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Integrated Security and Development Simulation Assessment for Counterinsurgency Operations: Is Urbansim an Effective Training Tool for Junior U.S

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Integrated Security and Development Simulation Assessment for Counterinsurgency Operations: Is Urbansim an Effective Training Tool for Junior U.S University of Central Florida STARS Institute for Simulation and Training Digital Collections 1-1-2013 Integrated Security And Development Simulation Assessment For Counterinsurgency Operations: Is Urbansim An Effective Training Tool For Junior U.S. Army Officers? Greg Sandifer Alex Vershinin Frank Weiland Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/istlibrary University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Research Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Digital Collections at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Institute for Simulation and Training by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Sandifer, Greg; Vershinin, Alex; and Weiland, Frank, "Integrated Security And Development Simulation Assessment For Counterinsurgency Operations: Is Urbansim An Effective Training Tool For Junior U.S. Army Officers?" (2013). Institute for Simulation and Training. 122. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/istlibrary/122 INSTITUTE FOR SIMULATION & TRAINING H Integrated Security and Development Simulation Assessment for Counterinsurgency Operations: Is UrbanSim an Effective Training Tool for Junior U.S. Army Officers? MAJ Greg Sandifer B.A. The Citadel 2002 MAJ Alex Vershinin B.A. Miami University 2002 MAJ W. Frank Weiland B.S. Liberty University 1996 A capstone report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Modeling and Simulation in the College of Graduate Studies IST-TR-2013-1 May 2013 Institute for Simulation and Training 3280 Progress Drive Orlando, FL 32826 ABSTRACT Based on the current and recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, there is a strong need to train junior officers on COIN operations, to include security and development. This involves training to increase knowledge as well as to develop critical decision-making and analytical skills. UrbanSim is a serious game that has been developed recently to meet this need. UrbanSim’s original intent was to train Battalion commanders; however, it can also be of great benefit to train junior officers. UrbanSim trains users by utilizing specific training scenarios based on real-world situations faced by military leaders deployed to COIN environments. Research and experimental results from this study show that UrbanSim can improve the COIN knowledge and decision-making and analytical skills of junior Army officers beyond what is currently being taught at the Maneuver Captain’s Career Course (MCCC). In addition, the junior officers in this study recommended that UrbanSim be implemented Army-wide to train junior officers at the company and battalion level. If this is done, it will help junior officers in the U.S. Army to be better prepared for current and future conflicts in COIN environments The following hypothesis was developed, tested, and accepted as a result of the research for this thesis: H:O = The use of UrbanSim does not improve company grade officers’ application of counterinsurgency skills, to include security and development, above that of the standard Program of Instruction (POI) currently being used at the U.S. Army Maneuver Captain’s Career Course. To conduct this experiment, forty participants from the Maneuver Captains Career Course were selected to test UrbanSim. A Situational Judgment Test was used to test for improvements in COIN application and results were tested with a Students T-Test and ANOVA. Additionally a short answer questionnaires and After Action Reviews were conducted to measure qualitative input. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. iii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 Problem Statement ................................................................................................................. 1 Proposed Solution .................................................................................................................. 1 Hypothesis ............................................................................................................................. 1 Targeted Audience ................................................................................................................. 1 The Use of UrbanSim to Train Junior Officers ..................................................................... 2 Use of Serious Gaming .......................................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER 2: Problem Statement for Coordination of Development and Security Operations in a COIN Environment ..................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4 Historical Background ............................................................................................................. 4 Historical Examples of Effective Combination of Development and Security Operations ..... 5 Changes in Army Culture and Shifts in Economic and Social Factors ................................. 7 Historical examples of failed combinations of development and security operations ..........10 Differences in Organizational Cultures of the Civilian and Military Involved in COIN Operations ..............................................................................................................................................14 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................16 CHAPTER 3: The Conceptual Solution to the COIN Problem ...................................................17 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................17 Developmental Theory .......................................................................................................19 Development Aspect to COIN Operations .............................................................................19 Economic vs. Quality of Life Projects .................................................................................19 Large vs. Small Projects ....................................................................................................20 Impact vs. Prestige ............................................................................................................20 Maintenance and Securing Local "Buy In" ..........................................................................21 iii Projects by Type ................................................................................................................22 Security Theory .....................................................................................................................25 Host Nation’s Forces ..........................................................................................................25 Offensive Operations .........................................................................................................26 Defensive Operations ........................................................................................................28 Integration of Security and Development in a Typical COIN Campaign .................................30 Shape ................................................................................................................................30 Clear ..................................................................................................................................32 Hold ...................................................................................................................................34 Build ...................................................................................................................................35 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................36 CHAPTER 4: Research on the Use of UrbanSim to Conduct Training in Integrating Security and Development. .....................................................................................................................37 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................37 UrbanSim ..............................................................................................................................37 Software background .........................................................................................................37 UrbanSim as a Tool for Integrating Security and Development ..........................................39 Overall Assessment of UrbanSim to Train
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