2010 FJCL Certamen Advanced Revised
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Flowers in Greek Mythology
Flowers in Greek Mythology Everybody knows how rich and exciting Greek Mythology is. Everybody also knows how rich and exciting Greek Flora is. Find out some of the famous Greek myths flower inspired. Find out how feelings and passions were mixed together with flowers to make wonderful stories still famous in nowadays. Anemone:The name of the plant is directly linked to the well known ancient erotic myth of Adonis and Aphrodite (Venus). It has been inspired great poets like Ovidius or, much later, Shakespeare, to compose hymns dedicated to love. According to this myth, while Adonis was hunting in the forest, the ex- lover of Aphrodite, Ares, disguised himself as a wild boar and attacked Adonis causing him lethal injuries. Aphrodite heard the groans of Adonis and rushed to him, but it was too late. Aphrodite got in her arms the lifeless body of her beloved Adonis and it is said the she used nectar in order to spray the wood. The mixture of the nectar and blood sprang a beautiful flower. However, the life of this 1 beautiful flower doesn’t not last. When the wind blows, makes the buds of the plant to bloom and then drifted away. This flower is called Anemone because the wind helps the flowering and its decline. Adonis:It would be an omission if we do not mention that there is a flower named Adonis, which has medicinal properties. According to the myth, this flower is familiar to us as poppy meadows with the beautiful red colour. (Adonis blood). Iris: The flower got its name from the Greek goddess Iris, goddess of the rainbow. -
The Greek Heroes
Conditions and Terms of Use Copyright © Heritage History 2009 PREFACE Some rights reserved My Dear Children, This text was produced and distributed by Heritage History, an organization dedicated to the preservation of classical juvenile history books, and to the Some of you have already heard of the old Greeks; and promotion of the works of traditional history authors. all of you, as you grow up, will hear more and more of them. The books which Heritage History republishes are in the public domain and Those of you who are boys will, perhaps, spend a great deal of are no longer protected by the original copyright. They may therefore be reproduced time in reading Greek books; and the girls, though they may not within the United States without paying a royalty to the author. learn Greek, will be sure to come across a great many stories taken from Greek history, and to see, I may say every day, things The text and pictures used to produce this version of the work, however, are which we should not have had if it had not been for these old the property of Heritage History and are licensed to individual users with some restrictions. These restrictions are imposed for the purpose of protecting the integrity Greeks. You can hardly find a well-written book which has not of the work itself, for preventing plagiarism, and for helping to assure that in it Greek names, and words, and proverbs; you cannot walk compromised or incomplete versions of the work are not widely disseminated. through a great town without passing Greek buildings; you cannot go into a well-furnished room without seeing Greek In order to preserve information regarding the origin of this text, a copyright statues and ornaments, even Greek patterns of furniture and by the author, and a Heritage History distribution date are included at the foot of every page of text. -
MYTHOLOGY – ALL LEVELS Ohio Junior Classical League – 2012 1
MYTHOLOGY – ALL LEVELS Ohio Junior Classical League – 2012 1. This son of Zeus was the builder of the palaces on Mt. Olympus and the maker of Achilles’ armor. a. Apollo b. Dionysus c. Hephaestus d. Hermes 2. She was the first wife of Heracles; unfortunately, she was killed by Heracles in a fit of madness. a. Aethra b. Evadne c. Megara d. Penelope 3. He grew up as a fisherman and won fame for himself by slaying Medusa. a. Amphitryon b. Electryon c. Heracles d. Perseus 4. This girl was transformed into a sunflower after she was rejected by the Sun god. a. Arachne b. Clytie c. Leucothoe d. Myrrha 5. According to Hesiod, he was NOT a son of Cronus and Rhea. a. Brontes b. Hades c. Poseidon d. Zeus 6. He chose to die young but with great glory as opposed to dying in old age with no glory. a. Achilles b. Heracles c. Jason d. Perseus 7. This queen of the gods is often depicted as a jealous wife. a. Demeter b. Hera c. Hestia d. Thetis 8. This ruler of the Underworld had the least extra-marital affairs among the three brothers. a. Aeacus b. Hades c. Minos d. Rhadamanthys 9. He imprisoned his daughter because a prophesy said that her son would become his killer. a. Acrisius b. Heracles c. Perseus d. Theseus 10. He fled burning Troy on the shoulder of his son. a. Anchises b. Dardanus c. Laomedon d. Priam 11. He poked his eyes out after learning that he had married his own mother. -
The Common Wine Cult of Christ and the Orphic Dionysos: the Wine and Vegetation Saviour Deity Dionysos As Model for the Dying and Rising Christ
REL 4990, MA thesis. Culture and Ideas, History of Religion. Autumn 2010. Maritha E. Gebhardt. Page: 1 The common wine cult of Christ and the Orphic Dionysos: the wine and vegetation saviour deity Dionysos as model for the dying and rising Christ. MA Thesis, Master's Programme in Culture and Ideas, History of Religion, Department of Culture and Oriental Languages, Autumn 2010, by Maritha Elin Gebhardt. Synopsis: In 2005 the Hebrew University Excavation Project unearthed a small incense burner from the fourth century C.E. in the Jewish capital of the Galilee, Sepphoris, depicting a crucified figure, Bacchic satyrs and maenads, and the Christian representation of the sacrifice of Isaac in symbolic form as a ram caught in the thicket of a bush. Five years later the book Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, by Herrero de Jáuregui, refers to two large funerary cloths, one depicts a Dionysiac scene similar to the murals from the Villa dei Misteri and the other one show scenes from the life of Jesus and Mary, both found in the same tomb in Egypt. Both of these depictions testify to the continued syncretism of the Orphic and the Christian symbols and that people in the Hellenistic era found the figure of Christ similar to the Bacchic Orpheus. In my thesis I claim that the dying and rising saviour deity of Dionysos is the forerunner to the dying and rising saviour deity of Christ. I claim that I will prove this by showing that the cult of Christ is a wine cult. The epiphany of Jesus was as a human guest at a party, turning water into wine at the wedding-feast at Cana in John 2:1-11, likewise the epiphany of the wine-god Dionysos is in a similar scene as the Cana-miracle, where he turns water into wine (Achilleus Tatius' De Leucippes et Clitophontis amoribus 2.2:1-2.3:1). -
The Myth of the War of the Seven and Pausanias’ Educational Topography*
THE MYTH OF THE WAR OF THE SEVEN AND PAUSANIAS’ EDUCATIONAL TOPOGRAPHY* Andrej Yu. MOZHAJSKY The article examines the monuments of Thebes mentioned by Pausanias and related to the story of Seven against Thebes. It is claimed that these monuments were a part of the local educational practice, which reflected the Theban mythical history and fostered patriotism. Most of the monuments were located near the gates of the Kadmeia (at a distance of up to 260 m) and formed a close circle of monuments. In some cases, the monuments formed a far circle (at a distance of 300 to 500–960 m from the gates). The first of the mon- uments considered is the monument associated with Amphiaraos. Regarding the place where the earth swallowed Amphiaraos, there exist two traditions, namely the “Theban” and the “Tanagrian” ones. It is hypothesized that the “Tanagrian” tradition was adapted by the residents of Oropos and, thus, reflected in Euripides’ tragedy The Phoenician Women. The educational topography of Pausanias shows that the “Theban” version is consistent with the text of Aischylos’ tragedy Seven against Thebes, while the “Tanagrian” version is con- sistent with the text of The Phoenician Women by Euripides. The lo- cation of the tombs of Melanippos and Tydeus near the Proitides gates also corresponds to the tradition captured by Aischylos, which presumably reflects the local, or “Theban”, version of the myth. Through Pausanias’ educational topography, the connection of the figure of Kapaneus with the Elektrai Gates and the walls of Thebes is emphasized, which is confirmed by the evidence of material culture. -
1999 Texas State Certamen -- Round One, Novice Level
1999 TEXAS STATE CERTAMEN -- ROUND ONE, NOVICE LEVEL TU #1: What is the Latin term for the wax busts of ancestors that were displayed at funerals? IMAGINES B1: Where were these imagines kept? ALAE (ALCOVES OFF THE ATRIUM) B2: What was a cenotaphium? EMPTY TOMB ( ERECTED IF A BODY CAN NOT BE RECOVERED FOR BURIAL) TU #2: Give the second person plural, present active indicative for portÇ, port~re. POR}TIS B1: Change port~tis to singular. PORT}S B2: Change port~s to the future tense. PORT}BIS TU #3: Who waited patiently for twenty years for her husband to return from the Trojan War? PENELOPE B1: Who was this husband who spent so long returning from Troy? ODYSSEUS B2: Who was their son who also waited for his father? TELEMACHUS TU #4: What is the basic meaning of the Latin word verbum? WORD B1: Make the adjective ~cer agree with verbum. }CRE B2: Change verbum ~cre to plural. VERBA }CRIA TU #5: Who was abandoned as a baby after his ankles were pierced? OEDIPUS B1: Who was his mother by birth? JOCASTA/EPICASTA B2: Who was his father by birth? LAIUS TU #6: Into what case do indirect objects go? DATIVE B1: Into what case do most direct object go? ACCUSATIVE B2: What case is used to show place to which? ACCUSATIVE TU #7: Listen to the following passage, which I will read twice and then answer, in Latin, the question which follows: Iulia et Marcia erat sorÇrs quae sedbant sub arbore et carmina cant~bant. Tum qu§nque cans sub arborem vnrunt et frÇciter latr~vrunt. -
Robert Graves the White Goddess
ROBERT GRAVES THE WHITE GODDESS IN DEDICATION All saints revile her, and all sober men Ruled by the God Apollo's golden mean— In scorn of which I sailed to find her In distant regions likeliest to hold her Whom I desired above all things to know, Sister of the mirage and echo. It was a virtue not to stay, To go my headstrong and heroic way Seeking her out at the volcano's head, Among pack ice, or where the track had faded Beyond the cavern of the seven sleepers: Whose broad high brow was white as any leper's, Whose eyes were blue, with rowan-berry lips, With hair curled honey-coloured to white hips. Green sap of Spring in the young wood a-stir Will celebrate the Mountain Mother, And every song-bird shout awhile for her; But I am gifted, even in November Rawest of seasons, with so huge a sense Of her nakedly worn magnificence I forget cruelty and past betrayal, Careless of where the next bright bolt may fall. FOREWORD am grateful to Philip and Sally Graves, Christopher Hawkes, John Knittel, Valentin Iremonger, Max Mallowan, E. M. Parr, Joshua IPodro, Lynette Roberts, Martin Seymour-Smith, John Heath-Stubbs and numerous correspondents, who have supplied me with source- material for this book: and to Kenneth Gay who has helped me to arrange it. Yet since the first edition appeared in 1946, no expert in ancient Irish or Welsh has offered me the least help in refining my argument, or pointed out any of the errors which are bound to have crept into the text, or even acknowledged my letters. -
The Enduring Myths of Ancient Greece
NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES • VOLUME 5 NUMBER 1 • FEBRUARY 1984 Humanities The Enduring Myths of Ancient Greece The European Renaissance, through throughout because the purpose its rediscovery of the Greek (and was in the main preparation for many of the Latin) classics, estab modern literature; theories of myth, lished for the generations that fol its origins and functions were not lowed a common cultural back the prime concern. This is of course ground for secular literature and no longer the case; mythology as a art: the rich and varied mythology humanistic subject of study is now of ancient Greece. Its themes be concerned at least as much with came familiar not only to those theory as with content. The change who read the Greek classics in the has come about because of develop original but also to a larger audi ments in other fields. Previously ence who knew them through the unknown mythologies, those of medium of the Latin poets and to preliterate peoples, have been re still greater numbers who read corded and investigated by field an avidly the work of the great transla thropologists; archaeologists work tors of the period—Chapman, San- ing in the Middle East have dug up dys, Dryden, to mention only those and deciphered documents that writing in English. Until fairly late revealed forgotten mythologies— in the nineteenth century, a Euro Babylonian, Hittite, Ugaritic; folk pean writer or painter could count lorists have collected the oral nar on recognition of Greek mytholog rative traditions of shepherds and ical themes; Shakespeare, Milton, peasants. A wealth of comparative Pope, Keats, Browning and Tenny material, most of it not literary but son, like Tiepolo, Titian and Pous living and functioning in society, sin, could take for granted an audi has become available for compara ence familiar with the classical gods tive study. -
A Dictionary of Mythology —
Ex-libris Ernest Rudge 22500629148 CASSELL’S POCKET REFERENCE LIBRARY A Dictionary of Mythology — Cassell’s Pocket Reference Library The first Six Volumes are : English Dictionary Poetical Quotations Proverbs and Maxims Dictionary of Mythology Gazetteer of the British Isles The Pocket Doctor Others are in active preparation In two Bindings—Cloth and Leather A DICTIONARY MYTHOLOGYOF BEING A CONCISE GUIDE TO THE MYTHS OF GREECE AND ROME, BABYLONIA, EGYPT, AMERICA, SCANDINAVIA, & GREAT BRITAIN BY LEWIS SPENCE, M.A. Author of “ The Mythologies of Ancient Mexico and Peru,” etc. i CASSELL AND COMPANY, LTD. London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne 1910 ca') zz-^y . a k. WELLCOME INS77Tint \ LIBRARY Coll. W^iMOmeo Coll. No. _Zv_^ _ii ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INTRODUCTION Our grandfathers regarded the study of mythology as a necessary adjunct to a polite education, without a knowledge of which neither the classical nor the more modem poets could be read with understanding. But it is now recognised that upon mythology and folklore rests the basis of the new science of Comparative Religion. The evolution of religion from mythology has now been made plain. It is a law of evolution that, though the parent types which precede certain forms are doomed to perish, they yet bequeath to their descendants certain of their characteristics ; and although mythology has perished (in the civilised world, at least), it has left an indelible stamp not only upon modem religions, but also upon local and national custom. The work of Fruger, Lang, Immerwahr, and others has revolutionised mythology, and has evolved from the unexplained mass of tales of forty years ago a definite and systematic science. -
Every Attempt Has Been Made to Replicate the Original As Printed. No Attempt Has Been Made to Correct Or Normalize the Spelling of Non-English Words
Every attempt has been made to replicate the original as printed. No attempt has been made to correct or normalize the spelling of non-English words. Some typographical errors have been corrected; a list follows the text. CONTENTS Dictionary: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, X, Z A List of Common Abbreviations of Words Used in Writing and Printing.: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y. (etext transcriber's note) C A R L E T O N’S CONDENSED CLASSICAL DICTIONARY. BEING BRIEF BUT SUCCINCT INFORMATION CONCERNING THE PROMINENT NAMES IN CLASSICAL HISTORY AND MYTHOLOGY, TOGETHER WITH THE MOST CONSPICUOUS INCIDENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THEM. CAREFULLY PREPARED AND EDITED BY GEORGE W. CARLETON, AUTHOR OF “OUR ARTIST IN CUBA, PERU, ALGIERS AND SPAIN.” “Knowledge is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves, or we know where we can find information upon it.”—Boswell’s Life of Johnson. NEW YORK Copyright, 1882, by G. W. Carleton & Co., Publishers. M A D I S O N S Q U A R E. MDCCCLXXXII. C A R L E T O N’S CONDENSED C L A S S I C A L D I C T I O N A R Y. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, X, Z Aby´dos. A city of Asia opposite Sestos in Europe. -
HARVARD CHS FELLOW 2014-2015 [email protected] HOUR 25: a COMPANION PROJECT to HEROES X 05/07/2015
MARIA G. XANTHOU HARVARD CHS FELLOW 2014-2015 [email protected] HOUR 25: A COMPANION PROJECT TO HEROES X 05/07/2015 MOTHERS OF HEROES AND MONSTERS: ALTHAEA AND CALLIRHOE I. ALTHAEA, MOTHER OF MELEAGROS 1. Il. 9.538-580 “Thereat the Archer-goddess, the child of Zeus, waxed “ἣ δὲ χολωσαµένη δῖον γένος ἰοχέαιρα wroth and sent against him a fierce wild boar, white of ὦρσεν ἔπι χλούνην σῦν ἄγριον ἀργιόδοντα, tusk, [540] that wrought much evil, wasting1 the orchard 540 ὃς κακὰ πόλλ᾽ ἕρδεσκεν ἔθων Οἰνῆος ἀλωήν: land of Oeneus; many a tall tree did he uproot and cast πολλὰ δ᾽ ὅ γε προθέλυµνα χαµαὶ βάλε δένδρεα µακρὰ upon the ground, aye, root and apple blossom therewith. αὐτῇσιν ῥίζῃσι καὶ αὐτοῖς ἄνθεσι µήλων. But the boar did Meleager, son of Oeneus, slay, when τὸν δ᾽ υἱὸς Οἰνῆος ἀπέκτεινεν Μελέαγρος he had gathered out of many cities huntsmen [545] πολλέων ἐκ πολίων θηρήτορας ἄνδρας ἀγείρας and hounds; for not of few men could the boar have 545 καὶ κύνας: οὐ µὲν γάρ κε δάµη παύροισι βροτοῖσι: been slain, so huge was he; and many a man set he τόσσος ἔην, πολλοὺς δὲ πυρῆς ἐπέβησ᾽ ἀλεγεινῆς. upon the grievous pyre. But about his body the ἣ δ᾽ ἀµφ᾽ αὐτῷ θῆκε πολὺν κέλαδον καὶ ἀϋτὴν goddess brought to pass much clamour and shouting ἀµφὶ συὸς κεφαλῇ καὶ δέρµατι λαχνήεντι, concerning his head and shaggy hide, between the Κουρήτων τε µεσηγὺ καὶ Αἰτωλῶν µεγαθύµων. Curetes and the great-souled Aetolians. [550] Now so 550 ὄφρα µὲν οὖν Μελέαγρος ἄρηι φίλος πολέµιζε, long as Meleager, dear to Ares, warred, so long went τόφρα δὲ Κουρήτεσσι κακῶς ἦν, οὐδὲ δύναντο it ill with the Curetes, nor might they abide without τείχεος ἔκτοσθεν µίµνειν πολέες περ ἐόντες: their wall, for all they were very many. -
Bulfinch's Mythology
Bulfinch's Mythology Thomas Bulfinch Bulfinch's Mythology Table of Contents Bulfinch's Mythology..........................................................................................................................................1 Thomas Bulfinch......................................................................................................................................1 PUBLISHERS' PREFACE......................................................................................................................3 AUTHOR'S PREFACE...........................................................................................................................4 STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES..................................................................................................................7 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................7 CHAPTER II. PROMETHEUS AND PANDORA...............................................................................13 CHAPTER III. APOLLO AND DAPHNEPYRAMUS AND THISBE CEPHALUS AND PROCRIS7 CHAPTER IV. JUNO AND HER RIVALS, IO AND CALLISTODIANA AND ACTAEONLATONA2 AND THE RUSTICS CHAPTER V. PHAETON.....................................................................................................................27 CHAPTER VI. MIDASBAUCIS AND PHILEMON........................................................................31 CHAPTER VII. PROSERPINEGLAUCUS AND SCYLLA............................................................34