The Continuity Project. Spring/Summer 1998 Report. INSTITUTION Continuity Project, Ossining, NY
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Integrating Stream Parallelism and Task Parallelism in a Dataflow Programming Model
RICE UNIVERSITY Integrating Stream Parallelism and Task Parallelism in a Dataflow Programming Model by Drago¸sDumitru Sb^ırlea A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Approved, Thesis Committee: Vivek Sarkar Professor of Computer Science E.D. Butcher Chair in Engineering Keith D. Cooper L. John and Ann H. Doerr Professor of Computational Engineering Lin Zhong Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Jun Shirako Research Scientist Computer Science Department Houston, Texas September 3rd, 2011 ABSTRACT Integrating Stream Parallelism and Task Parallelism in a Dataflow Programming Model by Drago¸sDumitru Sb^ırlea As multicore computing becomes the norm, exploiting parallelism in applications becomes a requirement for all software. Many applications exhibit different kinds of parallelism, but most parallel programming languages are biased towards a specific paradigm, of which two common ones are task and streaming parallelism. This results in a dilemma for programmers who would prefer to use the same language to exploit different paradigms for different applications. Our thesis is an integration of stream- parallel and task-parallel paradigms can be achieved in a single language with high programmability and high resource efficiency, when a general dataflow programming model is used as the foundation. The dataflow model used in this thesis is Intel's Concurrent Collections (CnC). While CnC is general enough to express both task-parallel and stream-parallel paradigms, all current implementations of CnC use task-based runtime systems that do not de- liver the resource efficiency expected from stream-parallel programs. For streaming programs, this use of a task-based runtime system is wasteful of computing cycles and makes memory management more difficult than it needs to be. -
Advancing Automatic Programming: Regeneration, Meta-Circularity, and Two-Sided Interfaces
SOFTNET 2019 Advancing Automatic Programming: Regeneration, Meta-circularity, and Two-Sided Interfaces HERWIGMANNAERT NOVEMBER 2 7 , 2 0 1 9 • Automatic Programming • Toward Automatic Regeneration • Creating Meta-Circular Regeneration • On Meta-Programming Interfaces ADVANCING AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING • Concluding Facts and Thoughts Overview • Questions and Discussion • Automatic Programming • Concept and Trends • Remaining Challenges • Toward Automatic Regeneration ADVANCING AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING • Creating Meta-Circular Regeneration • On Meta-Programming Interfaces Overview • Concluding Facts and Thoughts • Questions and Discussion Automatic Programming • Automatic programming: • The act of automatically generating source code from a model or template • Sometimes distinguished from code generation, as performed by a compiler • Has always been a euphemism for programming in a higher-level language than was then available to the programmer [David Parnas] • Also referred to a generative or meta-programming • To manufacture software components in an automated way • It is as old as programming itself: System.out.println(“Hello world.”); System.out.println(“System.out.println(\“Hello world.\”);”); The Need for Automatic Programming • Goal is and has always been to improve programmer productivity • In general, to manufacture software components in an automated way, in the same way as automation in the industrial revolution, would: • Increase programming productivity • Consolidate programming knowledge • Eliminate human programming errors • Such -
Knuthweb.Pdf
Literate Programming Donald E. Knuth Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA The author and his associates have been experimenting for the past several years with a program- ming language and documentation system called WEB. This paper presents WEB by example, and discusses why the new system appears to be an improvement over previous ones. I would ordinarily have assigned to student research A. INTRODUCTION assistants; and why? Because it seems to me that at last I’m able to write programs as they should be written. The past ten years have witnessed substantial improve- My programs are not only explained better than ever ments in programming methodology. This advance, before; they also are better programs, because the new carried out under the banner of “structured program- methodology encourages me to do a better job. For ming,” has led to programs that are more reliable and these reasons I am compelled to write this paper, in easier to comprehend; yet the results are not entirely hopes that my experiences will prove to be relevant to satisfactory. My purpose in the present paper is to others. propose another motto that may be appropriate for the I must confess that there may also be a bit of mal- next decade, as we attempt to make further progress ice in my choice of a title. During the 1970s I was in the state of the art. I believe that the time is ripe coerced like everybody else into adopting the ideas of for significantly better documentation of programs, and structured programming, because I couldn’t bear to be that we can best achieve this by considering programs found guilty of writing unstructured programs. -
Programming Pearls: a Literate Program
by jot1 Be~~tley programming with Special Guest Oysters Don Knuth and Doug McIlroy pearls A LITERATE PROGRAM Last month‘s column introduced Don Knuth’s style of frequency; or there might not even be as many as k “Literate Programming” and his WEB system for building words. Let’s be more precise: The most common programs that are works of literature. This column pre- words are to be printed in order of decreasing fre- sents a literate program by Knuth (its origins are sketched quency, with words of equal frequency listed in al- in last month‘s column) and, as befits literature, a review. phabetic order. Printing should stop after k words So without further ado, here is Knuth’s program, have been output, if more than k words are present. retypeset in Communications style. -Jon Bentley 2. The input file is assumed to contain the given Common Words Section text. If it begins with a positive decimal number Introduction.. , . , , . , . , . , , . 1 (preceded by optional blanks), that number will be Strategic considerations . , a the value of k; otherwise we shall assume that Basic input routines . , , . 9 k = 100. Answers will be sent to the output file. Dictionary lookup . , . , . , .17 define default-k = 100 (use this value if k isn’t The frequency counts . .32 otherwise specified) Sortingatrie . ...36 Theendgame................................41 3. Besides solving the given problem, this program is Index . ...42 supposed to be an example of the WEB system, for people who know some Pascal but who have never 1. Introduction. The purpose of this program is to seen WEB before. -
Turing's Influence on Programming — Book Extract from “The Dawn of Software Engineering: from Turing to Dijkstra”
Turing's Influence on Programming | Book extract from \The Dawn of Software Engineering: from Turing to Dijkstra" Edgar G. Daylight∗ Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands [email protected] Abstract Turing's involvement with computer building was popularized in the 1970s and later. Most notable are the books by Brian Randell (1973), Andrew Hodges (1983), and Martin Davis (2000). A central question is whether John von Neumann was influenced by Turing's 1936 paper when he helped build the EDVAC machine, even though he never cited Turing's work. This question remains unsettled up till this day. As remarked by Charles Petzold, one standard history barely mentions Turing, while the other, written by a logician, makes Turing a key player. Contrast these observations then with the fact that Turing's 1936 paper was cited and heavily discussed in 1959 among computer programmers. In 1966, the first Turing award was given to a programmer, not a computer builder, as were several subsequent Turing awards. An historical investigation of Turing's influence on computing, presented here, shows that Turing's 1936 notion of universality became increasingly relevant among programmers during the 1950s. The central thesis of this paper states that Turing's in- fluence was felt more in programming after his death than in computer building during the 1940s. 1 Introduction Many people today are led to believe that Turing is the father of the computer, the father of our digital society, as also the following praise for Martin Davis's bestseller The Universal Computer: The Road from Leibniz to Turing1 suggests: At last, a book about the origin of the computer that goes to the heart of the story: the human struggle for logic and truth. -
Dataflow Programming Model for Reconfigurable Computing Laurent Gantel, Amel Khiar, Benoît Miramond, Mohamed El Amine Benkhelifa, Fabrice Lemonnier, Lounis Kessal
Dataflow Programming Model For Reconfigurable Computing Laurent Gantel, Amel Khiar, Benoît Miramond, Mohamed El Amine Benkhelifa, Fabrice Lemonnier, Lounis Kessal To cite this version: Laurent Gantel, Amel Khiar, Benoît Miramond, Mohamed El Amine Benkhelifa, Fabrice Lemonnier, et al.. Dataflow Programming Model For Reconfigurable Computing. 6th International Workshop on Reconfigurable Communication-centric Systems-on-Chip (ReCoSoC), Jun 2011, Montpellier, France. pp.1-8, 10.1109/ReCoSoC.2011.5981505. hal-00623674 HAL Id: hal-00623674 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00623674 Submitted on 14 Sep 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Dataflow Programming Model For Reconfigurable Computing L. Gantel∗† and A. Khiar∗ and B. Miramond∗ and A. Benkhelifa∗ and F. Lemonnier† and L. Kessal∗ ∗ ETIS Laboratory – UMR CNRS 8051 † Embedded System Lab Universityof Cergy-Pontoise/ ENSEA Thales Research and Technology 6,avenueduPonceau 1,avenueAugustinFresnel 95014 Cergy-Pontoise, FRANCE 91767 Palaiseau, FRANCE Email {firstname.name}@ensea.fr Email {firstname.name}@thalesgroup.com Abstract—This paper addresses the problem of image process- system, such as sockets. ing algorithms implementation onto dynamically and reconfig- It reduces significantly the work of application programmers urable architectures. Today, these Systems-on-Chip (SoC), offer by relieving them of tedious and error-prone programming. -
Teaching Foundations of Computation and Deduction Through Literate Functional Programming and Type Theory Formalization
Teaching Foundations of Computation and Deduction Through Literate Functional Programming and Type Theory Formalization Gérard Huet Inria Paris Laboratory, France Abstract We describe experiments in teaching fundamental informatics notions around mathematical struc- tures for formal concepts, and effective algorithms to manipulate them. The major themes of lambda-calculus and type theory served as guides for the effective implementation of functional programming languages and higher-order proof assistants, appropriate for reflecting the theor- etical material into effective tools to represent constructively the concepts and formally certify the proofs of their properties. Progressively, a literate programming and proving style replaced informal mathematics in the presentation of the material as executable course notes. The talk will evoke the various stages of (in)completion of the corresponding set of notes along the years (see [1, 2, 14, 5, 6, 10, 12, 16, 7, 15, 17, 9, 3, 13, 11, 4, 8]), and tell how their elaboration proved to be essential to the discovery of fundamental results. 1998 ACM Subject Classification F.3.1 Specifying and Verifying Programs, F.4.1 Mathematical Logic and G.4 Mathematical Software Keywords and phrases Foundations, Computation, Deduction, Programming, Proofs Digital Object Identifier 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2016.3 Category Invited Talk References 1 Gérard Huet. Initiation à la logique mathématique. Notes de cours du DEA d’Informatique, Université Paris-Sud, 1977. 2 Gérard Huet. Démonstration automatique en logique de premier ordre et programmation en clauses de horn. Notes de cours du DEA d’Informatique, Université Paris-Sud, 1978. 3 Gérard Huet. Confluent reductions: Abstract properties and applications to term rewriting systems. -
Model Based Software Development: Issues & Challenges
Model Based Software Development: Issues & Challenges N Md Jubair Basha 1, Salman Abdul Moiz 2 & Mohammed Rizwanullah 3 1&3 IT Department, Muffakham Jah College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, India 2IT Department, MVSR Engineering College, Hyderabad, India E-mail : [email protected] 1, [email protected] 2, [email protected] 3 Abstract - One of the goals of software design is to model a system in such a way that it is easily understandable . Nowadays the tendency for software development is changing from manual coding to automatic code generation; it is becoming model-based. This is a response to the software crisis, in which the cost of hardware has decreased and conversely the cost of software development has increased sharply. The methodologies that allowed this change are model-based, thus relieving the human from detailed coding. Still there is a long way to achieve this goal, but work is being done worldwide to achieve this objective. This paper presents the drastic changes related to modeling and important challenging issues and techniques that recur in MBSD. Keywords - model based software; domain engineering; domain specificity; transformations. I. INTRODUCTION domain engineering and application. The system described by a model may or may not exist at the time Model is an abstraction of some aspect of a system. the model is created. Models are created to serve Model-based software and system design is based on the particular purposes, for example, to present a human end-to-end use of formal, composable and manipulable understandable description of some aspect of a system models in the product life-cycle. -
Typeset MMIX Programs with TEX Udo Wermuth Abstract a TEX Macro
TUGboat, Volume 35 (2014), No. 3 297 Typeset MMIX programs with TEX Example: In section 9 the lines \See also sec- tion 10." and \This code is used in section 24." are given. Udo Wermuth No such line appears in section 10 as it only ex- tends the replacement code of section 9. (Note that Abstract section 10 has in its headline the number 9.) In section 24 the reference to section 9 stands for all of ATEX macro package is presented as a literate pro- the eight code lines stated in sections 9 and 10. gram. It can be included in programs written in the If a section is not used in any other section then languages MMIX or MMIXAL without affecting the it is a root and during the extraction of the code a assembler. Such an instrumented file can be pro- file is created that has the name of the root. This file cessed by TEX to get nicely formatted output. Only collects all the code in the sequence of the referenced a new first line and a new last line must be entered. sections from the code part. The collection process And for each end-of-line comment a flag is set to for all root sections is called tangle. A second pro- indicate that the comment is written in TEX. cess is called weave. It outputs the documentation and the code parts as a TEX document. How to read the following program Example: The following program has only one The text that starts in the next chapter is a literate root that is defined in section 4 with the headline program [2, 1] written in a style similar to noweb [7]. -
Machine Learning with Multiscale Dataflow Computing for High Energy Physics
Machine Learning with Multiscale Dataflow Computing for High Energy Physics 10.7.2019 Outline • Dataflow Concept and Maxeler • Dataflow for ML and Use Cases • Dataflow Programming Introduction • Hands-on Example 2 Dataflow Concept and Maxeler 10.7.2019 Programmable Spectrum Control-flow processors Dataflow processor GK110 Single-Core CPU Multi-Core Several-Cores Many-Cores Dataflow Increasing Parallelism (#cores) Increasing Core Complexity ( Hardware Clock Frequency ) GPU (NVIDIA, AMD) Intel, AMD Tilera, XMOS etc... Maxeler Hybrid e.g. AMD Fusion, IBM Cell 4 Maxeler Dataflow Engines (DFEs) • Largest Reconfigurable DataflowLMEM Engine (DFE) (Large Memory) Chip 4-96GB MaxRing • O(1k) multipliers High bandwidth memory link Interconnect • O(100k) logic cells Reconfigurable compute fabric • O(10MB) of on-chip SRAM MaxRing Dataflow cores & * links FMEM (fast • O(10GB) of on-card DRAM memory) • DFE-to-DFE interconnect Link to main data network * approaching 128GB on a ¾, single slot PCIe card 5 5 Maxeler Dataflow Engines (DFEs) CPU DFE (Dataflow Engine) 6 Control Flow versus Data Flow • Control Flow: • It is all about how instructions “move” • Data may move along with instructions (secondary issue) • Order of computation is the key • Data Flow: • It is about how data moves through a set of “instructions” in 2D space • Data moves will trigger control • Data availability, transformations and operation latencies are the key 7 Area Utilisation of Modern Chips AMD Bulldozer CPU Nvidia Tesla V100 GPU 8 DFE Area Utilisation 9 Dataflow Computing • A custom chip for a specific application • No instructions ➝ no instruction decode logic • No branches ➝ no branch prediction • Explicit parallelism ➝ no out-of-order scheduling • Data streamed onto-chip ➝ no multi-level caches Memory (Lots (Lots of) Rest of the My Dataflow world Engine 10 Dataflow Computing • Single worker builds a single • Each component is added to bicycle from a group of parts the bicycle in a production line. -
Graceful Language Extensions and Interfaces
Graceful Language Extensions and Interfaces by Michael Homer A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2014 Abstract Grace is a programming language under development aimed at ed- ucation. Grace is object-oriented, imperative, and block-structured, and intended for use in first- and second-year object-oriented programming courses. We present a number of language features we have designed for Grace and implemented in our self-hosted compiler. We describe the design of a pattern-matching system with object-oriented structure and minimal extension to the language. We give a design for an object-based module system, which we use to build dialects, a means of extending and restricting the language available to the programmer, and of implementing domain-specific languages. We show a visual programming interface that melds visual editing (à la Scratch) with textual editing, and that uses our dialect system, and we give the results of a user experiment we performed to evaluate the usability of our interface. ii ii Acknowledgments The author wishes to acknowledge: • James Noble and David Pearce, his supervisors; • Andrew P. Black and Kim B. Bruce, the other designers of Grace; • Timothy Jones, a coauthor on a paper forming part of this thesis and contributor to Minigrace; • Amy Ruskin, Richard Yannow, and Jameson McCowan, coauthors on other papers; • Daniel Gibbs, Jan Larres, Scott Weston, Bart Jacobs, Charlie Paucard, and Alex Sandilands, other contributors to Minigrace; • Gilad Bracha, Matthias Felleisen, and the other (anonymous) review- ers of papers forming part of this thesis; • the participants in his user study; • David Streader, John Grundy, and Laurence Tratt, examiners of the thesis; • and Alexandra Donnison, Amy Chard, Juanri Barnard, Roma Kla- paukh, and Timothy Jones, for providing feedback on drafts of this thesis. -
Graceful Language Extensions and Interfaces
Graceful Language Extensions and Interfaces by Michael Homer A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2014 Abstract Grace is a programming language under development aimed at ed- ucation. Grace is object-oriented, imperative, and block-structured, and intended for use in first- and second-year object-oriented programming courses. We present a number of language features we have designed for Grace and implemented in our self-hosted compiler. We describe the design of a pattern-matching system with object-oriented structure and minimal extension to the language. We give a design for an object-based module system, which we use to build dialects, a means of extending and restricting the language available to the programmer, and of implementing domain-specific languages. We show a visual programming interface that melds visual editing (à la Scratch) with textual editing, and that uses our dialect system, and we give the results of a user experiment we performed to evaluate the usability of our interface. ii ii Acknowledgments The author wishes to acknowledge: • James Noble and David Pearce, his supervisors; • Andrew P. Black and Kim B. Bruce, the other designers of Grace; • Timothy Jones, a coauthor on a paper forming part of this thesis and contributor to Minigrace; • Amy Ruskin, Richard Yannow, and Jameson McCowan, coauthors on other papers; • Daniel Gibbs, Jan Larres, Scott Weston, Bart Jacobs, Charlie Paucard, and Alex Sandilands, other contributors to Minigrace; • Gilad Bracha, Matthias Felleisen, and the other (anonymous) review- ers of papers forming part of this thesis; • the participants in his user study; • and Roma Klapaukh, Juanri Barnard, Alexandra Donnison, Amy Chard, and Timothy Jones for providing feedback on drafts of this thesis.