Procedures for Blasting
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Overview of Underground Mining Business
IR-DAY2018 1 Komatsu IR-DAY 2018 Overview of Underground mining business September 14th, 2018 Masayuki Moriyama Senior Executive Officer President, Mining Business Division Chairman, Komatsu Mining Corp. IR-DAY2018 Various Mineral Resources 2 • Mineral resources are generated through several geologic effects. • Coal is usually categorized as Soft Rock, while other minerals such as Ferrous and Non-Ferrous are called as Hard Rock. # Generation of deposits Major Mineral Resources Platinum, Chromium, Magmatic deposit Titanium, Magnetite Generated Hard Igneous ① from Rock rock Magma Gold, Copper, Silver, Lead, Zinc, Hydrothermal Tin, Tungsten, deposit Molybdenum, Uranium Sedimentation/Weathering/ Erosion Sedime Hematite, Nickel, ② ntary Boxite, Lithium, etc rock Geothermal effect/Crustal rising Soft Rock *1 ③ Coal - ※1 Coal is not defined as “rock” in geological respect. Generation process of IR-DAY2018 Mineral Resources (1/2) 3 • Minerals derived from magma were generated in the depths of underground. 1) In case deposits exist beneath and relatively near from ground level, Open Pit Mining/Strip Mining methods are adopted. 2) In case deposits exist in the depths below geological formations, Underground Mining methods are adopted. 3) Open pit mines might shift to underground methods as they get deeper. 1.Magmatic deposit 2.Hydrothermal deposit 1) Typical minerals: 1) Typical minerals: Platinum, Chromium, Titanium, Gold, Copper, Silver, Lead, Zinc, Tin, Magnetite, etc. Tungsten, Molybdenum, Uranium, etc. 2) Generation process 2) Generation process ・In case Magma is slowly cooled, ・Hydrothermal mineral solution melted metal sulfide (containing Platinum, (containing metal elements) had been Chromium, Titanium or others) had been pushed up by high vapor pressure, separated and concentrated by specific precipitated and filled chasms in and gravity and generated deposit. -
Zehr 10781508.Pdf (2.926Mb)
SYMPATHETIC DETONATIQ IN LONG BORE HOLES Norman R. Zehr ProQuest Number: 10781508 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10781508 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 A thesis submitted to the Faculty and Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Signed * Norman R. Zehr Golden, Colorado Date £Tovn«_ 6_____ 1955 App^oyjM L . J-l Parkinson Head, Mining Department Golden, Colorado Date . 1955 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express his sincere ap preciation to those students of the Colorado School of Mines who assisted in the experimental work, and in particular to thank the following persons: Professor G. T. Bator of the Mining Department of the Colorado School of Mines. Professor E. G. Fisher of the English Department of the Colorado School of Mines, My wife, Irma, who assisted in the preparation of the manuscript. CONTENTS Abstract .... ............ Introduction ................. Location of Experiments . Equipment and Materials , Equipment . ... Materials ........ Basic Concepts .............. -
Drill and Blast Tunneling Practices
Drill and Blast Tunneling Practices Gerhard Girmscheid1 and Cliff Schexnayder, F.ASCE2 Abstract: High-performance drill and blast methods for tunnel construction require that each of the individual working elements that constitute the construction process are optimized and considered as a system of sequential and parallel activities. The advantage of integrating the logistic backup systems facilitates an increase in performance. To achieve increased production, it is necessary to improve the drilling, explosive loading, temporary ground support installation—rock bolts, steel mesh, shotcrete, steel sets, lagging, mucking, and logistics. Better blast techniques, partial robotilization, and integration of all systems and processes is also necessary. DOI: 10.1061/͑ASCE͒1084-0680͑2002͒7:3͑125͒ CE Database keywords: Drilling; Blast; Tunnel Construction. Introduction due to the use of standard equipment. Compared with TBM tech- Tunneling, especially tunnel excavation by tunnel boring ma- nology, the performance ͑rate of advance͒ for drill and blast ex- chines ͑TBMs͒ has increased in the last three decades. Twenty- cavation is lower in most cases. The total labor cost for drill and five years ago, the question was, ‘‘Can the tunnel be excavated by blast tunneling is high, but the total investment cost is less as TBM?’’ Today the question has become, ‘‘Can you afford not to compared with use of a TBM. excavate with a TBM?’’ Therefore, when a project is being ana- This can be summarized as follows: Based on research at the lyzed the drill and blast-tunneling method is in intensive eco- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, TBM technology shows an nomic competition with TBM tunneling. excellent cost efficiency in the case of tunnels longer than ap- In principle the TBM method ͑Table 1͒ is a highly mechanized proximately three kilometers. -
Chapter 3: Construction Methods and Activities
Chapter 3: Construction Methods and Activities 3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter describes the construction methods and activities for the Hudson Tunnel Project’s Preferred Alternative. The Preferred Alternative has two overarching components: (1) the construction of a new trans-Hudson tunnel (the Hudson River Tunnel) and associated surface and rail system improvements; and (2) the rehabilitation of the existing North River Tunnel. To ensure that the passenger rail system continues to operate at existing service levels during construction, the new tunnel would be constructed and put into operation before the rehabilitation of the North River Tunnel occurs. The Project Sponsor that will advance the Project through final design and construction, including compliance with mitigation measures, has not yet been identified. The Project Sponsor may include one or more of the Port Authority of New York & New Jersey (PANYNJ), the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak), New Jersey Transit Corporation (NJ TRANSIT), and/or another entity that has not yet been determined. This chapter provides an overview of the likely construction methods that would be used for the Preferred Alternative, a discussion of locations where construction would occur, and a description of the potential sequencing and schedule for construction. For the new Hudson River Tunnel, this includes construction of surface tracks in New Jersey from Secaucus to the new tunnel portal in North Bergen; a new tunnel consisting of two tracks in two separate tubes beneath the Palisades, the Hudson River, and the waterfront area in Manhattan; and track modifications near Penn Station New York (PSNY) in Manhattan; and construction of ventilation shafts and fan plants in both Hoboken and Manhattan.1 The rehabilitation of the North River Tunnel includes conventional demolition and construction methods to replace tunnel elements and rail systems. -
DO NOT CIRCUWTE ~ I (L)
LA-6711-MS Informal Report Special Distribution =. Issued: February 1977 4- / .. -<. —.-. : Ca ● “> Hazard Classification Test of Mixed-Load 30-mm GAU-8 Ammunition I by Bonfire Cookoff and Sympathetic Detonation Testing by J. C. Elder M. 1. Tillery H. J. Ettinger r 1 DO NOT CIRCUWTE ~ —r I I PERMANENT RETENTION REQUIREDBY CONTRACT : L — ..- 10s(l) adar scientific la b-r ‘ w 1“ of the University of Califc,’t.. LOS AL AMOS, NEW ME XIC~ q7’Q~ J- II An Affirmative Action/Equal Oppo I P“-”-”~ uNITED STATES ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION CONTRACT W.7405-ENG. 36 This work was supported by the US Air Force Armament Laboratory (AFATL), Eglin AFB, Florida, under the US Energy Research and Development Administration Reimbursable Project R441. -. ,3: F.%::,Y:*:S”G:C::::;,:EZ: nor IIK ltnitrd S1. !rII Knems %se. r.h ●nd l)Iw-I. mat Ad. ml.i.t..ti. m.nor . of Ih.lt ernpl.wx.s. nor .m. OR,., .. lrwtw.. .ubmntr..lor.. w tht.lr ,m,lowes. rn.ka am, w.rr..l*. .. P.... or implitd . ..meb .nv Icc.1 li.h81i@b or mmn. tihilsls. r.r th. .-U-C*. convleten”.. or umefulm-. of ..,. I. f.rm.t,,,..,.pp. r.tu., pmdw. or prm-a. dlwlacd. or WV.*W th.1 II* usc w..M no! in fti. m DAMA owned riaht.. HAZARD CLASSIFICATION TEST OF MIXED-LOAD 30-mm GAU-8 AMMUNITION BY BONFIRE COOKOFF AND SYMPATHETIC DETONATION TESTING by J. C. Elder, M. I. TMery, and H. J. Ettinger Industrial Hygiene Group Health “Division Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory University of California Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 ABSTRACT A hazard classification test of mixed-load (high explosive and armor- - l_ piercing) 30-mm GAU-8 ammu&ion was performed in October, 1976, for the ecJJ U.S. -
Special Tunnel Blasting Techniques for Railway Projects
19 Special Tunnel Blasting Techniques for Railway Projects More Ramulu Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Nagpur, India 1. Introduction Excavations of tunnels are common features in mining and civil engineering projects. In absence of initial free face, solid blasting method is employed for excavation of tunnels, drifts and mine roadways, which have many similarities in configurations and in different cycles of operation followed during excavation. A greater proportion of world's annual tunnel advance is still achieved by drilling and blasting. In spite of inherent disadvantages of damaging the rock mass, drilling and blasting has an unmatched degree of flexibility and can overcome the limitations of machine excavations by Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) or road headers. In spite of no major technical breakthrough, the advantages like low investment, availability of cheap chemical energy in the form of explosives, easy acceptability to the practicing engineers, the least depreciation and wide versatility have collectively made the drilling and blasting technique prevail so far over the mechanical excavation methods. Since tunnels of different sizes and shapes are excavated in various rock mass conditions, appropriate blast design including drilling pattern, quantity and type of explosive, initiation sequence is essential to achieve a good advance rate causing minimal damage to the surrounding rock mass. The cost and time benefit of the excavation are mostly decided by the rate of advance and undesired damage. Excavation of tunnels, except in geologically disturbed rock mass conditions, is preferred with full face blasting. It is common to excavate large tunnels of 80-90 m2 cross-section in sound rock masses by full face in a single round. -
Engineering Geology Field Manual
Chapter 19 BLAST DESIGN Introduction This chapter is an introduction to blasting techniques based primarily on the Explosives and Blasting Procedures Manual (Dick et al., 1987) and the Blaster’s Handbook (E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., 1978). Blast design is not a precise science. Because of widely varying properties of rock, geologic structure, and explo- sives, design of a blasting program requires field testing. Tradeoffs frequently must be made when designing the best blast for a given geologic situation. This chapter provides the fundamental concepts of blast design. These concepts are useful as a first approximation for blast design and also in troubleshooting the cause of a bad blast. Field testing is the best tool to refine individual blast designs. Throughout the blast design process, two overriding prin- ciples must be kept in mind: (1) Explosives function best when there is a free face approximately parallel to the explosive column at the time of detonation. (2) There must be adequate space for the broken rock to move and expand. Excessive confinement of explosives is the leading cause of poor blasting results such as backbreak, ground vibrations, airblast, unbroken toe, flyrock, and poor fragmentation. Properties and Geology of the Rock Mass The rock mass properties are the single most critical variable affecting the design and results of a blast. The FIELD MANUAL rock properties are very qualitative and cannot be suffi- ciently quantified numerically when applied to blast design. Rock properties often vary greatly from one end of a construction job to another. Explosive selection, blast design, and delay pattern must consider the specific rock mass being blasted. -
Rock Excavation
University of rizona Mining and Geological Engineering 415 - Rock Excavation Course Notes – Spring 2003 Module 1-5 Compiled by: Dr. Sean Dessureault MGE 415 – Rock Excavation 2004 Table of Contents MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES I .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 GEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN ROCK EXCAVATION ......................................................................... 1 1.2.1 Minerals and Rocks .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2.2 The properties of rocks ............................................................................................................. 3 1.2.3 Rock classification.................................................................................................................... 6 1.2.4 Rock Strength............................................................................................................................ 8 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES II............................................................................................................... 16 1.3 ROCK BREAKING PROCESSES...................................................................................................... -
EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) Terminology Ammunition A
EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) Terminology Ammunition A complete device charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in military operations, including demolitions. [AAP-6] Note: In common usage, ‘munitions’ (plural) can be military weapons, ammunition and equipment. Anti-Personnel Mines A mine designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person and that will incapacitate, injure or kill one or more persons. Note: Mines designed to be detonated by the presence, proximity or contact of a vehicle as opposed to a person that are equipped with anti-handling devices, are not considered APM as a result of being so equipped. [APMBC] Alternative Disposal Techniques Explosive engineering techniques developed to facilitate Conventional Munition Disposal (CMD) without necessarily resorting to high order detonation in the first instance. Battle Area Clearance Battle Area Clearance (BAC) is the systematic and controlled clearance of hazardous areas where the hazards are known not to include mines Blind Explosive ordnance which has been primed, fuzed, armed, initiated or otherwise prepared for action, and which has been dropped, fired, launched, projected, or placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to personnel or material and remains unexploded either by malfunction or design, or for any other cause. Booby Trap An explosive, or non-explosive device, deliberately hidden with the intent of causing casualties when an apparently harmless object is disturbed or a normally safe act is performed. Brissance The shattering effect shown by a detonating explosive to an adjacent non-explosive material. Burning The propagation of an exothermic reaction through an explosive material. -
Explosives and Blasting Procedures Manual
Information Circular 8925 Explosives and Blasting Procedures Manual By Richard A. Dick, Larry R. Fletcher, and Dennis V. D'Andrea US Department of Interior Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement Kenneth K. Eltschlager Mining/Blasting Engineer 3 Parkway Center Pittsburgh, PA 15220 Phone 412.937.2169 Fax 412.937.3012 [email protected] UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR James G. Watt, Secretary BUREAU OF MINES Robert C. Horton, Director As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water re• sources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests of all our people. The Department also has a major re· sponsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in Island Territories under U.S. administration. This publication has been cataloged as follows: Dick, Richard A Explosives and blasting procedures manual, (Bureau of Mines Information circular ; 8925) Supt. of Docs. no.: I 28.27:8925. 1. Blasting-Handbooks, manuals, etc, 2. Explosives-Haodbooks, manuals, etc, I. Fletcher, Larry R. II. D'Andrea, Dennis V. Ill, Title, IV. Series: Information circular (United States, Bureau of Mines) ; 8925, TN295,U4 [TN279] 622s [622'.23] 82·600353 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. -
Insensitive Munitions Technology Development
PROBLEMS OF MECHATRONICS ARMAMENT , AVIATION , SAFETY ENGINEERING ISSN 2081-5891 5, 4 (18), 2014, 7-20 Insensitive Munitions Technology Development Ernest L. BAKER *, Anthony R. Di STASIO US Army ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000 USA *corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received September 5, 2014. Final manuscript received February 5, 2015 DOI: 10.5604/20815891.1138359 Abstract. The concept of Insensitive Munitions, or IM, is not new; the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has been working to improve the safety of munitions since their inception. The first NATO standard on IM, STANAG 4439: Policy for Introduction and Assessment of IM, was published for ratification in 1995 and was ratified in 1998. U.S. Congress passed the „Insensitive Munitions law” in 2001 that specifically requires „The Secretary of Defense [to] ensure, to the extent practicable, that insensitive munitions under deployment or procurement are safe throughout development and fielding when subject to unplanned stimuli”. These unplanned stimuli take the form of rapid or slow heating events, such as a fuel fire on a vehicle or aircraft, or an adjacent fire in a vehicle or storage magazine; impact by fragment or bullets due to shrapnel from nearby explosions or small arms fire from combat or terrorist events; sympathetic reaction due to the detonation of adjacent munitions; and shaped charge jet attack from rocket- propelled grenade or similar weapons used by enemy and friendly forces. In 2007, U.S. DoD focused its efforts on developing joint solutions through a centrally managed IM technology program: the Joint IM Technology Program (JIMTP). -
Default Classification of Conical Shaped Charges
Default Classification of Conical Shaped Charges Final Summary Task Order Report Phase 2 DTPH5616D00001/DTPH5617F00019 (TO#0001) SwRI® Contract Number 01-77494 SwRI® Project Number 22978 Prepared by: Carl Weiss, M.S. Keith A. Friedman, Ph.D. Jimell Erwin, Ph.D. Prepared for: U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) Office of Hazardous Materials Safety Research & Development 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20590 14 June 2019 S O U T H W E S T R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E ® 6 2 2 0 C u l e b r a R o a d P. O. D r a w e r 2 8 5 1 0 S a n A n t o n i o, T e x a s 7 8 2 2 8 - 0 5 1 0 SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE® 6220 CULEBRA ROAD• P.O. DRAWER 28510 SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 78228-0510 Default Classification of Conical Shaped Charges Final Summary Task Order Report Phase 2 DTPH5616D00001/DTPH5617F00019 {TO#0001) SwRI® Contract Number 01-77494 SwRl®.Project Number 22978 Prepared by: Carl Weiss, M.S. Keith A. Friedman, Ph.D. Jimell Erwin, Ph.D. Prepared for: U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) Office of Hazardous Materials Safety Research & Development 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20590 Submitted by: Approved by: Carl Weiss Michael G. MacNaughton, Ph.D., P.E. Manager Vice President Ballistics & Explosives Engineering Section Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Division Engineering Dynamics Department Mechanical Engineering Division TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.