

m³/s

Lake and/or 248.1 The

exceeded is

Lake

whenever was 29.8

in 1st

by

– Diversion

period. which

is

not

(which

were

as the an Lake

in this level

during event Whakamarino required required October,

not

Stream.

Whakamarino down

hectares.

a

masl level

(see is has was permitted

issue Lake

level

Piripaua

repair information HBRC period result Dam

no

event now resulted

Whakamarino exercised

for

contains

as its

was

a

ms)Compliance (masl)

created

Section a

that adverse

the (Figure the

gate 248.1 246.3 for Whakamarino normal that

40 flow a part

displayed Maximum

to to work. WP982420Mc

or The of at

a and continuous

caused

reporting the Waikaretaheke

Water

minutes the Intake,

variation initiate close

during the a remained was on

level in

of of

lake

maximum level

no

a following 5.1.1)

purpose

during 9).

being

lake environmental

the a

operating greater the lake spillway

rectified

spill

complaints

the

for compliance

by

There

has

during

in located

during this 1st Labour Control

scheme-wide reached (Table

to

period dropping

was an the displayed the

Waikaretaheke

minimum this flow by

open

a of

allow

condition. of (5)

than

equipment

99 WP982420MC 99.99 the

surface

rate

was structure) Piripaua up

the Control

October,

obtained

as 0 WP982420MC 100 % Consent (%)

range undertaking

reporting these

River.

6). on

of Weekend,

Level

which as

construction to

reporting for

soon was

5

were for

of only one

During the

below or m³/s 1

the at

up

flow of m important lowering

area

Centre.

Spill

ecological recorded only

minor south-eastern maintenance the

Power as

3 occurred

the received. flow to 1.8

to below

fault across

m³/s. is

period.

the

it Diversion of

this period. resource to 49

Generation

of

(c once spilled from

first m, became

any

did ondition)

reduce

Number non- m

that

Station

the The

3

as

not

/s.

The

(5) (5)

are and maintenance through 2012 reporting agreed The of Farmers flow of the River, During 4.1.4 compliant three-monthly the Whakamarino. Kahuitangaroa A The accepted continued that & data downstream of The Waikaretaheke Piripaua Lake Waikaretaheke flushing upstream, flushing residual macro-invertebrate Waikaretaheke (2003) data where Diversion to Studies 4.2.1 4.2 no been criteria, Resource WAIKAREMOANA, 4.1.5 Date 18/12/12 1/02/13 24/03/13 27/03/13

minimum Taylor

2 low macro-invertebrate assess alteration

of TABLE

river drainage listed

AQUATIC

m no seasonal next Waikaretaheke

routine

trials,

was collected

and WAIKARETAHEKE no MACRO-INVERTEBRATES MAXIMUM Whakamarino Piripaua

3 downstream flow concluded

flow

/s issues the

with

of

the for

modifications

flows flows

flow in

did scheduled to Power

last

between by March

period, the 7 in structure,

consents

at during macro-invertebrate

whereas

consent Genesis from March/April

// recovery

provide

several

flow Piripaua monitoring Federated Hawkes Table

not

five-yearly

of

galleries

of in issues. effect

Power collected ECOSYSTEMS minimum Flow

were

between had had

by

Stream

River. River

the The

their

the River

Station

2013. provide FLOWS: Piripaua

of

except that the

Genesis

7.

1 periods

different downstream KAITAWA

diversion

of

at

a specify process, natural

discharge Monitoring raised. Energy

samples Station. of monitoring

minimum community

November down

begins.

Bay

HBRC

Stakeholders flow channel Power

minimum

reporting

Piripaua least

the

On reduced

HBRC within to

communities

Farmers, immediately

from

1999

2009. of

intervals. 5.5 flow RIVER uainMinimum Duration an for 10

HBRC

any Regional

WAIKARETAHEKE

4 5 Power these

timing below capacities. macro Energy to

or 503 hours or 404 hours or 438 hours or 411 hours maximum The reached

adequate 5 WP982420Mc channel.

four assemblages

Station

AND

farmers the the below and collected Based structure. WP982320Mf AND of l/s

the

was control

Their flow

communities

Power

BELOW

flows

DP982510Wb Plan

and

period. dates will flow these the

occasions composition communities

is

Waikaretaheke short Station.

Mangaone

of was

dam. 2003,

invertebrate

WATER

hydrology

WHAKAMARINO a This

Council maintained

agreed

were is

flow Piripaua

31 occur

on as an more recommendation downstream

in requires from

Samples

below

stock

along based largely and control points flow Station,

periods

March

after This

the a the

PIRIPAUA agreement Scarsbrook recommendation

Macro releases

notified result irsscTranspower litres/sec irsscWicket litres/sec irsscTransformer litres/sec irsscTransformer litres/sec

Following QUALITY 2

Piripaua (9) to durations in

significant

there

Waikaretaheke

limits, in results

(13)

barrier m³/s

flow the the

Stream

on

a

RIVER

staff

those March/April have Power Flow (Table

than

met

October

regular (11) each points

similar

long

collected raised communities

in between

invertebrate leakage of Waikaretaheke Waikaretaheke

flow River

was is

of

the

of and

down

during POWER operational based been

the

of expected

monitored

with

period

year.

Power during AND

these

8).

and Station,

confluence a Lake

of

and downstream

no

five

driver concerns

to

assessment number was

level 2009. was Replac Replac by

There each

undertaken

the

Federated Bowman flow

December soon those flow

on LAKES

tripping therefore the

Tonkin

years 2014. was

events Redcl

without STATION Station

gate times fully

Reason of

natural

design

of

as

be f ement ement event

in from ailure have

after

or

of

link

yffe

the

that of

at

13 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 TABLE 8 // Design capacities of discharge control points within the WPS.

Site Type Design Capacity l/s Consent No. Kaitawa tunnels Discharge g/w and drainage water 80 DP982020W Kaitawa weir drains Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 100 DP982111W Kaitawa Power Station penstock main inlet valve Discharge to unnamed tributary 700 DP982114W Kaitawa Power Station tailrace Take for cooling 110 WP982113T Tuai Power Station Discharge 10 DP982220W Waikaretaheke Diversion Canal Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 100 DP982323W Piripaua Power Station cooling circuits and penstocks Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 100 DP982512W Piripaua Power Station oil interceptor Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 15 DP982515W Piripaua Power Station tailrace Take for cooling 110 WP982511T Piripaua Tunnel large siphon Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 200 DP982501W Piripaua Tunnel small siphon Discharge to an unnamed tributary of the 150 DP982503W Waikaretaheke River Tuai Outdoor Switchyard cooling water system Discharge to an unnamed tributary 11 DP982403W Tuai Power Station cooling water system Discharge to Lake Whakamarino 100 DP982412W Tuai Power Station oil interceptors Discharge to Lake Whakamarino 20 DP982413W Tuai Outdoor Switchyard cooling water system No.1 Discharge to Kahutangaroa Stream 1.4 DP982414W Tuai auxiliary turbines Discharge to Lake Whakamarino 400 DP982415W

4.2.2 WAIKARETAHEKE RIVER ECOLOGICAL The high quality of the in-stream habitat and predominance of EPT ASSESSMENT BELOW PIRIPAUA taxa are likely to be key factors in the river supporting a healthy trout population, with an excess of 100 medium to large trout per In addition to the macro-invertebrate monitoring described above kilometre recorded by Fish & Game in October 2008 (Osborne, 2009). in 4.2.1, Genesis Energy commissioned Freshwater Solutions Ltd to undertake further investigations into the ecology of the 4.2.3 WAIKARETAHEKE RIVER TROUT Waikaretaheke River below Piripaua Power Station. This work was aimed at gaining a better understanding of the ecological system Between 1999 and 2001, trout populations in the Waikaretaheke that has developed in the 4 km section of river below the power River were monitored by twice-yearly drift dives (May and station under the current flow regime. Initial assessments were September) to determine whether recreational flow releases were conducted in summer (February 2012), and further comparative impacting on trout numbers (Kusabs, 2002). The study found that: assessments were undertaken during the reporting period in the Waikaretaheke River below Piripaua supported moderate winter (August 2012). The results are reported by Freshwater densities of rainbow trout and low numbers of brown trout; Solutions Ltd (Montgomerie, 2012). recreational flow releases did not adversely affect trout The flow regime on the Waikaretaheke River below Piripaua Power abundance in the upper Waikaretaheke River. Station results in a variable flow ranging, potentially, between Kusabs (2002) stated, however, that the long-term effects of the 1 and 45 m³/s and, typically, between 5 and 40 m³/s daily. This flow releases on the trout population would only become apparent section of river has a moderate gradient, is willow lined and after 1 to 2 generations (3–6 years for rainbow trout and 4–8 years bouldery in nature. The riverbed is typically 20 m wide with a for brown trout). Consequently, the Waikaretaheke River Monitoring permanently wetted channel of 15 – 18 m and a variable (temporal) Plan recommends that five-yearly drift dives be carried out. wetted zone typically of 1 to 3 m on each side of this permanently Lake Whakamarino HBRC WP982420Mc (9) wetted channel. The channel is generally “U” shaped with most Piripaua Power Station HBRC DP982510Wb (11) additional flow accommodated by an increase in water level Waikaretaheke River HBRC WP982320Mf (13) rather than an increase in river width. The dense willow habitat that lines the river bank traps sediment and has allowed native The last five-yearly drift dive survey of trout in the Waikaretaheke charophyte communities to establish, creating a very stable river River was undertaken in October 2008, in line with the bank environment in the variable wetted zone. Willows play an recommendations of Kusabs (2002). The next survey is scheduled important role in stabilising and shading the river in a landscape/ for October 2013. geology that is highly prone to erosion and sediment runoff. 4.2.4 TUNA (EEL) MIGRATION PROGRAMMES The results of ecological assessments in both summer and winter show that the Waikaretaheke River below Piripaua Power Station In 1996 Strickland recognised the potential for improving the supports diverse and high quality in-stream habitat; abundant upstream passage of tuna (eels) within the Waikaretaheke periphyton growths in permanently wetted areas that did exceed catchment. From this finding, an elver catch and transfer Ministry for the Environment (MfE) guidelines in summer but not programme began in 1996/97 with the installation of a trap in winter; and low periphyton cover and biomass within the varial immediately downstream of Piripaua Power Station. zone in both summer and winter. Results show that the benthic invertebrate community within permanently wetted areas is In addition to this, a Tuna Fisheries Management Plan was characterised by low diversity (total taxa number); moderate to developed for the Waikaremoana area following a tuna high % Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) (though workshop held in Tuai in January 2008, where members of the low total EPT taxa number) in both summer and winter; low Waikaremoana community expressed concerns for their tuna resource and a desire for the development of such a plan. The

// 13 WAIKAREMOANA Quantitative Macro-invertebrate Community Index (QMCI) scores in summer and moderate to high QMCI scores in winter. Overall Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration Trust (LWHRT) were the benthic invertebrate indices scores seemed to be strongly contracted to assist Genesis Energy to prepare this document with influenced by periphyton cover and biomass. input from NIWA. A number of hui were held to help scope the 14 plan, seek input from stakeholders and provide training for local tuna fishers on key issues.

1996/97, Since one-off December that made November This or Lake the released elvers long-fins) 1996/97 reporting The 2013, reported of supported the The Waikaretaheke adverse transfer downstream required Elver reporting Key man-made); Plan On-going sustainability managing catchment Tuna just iwi, urgent The

Water the

migrant population elver elver

t FIGURE

remainder reporting hapu,

ailrace

outcomes number in Tuna complex next

season

include:

Kaitawa,

Fisheries

pers. Trap

the

in desilting were

the need

phenomena

-

effects,

January

programme

and to at int

by

season

Fisheries period work trap period an

migration trap whanau, were

Waikaremoana/Wairoa tuna

1996-97 with 10 to

2012

and provides

assess comm.). least o

all NIWA

the

of to

estimated

migrants, tuna

life Atmospheric

the // 1 period of

Mangaone

and

of

and into

transferred elvers

integrate May Management streams Annual Transfer

captured pond technical locally

monitoring

River

elver

and local

notably

were are cycle

138,000 the the Mangaone 2012.

capture, (Boubèe

to

transfer the transfer; the

statutory

Management

to

a or

surveys

continued 2012-13. by outlined elver tuna above

and

captured tuna

migration

context Consent

the

elver

ascertain

of

and

effects Kahuitangaroa

a Based to 32,984 local

of on

changing

all Programme during tuna

oversight elvers

Stream to

evaluate

highest migration

trap

Research the

stocks.

is

to tagging et catches downstream

in Lake

programme

determine tuna

Str

at agencies hapu

Plan considered

upstream

below.

al, local for

on means of elvers

Tuna

WP982510Wb and until eam at known

have the

at

if

the

2013)

Whakamarino.

activities

these

at

a Plan

Piripaua

catchment, since

the for

members.

from pattern.

Piripaua

the and co-ordinated streams from

transferred

Kuha, season

Fisheries at

May programmes WPS

(NIWA).

(27,817 been

that

the

Regular

late River,

and barriers

T was

success and

means

results the monitoring.

apui habitats, operations

commenced

migrating the necessary 2013.

Waikaremoana/Wairoa

on

there the

migration

other across

Piripaua be transferred

Blair

continued (Figure

began

and

Lake

and National short-fins

upstream

The

The but operated (11)

Waikaretaheke Management

of monitoring

Peak it (both during of

is

ponds; approach Waiwai stakeholders, P is with alleviating

nationally. hapu

a Whakamarino, the results

during otaka

a

in

Power tuna. began

recommended 10).

wide to

strong

catches of natural late in

Institute elver the during

ensure

the

to and

and elvers were from These summer

and ponds, (B.

range

Station

the the majority are in

is to

and

5,167) Waiwai

1

were and The

River

the

is

not

of and

a

and barriers for Elver monitoring passage anticipation eels last upstream As of of structures No 1996/1997 recorded total 2012/13 to Although season in to catch short-fins continued since numbers catchment uncontrolled occurring such on the giving were reporting From catchment data to nets protocols, monitored of Population structures further

the elvers power

ten

other 28.8% March,

previous a

a elvers of FIGURE

ponds

decade. transfer

have result

set set number fourth

ponds.

captured,

the 2004/05 the

Surveys increased catch stream/river a

(19.8%). trap

catch

North total

for that

during of

accumulating

survey

in scheme

at

of the

2010/11

period, reached were

at of at

this resurveyed respectively, (at

have 11 every during

and

upstream tuna of migrant

of

2009/10.

Monitoring

year

three Piripaua.

elvers years of

was and

each Although

the

these

operations

will

This harvest

total // catch of

the least

the

rate the

this, and

year.

Island

barriers

observed programme. Blair measured

the been

long-fins

population power from transfers

15.7% on two

help

elver a

structures

efficiency site. nights

this suggests

catch with

pond/lake

maturity,

catches

captured of sites

Management

80%), total

sites provisions is eels migration a

Most

Waiwai

In

years

on, 2.57 of

number obtained sites Nearly

less the observations indicated

season. monitor

This

trap

long-fin

scheme in 2012/13

which Since

involving

the will has

and

are of

at

during

and

particularly accumulating

but future of

highest

captured

tuna/net-night and

than

are

193 at the

where

using

processes

monitoring over

and

that

of

Piripaua

the warranted this each continue.

been

is demonstrates

sites

87%

ten the

Piripaua

2009,

is

season

of these for

required

However, released power recommended changes

in

tuna

tuna 10% structures

the transfer tuna elvers

dark

warrant slightly significant

will time.

WPS

pond/lake five proportion

Elver standard

the facilitating season

ever of elver increasing re-surveyed

in indicate the proportion

(171

the facilities during

occur being

and Power

numbers separate

moon last long-fin,

station 2012/13 to

structures

transferred are

captured surveys

at will at

tuna catches

at

from in

less

long-fins determine the

tags program, remedial

long-fin

have (Figure

six other the

this

the relatively has hinaki

absent in

the harvest

produce phases the sites

Station.

that

of continued

populations

than the

an seasons. intakes and

the the

are Whakamarino

in

Waikaretaheke

is

tuna time,

baited varied were improved long-fins of

during

potential were

2002 adult

sites. are

at case

so also downstream

near have and 75 being

11). long-fin

this and and

captured

in

from

action. eel

have this

in far has if stocks.

monitored,

net-nights,

monitoring

a low

Although well the tuna conducted

to and

further the

hinaki/fyke- natural

markedly, the Three

trend January fyke

While 22 long recruitment

this future.

been

monitoring

few

site. 2007 developed.

two been

been

2011/12

compared in

over impact

short-fin) in down as highest

numbers elvers

netting

the

of term

since

each

part of The no

control

period

trap

these

In the

the

the

of

of

15 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 From the 2010/11 river/stream sites resampled, a total of 77 tuna 4.3 WATER QUALITY (all long-fin) were captured, measured and released from the 75 hinaki-nights, giving a catch rate of 1.0 tuna/hinaki-night. 4.3.1 ROUTINE MONITORING

A total of 172 tuna greater than 50 cm were also “floy-tagged” Genesis Energy carries out routine monitoring via annual grab (Figure 12) this reporting period and 11 tuna greater than 60 cm samples of the water discharged from sediment traps on the had micro-chips inserted as part of the survey programme. Floy- Tuai Penstock Slope and all power station and switchyard oil tags will allow better monitoring of growth rates and population interceptors to measure for concentrations of lead, oil and grease. size through re-capture data as the survey programme continues Kaitawa Power Station HBRC DP982116Wa (5) in the future. Micro-chips will allow better monitoring of future Tuai Power Station HBRC DP982403W (5) migrant movements, with the scheduled instalment of micro-chip Tuai Power Station HBRC DP982404W (4) reading aerials within the WPS. Tuai Power Station HBRC DP982413W (5) Tuai Power Station HBRC DP982414W (5) Piripaua Power Station HBRC DP982515Wa (5)

Table 9 shows that oil and grease concentrations have remained below the required consent limit at all monitoring sites. Lead results from the Tuai Outdoor Switchyard and Penstock Slope Sump also remained compliant, below the 0.005 g/m³ consent limit. 4.4 SEDIMENT (EROSION, TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION)

During the resource consents process in 1998, the New Zealand Transport Authority (NZTA) expressed concerns over the impact that variable flows from the Piripaua Power Station may have on the NZTA’s ability to carry out new construction works and routine maintenance of its structures and roads in the vicinity of State Highway 38. Genesis Energy and the NZTA entered into an agreement to facilitate consultation and the sharing of information to ensure that the NZTA’s construction or maintenance activities are not unduly impeded by the operations of the Waikaremoana Power Scheme. FIGURE 12 // A “floy-tag” attached to an adult tuna as part of the WPS tuna monitoring programme. The NZTA also expressed concern that variable flow from the power station may cause bank erosion, potentially impacting on the roading network. Genesis Energy and its predecessors have never accepted that the operation of the scheme is a primary cause of downstream erosion. A pragmatic decision was made, Migrant Transfer and By-Pass Installation A total of five migrant however, to establish an erosion monitoring programme at a tuna, captured during their autumn migration out of local selected number of sites. ponds, were fitted with acoustic tags and transferred into Lake Whakamarino. Their movements within the lake were tracked Since the signing of this agreement in 1998 the NZTA has provided electronically using an array of 13 receiver units placed around Genesis Energy with advanced warning when construction and the lake and in the Waikaretaheke River downstream, to further maintenance work is planned. During these occasions Genesis understand search patterns and migration routes. Data from the Energy has taken all reasonable steps to control the flows from receiver units were not downloaded for analysis in time to meet Piripaua Power Station to facilitate their works. During the deadlines for this report, but will be reported on in the 2013/14 reporting period, Genesis Energy was approached by NZTA (via reporting period. their consultants) to determine if flows could be reduced to assist with erosion protection work on State Highway 38 adjacent to the Planning is well underway to have a purpose designed and built Waikaretaheke River. After discussion and flow assessments, it migrant tuna by-pass on the Whakamarino Tip-gate structure. became clear that the discharge from Piripaua Power Station This by-pass will provide a safe passage option for migrants out had negligible effect on water levels at the project site due to the of Lake Whakamarino into the Waikaretaheke River and is to distance downstream (18 km) and tributary inflows. The project be installed in July 2013. Bright lights will also be fitted to the was subsequently redesigned to enable it to continue irrespective Piripaua Intake to deter migrants entering the intake, which will of river levels. hopefully encourage migrants in future seasons to use the new by-pass.

TABLE 9 // Water quality monitoring results for the reporting period.

Sample Location [Consent Number Parameter Date Measured Total Concentration Compliance (g/m³) Kaitawa Interceptor Hydrocarbons (Consent Limit 1.0g/m³) 24/09/12 0.7 Full compliance [Kaitawa Power Station DP982116W (5)] Piripaua Interceptor Hydrocarbons (Consent Limit 1.0g/m³) 24/09/12 0.7 Full compliance [Piripaua Power Station DP982515W (5)] Tuai Outdoor Switchyard Interceptor Hydrocarbons (Consent Limit 1.0g/m³) 24/09/12 0.7 Full compliance [Tuai Power Station DP982414W (4)] Tuai Interceptor Hydrocarbons (Consent Limit 1.0g/m³) 24/09/12 0.7 Full compliance [Tuai Power Station DP982413W (4)]

// 13 WAIKAREMOANA Tuai Penstock Slope Lead (Consent Limit 0,005g/m³) 18/10/12 0.00038 Full compliance [Tuai Power Station DP982404 (4)] Tuai Outdoor Switchyard Lead (Consent Limit 0,005g/m³) 18/10/12 0.003 Full compliance

16 [Tuai Power Station DP982403W (5)] Genesis Energy has participated, and will continue to participate, in erosion monitoring where it is practical and helpful to do so. 4.5 RECREATION AND TOURISM

A number of recreational releases from Piripaua Power Station and Lake Whakamarino occur on specified weekends on an annual basis, as agreed with the Hawkes Bay Canoe Club (HBCC) and Whitewater NZ.

A number of changes to conditions related to recreational releases have been agreed largely informally by Whitewater NZ, HBCC and Genesis Energy since the resource consents were granted in November 1998. These changes have been made to reflect the low level of participation in the recreational releases by kayakers, as well as changes to river management practices. Genesis Energy is currently working together with HBCC and Whitewater NZ to develop plans to boost participation in the recreational releases and to better manage the releases to serve the interests of all three parties over time. FIGURE 13 // HBCC member enjoying the Waikaretaheke River (Photo: HBCC) Registration forms are available on the Whitewater NZ website (www.rivers.org.nz) that kayakers can fill out to register interest for a particular event. This allows both Genesis Energy and Whitewater NZ to gauge numbers for releases, and ensure that 4.5.2 WHAKAMARINO DAM water spilled for such purpose is well utilised. 4.5.1 PIRIPAUA POWER STATION Recreational releases from Whakamarino Dam Spillway occur on each of two consecutive days, twice annually, for a duration of not There are six recreational releases from Piripaua Power Station less than six hours. One of these releases must occur between annually. The releases are required to be a set flow of between September and November, and the other between March and May. 25–35 m3/s, as specified in advance by Whitewater NZ, for a A minimum flow of 17 m3/s is released from Lake Whakamarino, duration of not less than six hours. No-flow dates are also agreed and the flow must have reached 20 m3/s at the confluence of the in advance, allowing HBCC to undertake maintenance work on the Waikaretaheke River and Kahuitangaroa Stream. downstream river channel to ensure safe kayaking. Lake Whakamarino HBRC WP982420Mc (6) Piripaua Power Station HBRC DP982510Wb (4) In August 2011 Genesis Energy, Whitewater NZ and HBCC During the reporting period four recreational releases from agreed to reduce the current four recreational releases from Piripaua Power Station were cancelled at HBCC’s request due to Whakamarino Dam per year to one one-day event per year. insufficient registrations, while two releases went ahead (Figure This is to focus recreational interest on one ‘larger’ event in the 13). Table 10 shows compliance for these releases. hope of attracting greater participation. However the scheduled recreational release from Whakamarino Dam was cancelled at The duration of the recreational release on 20 January was HBCC’s request due to insufficient registrations. slightly short of the 6 hours required, resulting in a minor non- compliance. No complaints were received.

HBCC do not currently require the no-flow days prior to recreational releases as they have made alternative arrangements for the management of debris in the river. Hence, Genesis Energy and HBCC agreed that there would be no no-flow days during the reporting period.

TABLE 10 // Recreational release compliance for the reporting period.

Date Required flow Minimum flow (m3/s) Maximum flow (m3/s) Average flow (m3/s) Duration (hrs) Compliance 9/09/12 34 (m3/s) 35.7 36.5 36 6 hrs + Full compliance 20/01/13 28 (m3/s) 29.7 31.5 30.3 5 hrs 30 mins Minor non-compliance ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 ENVIRONMENTAL 17 18 WAIKAREMOANA // 13 05 OUTCOMES SCHEME-WIDE

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25 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 26 WAIKAREMOANA // 13

spread Koura illegal koura While recently biosecurity ensure to into their sites. in specially to and DOC, macrophyte Lagarosiphon large Further Te contractor Waikaremoana North pests. that regional as aquatic has Aquatic Genesis organisations the prevent Genesis and potential aquatic Didymosphenia 6.6

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AQUATIC

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tangata number

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surveys

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meetings achieved. Zealand such Lake aquatic

located

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user

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operations,

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plants indigenous ensure operates.

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activity

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including

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for by of

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Bay.

present be and

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OBJECTIVES KEY 07 27 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 07 KEY OBJECTIVES

7.1 REVIEW OF KEY OBJECTIVES FOR 2012–13

TABLE 12 // Review of key objectives for 2012–2013

Outcome/Initiative Objective How did we do it? Waikaremoana Improve the efficiency of the Complete. Maintenance Consents Waikaremoana Power Scheme maintenance process by acquiring a suite of maintenance consents.

Waikaremoana Continue the review as to the On-going. Working with Hawkes Bay Canoe Club and Whitewater NZ to develop Recreational Releases effectiveness of how the recreational and implement a WPS Recreational Release Management Plan. releases at Waikaremoana are implemented.

Signage All signage is relevant and reflected in On-going. Signage has recently been reviewed and upgraded where necessary to the Signage Management System. be consistent with other hydro-generation sites, and documented in a database. Waikaretaheke River Develop an understanding of the in- Complete. Ecological Study stream ecology of the Waikaretaheke River under the current flow regime, that will provide a baseline of current river conditions.

Waikareiti Biodiversity Implement a successful biodiversity On-going. Trapping network in place around lake. Eradication of pests from Restoration Project restoration project at Waikareiti. islands to occur in winter (July/August) 2013.

Macrophyte Surveys at Assess current status of aquatic Complete. Lake Waikaremoana macrophyte beds in the littoral zone of Lake Waikaremoana as per resource consent conditions.

Downstream Eel Assess options to facilitate On-going. Migrant eel by-pass ready for installation in July 2013. Electric Passage downstream eel migration. barrier trialled (unsuccessfully) at Piripaua Intake so bright lights to be installed as back-up option to discourage migrant eels from entering intake .

Piripaua Screen Review weed disposal management at Complete. Cleaner Weed Disposal the screen cleaner.

Aquatic Pest Maintain or improve the current Complete. Biosecurity biosecurity status of waterways within the WPS.

7.2 KEY OBJECTIVES FOR 2013 –14

Key environmental objectives for the 2013–14 year build on some of the initiatives and programmes that are underway.

TABLE 13 // Key objectives for 2013–2014

Outcome/Initiative Objective Action 2013 - 14 Waikaremoana Recreational Releases Continue the review as to the effectiveness of how Work with Hawkes Bay Canoe Club and the recreational releases at Waikaremoana are Whitewater NZ to develop and implement a WPS implemented. Recreational Release Management Plan. Signage All signage is relevant and reflected in the Signage Ensure Signage Management System is up-to- Management System. date and robust procedures are in place to ensure it is kept up-to-date.

Downstream Eel Passage Install an effective migrant eel pass in Lake Complete installation of the Whakamarino Spill-way Whakamarino. eel by-pass and install lights on Piripaua Intake to discouirge migrants from using this outlet. Lake Waikaremoana Lagrosiphon Support the initiative to eradicate lagarosiphon Work with DOC, iwi, Fish & Game and other Incursion from Lake Waikaremoana and maintain the lake stakeholders to implement the 10 Year Lake ecology as pristine as possible. Waikaremoana Lagarosiphon Insursion Strategic Plan. Waiotukupuna Fish Trap Undertake trout monitoring at Lake Waikaremoana. Install fish trap on the Waiotukupuna Stream and sample the 2014 spawning run. Waikaretaheke Trout Drift Dive Survey Undertake trout monitoring in the Undertake drift dive survey of Waikaretaheke River Waikaretaheke River. below Piripaua Power Station in October 2013.

Piripaua Intake Water Quality Determine the influence of weed decay and runoff Monitor water quality parameters at four Monitoring from the Piripaua Intake weed accumulation site on sites (Tuai Penstocks, Kahuitangaroa, Lake water quality in the Waikaretaheke River. Whakamarino, Piripaua Penstocks). // 13 WAIKAREMOANA Environmental Management System To review and update the company-wide EMS. Complete review of EMS and roll-out across company.

RCMS Reporting Enhance RCMS reporting capabilities. Review RCMS reporting requirements and work

28 with IT to ensure that a reporting system is developed that meets those requirements. monitoring Waiwai, Reference Assessment. Tonkin and Rivers, Strickland, Energy. Management Monitoring Single, Consultants, Processes Shoreline Single, Rotorua. International Monitoring Single, Energy. International Morphology Single, Prepared Wildland Shaw, Report Waikaretaheke flows Scarsbrook prepared Scheme: Pitkethley Council, four the Osborne, behalf Natusch, Tauranga. Client Montgomerie, Data Ministry Energy Waikaretaheke impact Kusabs, Unpublished - Genesis Project 2012-13. Scheme Boubèe, New shoreline shoreline Allan 08

Annual

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to Ecological

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I

29 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 WAIKAREMOANA POWER SCHEME MAP // 13