POWER SCHEME WAIKAREMOANA
ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 01.07.12 // 30.06.13 13 technical reports ordiscuss matters directly withinterested parties. provide asummary ofit.GenesisEnergy ishappyto provide furtherdetails or intention ofthisreport to reproduce orreplicate thisinformation, rather to and agreements thathave fed into thisreport. Asstated above, itisnotthe number oftechnical reports, research programmes, environmental initiatives The report alsoonly provides asummaryofkey result areas. There are a 2013 (hereafter referred to as‘thereporting period’). summarises thekey outcomes for theoperating period1July 2012to 30June this report to reproduce orreplicate thisinformation inanyway,rather it a vast amountoftechnical information collected. Itisnottheintention of The process to renew resource consents waslengthy andcomplicated, with Waikaremoana Power Scheme. of theprocess to renew resource consents for theongoingoperation ofthe This report provides asummaryofkey environmental outcomes arisingout HIGHLIGHTS 1 July 2012–30 June 2013 02 01 INTRODUCTION 02 1.1 Document Overview Maintenance Consents In February 2013, scheme-wide 02 1.2 Resource Consent Process Overview resource consents to undertake various routine maintenance 02 1.3 How to use this document activities at the Waikaremoana Power Scheme were granted 02 1.4 Genesis Energy’s Approach by Hawkes Bay Regional Council (HBRC). Prior to the scheme- to Environmental Management wide maintenance consents, resource consents for routine 02 1.4.1 Genesis Energy’s Values maintenance activities were applied for on an ad-hoc basis 02 1.4.2 Environmental Management System which involved frequent repetition. The new consents provide 03 1.4.3 Resource Consents Management System an efficient mechanism to undertake routine maintenance 03 1.4.4 Hydrology activities, whilst effectively managing the effects of the activities 03 1.5 Feedback on the environment (see Section 5.1.1 for details). 04 02 WAIKAREMOANA POWER SCHEME Waikareiti Biodiversity Restoration Project Genesis Energy 05 2.1 Operating the Waikaremoana Power Scheme entered into a three year Waikareiti Biodiversity Restoration 05 2.2 Climate and Power Generation Project Sponsorship Agreement with the Department of 06 03 LAKE WAIKAREMOANA Conservation (DOC) in February 2012. The project’s vision is 07 3.1 Hydrology that “The Waikareiti landscape is pest free and native species 08 3.1.1 Level Trends at Lake Waikaremoana thrive in abundance”. DOC field staff and tangata whenua 08 3.2 Ecosystems and Water Quality established predator trapping infra-structure around the 08 3.2.1 Terrestrial Vegetation lakeshore this reporting period ready for removal of pests from 08 3.2.2 Aquatic Vegetation all six islands on Lake Waikareiti, using hand-spread toxins 09 3.2.3 Trout Monitoring (see Section 6.3 for details). 09 3.2.4 Ecological Restoration Programme 10 3.3 Sediment (Erosion, Transport and Deposition) Waikaremoana Lagarosiphon Incursion In February 2012, a 10 3.3.1 Event-Driven Monitoring DOC contractor located Lagarosiphon plants at Te Raoa Bay 11 04 WAIKARETAHEKE RIVER on Lake Waikaremoana during routine surveillance. A multi- 12 4.1 Hydrology agency response is well underway to manage the incursion, 12 4.1.1 Lake Kaitawa involving DOC, tangata whenua, National Institute of Water and 12 4.1.2 Waikaretaheke River from Kaitawa Spillway to Atmospheric Research, HBRC, Fish and Game, user groups and Lake Whakamarino Genesis Energy. A Ten-Year Strategic Plan has been prepared 13 4.1.3 Lake Whakamarino and ratified by the governance group this reporting period 13 4.1.4 Waikaretaheke River below Piripaua Power Station and regular dive inspections have reduced the biomass of 13 4.1.5 Maximum Flows: Waikaretaheke River and Lakes Lagarosiphon at all known sites to very low levels (see Section Waikaremoana, Kaitawa and Whakamarino 6.6 for details). 13 4.2 Aquatic Ecosystems and Water Quality Piripaua Transformer Upgrade After 73 years of service the two 13 4.2.1 Macro-Invertebrates original transformers at Piripaua Power Station were replaced 14 4.2.2 Waikaretaheke River Ecologial Assessment Below Piripaua during the reporting period. This was a massive undertaking 14 4.2.3 Waikaretaheke River Trout with the new units sourced from Korea. A multitude of other 14 4.2.4 Tune (eel) Migration Programmes work was also undertaken during the four month outage (see 16 4.3 Water Quality Section 5.1.3 for details). 16 4.3.1 Routine Monitoring 16 4.4 Sediment (Erosion, Transport and Deposition) Tuna Migration Programme A record number of elvers (32,984) 17 4.5 Recreation and Tourism were captured below Piripaua Power Station and transferred 17 4.5.1 Piripaua Power Station to upstream habitats. Planning is also well underway to install 17 4.5.2 Whakamarino Dam a migrant tuna by-pass which will provide a safe passage for 18 05 SCHEME-WIDE OUTCOMES migrant tuna out of Lake Whakamarino into the Waikaretaheke 19 5.1 Maintenance Activities River. The by-pass will be completed in the next reporting 19 5.1.1 Scheme-wide Maintenance Consent period (see Section 4.2.4 for details). 19 5.1.2 Piripaua Intake Weed Accumulation 19 5.1.3 Piripaua Transformer Upgrade ABBREVIATIONS 20 5.1.4 Waikaremoana Transmission Condition Assessment 20 5.2 Sports Fish and Habitat Enhancement Fund AER Annual Environmental Report 21 5.3 Dam Safety CSR Comprehensive Safety Review 21 5.4 Oil Spill Response DOC Department of Conservation 21 5.5 Public Complaints ECNZ Electricity Corporation of New Zealand 21 5.6 Publicly Available Hydrology Information EMS Environmental Management System EPT Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera 22 COMMUNITY & ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES 06 (the three insect orders commonly used to test water quality) 23 6.1 Lake Waikaremoana Hapu GPS Global Positioning System Restoration Trust Partnership GWh Gigawatt hour 23 6.2 Whio Forever HBCC Hawkes Bay Canoe Club 24 6.3 Waikareiti Biodiversity Project HBRC Hawkes Bay Regional Council 25 6.4 Waimako Marae DIY LWHRT Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration Trust 25 6.5 Lake Waikaremoana Challenge masl meters above sea level – Moturiki Datum 26 6.6 Aquatic Weeds MPI Ministry of Primary Industries 27 07 KEY OBJECTIVES MVA Megavolt Amp MW Megawatt 28 7.1 Review of Key Objectives for 2012-13 NIWA National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research 28 7.2 Key Objectives for 2013-14 NZTA New Zealand Transport Authority 29 08 REFERENCES QMCI Quantitative Macro-invertebrate Community Index RCMS Resource Consent Management System SPI Submerged Plant Indicators WERP Waikaremoana Ecological Restoration Programme WPS Waikaremoana Power Scheme WSFF Waikaremoana Sports Fish and Habitat Enhancement Fund
Front cover photo: Diver working on Number 2 siphon - Onepoto Siphon, Lake Waikaremoana, 1946.
Back cover photo: Transporting pipe during construction of the Waikaremoana Power Scheme, 1946 02 WAIKAREMOANA // 13
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03 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 04 WAIKAREMOANA // 13 02 POWER WAIKAREMOANA
SCHEME 02 WAIKAREMOANA POWER SCHEME TABLE 1 // Average monthly inflows into Lake Waikaremoana during The Waikaremoana Power Scheme (WPS) is located within and the reporting period. adjacent to Te Urewera National Park in the northern Hawkes Bay Region. The location and features of the scheme are shown on the Month 2012-13 Long Term Percent of map inside the back cover. Average average Inflow Average (%) Inflow (1930 - present) The potential for power generation from the outflow of Lake (m3/s) (m3/s) Waikaremoana was recognised in the 19th century (Natusch, 1992) and three power stations were commissioned between 1929 July 24.9 28.07 89% and 1948. The WPS uses water from Lake Waikaremoana and the August 20.15 25.53 79% Waikaretaheke River and a number of its tributaries to generate September 17.87 21.12 85% electricity at three hydroelectric power stations – Kaitawa (36 megawatts [MW]), Tuai (60 MW) and Piripaua (42 MW). Water is October 12.45 17.38 72% taken from Lake Waikaremoana via tunnels at Onepoto Bay and is November 7.64 13.67 56% passed through Kaitawa Power Station before being discharged into Lake Kaitawa. It is then passed through Tuai Power Station December 6.32 11.29 56% and discharged into Lake Whakamarino. From here, a further January 4.32 10.12 43% tunnel and penstocks carry the water to Piripaua Power Station before it is discharged back into the Waikaretaheke River, the February 1.88 10.91 17% natural outlet of Lake Waikaremoana. March 2.19 12.37 18%
The generating plant has undergone major refurbishment over April 4.79 15.27 31% the past twenty years and the scheme’s generation capacity has May 10.88 20.13 54% increased from 124 to 138 MW. Operation of the WPS depends on the demand for electricity and the availability of water. Electricity June 19.88 23.56 84% from the WPS feeds into the national electricity grid and assists in Annual Average 11.2 17.5 64% maintaining voltage levels on the transmission system.
Supply of electricity to the East Coast from the WPS is important for two reasons. Firstly, the generators at Waikaremoana provide voltage support for the Gisborne and Tokomaru Bay Transpower transmission circuits. Secondly, the close proximity of the WPS to Gisborne results in lower transmission losses, which reduces the need for generation overall. The WPS is also ideally situated to provide power to the East Cape area when the East Cape loses connection to the national grid. 2.1 OPERATING THE WAIKAREMOANA POWER SCHEME
The WPS is operated remotely from Genesis Energy’s Renewable Energy Control Centre, which is part of the Tongariro Power Scheme near Turangi. A 24/7 Generation Control team runs the WPS as effectively and efficiently as possible using a variety of flow, water level and rainfall data, as well as a range of plant and market information to optimise electricity generation revenue requirements while maintaining compliance with resource consent conditions and operating within the electricity market rules. A complex operational control system that underwent a significant FIGURE 2 // Modelled inflows and rainfall for Lake Waikaremoana upgrade in 2010 assists the operations team, providing details on during the reporting period. all aspects of the scheme, enabling remote control and alerting the operators when various parameters trend outside of their standard operating limits (including resource consent limits). The WPS generated a total of 249 Gigawatt hours (GWh) of There is a full maintenance team at the WPS with roaming electricity (Table 2), again significantly below the long-term Controllers on site. These Controllers are available 24/7 to fix average (approximately 450 GWh). This reflects the weather faults or defects as they arise. conditions during this reporting period as well as significant 2.2 CLIMATE AND POWER GENERATION outages which took place, such as the Piripaua transformer upgrade (see Section 5.1.3), which reduced the generation capacity The Lake Waikaremoana catchment had below average rainfall of the scheme significantly. over the reporting period. Inflows were steady at just below the long-term average during July to October 2012 (Table 1), however, Based on an average figure of electricity consumption per this dropped away significantly through the summer months as household of 7,760 kWh/yr (Ministry of Economic Development, the East Coast entered into a period of drought. The combined 2012; p121) the 249 GWh produced by the WPS in the reporting average inflows for February and March were the lowest on record period was enough electricity to power the annual demand of since 1982. Inflows for the year overall were 64% of the long-term approximately 32,000 households. average (1930 – present).
There were no significant inflow events during the reporting period TABLE 2 // Waikaremoana Power Scheme generation (Figure 2) and the lake was able to be maintained between 26% during the reporting period. and 65% full. Site Generation (GWh) The total rainfall recorded at Onepoto for the reporting period was Kaitawa 36 1,487 mm, well below the long-term average at this site (1,939 mm). July 2012 had the highest monthly rainfall with 245.8 mm while Tuai 130 REPORT // 13 ENVIRONMENTAL February 2013 had the lowest monthly rainfall with just 59.6 mm. Piripaua 83
Total 249 05 06 WAIKAREMOANA // 13 03 WAIKAREMOANA LAKE
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09 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 10 WAIKAREMOANA // 13
on covering the water other physical comparison The Management Details evaluating circumnavigation The Lake future lake activities The Regional 2010 A less magnitude level annual beaches, Changes benchmarks with around Monitoring measurements, photo-point New System combination The monitoring high Plan. 2005 hazard erosion shoreline which In shoreline threatens created and used soft Lowering shoreline level Plan a The 3.3
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of
period
compliance
flows
waters onsent
of
full FROM diversion undertake desired during for populations
to
the 5.1.1) the
native 25
A (including
Kaitawa
by downstream,
one
Kaitawa
prevent aquatic
compliance of number the
holes to l/s scheme-wide
A purpose for
up
where,
a
the Structure
KAITAWA
from
including
minimum
minor structure to ensure
was month tripping
amount
downstream flora this was to
structure reporting during allow
99 WP982121MA 99.99 have quarterly
1 achieved this flora
(6,
dropped
the
obtained 0 WP982121MA 100 % Consent (%)
have Diversion
of
Labour reporting metre
undertaken for
non-compliance and of
8) that of
conditions
from being for
Waikaretaheke been
of at thereby undertaking have a
a and SPILLWAY
to
flow October
shown
fauna.
r period period.
water.
the
lowering maintenance equirement they are below demonstrate
Weekend).
below flow a
fauna. reoccurring
of drilled to
reduced achieved.
of
very Structure Kaitawa
period
lower
the resource
remain
(c 25 reducing
that
and of
to are Genesis ondition)
Number
its high
l/s
ten
avoid
the
were
the is
that
(3) (3)
to
correct effects apparent. Control resulted 246.28 time, minimum on compliance from Lake maintenance minimum the consent consent During Lake 5 Below side is approximately the of Lake exceed Waikaretaheke during Lake This angling discolouration weekend Lake from for Genesis 4.1.3
Maximum Value Minimum Parameter
l/s
taken
an
29
two FIGURE TABLE the Kahuitangaroa level
of condition
is
Lake 246.3
Whakamarino Whakamarino Kaitawa Kaitawa earth
Whakamarino the April LAKE
Whakamarino
reporting
masl. the
maintained. Lake caused the
the hours, information
Centre periods.
through
acquisition WP9824020Md Energy in
of
minimum after
6
level There
control operating
level
Kaitawa
9
year
reporting to 5 incorrect 2013 // dam water
event WHAKAMARINO //
Whakamarino,
m³/s
Lake and/or 248.1 The
exceeded is
Lake
whenever was 29.8
in 1st
by
– Diversion
period. which
is
not
(which
were
as the an Lake
in this level
during event Whakamarino required required October,
not
Stream.
Whakamarino down
hectares.
a
masl level
(see is has was permitted
issue Lake
level
Piripaua
repair information HBRC period result Dam
no
event now resulted
Whakamarino exercised
for
contains
as its
was
a
ms)Compliance (masl)
created
Section a
that adverse
the (Figure the
gate 248.1 246.3 for Whakamarino normal that
40 flow a part
displayed Maximum
to to work. WP982420Mc
or The of at
a and continuous
caused
reporting the Waikaretaheke
Water
minutes the Intake,
variation initiate close
during the a remained was on
level in
of of
lake
maximum level
no
a following 5.1.1)
purpose
during 9).
being
lake environmental
the a
operating greater the lake spillway
rectified
spill
complaints
the
for compliance
by
There
has
during
in located
during this 1st Labour Control
scheme-wide reached (Table
to
period dropping
was an the displayed the
Waikaretaheke
minimum this flow by
open
a of
allow
condition. of (5)
than
equipment
99 WP982420MC 99.99 the
surface
rate
was structure) Piripaua up
the Control
October,
obtained
as 0 WP982420MC 100 % Consent (%)
range undertaking
reporting these
River.
6). on
of Weekend,
Level
which as
construction to
reporting for
soon was
5
were for
of only one
During the
below or m³/s 1
the at
up
flow of m important lowering
area
Centre.
Spill
ecological recorded only
minor south-eastern maintenance the
Power as
3 occurred
the received. flow to 1.8
to below
fault across
m³/s. is
period.
the
it Diversion of
this period. resource to 49
Generation
of
(c once spilled from
first m, became
any
did ondition)
reduce
Number non- m
that
Station
the The
3
as
not
/s.
The
(5) (5)
are and maintenance through 2012 reporting agreed The of Farmers flow of the River, During 4.1.4 compliant three-monthly the Whakamarino. Kahuitangaroa A The accepted continued that & data downstream of The Waikaretaheke Piripaua Lake Waikaretaheke flushing upstream, flushing residual macro-invertebrate Waikaretaheke (2003) data where Diversion to Studies 4.2.1 4.2 no been criteria, Resource WAIKAREMOANA, 4.1.5 Date 18/12/12 1/02/13 24/03/13 27/03/13
minimum Taylor
2 low macro-invertebrate assess alteration
of TABLE
river drainage listed
AQUATIC
m no seasonal next Waikaretaheke
routine
trials,
was collected
and WAIKARETAHEKE no MACRO-INVERTEBRATES MAXIMUM Whakamarino Piripaua
3 downstream flow concluded
flow
/s issues the
with
of
the for
modifications
flows flows
flow in
did scheduled to Power
last
between by March
period, the 7 in structure,
consents
at during macro-invertebrate
whereas
consent Genesis from March/April
// recovery
provide
several
flow Piripaua monitoring Federated Hawkes Table
not
five-yearly
of
galleries
of in issues. effect
Power collected ECOSYSTEMS minimum Flow
were
between had had
by
Stream
River. River
the The
their
the River
Station
2013. provide FLOWS: Piripaua
of
except that the
Genesis
7.
1 periods
different downstream KAITAWA
diversion
of
at
a specify process, natural
discharge Monitoring raised. Energy
samples Station. of monitoring
minimum community
November down
begins.
Bay
HBRC
Stakeholders flow channel Power
minimum
reporting
Piripaua least
the
On reduced
HBRC within to
communities
Farmers, immediately
from
1999
2009. of
intervals. 5.5 flow RIVER uainMinimum Duration an for 10
HBRC
any Regional
WAIKARETAHEKE
4 5 Power these
timing below capacities. macro Energy to
or 503 hours or 404 hours or 438 hours or 411 hours maximum The reached
adequate 5 WP982420Mc channel.
four assemblages
Station
AND
farmers the the below and collected Based structure. WP982320Mf AND of l/s
the
was control
Their flow
communities
Power
BELOW
flows
DP982510Wb Plan
and
period. dates will flow these the
occasions composition communities
is
Waikaretaheke short Station.
Mangaone
of was
dam. 2003,
invertebrate
WATER
hydrology
WHAKAMARINO a This
Council maintained
agreed
were is
flow Piripaua
31 occur
on as an more recommendation downstream
in requires from
Samples
below
stock
along based largely and control points flow Station,
periods
March
after This
the a the
PIRIPAUA agreement Scarsbrook recommendation
Macro releases
notified result irsscTranspower litres/sec irsscWicket litres/sec irsscTransformer litres/sec irsscTransformer litres/sec
Following QUALITY 2
Piripaua (9) to durations in
significant
there
Waikaretaheke
limits, in results
(13)
barrier m³/s
flow the the
Stream
on
a
RIVER
staff
those March/April have Power Flow (Table
than
met
October
regular (11) each points
similar
long
collected raised communities
in between
invertebrate leakage of Waikaretaheke Waikaretaheke
flow River
was is
of
the
of and
down
during POWER operational based been
the
of expected
monitored
with
period
year.
Power during AND
these
8).
and Station,
confluence a Lake
of
and downstream
no
five
driver concerns
to
assessment number was
level 2009. was Replac Replac by
There each
undertaken
the
Federated Bowman flow
December soon those flow
on LAKES
tripping therefore the
Tonkin
years 2014. was
events Redcl
without STATION Station
gate times fully
Reason of
natural
design
of
as
be f ement ement event
in from ailure have
after
or
of
link
yffe
the
that of
at
13 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 TABLE 8 // Design capacities of discharge control points within the WPS.
Site Type Design Capacity l/s Consent No. Kaitawa tunnels Discharge g/w and drainage water 80 DP982020W Kaitawa weir drains Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 100 DP982111W Kaitawa Power Station penstock main inlet valve Discharge to unnamed tributary 700 DP982114W Kaitawa Power Station tailrace Take for cooling 110 WP982113T Tuai Power Station Discharge 10 DP982220W Waikaretaheke Diversion Canal Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 100 DP982323W Piripaua Power Station cooling circuits and penstocks Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 100 DP982512W Piripaua Power Station oil interceptor Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 15 DP982515W Piripaua Power Station tailrace Take for cooling 110 WP982511T Piripaua Tunnel large siphon Discharge to Waikaretaheke River 200 DP982501W Piripaua Tunnel small siphon Discharge to an unnamed tributary of the 150 DP982503W Waikaretaheke River Tuai Outdoor Switchyard cooling water system Discharge to an unnamed tributary 11 DP982403W Tuai Power Station cooling water system Discharge to Lake Whakamarino 100 DP982412W Tuai Power Station oil interceptors Discharge to Lake Whakamarino 20 DP982413W Tuai Outdoor Switchyard cooling water system No.1 Discharge to Kahutangaroa Stream 1.4 DP982414W Tuai auxiliary turbines Discharge to Lake Whakamarino 400 DP982415W
4.2.2 WAIKARETAHEKE RIVER ECOLOGICAL The high quality of the in-stream habitat and predominance of EPT ASSESSMENT BELOW PIRIPAUA taxa are likely to be key factors in the river supporting a healthy trout population, with an excess of 100 medium to large trout per In addition to the macro-invertebrate monitoring described above kilometre recorded by Fish & Game in October 2008 (Osborne, 2009). in 4.2.1, Genesis Energy commissioned Freshwater Solutions Ltd to undertake further investigations into the ecology of the 4.2.3 WAIKARETAHEKE RIVER TROUT Waikaretaheke River below Piripaua Power Station. This work was aimed at gaining a better understanding of the ecological system Between 1999 and 2001, trout populations in the Waikaretaheke that has developed in the 4 km section of river below the power River were monitored by twice-yearly drift dives (May and station under the current flow regime. Initial assessments were September) to determine whether recreational flow releases were conducted in summer (February 2012), and further comparative impacting on trout numbers (Kusabs, 2002). The study found that: assessments were undertaken during the reporting period in the Waikaretaheke River below Piripaua supported moderate winter (August 2012). The results are reported by Freshwater densities of rainbow trout and low numbers of brown trout; Solutions Ltd (Montgomerie, 2012). recreational flow releases did not adversely affect trout The flow regime on the Waikaretaheke River below Piripaua Power abundance in the upper Waikaretaheke River. Station results in a variable flow ranging, potentially, between Kusabs (2002) stated, however, that the long-term effects of the 1 and 45 m³/s and, typically, between 5 and 40 m³/s daily. This flow releases on the trout population would only become apparent section of river has a moderate gradient, is willow lined and after 1 to 2 generations (3–6 years for rainbow trout and 4–8 years bouldery in nature. The riverbed is typically 20 m wide with a for brown trout). Consequently, the Waikaretaheke River Monitoring permanently wetted channel of 15 – 18 m and a variable (temporal) Plan recommends that five-yearly drift dives be carried out. wetted zone typically of 1 to 3 m on each side of this permanently Lake Whakamarino HBRC WP982420Mc (9) wetted channel. The channel is generally “U” shaped with most Piripaua Power Station HBRC DP982510Wb (11) additional flow accommodated by an increase in water level Waikaretaheke River HBRC WP982320Mf (13) rather than an increase in river width. The dense willow habitat that lines the river bank traps sediment and has allowed native The last five-yearly drift dive survey of trout in the Waikaretaheke charophyte communities to establish, creating a very stable river River was undertaken in October 2008, in line with the bank environment in the variable wetted zone. Willows play an recommendations of Kusabs (2002). The next survey is scheduled important role in stabilising and shading the river in a landscape/ for October 2013. geology that is highly prone to erosion and sediment runoff. 4.2.4 TUNA (EEL) MIGRATION PROGRAMMES The results of ecological assessments in both summer and winter show that the Waikaretaheke River below Piripaua Power Station In 1996 Strickland recognised the potential for improving the supports diverse and high quality in-stream habitat; abundant upstream passage of tuna (eels) within the Waikaretaheke periphyton growths in permanently wetted areas that did exceed catchment. From this finding, an elver catch and transfer Ministry for the Environment (MfE) guidelines in summer but not programme began in 1996/97 with the installation of a trap in winter; and low periphyton cover and biomass within the varial immediately downstream of Piripaua Power Station. zone in both summer and winter. Results show that the benthic invertebrate community within permanently wetted areas is In addition to this, a Tuna Fisheries Management Plan was characterised by low diversity (total taxa number); moderate to developed for the Waikaremoana area following a tuna high % Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) (though workshop held in Tuai in January 2008, where members of the low total EPT taxa number) in both summer and winter; low Waikaremoana community expressed concerns for their tuna resource and a desire for the development of such a plan. The
// 13 WAIKAREMOANA Quantitative Macro-invertebrate Community Index (QMCI) scores in summer and moderate to high QMCI scores in winter. Overall Lake Waikaremoana Hapu Restoration Trust (LWHRT) were the benthic invertebrate indices scores seemed to be strongly contracted to assist Genesis Energy to prepare this document with influenced by periphyton cover and biomass. input from NIWA. A number of hui were held to help scope the 14 plan, seek input from stakeholders and provide training for local tuna fishers on key issues.
1996/97, Since one-off December that made November This or Lake the released elvers long-fins) 1996/97 reporting The 2013, reported of supported the The Waikaretaheke adverse transfer downstream required Elver reporting Key man-made); Plan On-going sustainability managing catchment Tuna just iwi, urgent The
Water the
migrant population elver elver
t FIGURE
remainder reporting hapu,
ailrace
outcomes number in Tuna complex next
season
include:
Kaitawa,
Fisheries
pers. Trap
the
in desilting were
the need
phenomena
-
effects,
January
programme
and to at int
by
season
Fisheries period work trap period an
migration trap whanau, were
Waikaremoana/Wairoa tuna
1996-97 with 10 to
2012
and provides
assess comm.). least o
all NIWA
the
of to
estimated
migrants, tuna
life Atmospheric
the // 1 period of
Mangaone
and
of
and into
transferred elvers
integrate May Management streams Annual Transfer
captured pond technical locally
monitoring
River
elver
and local
notably
were are cycle
138,000 the the Mangaone 2012.
capture, (Boubèe
to
transfer the transfer; the
statutory
Management
to
a or
surveys
continued 2012-13. by outlined elver tuna above
and
captured tuna
migration
context Consent
the
elver
ascertain
of
and
effects Kahuitangaroa
a Based to 32,984 local
of on
changing
all Programme during tuna
oversight elvers
Stream to
evaluate
highest migration
trap
Research the
stocks.
is
to tagging et catches downstream
in Lake
programme
determine tuna
Str
at agencies hapu
Plan considered
upstream
below.
al, local for
on means of elvers
Tuna
WP982510Wb and until eam at known
have the
at
if
the
2013)
Whakamarino.
activities
these
at
a Plan
Piripaua
catchment, since
the for
members.
from pattern.
Piripaua
the and co-ordinated streams from
transferred
Kuha, season
Fisheries at
May programmes WPS
(NIWA).
(27,817 been
that
the
Regular
late River,
and barriers
T was
success and
means
results the monitoring.
apui habitats, operations
commenced
migrating the necessary 2013.
Waikaremoana/Wairoa
on
there the
migration
other across
Piripaua be transferred
Blair
continued (Figure
began
and
Lake
and National short-fins
upstream
The
The but operated (11)
Waikaretaheke Management
of monitoring
Peak it (both during of
is
ponds; approach Waiwai stakeholders, P is with alleviating
nationally. hapu
a Whakamarino, the results
during otaka
a
in
Power tuna. began
recommended 10).
wide to
strong
catches of natural late in
Institute elver the during
ensure
the
to and
and elvers were from These summer
and ponds, (B.
range
Station
the the majority are in
is to
and
5,167) Waiwai
1
were and The
River
the
is
not
of and
a
and barriers for Elver monitoring passage anticipation eels last upstream As of of structures No 1996/1997 recorded total 2012/13 to Although season in to catch short-fins continued since numbers catchment uncontrolled occurring such on the giving were reporting From catchment data to nets protocols, monitored of Population structures further
the elvers power
ten
other 28.8% March,
previous a
a elvers of FIGURE
ponds
decade. transfer
have result
set set number fourth
ponds.
captured,
the 2004/05 the
Surveys increased catch stream/river a
(19.8%). trap
catch
North total
for that
during of
accumulating
survey
in scheme
at
of the
2010/11
period, reached were
at of at
this resurveyed respectively, (at
have 11 every during
and
upstream tuna of migrant
of
2009/10.
Monitoring
year
three Piripaua.
elvers years of
was and
each Although
the
these
operations
will
This harvest
total // catch of
the least
the
rate the
this, and
year.
Island
barriers
observed programme. Blair measured
the been
long-fins
population power from transfers
15.7% on two
help
elver a
structures
efficiency site. nights
this suggests
catch with
pond/lake
maturity,
catches
captured of sites
Management
80%), total
sites provisions is eels migration a
Most
Waiwai
In
years
on, 2.57 of
number obtained sites Nearly
less the observations indicated
season. monitor
This
trap
long-fin
scheme in 2012/13
which Since
involving
the will has
and
are of
at
during
and
particularly accumulating
but future of
highest
captured
tuna/net-night and
than
are
193 at the
where
using
processes
monitoring over
and
that
of
Piripaua
the warranted this each continue.
been
is demonstrates
sites
87%
ten the
Piripaua
2009,
is
season
of these for
required
However, released power recommended changes
in
tuna
tuna 10% structures
the transfer tuna elvers
dark
warrant slightly significant
will time.
WPS
pond/lake five proportion
Elver standard
the facilitating season
ever of elver increasing re-surveyed
in indicate the proportion
(171
the facilities during
occur being
and Power
numbers separate
moon last long-fin,
station 2012/13 to
structures
transferred are
captured surveys
at will at
tuna catches
at
from in
less
long-fins determine the
tags program, remedial
long-fin
have (Figure
six other the
this
the relatively has hinaki
absent in
the harvest
produce phases the sites
Station.
that
of continued
populations
than the
an seasons. intakes and
the the
are Whakamarino
in
Waikaretaheke
is
tuna time,
baited varied were improved long-fins of
during
potential were
2002 adult
sites. are
at case
so also downstream
near have and 75 being
11). long-fin
this and and
captured
in
from
action. eel
have this
in far has if stocks.
monitored,
net-nights,
monitoring
a low
Although well the tuna conducted
to and
further the
hinaki/fyke- natural
markedly, the Three
trend January fyke
While 22 long recruitment
this future.
been
monitoring
few
site. 2007 developed.
two been
been
2011/12
compared in
over impact
short-fin) in down as highest
numbers elvers
netting
the
of term
since
each
part of The no
control
period
trap
these
In the
the
the
of
of
15 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 From the 2010/11 river/stream sites resampled, a total of 77 tuna 4.3 WATER QUALITY (all long-fin) were captured, measured and released from the 75 hinaki-nights, giving a catch rate of 1.0 tuna/hinaki-night. 4.3.1 ROUTINE MONITORING
A total of 172 tuna greater than 50 cm were also “floy-tagged” Genesis Energy carries out routine monitoring via annual grab (Figure 12) this reporting period and 11 tuna greater than 60 cm samples of the water discharged from sediment traps on the had micro-chips inserted as part of the survey programme. Floy- Tuai Penstock Slope and all power station and switchyard oil tags will allow better monitoring of growth rates and population interceptors to measure for concentrations of lead, oil and grease. size through re-capture data as the survey programme continues Kaitawa Power Station HBRC DP982116Wa (5) in the future. Micro-chips will allow better monitoring of future Tuai Power Station HBRC DP982403W (5) migrant movements, with the scheduled instalment of micro-chip Tuai Power Station HBRC DP982404W (4) reading aerials within the WPS. Tuai Power Station HBRC DP982413W (5) Tuai Power Station HBRC DP982414W (5) Piripaua Power Station HBRC DP982515Wa (5)
Table 9 shows that oil and grease concentrations have remained below the required consent limit at all monitoring sites. Lead results from the Tuai Outdoor Switchyard and Penstock Slope Sump also remained compliant, below the 0.005 g/m³ consent limit. 4.4 SEDIMENT (EROSION, TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION)
During the resource consents process in 1998, the New Zealand Transport Authority (NZTA) expressed concerns over the impact that variable flows from the Piripaua Power Station may have on the NZTA’s ability to carry out new construction works and routine maintenance of its structures and roads in the vicinity of State Highway 38. Genesis Energy and the NZTA entered into an agreement to facilitate consultation and the sharing of information to ensure that the NZTA’s construction or maintenance activities are not unduly impeded by the operations of the Waikaremoana Power Scheme. FIGURE 12 // A “floy-tag” attached to an adult tuna as part of the WPS tuna monitoring programme. The NZTA also expressed concern that variable flow from the power station may cause bank erosion, potentially impacting on the roading network. Genesis Energy and its predecessors have never accepted that the operation of the scheme is a primary cause of downstream erosion. A pragmatic decision was made, Migrant Transfer and By-Pass Installation A total of five migrant however, to establish an erosion monitoring programme at a tuna, captured during their autumn migration out of local selected number of sites. ponds, were fitted with acoustic tags and transferred into Lake Whakamarino. Their movements within the lake were tracked Since the signing of this agreement in 1998 the NZTA has provided electronically using an array of 13 receiver units placed around Genesis Energy with advanced warning when construction and the lake and in the Waikaretaheke River downstream, to further maintenance work is planned. During these occasions Genesis understand search patterns and migration routes. Data from the Energy has taken all reasonable steps to control the flows from receiver units were not downloaded for analysis in time to meet Piripaua Power Station to facilitate their works. During the deadlines for this report, but will be reported on in the 2013/14 reporting period, Genesis Energy was approached by NZTA (via reporting period. their consultants) to determine if flows could be reduced to assist with erosion protection work on State Highway 38 adjacent to the Planning is well underway to have a purpose designed and built Waikaretaheke River. After discussion and flow assessments, it migrant tuna by-pass on the Whakamarino Tip-gate structure. became clear that the discharge from Piripaua Power Station This by-pass will provide a safe passage option for migrants out had negligible effect on water levels at the project site due to the of Lake Whakamarino into the Waikaretaheke River and is to distance downstream (18 km) and tributary inflows. The project be installed in July 2013. Bright lights will also be fitted to the was subsequently redesigned to enable it to continue irrespective Piripaua Intake to deter migrants entering the intake, which will of river levels. hopefully encourage migrants in future seasons to use the new by-pass.
TABLE 9 // Water quality monitoring results for the reporting period.
Sample Location [Consent Number Parameter Date Measured Total Concentration Compliance (g/m³) Kaitawa Interceptor Hydrocarbons (Consent Limit 1.0g/m³) 24/09/12 0.7 Full compliance [Kaitawa Power Station DP982116W (5)] Piripaua Interceptor Hydrocarbons (Consent Limit 1.0g/m³) 24/09/12 0.7 Full compliance [Piripaua Power Station DP982515W (5)] Tuai Outdoor Switchyard Interceptor Hydrocarbons (Consent Limit 1.0g/m³) 24/09/12 0.7 Full compliance [Tuai Power Station DP982414W (4)] Tuai Interceptor Hydrocarbons (Consent Limit 1.0g/m³) 24/09/12 0.7 Full compliance [Tuai Power Station DP982413W (4)]
// 13 WAIKAREMOANA Tuai Penstock Slope Lead (Consent Limit 0,005g/m³) 18/10/12 0.00038 Full compliance [Tuai Power Station DP982404 (4)] Tuai Outdoor Switchyard Lead (Consent Limit 0,005g/m³) 18/10/12 0.003 Full compliance
16 [Tuai Power Station DP982403W (5)] Genesis Energy has participated, and will continue to participate, in erosion monitoring where it is practical and helpful to do so. 4.5 RECREATION AND TOURISM
A number of recreational releases from Piripaua Power Station and Lake Whakamarino occur on specified weekends on an annual basis, as agreed with the Hawkes Bay Canoe Club (HBCC) and Whitewater NZ.
A number of changes to conditions related to recreational releases have been agreed largely informally by Whitewater NZ, HBCC and Genesis Energy since the resource consents were granted in November 1998. These changes have been made to reflect the low level of participation in the recreational releases by kayakers, as well as changes to river management practices. Genesis Energy is currently working together with HBCC and Whitewater NZ to develop plans to boost participation in the recreational releases and to better manage the releases to serve the interests of all three parties over time. FIGURE 13 // HBCC member enjoying the Waikaretaheke River (Photo: HBCC) Registration forms are available on the Whitewater NZ website (www.rivers.org.nz) that kayakers can fill out to register interest for a particular event. This allows both Genesis Energy and Whitewater NZ to gauge numbers for releases, and ensure that 4.5.2 WHAKAMARINO DAM water spilled for such purpose is well utilised. 4.5.1 PIRIPAUA POWER STATION Recreational releases from Whakamarino Dam Spillway occur on each of two consecutive days, twice annually, for a duration of not There are six recreational releases from Piripaua Power Station less than six hours. One of these releases must occur between annually. The releases are required to be a set flow of between September and November, and the other between March and May. 25–35 m3/s, as specified in advance by Whitewater NZ, for a A minimum flow of 17 m3/s is released from Lake Whakamarino, duration of not less than six hours. No-flow dates are also agreed and the flow must have reached 20 m3/s at the confluence of the in advance, allowing HBCC to undertake maintenance work on the Waikaretaheke River and Kahuitangaroa Stream. downstream river channel to ensure safe kayaking. Lake Whakamarino HBRC WP982420Mc (6) Piripaua Power Station HBRC DP982510Wb (4) In August 2011 Genesis Energy, Whitewater NZ and HBCC During the reporting period four recreational releases from agreed to reduce the current four recreational releases from Piripaua Power Station were cancelled at HBCC’s request due to Whakamarino Dam per year to one one-day event per year. insufficient registrations, while two releases went ahead (Figure This is to focus recreational interest on one ‘larger’ event in the 13). Table 10 shows compliance for these releases. hope of attracting greater participation. However the scheduled recreational release from Whakamarino Dam was cancelled at The duration of the recreational release on 20 January was HBCC’s request due to insufficient registrations. slightly short of the 6 hours required, resulting in a minor non- compliance. No complaints were received.
HBCC do not currently require the no-flow days prior to recreational releases as they have made alternative arrangements for the management of debris in the river. Hence, Genesis Energy and HBCC agreed that there would be no no-flow days during the reporting period.
TABLE 10 // Recreational release compliance for the reporting period.
Date Required flow Minimum flow (m3/s) Maximum flow (m3/s) Average flow (m3/s) Duration (hrs) Compliance 9/09/12 34 (m3/s) 35.7 36.5 36 6 hrs + Full compliance 20/01/13 28 (m3/s) 29.7 31.5 30.3 5 hrs 30 mins Minor non-compliance ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 ENVIRONMENTAL 17 18 WAIKAREMOANA // 13 05 OUTCOMES SCHEME-WIDE
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21 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 22 WAIKAREMOANA // 13 06 INITIATIVES ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNITY
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MARAE
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25 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 26 WAIKAREMOANA // 13
spread Koura illegal koura While recently biosecurity ensure to into their sites. in specially to and DOC, macrophyte Lagarosiphon large Further Te contractor Waikaremoana North pests. that regional as aquatic has Aquatic Genesis organisations the prevent Genesis and potential aquatic Didymosphenia 6.6
June low manage Raoa possible
Fishing Whitewater Hawkes Fish Tangata Department Ministry FIGURE t
AQUATIC
effects
attended aonga the Genesis the play
locations
tangata number
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divers pots Island. levels. pots at
The
of
eradication
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aquatic
the Pest lakebed, delimitation
Bay Energy Energy adopted
partner
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& lagarosiphon presented
22
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Whenua Bay
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to
of WEEDS // various species
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recorded incursion.
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have Regional
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Term
process lagarosiphon
visits
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to Conservation
aquatic project
Bay resident
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surveys
Waikaremoana
impact
meetings achieved. Zealand such Lake aquatic
located
now
NIWA, in
Clubs
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Industries and formally Management developed level. and
to
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pests (Figures hornwort
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North Group of
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operations,
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plants indigenous ensure operates.
area. of
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transfer. convened the effective Plan to
including
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23 24
Bay.
present be and
Island, algae
// //
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A Some cost has
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OBJECTIVES KEY 07 27 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 07 KEY OBJECTIVES
7.1 REVIEW OF KEY OBJECTIVES FOR 2012–13
TABLE 12 // Review of key objectives for 2012–2013
Outcome/Initiative Objective How did we do it? Waikaremoana Improve the efficiency of the Complete. Maintenance Consents Waikaremoana Power Scheme maintenance process by acquiring a suite of maintenance consents.
Waikaremoana Continue the review as to the On-going. Working with Hawkes Bay Canoe Club and Whitewater NZ to develop Recreational Releases effectiveness of how the recreational and implement a WPS Recreational Release Management Plan. releases at Waikaremoana are implemented.
Signage All signage is relevant and reflected in On-going. Signage has recently been reviewed and upgraded where necessary to the Signage Management System. be consistent with other hydro-generation sites, and documented in a database. Waikaretaheke River Develop an understanding of the in- Complete. Ecological Study stream ecology of the Waikaretaheke River under the current flow regime, that will provide a baseline of current river conditions.
Waikareiti Biodiversity Implement a successful biodiversity On-going. Trapping network in place around lake. Eradication of pests from Restoration Project restoration project at Waikareiti. islands to occur in winter (July/August) 2013.
Macrophyte Surveys at Assess current status of aquatic Complete. Lake Waikaremoana macrophyte beds in the littoral zone of Lake Waikaremoana as per resource consent conditions.
Downstream Eel Assess options to facilitate On-going. Migrant eel by-pass ready for installation in July 2013. Electric Passage downstream eel migration. barrier trialled (unsuccessfully) at Piripaua Intake so bright lights to be installed as back-up option to discourage migrant eels from entering intake .
Piripaua Screen Review weed disposal management at Complete. Cleaner Weed Disposal the screen cleaner.
Aquatic Pest Maintain or improve the current Complete. Biosecurity biosecurity status of waterways within the WPS.
7.2 KEY OBJECTIVES FOR 2013 –14
Key environmental objectives for the 2013–14 year build on some of the initiatives and programmes that are underway.
TABLE 13 // Key objectives for 2013–2014
Outcome/Initiative Objective Action 2013 - 14 Waikaremoana Recreational Releases Continue the review as to the effectiveness of how Work with Hawkes Bay Canoe Club and the recreational releases at Waikaremoana are Whitewater NZ to develop and implement a WPS implemented. Recreational Release Management Plan. Signage All signage is relevant and reflected in the Signage Ensure Signage Management System is up-to- Management System. date and robust procedures are in place to ensure it is kept up-to-date.
Downstream Eel Passage Install an effective migrant eel pass in Lake Complete installation of the Whakamarino Spill-way Whakamarino. eel by-pass and install lights on Piripaua Intake to discouirge migrants from using this outlet. Lake Waikaremoana Lagrosiphon Support the initiative to eradicate lagarosiphon Work with DOC, iwi, Fish & Game and other Incursion from Lake Waikaremoana and maintain the lake stakeholders to implement the 10 Year Lake ecology as pristine as possible. Waikaremoana Lagarosiphon Insursion Strategic Plan. Waiotukupuna Fish Trap Undertake trout monitoring at Lake Waikaremoana. Install fish trap on the Waiotukupuna Stream and sample the 2014 spawning run. Waikaretaheke Trout Drift Dive Survey Undertake trout monitoring in the Undertake drift dive survey of Waikaretaheke River Waikaretaheke River. below Piripaua Power Station in October 2013.
Piripaua Intake Water Quality Determine the influence of weed decay and runoff Monitor water quality parameters at four Monitoring from the Piripaua Intake weed accumulation site on sites (Tuai Penstocks, Kahuitangaroa, Lake water quality in the Waikaretaheke River. Whakamarino, Piripaua Penstocks). // 13 WAIKAREMOANA Environmental Management System To review and update the company-wide EMS. Complete review of EMS and roll-out across company.
RCMS Reporting Enhance RCMS reporting capabilities. Review RCMS reporting requirements and work
28 with IT to ensure that a reporting system is developed that meets those requirements. monitoring Waiwai, Reference Assessment. Tonkin and Rivers, Strickland, Energy. Management Monitoring Single, Consultants, Processes Shoreline Single, Rotorua. International Monitoring Single, Energy. International Morphology Single, Prepared Wildland Shaw, Report Waikaretaheke flows Scarsbrook prepared Scheme: Pitkethley Council, four the Osborne, behalf Natusch, Tauranga. Client Montgomerie, Data Ministry Energy Waikaretaheke impact Kusabs, Unpublished - Genesis Project 2012-13. Scheme Boubèe, New shoreline shoreline Allan 08
Annual
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for
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on
–
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I
29 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT // 13 WAIKAREMOANA POWER SCHEME MAP // 13