Museum of Comparative Zoology

Harvard University

Annual Report 2017. 2018 About the MCZ The Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University is a global center for research and education focused on the comparative relationships and evolution of animal life. The MCZ collections comprise approximately 21 million extant and fossil invertebrate and vertebrate specimens, which are a focus of research and teaching for the MCZ, Harvard, and outside students and researchers.

Contents Feature: The MCZ's Faculty-Curators 2 Faculty-Curator Profiles 4 Emeritus Profiles 7 Courses Led by Faculty-Curators 8 Research Making Headlines 12 Highlights from the Collections 15 Projects & Initiatives 18 Awards & Recognition 20 Grant Recipients 22 Publications in 2017 26 Financial Data 29 Personnel 30 Director’s Message This past year marked the beginning of an important period of transition for the MCZ.

Robert Woollacott retired after Microbial Life: A Universe 46 years on the faculty and 45 years at the Edge of Sight is an as curator, and Jonathan Losos innovative exhibit featuring departed to assume the William H. MCZ specimens that highlight Danforth Distinguished University notable microbe relationships, Professorship at Washington alongside live demonstrations University and direct the Living and a full-scale kitchen model. Earth Collaborative. (I may never touch a kitchen counter again.) In January 2019, we will welcome a new faculty-curator, Javier Ortega- Orb-Weavers: Web Masters of the Hernández, and a search to fill a Spider World showcases research faculty-curator position in marine by faculty-curator Gonzalo biology is underway. We will also Giribet and collaborators at invite our first two E.O. Wilson The George Washington Biodiversity Fellows, marking University. The exhibit features the beginning of this endowed MCZ specimens, photography postdoctoral fellowship program. and multimedia technology. Maggie Lopes assumed a newly Lest we be accused of being Stephanie Pierce created staff position for the anything but hip, the MCZ is James Hanken MCZ, Manager of Administrative building a presence on Facebook, Director Operations. She came highly Twitter and Instagram. This of course recommended from her former provides us with a convenient position at the Harvard Center means of sharing photos of dead for African Studies and has been animals on shelves, but it’s also working tirelessly to review and a way to communicate with the improve operations here. public the importance of natural history museums and to highlight Tragically, we were reminded of the both current research projects precarious existence endured by utilizing the collections and MCZ many natural history collections funding opportunities. with the devastating fire that consumed the historic main It has been a productive year for building of the Museu Nacional the MCZ, with an impressive group in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. May this of graduate students and postdocs tragedy yield a much greater working with faculty-curators About the Cover: A nudibranch of the genus Halgerda grazes in appreciation of the value of on research making headlines the waters of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Photo by Dave museums and their collections, not worldwide, and curatorial staff Matthews. just in Brazil but in all countries, hosting visiting scholars and Opposite page: A micro-CT and of the need to take whatever facilitating analysis of the millions scan of a shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, steps are required to properly of specimens they maintain. scanned at the University conserve and care for them. of Florida as part of the I hope you enjoy reading more openVertebrate (oVert) Thematic Collections Network project. The Harvard Museum of Natural about what we accomplished Scan by Zach Randall. Read more History opened two new exhibits. this year. about oVert on page 18.

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 1 The MCZ’s Faculty-Curators The Museum of Comparative Zoology takes pride in our faculty- curators, past, present and future. They touch many facets of the MCZ, from the collections in their care to the students they inspire to the advancement of understanding through research.

Faculty-curators perform a demanding New Faculty-Curator triad of roles as curators, professors and Javier Ortega- researchers. They make rich contributions to Hernández will the collections they curate and augment, to begin a new the students they instruct and mentor, and appointment via the research they conduct. This academic in January 2019 year we said goodbye to valued colleagues, as an assistant look forward to welcoming new ones, and professor in the share the recognition of our faculty-curators Department of by their peers. Organismic and Farewells Evolutionary Biology and Jonathan Losos, Curator of Curator of Javier Ortega-Hernández Herpetology, departed Harvard Invertebrate in January 2018 to become Paleontology in the MCZ. He completed the William H. Danforth a bachelor’s degree in biology from the Distinguished University Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Professor at Washington a Masters in Science in Paleobiology from University and the founding the University of Bristol, and a PhD in Earth director of the Living Earth Sciences from Cambridge University, where Collaborative, a partnership he will soon finish a prestigious Herchel between Washington University, Smith Fellowship in Biological Sciences. the Saint Louis Zoo and the Missouri Botanical Garden. Javier’s research focuses on the origin and Jonathan Losos evolution of invertebrates. He combines traditional methods of paleontological fieldwork and fossil preparation to obtain study specimens, developmental biology of extant organisms, and modern imaging and analytical techniques. Honored by Named Species It is a matter of high regard by one’s peers to have a new species named in their honor.

Jean-Francois BertrandJean-Francois Six ornithologists and birders named a new Robert Woollacott species of antbird from north-central Peru after renowned biologist and “father of Robert Woollacott retired from Harvard in biodiversity” Edward O. Wilson, University June 2018 after 46 years on the faculty and Research Professor Emeritus and Honorary 45 years as Curator of Marine Invertebrates Curator in Entomology. The Cordillera in the MCZ. Azul antbird (Myrmoderus eowilsoni) was

2 Museum of Comparative Zoology named after Prof. Wilson “to recognize his tremendous devotion to conservation and his patronage of the Rainforest Trust, which strives to protect the most imperiled species and habitats in the Neotropics and across the globe.” A new species of tetrapodomorph sarcopterygian, Eusthenopteron jenkinsi, was named in honor of the late Farish A. Jenkins, Jr., faculty member and Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, for his central role in the Nunavut Paleontological Expeditions from 1999 to 2008, where “he was a key contributor to the anatomical research, fieldwork and quality of life in camp.” Eusthenopteron jenkinsi was found along with Tiktaalik roseae and several other new species on southern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut Territory, Canada. Ophiocordyceps species that infect ants—so-called zombie-ant fungi—are widespread within tropical forests worldwide and comprise one of the most intriguing and fascinating relationships between microbes and animals. A new species of the fungus was christened Ophiocordyceps naomipierceae in recognition of Naomi Pierce, Sidney A. and John H. Hessel Professor of Biology and Curator of Lepidoptera, who mentored many biologists to consider ant–symbiont interactions in the deep- Edward B. Daeschler

Kris SnibbeKris time framework provided by phylogenetic studies. Farish Jenkins in the field in Nunavut Territory in 2008 Naomi Pierce

The MCZ’sKronosaurus A fossil is never just a fossil. It is a window into an organism that lived millions of years ago, a unique individual that continually reveals its secrets as scientific methods advance. But sometimes, that fossil becomes even more. It becomes a beloved mascot. In 1931–32, William E. Schevill, a member of an expedition sent to Australia by the MCZ, explored the Queensland Lower Cretaceous deposits in the Army Downs region. There he found the specimen— known as MCZ no. 1285—of a Kronosaurus, a short- necked carnivorous marine reptile that was one of the largest pliosaurs. when Godfrey Cabot provided funding to prepare The specimen had been preserved upright, in an and mount it. Since erosion had destroyed a large articulated state, in a limestone matrix, but it had percentage of the once-complete specimen, a third of some damage from erosion. The specimen was the finally exhibited skeleton is a plaster restoration. removed in blocks weighing nearly four tons and The MCZ’sKronosaurus is a monumental 42 feet long shipped to the MCZ. and has been on display continuously since 1958. It Dr. T. E. White prepared the skull and published its can still be seen in its original exhibit in the Harvard description in 1935. However, the rest of the skeleton Museum of Natural History and serves as a symbol of lay untouched in storage until the mid-1950s, the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 3 Faculty-Curator Profiles

Scott V. Edwards Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of Ornithology Prof. Edwards’ research focuses on the evolutionary biology of birds and related species, combining field, museum and genomics Andrew A. Biewener approaches to understand the

Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology Rinaldo Tony basis of avian Director, Concord Field Station diversity, evolution Prof. Biewener’s research focuses on understanding and behavior. Current projects use the genomics the biomechanics, neuromuscular control and technologies to study comparative genomics and the energetics of animal movement on land and in the evolution of flightlessness and other traits in birds; air. His goal is to understand general principles that phylogeography and speciation in Neotropical and govern the biomechanical and physiological design of Australasian birds; and the genomics of host–parasite vertebrate animals related to their movement in natural coevolution between house finches and a recently environments. acquired bacterial pathogen, Mycoplasma.

Brian D. Farrell Gonzalo Giribet Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Curator of Entomology Professor of Zoology Director, David Professor of Organismic & Rockefeller Center for Evolutionary Biology Latin American Studies Curator of Invertebrate Zoology Harvard College Professor Prof. Farrell’s research is broadly concerned Prof. Giribet’s primary with the evolution of research focuses on the ecological interactions evolution, systematics and between host plants biogeography of invertebrate and animals and their animals, including the use parasites, such as of morphology and next- © Casey Dunn © Casey insects and other tiny generation sequencing

Stephanie Mitchell consumers. techniques. Current projects in the Giribet lab include a comprehensive study of the harvestmen of New Zealand, His current projects include applying next-generation their systematics and biogeography, and a textbook on sequencing to speciation and phylogenetic studies of invertebrates. The lab also works on other projects on associated species, documenting biodiversity in the systematics and biogeography of arthropods, mollusks and Dominican Republic, and repatriating digital information onychophorans, among other groups. He is also interested from scientific specimens of insects and fossils in in homology-related issues and the use of genomic-level museums to their countries of origin. data for inferring phylogenies.

4 Museum of Comparative Zoology FACULTY-CURATOR PROFILES

James Hanken Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of Herpetology MCZ Director Prof. Hanken utilizes laboratory-based analyses and field surveys to examine morphological evolution, developmental biology Kris SnibbeKris and systematics. Current areas of Hopi E. Hoekstra

Catherine Weisel research include the Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology evolution of craniofacial Professor of Molecular & Cellular Biology patterning, the developmental basis of morphological novelty Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology and life-history evolution, biodiversity informatics, and Curator of Mammalogy systematics and evolution of neotropical salamanders. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator Harvard College Professor Prof. Hoekstra combines field and laboratory work to understand the evolution of mammalian diversity from morphology to behavior. Her research focuses on the genetic basis of adaptive variation—identifying both the ultimate causes and the proximate mechanisms responsible for traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in the wild. Research in the Hoekstra lab integrates ecological, behavioral, genetic and molecular approaches.

Jonathan B. Losos Monique & Philip Lehner Professor for the Study of Latin America Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Stephanie Mitchell Curator of Herpetology George V. Lauder Prof. Losos’ research focuses on Professor of Biology the behavioral and evolutionary Henry Bryant Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology ecology of lizards, specifically Curator of Ichthyology how lizards interact with their environment and how Prof. Lauder’s research focuses on the biomechanics of fishes lizard clades have diversified

and the development of robotic models for studying aquatic Lincoln Rose evolutionarily. His laboratory locomotion. integrates approaches from systematics, ecology, behavior, His current studies focus on the function of shark skin and genetics and functional morphology, taking both observational other surface structures, the role of flexibility in improving and experimental approaches in the field and in the laboratory. the efficiency of aquatic propulsion, and how fishes control He departed Harvard in January 2018 to become the William H. body and fin position as they maneuver through obstacles. Danforth Distinguished University Professor at Washington Additional broad interests include biological fluid mechanics University and the founding director of the Living Earth and theoretical approaches to the analysis of form and Collaborative, a partnership between Washington University, function in organisms. the Saint Louis Zoo and the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 5 FACULTY-CURATOR PROFILES

James J. McCarthy Naomi E. Pierce Professor of Biological Sidney A. & John Oceanography Hessel Professor of Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biology Biological Oceanography Curator of Acting Curator of Malacology Lepidoptera Prof. McCarthy’s research Prof. Pierce’s focuses on factors that research focuses regulate the processes of on the behavioral ecology of species

primary production and Isabella Kirkland nutrient supply in the interactions, ocean. Using field studies particularly the coevolution between plants, pathogens and modeling, Prof. and herbivores, and symbioses between ants and other organisms. Her laboratory integrates approaches from Jon Chase McCarthy and his group examine the effects of phylogenetics, ecology, behavior, genomics and comparative seasonal or interannual climate change on marine life methods to investigate patterns of reciprocal adaptation from plankton to whales. and diversification exhibited by organisms that live in close association with each other.

Stephanie E. Pierce Robert M. Assistant Professor of Organismic & Woollacott Evolutionary Biology Professor of Biology Curator of Vertebrate Curator of Marine Paleontology Invertebrates Prof. Pierce’s research Prof. Woollacott’s is focused on major research focuses on morphological and aspects of marine ecological transitions invertebrate life in vertebrate history, such as evolution through an synchronization examination of the of reproductive

Paul Whatmough Paul fossil record. events and ecology and physiology Her work tends toward 3D modeling and experimentation of larvae. Topics of the musculoskeletal system, with particular attention of particular interest include larval dispersal and to the link between form and function. Current projects population connectivity, as well as human impacts on include the fin-to-limb transition, the reptile“ ”-to-mammal life in the sea. Prof. Woollacott retired in June 2018. transition and evolution of the horse.

Mansi Srivastava Assistant Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Curator of Invertebrate Zoology Prof. Srivastava's research focuses on understanding the evolution of animal development and regeneration. Her group utilizes the three- banded panther worm, Hofstenia miamia, which she has developed as a new acoel model system. Acoels represent the sister-group to all animals with bilateral symmetry, which allows the study of genetic mechanisms that span 550 million years of animal evolution. Current projects in the lab range from identifying gene regulatory networks for regeneration to determining the embryonic origins of pluripotent stem cells to

Isaac Orderberg understanding the origins of bilateral nervous systems.

6 Museum of Comparative Zoology Emeritus Profiles

A. W. “Fuzz” Crompton Faculty-Curator, Emeritus Fisher Professor of Natural History, Emeritus Prof. Crompton, former Curator of Mammalogy, was the Director of the MCZ from 1970 to 1982, having served as Director of both the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University and the South African Museum in Cape Town. His primary research interests include the origin and evolution of mammals, functional anatomy, and neural control and evolution of feeding in recent and fossil vertebrates. Prof. Crompton received two Guggenheim fellowships for his research on vertebrate paleontology and functional morphology, and in 2011 received the Romer-Simpson Medal from the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Justin Ide Justin

Richard C. Lewontin Professor of Biology, Emeritus Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology, Emeritus An evolutionary geneticist, Prof. Lewontin pioneered the field of molecular population genetics by merging molecular biology and evolutionary theory, as well as the philosophical and social implications of genetics and evolutionary theory. Among his many books are The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change; Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA; Human Diversity; and The Triple Helix: Gene Organism and Environment.

Edward O. Wilson Honorary Curator in Entomology Pellegrino University Professor, Emeritus Prof. Wilson is considered the founder of sociobiology and evolutionary psychology and has developed the basis of modern biodiversity conservation. He has received many of the world’s leading prizes in recognition of his research, creative literature and environmental activism. Prof. Wilson was awarded two Pulitzer Prizes for his books The Ants (1990, with Bert Hölldobler) and On Human Nature (1978). He received the TED Prize in 2007, where he articulated the concept of the Encyclopedia of Life, and the Hubbard Medal in 2013, the rarely given highest award of the National Geographic Society. Beth Maynor Finch

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 7 Courses Led by Faculty-Curators Academic Year 2017–2018 Jonathan Losos Jonathan

OEB 101: Biology of Mammals Organismic and Evolutionary OEB 58: How to Build an Animal Biology Stephanie E. Pierce and Mansi Srivastava Provides a basic understanding of animal OEB 10: Foundations of Biological Diversity evolution and development and how these Brian D. Farrell (and Elena Kramer and Peter Girguis) processes combine to shape the diversity An integrated approach to the diversity of of life on Earth by exploring anatomical life, emphasizing how chemical, physical, features, how they vary in form and function genetic, ecological and geologic processes and how they are made during embryonic OEB 217R: What Makes a Rodent? contribute to the origin and maintenance development. of biological diversity. OEB 101: Biology of Mammals OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of Jonathan B. Losos Invertebrate Animals An introduction to the biology of Gonzalo Giribet mammals. Lectures and laboratories Introduction to invertebrate diversity, examine the morphology, systematics, covering the development, adult anatomy, natural history, behavior, ecology, biology and evolutionary relationships of evolutionary relationships and the main animal phyla, including sponges, biogeography of all major taxa. mollusks, annelids and arthropods, among others. OEB 130: Biology of Fishes George V. Lauder OEB 57: Animal Behavior Explores the unparalleled diversity of fish Naomi E. Pierce (and Bence P. Olveczky) across different aquatic environments, A review of the behavior of animals under including deep seas, intertidal zones, coral natural conditions, with emphasis on both reefs, polar waters, the vast Amazonian

Melissa Aja Melissa mechanistic and evolutionary approaches. basin and great East African lakes.

8 Museum of Comparative Zoology COURSES George LauderGeorge

OEB 130: Biology of Fishes OEB 157: Global Change Biology OEB 181: Systematics James J. McCarthy (and Paul Moorcroft) Gonzalo Giribet This course examines how natural and Introduces theory and practice of anthropogenic changes in the Earth systematics, emphasizing issues system are affecting the composition associated with homology statements and the functioning of the world's land and alignments, methods of tree and ocean ecosystems. Topics include: reconstruction and hypothesis evaluation. the ecological impacts of natural and anthropogenic changes in the Earth's OEB 190: Biology and Diversity of Birds physical environment, and the effects of Scott V. Edwards introduced species, species extinctions, An introduction to the biology of OEB 58: How to Build an Animal land-use change, agriculture and fishing. birds. Covers the fossil record and theories for avian origins, physiology OEB 167: Herpetology and anatomy, systematics, speciation James Hanken processes, behavior, vocalizations, An introduction to the biology of demography and conservation. amphibians and reptiles. Lectures and laboratories examine the morphology, OEB 200: The Evolution of Stem Cells systematics, natural history, behavior, and Regeneration ecology, evolutionary relationships and Mansi Srivastava biogeography of all major taxa. An exploration of stem cell biology and the cellular, molecular and OEB 173: Comparative Biomechanics genetic principles of regeneration. Andrew A. Biewener Covers the main concepts and An exploration of how animals and plants methods concerning the study contend with their physical environment, of stem cells and familiarity considering their biomaterial properties, with comparative approaches as structural form and mechanical applied to stem cell biology and interaction with the environment. regeneration. Stephanie Pierce

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 9 COURSES Collin Johnson

OEB 10: Foundations of Biological Diversity Graduate Courses OEB 320: Biomechanics and Evolution of Reading and Research Vertebrates George V. Lauder OEB 217R: What Makes a Rodent? OEB 321: Evolution of Regeneration and Stephanie E. Pierce Development OEB 275R: Phylogenetics and Mansi Srivastava Phylogeography in the Era of Genomics OEB 323: Advanced Vertebrate Anatomy Scott V. Edwards Stephanie E. Pierce OEB 307: Biomechanics, Physiology and OEB 325: Marine Biology Musculoskeletal Biology Robert M. Woollacott Andrew A. Biewener OEB 167: Herpetology OEB 334: Behavioral Ecology Naomi E. Pierce OEB 335/E-PSCI 337: Biological Oceanography James J. McCarthy OEB 341: Coevolution Brian D. Farrell OEB 355: Evolutionary Developmental Biology James Hanken OEB 362: Research in Molecular Evolution Scott V. Edwards OEB 367: Evolutionary and Ecological Diversity Jonathan B. Losos OEB 370: Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics Hopi E. Hoekstra Breda Zimkus

10 Museum of Comparative Zoology COURSES

Freshman Seminar FRSEMR 22T: Why We Animals Sing Brian D. Farrell Investigates the sounds and structures of different kinds of acoustic animals—including birds, mammals, frogs and insects—and the different kinds of habitats in which they produce their songs and calls. Life Sciences BIOS S-158: Study Abroad: Biodiversity of the Dominican Republic Brian D. Farrell Explores the interplay of ecological niches and evolutionary diversification in the organisms and habitats of a tropical island as a microcosm of the evolution of biodiversity on Earth. LIFESCI 1B: An Integrated Introduction to the Life Sciences: Genetics, Genomics and Evolution Hopi E. Hoekstra (and Kevin Eggan, Pardis Sabeti and Michael Burke) An integrated approach showing how genetics and evolution are intimately related, together explaining the patterns of genetic variation we see in nature and how genomics can be used to analyze variation. LIFESCI 2: Evolutionary Human Physiology and Anatomy Andrew A. Biewener and George V. Lauder (and Daniel E. Lieberman) Gonzalo Giribet Explores human anatomy and physiology from an integrated framework, combining functional, comparative and evolutionary perspectives on how OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of Invertebrate Animals organisms work.

Historical Vignette

Without any prior scientific training, in 1873 eighteen-year-old Elizabeth Hodges Clark accepted a job at the MCZ sorting marine specimens. Clark’s great-niece Elizabeth Hodges Clark Beeuwkes would later recall her great aunt’s descriptions of the “long counters on which the slimy specimens lay” in the museum. In 1880, Clark accepted a promotion as Director Alexander Agassiz’s personal secretary, and over time Agassiz would delegate to her more and more of his professional responsibilities. She managed his correspondence, made administrative decisions during his long absences and proofread his scientific publications. Clark also adapted her life to his geography. In an unusual arrangement, Clark spent her summers installed in the tower room of Agassiz’s summer home in Newport, Rhode Island. By the time Agassiz died in 1910, Clark had become so indispensable to his work that he left her in his will $25,000 and an additional annuity of $10,000, more than five times the amount he left to his daughter-in-law. Clark’s history offers a window into patterns of women’s employment in museums during this period. Although female assistants worked in low-skilled, Elizabeth Hodges Clark, from the Archives of low-paying positions that conformed to gender-appropriate narratives, Clark, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Ernst like many women, was good at her job and leveraged her expertise into a Mayr Library, Harvard University circumscribed position of power at the MCZ.

—Jenna Tonn, Boston College

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 11 Research Making Headlines Tail of a New Species The transparent structure of vinegaroons (whip scorpions), close living amber excellently preserves and relatives of spiders—but also has silk- reveals soft tissues and other producing spinnerets and other features delicate features of ancient more like modern spiders. (Scorpions also creatures. In 100-million- have a tail, but it is quite different from that year-old amber from Burma, of vinegaroons and C. yingi.) scientists have found a creature Due to its combination of earlier and that fills a gap in arachnid later characteristics, this species marks evolutionary history. And, the transition period when silk-producing surprisingly, it has a tail. spinnerets and reproductive organs called Analyses of the physical pedipalps had evolved, but before tails of aspects of the specimens by earlier lineages were lost. Illustration by Gonzalo Giribet and an international team of The researchers postulate that the tail could Diying Huang researchers reveal a new group of arachnids, have been used as an environmental sensing eight-legged invertebrates that include spiders, mechanism. This would have been helpful for scorpions, ticks and mites. The specimens ground-dwelling predators, but less useful as bridge the gap between modern spiders and spiders transitioned to sit-and-wait predators more primitive ancestors. The newly discovered with different sensing mechanisms, when the species has been named Chimerarachne yingi tail would have disappeared. The research was after the Chimera, a mythological creature published in Nature Ecology & Evolution. made up of different animals. Huang D, Hormiga G, Cai C, Su Y, Yin Z, Xia F, Giribet G Chimerarachne yingi has a whip-like tail (2018) Origin of spiders and their spinning organs illuminated that is longer than its body—similar to by mid-Cretaceous amber fossils. Nat Ecol Evol 2:623-627

Serendipitous Symbiosis Turtle ants (Cephalotes) dine differently. They nitrogen compounds found in waste, and then don’t compete aggressively with other ants for used molecular analysis to quantify the ants’ optimal food resources, and they have evolved decreased ability to process the nitrogen. In reduced jaws and lost the ability to sting, addition, turtle ants’ protective armor requires making it impossible to prey on living animals a good deal of nitrogen, highlighting their or scavenge their carcasses. Instead these reliance on these cohabiting organisms. herbivores forage for nectar, pollen, fungi and To sustain the bacterial lineage, older ants pass other resources from plant canopies and also bacteria to the younger ones through anal consume mammal urine and bird feces—lower secretions. The bacteria are so important to quality foods that others don’t want. So how their existence that turtle ants develop a fine do they survive? Jon Sanders, Naomi E. Pierce mesh filter at the start of their digestive systems and an international group of researchers soon after the symbiont transfer, likely as a decided to find out. measure to prevent further passage by small In a partnership begun 46 million years ago, particles and protect the symbiotic bacteria in turtle ants keep bacteria in their guts that the gut. The research findings were published recycle waste nitrogen into essential amino in Nature Communications. Jon Sanders acids to supplement their diets. In an effort Hu Y, Sanders JG , Łukasik P, D’Amelio K, Millar JS, Vann to understand the importance of these DR, Lan Y, Newton JA, Schotanus M, Kronauer DJC, symbionts, the researchers used antibiotics to Pierce NE, Moreau CS, Wertz JT, Engel P, Russell JA (2018) Herbivorous turtle ants obtain essential nutrients from suppress the bacteria in lab ants. Then they a conserved nitrogen-recycling gut microbiome. Nat exclusively fed the ants a diet containing only Commun 9:964

12 Museum of Comparative Zoology RESEARCH

Uplifting Developments An aerofoil is a curved structure, such as the denticles, in addition to reducing drag, a plane’s wing, that moves through air or altered the pressure distribution to enhance water. Design enhancements that improve suction and improve lift. After determining lift and decrease drag on the aerofoil’s the most effective surface, such as blade-like passive vortex placement and modifying generators, can improve the performance the structure of the denticles of airplane wings, wind turbine blades, based on their experiments, helicopter blades, drones and autonomous they tested the resulting underwater vehicles. Inspired by the scales continuous shark-inspired of a shark, a research team led by George V. vortex generator to find Lauder has developed a new type of passive that it improved lift-to-drag vortex generator that significantly improves ratios by up to 323%. In the effectiveness of aerofoils. addition, the structure can be easily incorporated into The world’s fastest shark is the shortfin conventional manufacturing mako, Isurus oxyrinchus. Prof. Lauder processes, bringing this has studied its denticles—thousands of technology one step closer toothlike scale structures that cover its to large-scale adoption extremely aerodynamic body—and found for aquatic and aerospace that these denticles help reduce drag in the applications. The research was published in Illustration by water. But what if they can also improve lift? James Weaver Journal of the Royal Society Interface. To test this theory, Prof. Lauder and his team Domel AG, Saadat M, Weaver JC, Haj-Hariri H, Bertoldi 3D-printed shark denticle-inspired structures K, Lauder GV (2018) Shark skin-inspired designs that on the upper surface of aerofoils to study improve aerodynamic performance. J R Soc Interface their impact on lift and drag. They found that 15:20170828

On Their Toes Reduction in the number of toes is a major genera—from the dog-sized, trend in the evolution of many four-legged four-toed Hyracotherium of animals, including some dinosaurs, lizards, about 50 million years ago to marsupials, rodents and ungulates like cattle, the modern horse (Equus)—and deer, hippos and camels. However, the most developed a novel, continuous extreme example of digit reduction is in the measure of digit reduction that single toe of the modern horse. accounted for the changing size of the side toes for the first time. The classic explanation of this evolutionary sequence is that, as the ancestral horses’ They found that while load- habitat changed from forest to grassland, it bearing side toes were necessary became important to select for long, slender to avoid unsafe stresses in smaller legs for increased speed to better evade ancestral horses, as body mass predators and fewer toes to more effectively increased, the central toe became and safely support increased body mass. larger and its internal geometry evolved to become more resistant To test the body mass hypothesis, to bending as the side toes began Brianna McHorse, Andrew A. Biewener to shrink. The research was and Stephanie E. Pierce explored the published in Proceedings of the mechanical stresses that movement placed Royal Society B. on limbs as body mass increased and toes McHorse BK, Biewener AA, Pierce SE (2017)

decreased over the horse lineage. McHorse Brianna Mechanics of evolutionary digit reduction They used modern 3D imaging to capture in fossil horses (Equidae). Proc R Soc B internal bone geometry of 13 fossil horse 284:20171174

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 13 RESEARCH

Out in the Cold There are times when planning and serendipity relating to their gene expression profiles and can collide fortuitously, as they did for Shane their ability to physically function in the cold. Campbell-Staton while he was investigating However, a subsequent freakishly cold winter the genetics of cold tolerance in the green in the area caused by an extreme polar vortex anole. Anoles are subtropical lizards that live afforded an exciting opportunity to further throughout the Caribbean and Central and examine the green anole’s biological response South America, but the hardiest of these, the to the extreme weather. Armed with his earlier green anole, Anolis carolinensis, has a range that data, Campbell-Staton returned to the same extends into North Carolina, Mississippi and sites after the record cold spell to examine the Tennessee. surviving populations. He found that the lizards In August 2013, Campbell-Staton was close in the southernmost sites had strong shifts in to completing his doctoral research. He had cold tolerance and gene expression profiles just returned from a six-week collecting trip that more closely mirrored that of northern gathering green anoles at five locations in the populations. The research of Campbell-Staton, 750 miles from Hodgen, Oklahoma, south to Scott V. Edwards, Jonathan B. Losos and Brownsville, Texas, on the Mexican border, an colleagues was published in Science. area covering much of the species’ variation in Campbell-Staton SC, Cheviron ZA, Rochette N, Catchen cold tolerance. He collected DNA from several J, Losos JB, Edwards SV (2017) Winter storms drive rapid Illustration by Julia dozen green anoles and also gathered data phenotypic, regulatory, and genomic shifts in the green Yu and Alex David anole lizard. Science 357:495-498 Jerez Roman Avoiding the Straight and Narrow If you’re a rodent in the open desert, evading erratic movements of bipedal jerboas (family predators is a life-or-death skill. Often, we Dipodidae) versus those of quadrupedal, think the most successful prey is the one gerbil-like jirds (genus Meriones). Jerboas, who with greater speed or endurance. But when ricochet around by changing their gait at each eluding predators with simple ballistic step, can vary their stride length, direction and attack strategies, like owls or snakes, bipedal speed while hopping, skipping, running and locomotion may be the key to success. jumping. Bipedal rodents may have an advantage In quantifying the spatial motion of jerboas over their quadrupedal cousins due to the and jirds, the researchers found that the randomness of their movements. To test this jerboa movements have higher randomness hypothesis, Talia Moore, Andrew A. Biewener during simulated predator attacks. They then and fellow researchers developed a new way used behavioral methods to demonstrate the to measure the unpredictability of motion in relative comfort of the jerboas over that of three-dimensional space. They used a metric jirds in moving beyond shelter to forage for of randomness—entropy—to quantify the food, an indication of the jerboas’ superior success in evading predators. The research offers an innovative approach to understanding interspecies interactions in a natural setting and may also have applications in the field of robotics. The findings were published in Nature Communications.

Moore TY, Cooper KL, Biewener AA, Vasudevan R (2017) Unpredictability of escape trajectory explains predator evasion ability and microhabitat preference of desert rodents. Nat Commun 8:1-9 Talia Moore Talia

14 Museum of Comparative Zoology Highlights from the Collections

Rediscovering a Harvard Dig Site At some time during the 1930s, the MCZ acquired an 80-acre site in Goshen

County, Wyoming. During that decade, Stephanie Pierce paleontologists excavated approximately 4,000 pounds of material, shipping some of it back to Cambridge by train. These fossils from the Oligocene, estimated to be around 34 million years old, include ancestors of camels, horses, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, turtles and birds. However, it has been more than 80 years since Harvard scientists have worked there, and the site was mostly forgotten. Stephanie Pierce

At left: Stephanie Pierce From top: James Hanken; Chris Capobianco; collected fossil specimen

Considering the interest of Prof. Pierce and Capobianco

Chris CapobiancoChris in these types of fossils, it’s likely that the site will have In June 2018, James Hanken, Stephanie E. renewed activity. Pierce and Chris Capobianco traveled there Prof. Pierce, who regularly to get reacquainted. takes students to dig sites The team spent several days exploring the in Arizona, feels the site site and collecting specimens to bring back would be a good place to to the MCZ for study. “The fossil layer is just learn. “The ease in which underfoot,” says Hanken, “and erosion has we found fossils will ensure exposed some of that layer. Given there are that students would find turtles here, it would have been a lot wetter, something and learn during

like a lake.” the experience,” she says. Stephanie Pierce

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 15 COLLECTIONS

Microbial Life A world of astonishingly diverse, unseen Melissa Aja Melissa lifeforms thrives around us, and they engage with and sustain the planet’s biosphere in essential ways science is just beginning to understand. These lifeforms are explored in Microbial Life: A Universe at the Edge of Sight, an exhibition running through September 3, 2019, at the Harvard Museum of Natural History. A model kitchen uses cutting-edge scientific research and interactive stations to introduce visitors to microbial life through this familiar space. From there, visitors can examine live colonies of soil bacteria that help sustain terrestrial environments, delve into the ocean depths to learn about microbial sea life and view stunning images of microbes that blend art and science. MCZ staff provided multiple specimens from the collections for the exhibition. One of these is a hoopoe (Upupa epops), a bird that protects its unborn chicks by painting the eggs with microbes that produce powerful antibiotics, according to Jeremiah Trimble, Curatorial Associate in Ornithology. Adam Baldinger, Curatorial Associate in Invertebrate Zoology and Malacology, assisted HMNH with two specimens. “The deep sea- dwelling giant tube worm (Riftia pachyptila) lives in symbiosis with bacteria that help it derive energy from the hydrogen sulfide around hydrothermal vents,” says Baldinger. He also provided a specimen of a stout bobtail squid that has a symbiotic relationship with bioluminescent bacteria.

Mark Omura, Curatorial Associate in Mammalogy, contributed a palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), a brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus), a dog (Canis familiaris) and a brown howler monkey (Alouatta fusca). Melissa Aja Melissa

16 Museum of Comparative Zoology COLLECTIONS

Orb-Weavers A special exhibit, Orb-Weavers: Web Masters of the Spider World, Aja Melissa supported by a National Science Foundation grant, debuted in the Harvard Museum of Natural History’s Arthropods: Creatures that Rule gallery in October 2017. Combining specimens from the MCZ, stunning photography and multimedia technology, Orb-Weavers examines the evolution of the orb-style web and explores how capture strategies have shaped web design. Spiders make diverse styles of webs to capture their prey, and the finely crafted webs of the orb-weavers are distinctive—simultaneously a key evolutionary milestone, an engineering marvel and a work of art. But did they evolve to create orb-style webs just once, or multiple times?

Surprising new research by Gonzalo Giribet, Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology and Curator of Invertebrate Zoology, and colleagues suggests that this seemingly complex design has been repurposed and may have been wholly reinvented in different spider groups over 140 million years of evolution. Giribet and colleagues used a recently developed approach to examine 2,500 genes from 159 spider species, and their findings suggest that orb- style webs evolved multiple times since the late Triassic-Jurassic. “Through collaborative work between Harvard and The George Washington University, we have been able to uncover new relationships among spider lineages, illustrating that the evolution of the orb-style web is much more complex than originally thought, with many losses across the

Melissa Aja Melissa spider tree of life,” says Giribet.

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 17 Projects & Initiatives Visualizing Vertebrates in 3D What began as the passion of individual scientists to CT scan species in their area of study has turned into a multi-institution effort to visualize all vertebrate anatomy. The initiative is calledopenVertebrate , or oVert, and over the next four years it will digitize 20,000 specimens carefully selected to represent 80 percent of vertebrate genera. The majority of fluid-preserved specimens will be digitized with CT scanners, which use X-rays to produce highly detailed 3D views of the skeleton and

Edward Stanley other internal features. The project is supported with a $2.5 million National Science Foundation grant, with 18 participating universities and institutions in the U.S., including Harvard University and Principal Investigator James Hanken. The oVert Thematic Collections Network will create 3D vertebrate scans and make them freely available for researchers, educators, students and the public. The scans, which will include micro-CT scans of tiny specimens as well as those up to six feet long, will be available through MorphoSource (morphosource.org). A few species will be chemically treated to reveal their soft tissues. These detailed 3D models can be manipulated, downloaded and segmented, allowing organ structures, blood vessels and other internal Edward Stanley features to be viewed and studied. For education and outreach efforts, the oVert team will train museum specialists to produce, curate and distribute 3D anatomical data and offer guidance to researchers on how to use the data. The team will teach high school and undergraduate students to create 3D anatomical models and also conduct workshops for K–12 STEM

Zach Randall educators on the use of digital specimens in their classrooms. Workshops Hosted by the MCZ In March 2018, Linda S. Ford, Director of Collections Operations, and Breda Zimkus, Cryogenics Collections Manager for Genetic Resources, hosted a National Science Foundation- funded workshop for the Biodiversity Collections Network. Using compliance with the Nagoya Protocol as a platform, invited participants discussed how to manage legal issues associated with the collection and exchange of biological specimens using cyberinfrastructure and how to advise stakeholders in the face of changing policies. Also in March, the MCZ, Harvard University Herbaria and the Peabody Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology at Harvard University co-hosted the annual meeting of the Integrated Pest Management Working Group, whose purpose is to collect and disseminate resources for IPM in museum settings. The group updatedmuseumpests.net , gave presentations and set future priorities. Collection staff also attended a workshop introducing IPM principles.

18 Museum of Comparative Zoology PROJECTS & INITIATIVES

Encyclopedia of Life Learning + Education Group The Encyclopedia of Life eol.org( ) is an open-science project that aggregates biodiversity content and data from partners such as the Smithsonian Institution, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, the MCZ and citizen science projects, including iNaturalist. TheEOL Learning + Education Group, based at the MCZ, encourages the development of innovative and effective uses of species information and data in educational settings. EOL Biodiversity Cards EOL Biodiversity Cards, which can be made on the EOL website by anyone, provide an image and list of traits for each species in a deck. The card maker is currently available in Catalan, English, French and Spanish, with other languages planned. City Nature Challenge The 2018 City Nature Challenge took place across 68 cities in 17 countries, engaging 17,000 observers and logging 442,000 nature sightings. EOL led the effort to create the CNC Education Toolkit and helped organize the Boston event. In addition, 4,075 research-grade images flowed to EOL from the iNaturalist platform, including observations of 599 rare, endangered and threatened species globally. Biodiversity Data Quality EOL collaborates with Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio) to coordinate the broader impacts for Kurator, a biodiversity data-quality project funded by the National Science Foundation and led by Harvard and the University of Illinois Urbana– Champaign. Outcomes include tutorials for using Kurator’s data cleaning tools and co-developing collections-based data literacy activities for undergraduates through BLUE (Biodiversity Literacy in Undergraduate Education). Ernst Mayr Library William Brewster Collections Digitized Thanks to grants from the Institute of Museum and Library Services and the Council for Library and Information Resources, EML has been digitizing William Brewster’s journals, diaries, correspondence, notes and photographs. Brewster was Curator of Mammals and Birds from 1885 until his death in 1919. More than 11,000 items have been digitized and 7,105 pages transcribed. Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) EML has contributed 10,116 scanned volumes (3,317,544 pages) to BHL, which have been downloaded nearly 10 million times, mostly by users in the U.S., Europe, Australia, Brazil and Mexico. Laura Bush 21st-Century Librarian Award The grant-funded projectFoundations to Actions: Extending Innovations in Digital Libraries is now complete. This work enabled Full Text Search in BHL and the addition of transcriptions, including Mary Sears William Brewster’s journals. Expanding Access to Biodiversity Literature (EABL) Awarded in 2015 to the New York Botanical Garden with partners Ernst Mayr Library and Missouri Botanical Garden and completed this year, this grant increased access to biodiversity literature by seeking out smaller content providers and negotiating with copyright holders for more recent publications. Annual Report 2017 . 2018 19 Awards & Recognition

Naomi E. Pierce was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and won the Edward O. Wilson Naturalist Award from the American Society of Naturalists. Mansi Srivastava received a Maximizing Investigators’ Research Award (R35 MIRA) from the National Institute of General Medicine at the National Institutes for Health. Emeritus Edward O. Wilson received the World Ecology Award, presented by the Missouri Botanical Garden. Six of his books were Jon Black Photography, Tyler Prize Tyler Photography, Jon Black selected for the Library of America, a James McCarthy collection of classical American literature Faculty-Curators made available in new editions. James J. McCarthy was awarded the 2018 Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, Staff often described as the “Nobel Prize for the Paul Dwyer, OEB Administration, and Environment,” for decades of leadership Kristin Pennarun, Assistant Director of in understanding and communicating the Research Administration, were awarded a impacts of climate change. 2018 FAS Dean’s Distinction Award. Prof. McCarthy's research on marine nutrient cycles contributed significantly to the understanding of human activity on Earth's climate. He led the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, producing science that was an important component of the Nobel Peace Prize-winning Inter- governmental Panel on Climate Change, which he co-chaired in 2001. He also served as President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Gonzalo Giribet received an honorary Hoekstra Lab doctorate from the University of Kyle Turner, Hoekstra lab manager, led the Copenhagen. lab to victory in the National Green Labs Hopi E. Hoekstra was elected a fellow Freezer Challenge. of the American Philosophical Society, Three members of the collections staff and the Hoekstra lab was awarded the completed their careers at the MCZ: Bjorkman-Strominger-Wiley Award for Judith Chupasko, Curatorial Associate collaborative research. in Mammalogy; Karsten Hartel, George V. Lauder was awarded a Harvard Curatorial Associate in Ichthyology; and College Professorship for excellence in Philip Perkins, Curatorial Associate in undergraduate teaching. Entomology. Gonzalo Giribet

20 Museum of Comparative Zoology AWARDS & RECOGNITION Awards & Recognition

Postdoctoral Researchers Tauana Cunha, Alyssa Hernandez, Ryan Hulett, Julian Kimura, Vanessa Knutson, Albert Kao received an Omidyar Mara Laslo, Brianna McHorse, Zachary Postdoctoral Fellowship and Baird Scholarship at the Santa Fe Institute. Morris, Shayla Salzman, Kira Treibergs and Zane Wolf each received a Certificate Andi Kautt received an EMBO of Distinction in Teaching from the Derek Long-Term Fellowship. Bok Center. Sangeet Lamichhaney won the Young Patrick Gorring was awarded a Investigator Award for Evolutionary Huron Mountain Wildlife Foundation Studies from the Royal Society of research award. Sciences. Mara Laslo received a research grant Yi-Jyun Luo received a postdoctoral from the Graduate Women in Science. fellowship from the Human Frontiers Science Program. Dave Matthews was awarded a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Alan Cox Paul Graduate Students Fellowship Program grant. Shayla Salzman Olivia Meyerson and Brock Wooldridge received an American Society of Mammalogists Grant-in-Aid of Research. Shayla Salzman received the Arthur K. Bell Award for significant achievement in the study of the non-protein amino acid BMAA from the Brain Chemistry Labs at the Institute for EthnoMedicine. Undergraduate Students Brendan Zhi Min Dean was awarded a Harvard Herchel Smith Undergraduate Fellowship. Wei-Ping Chan Annika Gompers won a Thomas T. Wei-Ping Chan received a Kao Fellowship Hoopes Prize for her senior from the Harvard Graduate School of Arts thesis, “Identification of and Sciences (GSAS). transcriptional regulators of whole-body regeneration.” Richard Childers received a Royal T. Moore award from the Harvard University Rebecca Greenberg was Herbaria. awarded a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Tauana Cunha was awarded a Schlumberger Foundation Faculty for Fellowship Program grant. the Future Fellowship. Dajia Ye won first place Alyssa Hernandez was the 2018 Mentor at the undergraduate ten- of the Year for the Women in STEM minute paper competition Mentorship Program and was elected as for the President’s Prize at a Diversity and Inclusion Fellow at GSAS the Entomological Society of (inaugural year). America’s annual meeting. Tauana Cunha

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 21 Grant Recipients

Grants-in-Aid of Undergraduate Research (GUR) Lackner Tomáš GUR grants support research by Harvard College undergraduates under faculty supervision. Priority is given to projects that utilize MCZ, Harvard University Herbaria (HUH) and Arnold Arboretum (AA) research collections, laboratories and facilities. Support for these grants comes from the MCZ’s Myvanwy M. and George M. Dick Scholarship for Students, HUH and AA.

Recipient Faculty Sponsor/ Project Title Amount Academic Dept. Johnathan Clark Scott V. Edwards/ Comparative genomic study of two North $2,330 Organismic and American thrush species Evolutionary Biology Emmanuel D'Agostino Jonathan B. Losos/ Estimating behavioral, morphological, and $2,500 Organismic and genomic divergence in precopulatory isolation Evolutionary Biology of Anolis sagrei Camille DeSisto Charles Davis/ A multidimensional evaluation of the $2,500 Organismic and conservation implications of the invasive Lori Shapiro Evolutionary Biology strawberry guava in Madagascar Laura Jenny Annika Gompers Mansi Strivastava/ Identification of transcriptional regulators of $2,500 Organismic and whole-body regeneration Evolutionary Biology Rebecca A. Greenberg Hopi E. Hoekstra/ Effect of reproductive status on social burrow $500 Organismic and construction in Peromyscus polionotus Evolutionary Biology Catherine Hua Naomi E. Pierce/ An investigation of the gut microbiota and $2,500 Organismic and evolution of feeding habits of Ceratophaga Evolutionary Biology moths Catherine Hua Scott Edwards Meagan Popp

22 Museum of Comparative Zoology GRANTS

Recipient Faculty Sponsor/ Project Title Amount Academic Dept. Laura Jenny Naomi E. Pierce/ Geographic variation in the Cucurbita pepo $2,500 Organismic and microbiome Evolutionary Biology Maria Park Noel Holbrook/ Carbohydrate transport patterns of woody $1,600 Organismic and trees: Studies on loading type, sink removal, and Evolutionary Biology drought Meagan Popp George V. Lauder/ Denticle pattern of the caudal fin of thresher $810 Organismic and sharks: Locomotion and feeding strategy Evolutionary Biology advantages Allison Rabe David Haig/ Changes in arthropod availability and diet and $2,374 Organismic and morphology of lizards following a hurricane Evolutionary Biology Elizabeth Roux Elizabeth Roux Gonzalo Giribet/ Senior thesis research: Population genetics $2,500 Organismic and and phylogeography of Bdelloura candida, an Evolutionary Biology ectocommensal symbiont of the American horseshoe crab Dann B. Stevens Noel Holbrook/ Light-dependent plasticity in polytrichid mosses $2,370 Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Victoria Tong Hopi E. Hoekstra/ Comparative looming project in Peromyscus $500 Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Lien Tran Ikue Shingu/East Asian Computer-assisted Japanese pronunciation $2,500 Languages training for English speakers: Pitch accent, duration contrast and moraic duration self- assessment tool Adele Woodmansee Charles Davis/ Native maize, transgenic contamination and $2,100 Organismic and agricultural change in a Zapotec community Evolutionary Biology

Total Awards $30,084 Grayson Philip

Robert G. Goelet Research Awards Goelet Awards support MCZ graduate student research projects. These grants are made possible through a gift from Mr. Robert G. Goelet.

Recipient MCZ Department Project Title Amount Philip Grayson Ornithology Insights into the early limb development of $2,500 a volant palaeognath, the Chilean tinamou (Nothoprocta perdicaria) Mara Laslo Herpetology The role of the thyroid hormone in limb $1,525 development of a direct-developing frog Samantha Royle Herpetology Molecular Biology Summer Workshop, New $4,300 England Biolabs

Total Awards $8,325

Samantha Royle

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 23 GRANTS

Ernst Mayr Travel Grants in Animal Systematics Ernst Mayr Grants support travel for research in animal systematics and are open to the scientific community worldwide. The principal objective of these grants is to stimulate taxonomic work on neglected taxa and/or poorly described species. Ernst Mayr Grants typically facilitate visits to institutional collections, with preference given to research that uses MCZ’s collections. These grants are made possible by a gift from Professor and former MCZ Director Ernst Mayr.

Recipient Institutional Project Title Amount Affiliation Salvatore S. Anzaldo Arizona State Identifying and delimiting mimetic $1,300 University species and genera through analysis of type specimens of the fly-mimicking weevils Mnemynurus Heller and Hoplocopturus Heller (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Heather E. Braid Auckland University of Catalogue of the cephalopods in the Scripps $1,000 Sayali Sheth Technology Institute of Oceanography Jessica Colavite University of São Paulo Taxonomy of Macrocoeloma Miers, 1879 $1,000 State, UNESP (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea)

Vinicius de Souza Montana State Critical types of Lycidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) $1,175 Ferreira University in the Gundlach and Zayas collections in Cuba: A revision of the Leptolycini and Thonalmus Bourgeois Gustavo Ernesto Flores Consejo Nacional Revision of type material of the Neotropical $1,000 de Investigaciones tribe Praociini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Arlo Hinckley Estación Biológica de Approaching integrative taxonomy on $1,500 Doñana-CSIC two difficult genera of squirrels from Southeast Asia Tomáš Lackner Bavarian State Histeridae of Morocco (Coleoptera: $1,200 Collection of Zoology Histeroidea)

Sarah Maunsell Maria Cecilia Melo Consejo Nacional Diversity of the Reduviidae (Hemiptera: $1,500 de Investigaciones Heteroptera) from Argentina Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Roberta G. Mendes Museu Paraense Taxonomy of Monopeltis (Reptilia: $1,500 Emílio Goeldi Amphisbaenia) and the description of a new genus for Africa Zeeshan Ayaz Mirza National Centre for Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Metopilio $1,500 Biological Sciences group (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Phalangioidea) Allan Rodrigo Oliveira Federal University of Revision of pharyngodonid nematodes of $1,500 Rodrigues Para, Brazil mammals and fishes Jiawei Shen Russian Academy of Anochetus Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera: $1,500 Sciences Formicidae: Ponerinae) of the MCZ Sayali Dilip Sheth MES’s Abasaheb Assessment of Indian aquatic Coleoptera $1,500 Garware College collection deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic Mariana Viglino Universidad de Buenos Fossil platanistoids from Patagonia $1,300 Aires (Argentina) as a key to understand their evolutionary history during the enigmatic early Miocene

Total Awards $18,475

Jessica Colavite 24 Museum of Comparative Zoology GRANTS

Putnam Expedition Grants Putnam Expedition Grants are intended to support MCZ faculty-curators, postdoctoral fellows and graduate students in collecting specimens and data relating to the study of comparative zoology. Priority is given to projects that collect living specimens in regions where habitats are threatened or fossil specimens in regions most likely to hold important clues for unraveling evolutionary strategies. These grants are made possible by a gift from Mr. George Putnam, Jr., AB 1949 and MBA 1951, and Mrs. Nancy Putnam.

Recipient Institutional Project Title Amount Affiliation Dan Bock Herpetology The contribution of intraspecific admixture $5,000 to colonization success in a widespread invasive species Gustavo Bravo Ornithology Genomic basis of phenotypic divergence $5,474 associated to environmental conditions in the Thamnophilidae Paolucci Florencia Shahan Derkarabetian Invertebrate Zoology The unknown triaenonychid harvestmen of $7,030 Mariana Viglino Australia Scott V. Edwards Ornithology Genomic resources for Mongolian birds, $16,980 with a focus on geographic variation in gene expression in habitat generalists Gonzalo Giribet Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca caribaeana pursuit: In search of the $5,371 first velvet worm Nicholas Herrmann Herpetology Experimental test for the evolutionary $3,340 consequences of ecological release Sarah Maunsell Entomology Evolution of private communication channels $9,912 in endemic New Zealand butterflies Kathrin Näpflin Ornithology Disentangling the evolutionary causes and $6,687 consequences of a pathogen spill-over into a novel host Naomi E. Pierce Entomology Ants and myrmecophiles from New World $8,902 ant plants Stephanie E. Pierce Vertebrate The rise of tetrapods during the $9,000 Paleontology Carboniferous Sofia Prado-Irwin Ornithology Diversification of island and mainland Anolis $6,200 lemurinus Nick Herrmann

C. Jonathan Schmitt Ornithology Phylogeography, genetic basis, and evolution of $6,900 carotenoid coloration in Andean birds

Flavia Termignoni Ornithology Genomics and neurobiology of cooperative $6,226 Garcia breeding in birds

Total Awards $97,022 SofiaPrado-Irwin Israel Escalante Aviles Escalante Israel Miguel CamachoMiguel Arlo Hinckley Annual Report 2017 . 2018 25 joa_230_1_oc_Layout 1 09-12-2016 10:17 Page 1

ISSN 0021- 8782 Volume 230, Issue 1, January 2017 ora fAnatomy Journal of Journal of Journal of Anatomy Volume 230, Issue 1, Pages 1–196, January 2017 Publications in 2017

1 Editorial Review Article Anatomy 4 The neuroanatomy of autism – a developmental perspective A.P.A. Donovan and M.A. Basson Structure, Function, Development, Evolution oue20 su ,Pages 1–196, January 2017 Issue 1, Volume 230, Original Articles 16 Convergent evolutionary reduction of atrial septation in lungless salamanders • Akanyeti O, Lauder GV, Putney J, Yanagitsuru Tree of Life for bivalves based on a Sanger- Z.R. Lewis and J. Hanken 30 Role of C16, angiopoietin-1 and regeneration gene protein 2 in attenuating inflammation in an experimental rat model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis K.-W. Tian, F. Zhang, H. Jiang, B. Wang and S. Han YR, Stewart WJ, Liao JC (2017) Accelerating fishes sequencing approach. Mol Phylogenet Evol 47 The palatal dentition of tetrapods and its functional significance R. Matsumoto and S.E. Evans 66 Geometric morphometrics reveals restrictions on the shape of the female os coxae increase propulsive efficiency by modulating 107:191-208 N. Candelas González, J. Rascón Pérez, B. Chamero, O. Cambra-Moo and A. González Martín 75 PTH(1-34) effects on repairing experimentally drilled holes in rat femur: novel aspects – qualitative vs. quantitative improvement of osteogenesis F. Cavani, M. Ferretti, A. Smargiassi and C. Palumbo vortex ring geometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 Effects of cranial integration on hominid endocranial shape C.P.E. Zollikofer, T. Bienvenu and M.S. Ponce de León • Combosch DJ, Lemer S, Ward PD, Landman NH, 106 Successive motor nerve blocks to identify the muscles causing a spasticity pattern: example of the arm flexion pattern 114:13828-13833 F. Genet, A. Schnitzler, F. Droz-Bartholet, M. Salga, L. Tatu, C. Debaud, P. Denormandie and B. Parratte Giribet G (2017) Genomic signatures of evolution 117 Longitudinal bone growth is impaired by direct involvement of caffeine with chondrocyte differentiation in the growth plate H. Choi, Y. Choi, J. Kim, J. Bae and J. Roh 128 Virtual endocast of the early Oligocene Cedromus wilsoni (Cedromurinae) and brain evolution in • Álvarez-Campos P, Giribet G, Riesgo A (2017) in Nautilus—An endangered living fossil. Mol Ecol squirrels O.C. Bertrand, F. Amador-Mughal and M.T. Silcox 152 How maturity influences annulus-endplate integration in the ovine intervertebral disc: a micro- and ultra-structural study The Syllis gracilis species complex: A molecular 26:5923-593 S.A. Rodrigues, A. Thambyah and N.D. Broom Abstracts 165 Back to the Future Incorporating an Education Symposium Establishing a Para-Curriculum in Anatomy approach to a difficult taxonomic problem • Danto M, Witzmann F, Pierce SE, Fröbisch Information on this journal can be accessed at: http://www.journalofanatomy.com (Annelida, Syllidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol Cover illustration: Contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan of a Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexi- canum) at two different opacities. The heart is segmented and colored: sinus venosus (green), atrium (purple), ventricle (yel- NB (2017) Intercentrum versus pleurocentrum low) and outflow tract (cyan); lungs are white. Lewis and Hanken compare lunged and lungless salamanders to document the fate of the atrial septum during the independent evolution of lunglessness in different clades. Using micro-CT and histo- 109:138-150 logical reconstruction, they demonstrate that two lineages of lungless salamanders have convergently lost a prominent por- tion of the atrial septum. growth in early tetrapods: A paleohistological • Álvarez-Campos P, Giribet G, San Martín G, approach. J Anat 278:1262-1283 Rouse GW, Riesgo A (2017) Straightening the Z.R. Lewis and James Hanken striped chaos: Systematics and evolution of • De Sosa I, Fernández-Marchán D, Novo M, Díaz contributed the cover story on Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudo-cryptic Cosín DJ, Giribet G, Fernández R (2017) Insights lungless salamanders for Journal type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, into the origin of parthenogenesis in oligochaetes: of Anatomy. Syllidae). Zool J Linnean Soc 179:492-540 Strong genetic structure in a cosmopolitan earthworm is not related to reproductive mode. • Baker CCM, Martins DJ, Pelaez JN, Billen JPJ, Eur J Soil Biol 81:31-38

25 October 2017 Pringle A, Frederickson ME, Pierce NE (2017) Distinctive fungal communities in an obligate • Deetjen ME, Biewener AA, Lentink D (2017) African ant plant mutualism. Proc R Soc B High-speed surface reconstruction of a flying bird 284:20162501 using structured-light. J Exp Biol 220:1956-1961 • Deichmann JL, Mulcahy DG, Vanthomme VOLUME 829 • Benavides LR, Giribet G, Hormiga G (2017) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of “pirate H, Tobi E, Wynn AH, Zimkus BM, McDiarmid spiders” (Araneae, Mimetidae) with the RW (2017) How many species and under what description of a new African genus and the first names? Using DNA barcoding and GenBank data report of maternal care in the family. Cladistics for west Central African amphibian conservation. 33:375-405 PLoS ONE 12:e0187283 • Bendesky A, Kwon Y-M, Lassance J-M, • Dick TJM, Biewener AA, Wakeling JM (2017) Lewarch CL, Yao S, Peterson BK, He MX, Dulac Comparison of human gastrocnemius forces C, Hoekstra HE (2017) The genetic basis of predicted by Hill-type muscle models and parental care evolution in monogamous mice. estimated from ultrasound images. J Exp Biol Nature 554:434-439 220:1643-1653 Research by George V. Lauder • Dickson BV, Sherratt E, Losos JB, Pierce SE and colleagues was featured • Bilandžija H, Laslo M, Porter ML, Fong DW (2017) Melanization in response to wounding is (2017) Semicircular canals in Anolis lizards: on the cover of Journal of Fluid Ecomorphological convergence and ecomorph Mechanics. ancestral in arthropods and conserved in albino cave species. Sci Rep 7:17148 affinities of fossil species.R Soc open sci 4:710058 • Bruenn R, Lavenburg V, Salzman S (2017) • Dimitrov D, Benavides LR, Arnedo MA, Don’t judge a plant by its flowers.Front Young Giribet G, Griswold CE, Scharff N, Hormiga Minds 5:31 G (2017) Rounding up the usual suspects: A THE INTERNATIONAL WEEKLY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE standard target-gene approach for resolving • Campbell-Staton SC, Cheviron ZA, Rochette N, the interfamilial phylogenetic relationships Flow Catchen J, Losos JB, Edwards SV (2017) Winter of ecribellate orb-weaving spiders with a new charted storms drive rapid phenotypic, regulatory, and family-rank classification (Araneae, Araneoidea). The sophisticated sensory system that allows genomic shifts in the green anole lizard. Science Cladistics 33:221-250 zebrafish to navigate currents PAGES 406 & 445 357:495-498 • DiSanto V, Blevins EL, Lauder GV (2017) Batoid • Clouse RM, Branstetter MG, Buenavente fish locomotion: Effects of speed on pectoral fin PAC, Crowley LM, Czekanski-Moir J, General deformation in the little skate Leucoraja erinacea. DEM, Giribet G, et al (2017) First global J Exp Biol 220:705-712 molecular phylogeny and biogeographical SPACE SCIENCE METHODOLOGY APPLIED PHYSICS NATURE.COM/NATURE 27 July 2017 ROCKET-DRIVEN MEASURED SOUND Vol. 547, No. 7664 • DiSanto V, Kenaley CP, Lauder GV (2017) High REVOLUTION RESPONSE CHECKED analysis of two arachnid orders (Schizomida China’s investment in space Use metrology to tackle Spintronic oscillator mimics exploration pays dividends experimental reproducibility neurons in speech recognition PAGE 394 PAGE 397 PAGES 407 & 428 and Uropygi) supports a tropical Pangean postural costs and anaerobic metabolism during origin and mid-Cretaceous diversification. swimming support the hypothesis of a U-shaped George V. Lauder and colleagues J Biogeogr 44:2660-2672 metabolism-speed curve in fishes.Proc Natl Acad contributed research on larval Sci USA 114: 13048-13053. zebrafish for the cover story of • Combosch DJ, Collins TM, Glover EA, Graf Nature. DL, Harper EM, Healy JM, Kawauchi GY, Lemer • Edwards SV, Cloutier AC, Baker AJ (2017) S, McIntyre E, Strong EE, Taylor JD, Zardus JD, Conserved nonexonic elements: A novel class of Mikkelsen PM, Giribet G (2017) A family-level marker for phylogenomics. Syst Biol 66:1028-1044

26 Museum of Comparative Zoology MCZ PUBLICATIONS

• Fernández R, Sharma PP, Tourinho AL, Protobranchia: Comparison with other • Laurindo da Silva F, Farrell BD Publications in 2017 Giribet G (2017) The Opiliones tree of life: bivalve mollusks and potential taxonomic (2017) Non-biting midges (Diptera: Shedding light on harvestmen relationships and phylogenetic significance.Fieldiana Chironomidae) research in South America: through transcriptomics. Proc R Soc B Zool 11:1-28 Subsidizing biogeographic hypotheses. Ann 284:20162340 Limnol - Int J Lim 53:111-128 • Hu CK, Hoekstra HE (2017) Peromyscus • Fish F, Lauder GV (2017) Control surfaces burrowing: A model system for behavioral • Lehn AM, Thornycroft PJM, Lauder GV, of aquatic vertebrates: Active and passive evolution. Sem Cell Dev Biol 61:107-114 Leftwich MC (2017) The effect of input design and function. J Exp Biol 229:4351-4363 perturbation on the performance and wake • Irschick DJ, Fu AL, Lauder GV, Wilga dynamics of aquatic propulsion in heaving • Flammang BE, Tangorra JL, Mignano CD, Kuo C-Y, Hammerschlag N (2017) A flexible panels.Phys Rev Fluids 2:023101 AP, Lauder GV (2017) Building a fish: comparative morphological analysis of The biology and engineering behind a body and fin shape for eight shark species. • Lewis ZR, Hanken J (2017) Convergent bioinspired autonomous underwater Biol J Linnean Soc 122:589-604 evolutionary reduction of atrial septation vehicle. MTS J 51:15-22 in lungless salamanders. J Anat 230:16–29 • Jusufi A, Vogt D, Wood R,Lauder GV • Gainett G, Michalik P, Müller CHG, (2017) Undulatory swimming performance • Liu G, Ren Y, Dong H, Akanyeti O, Liao J, Giribet G, Talarico G, Willemart RH (2017) and body stiffness modulation in a soft Lauder GV (2017) Computational analysis Ultrastructure of chemoreceptive tarsal robotic fish model.SoRo 4:202-210 of vortex dynamics and performance sensilla in an armored harvestman and enhancement due to body-fin and fin-fin evidence of olfaction across Laniatores • Kamath A, Losos JB (2017) Does interactions in fish-like locomotion.J Fluid (Arachnida, Opiliones). Arthropod Struct ecological specialization transcend scale? Mech 829:65-88 Dev 46:178-195 Habitat partitioning among individuals and species of Anolis lizards. Evolution • Liu L, Zhang J, Rheindt FE, Lei F, Qu • Gainett G, Michalik P, Müller CHG, 71:541-549 Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Sullivan C, Nie W, Giribet G, Talarico G, Willemart RH (2017) Wang J, Yang F, Chen J, Edwards SV, Putative thermo-/hygroreceptive tarsal • Kamath A, Losos JB (2017) The erratic Meng J, Wu S (2017) Genomic evidence sensilla on the sensory legs of an armored and contingent progression of research reveals a radiation of placental mammals harvestman (Arachnida, Opiliones). Zool on territoriality: A case study. Behav Ecol uninterrupted by the KPg boundary. Proc Anz 270:81-97 Sociobiol 71:89 Natl Acad Sci USA 114:E7282-E7290 • Gilbert PUPA, Bergmann KD, Myers CE, • Kambic RE, Biewener AA, Pierce SE • Losos DN, Weaver JBR, Fies TW, Herrel Marcus MA, DeVol RT, Sun C-Y, Blonsky AZ, (2017) Experimental determination of A, Fabre A-C, Losos JB (2017) The curious Zhao J, Karan EA, Tamre N, Lemer S, Guiffre three-dimensional cervical joint mobility in case of the left-sided dewlap: Directional AJ, Giribet G, Eiler JM, Knoll AH (2017) the avian neck. Front Zool 14:1-15 asymmetry in the Curaçao anole, Anolis Nacre tablet thickness records formation • Kingsley EP, Kozak KM, Pfeifer SP, Yang lineatus. Breviora 553:1-7 temperature in modern and fossil shells. D-S, Hoekstra HE (2017) The ultimate Earth Planet Sci Lett 460:281-292 • Lucas KN, Dabiri JO, Lauder GV (2017) A and proximate mechanisms driving the pressure-based force and torque prediction • Giribet G, Benavides LR, Merino-Sáinz I evolution of long tails in forest deer mice. technique for the study of fish-like (2017) The systematics and biogeography Evolution 71:261-273 swimming. PLoS ONE 12:e0189225 of the mite harvestman family Sironidae • Kolbe JJ, Wegener JE, Stuart YE, Milstead (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi) • Maia A, Lauder GV, Wilga CD (2017) U, Boronow KE, Harrison AS, Losos JB Hydrodynamic function of dorsal fins in with the description of five new species. (2017) An incipient invasion of brown Invertebr Syst 31:456-491 spiny dogfish and bamboo sharks during anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) into their own steady swimming. J Exp Biol 220:3967-3975 • Giribet G, Edgecombe GD (2017) Current native range in the Cayman Islands: A case understanding of Ecdysozoa and its internal of cryptic back-introduction. Biol Invasions • Mallarino R, Linden TA, Linnen CR, phylogenetic relationships. Integr Comp Biol 19:1989-1998 Hoekstra HE (2017) The role of isoforms 57:455-466 in the evolution of cryptic coloration in • Kvist S, Oceguera-Figueroa A, Tessler Peromyscus mice. Mol Ecol 26:245-258 • Graham JM, Kao AB, Wilhelm DA, Garnier M, Jiménez-Armenta J, Freeman RM, S (2017) Optimal construction of army ant Giribet G, Siddall ME (2017) When • McHorse BK, Biewener AA, Pierce SE living bridges. J Theor Biol 435:184-198 predator becomes prey: Investigating (2017) Mechanics of evolutionary digit the salivary transcriptome of the shark- reduction in fossil horses (Equidae). Proc R • Grayson P, Sin S-YW, Sackton TB, feeding leech Pontobdella macrothela Soc B 284:20171174 Edwards SV (2017) Comparative genomics (Hirudinea: Piscicolidae). Zool J Linn Soc as a foundation for evo-devo studies in 179:725-737 • de Medeiros BAS, Barghini A, Vanin SA birds. In Methods in Molecular Biology: (2017) Streetlights attract a broad array of Avian and Reptilian Developmental Biology • Lai A, Arnold A, Wakeling J (2017) Why beetle species. Rev Bras entomol 61:74-79 (Shen G ed) Humana Press: New York are antagonist muscles co-activated in my simulation? A musculoskeletal model for • Metz HC, Bedford NL, Pan L, Hoekstra • Harvey MS, Rix MG, Harms D, Giribet analyzing human locomotor tasks. Ann HE (2017) Evolution and genetics of G, Vink CJ, Walter DE (2017) The Biomed Eng 45:2762-2774 precocious burrowing behavior in biogeography of Australasian arachnids. Peromyscus mice. Curr Biol 27:3837-3845 • Laumer CE, Giribet G (2017) Phylogenetic In Handbook of Australasian Biogeography • Moore TY, Cooper KL, Biewener AA, Vasudevan (Ebach MC ed) CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL relationships within Adiaphanida (phylum Platyhelminthes) and the status of the R (2017) Unpredictability of escape trajectory • Healy JM, Mikkelsen PM, Giribet G, crustacean-parasitic genus Genostoma. explains predator evasion ability and microhabitat Bieler R (2017) Sperm ultrastructure of the Invertebr Biol 136:184-198 preference of desert rodents. Nat Commun 8:440

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 27 MCZ PUBLICATIONS

mee3_8_11_issueinfo1_Layout 1 30-10-2017 15:54 Page 1 • Moore TY, Rivera AM, Biewener AA (2017) • Schär S, Vila R, Petrović A, Tomanović Ž, Pierce Vertical leaping mechanics of the Lesser Egyptian NE, Nash DR (2017) Molecular substitution rate Jerboa reveal specialization for maneuverability increases with latitude in butterflies: Evidence for

Volume 8 • Number 11 • November 2017 rather than elastic energy storage. Front Zool 14:1-12 a trans-glacial latitudinal layering of populations? ISSN 2041-210X Ecography 40:930-935 • Neenan JM, Reich T, Evers SW, Druckenmiller PS, Voeten DFAE, Choiniere, JN, Barrett PM, • Schwentner M, Combosch DJ, Nelson JP, Pierce SE, and Benson RBJ (2017) Evolution of the Giribet G (2017) A phylogenomic solution to the sauropterygian labyrinth with increasingly pelagic origin of insects by resolving crustacean-hexapod lifestyles. Curr Biol 27:3852-3858 relationships. Curr Biol 27:1818-1824 • Oteiza P, Odstrcil I, Portugues R, Lauder • Sears MAB, Lenihan JW, Baldinger AJ, GV, Engert F (2017) A novel mechanism for Woollacott RM (2017) The Blagg Collection Editors: Rob Freckleton, Lee Hsiang Liow, Bob O’Hara, Jana Vamosi mechanosensory-based rheotaxis in larval of California Bryozoa in the Museum of zebrafish.Nature 547:445-448 Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Breviora 556:1-12 • Peris D, Pérez-de la Fuente R, Peñalver E, Delclòs Research by D.K. Wainright and X, Barrón E, Labandeira CC (2017) False blister • Seltman KC, Cobb NS, Gall LF, Bartlett CR, and George Lauder on biological beetles and the expansion of gymnosperm- 43 others including Hawkins RL, Pierce NE (2017) surface topography was featured insect pollination modes before angiosperm LepNet: The Lepidoptera of North America as the cover story of Methods in dominance. Curr Biol 27:897-904 Network. Zootaxa 4247:73-77 Ecology and Evolution. • Pickersgill M, Zimkus BM, Raw LRG (2017) • Seth D, Flammang BE, Lauder GV, Tangorra JL A new species of Phrynobatrachus (Anura: (2017) Development of a vortex generator to Phrynobatrachidae) from the Eastern Arc perturb fish locomotion.J Exp Biol 220:959-963 Mountains of Tanzania. Zootaxa 4350:151-163 • Termignoni-Garcia F, Jaramillo-Correa JP, • Pierce SE, Williams M, Benson RBJ (2017) Chable-Santos J, Liu M, Shultz AJ, Edwards SV, Virtual reconstruction of the endocranial Escalante-Pliego P (2017) Genomic footprints of anatomy of the early Jurassic marine adaptation in a cooperatively breeding tropical crocodylomorph Pelagosaurus typus bird across a vegetation gradient. Mol Ecol (Thalattosuchia). PeerJ 5:e3225 26:4483-4496 • de Queiroz K, Losos JB (2017) Anolis pulchellus • Tigano A, Shultz AJ, Edwards SV, Robertson GJ, (Puerto Rican grass-bush anole) and Sphaerodactylus Friesen VL (2017) Outlier analyses to test for local macrolepis (big-scaled dwarf gecko). Predator-prey adaptation to breeding grounds in a migratory interaction. Herpetol Rev 48:184 arctic seabird. Ecol Evol 7:2370-2381 • Raz AA, Srivastava M, Salvamoser R, Reddien • Voolstra CR, GIGA Community of Scientists PW (2017) Acoel regeneration mechanisms (including Giribet G), Wörheide G, Lopez JV indicate an ancient role for muscle in (2017) Advancing genomics through the Global In The Origins of Creativity, regenerative patterning. Nat Commun 8:1260 Invertebrate Genomics Alliance (GIGA). Invertebr Edward O. Wilson explores the Syst 31:1-7 genesis of humanity's innate • Riesgo A, Burke EA, Laumer C, Giribet G quest for originality. (2017) Genetic variation and geographic • Wainwright DK, Lauder GV, Weaver JC (2017) differentiation in the marine tricladBdelloura Imaging biological surface topography in situ and candida (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola), in vivo. Methods Ecol Evol 8:1626-1638 ectocommensal on the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. Mar Biol 164:111 • Weichert A, Feilich K, Lauder GV (2017) Structure of supporting elements in the dorsal fin • Ros IG, Bhagavatula PS, Lin HT, Biewener of percid fishes.J Morphol 278:1716-1725 AA (2017) Rules to fly by: Pigeons navigating horizontal obstacles limit steering by selecting • Wilson EO (2017) The Origins of Creativity. gaps most aligned to their bearing. Interface Focus Liveright Publishing: New York 7:20160093 • Wittwer B, Hefetz A, Simon T, Murphy LEK, • Rosic ML, Thornycroft PJM, Feilich KL, Lucas Elgar MA, Pierce NE, Kocher SD (2017) Solitary KN, Lauder GV (2017) Performance variation due bees reduce investment in communication to stiffness in a tuna-inspired flexible foil model. compared with their social relatives. Proc Natl Bioinspiration Biomim 12:016011 Acad Sci USA 114:6569-6574 • Sadaat M, Fish F, Domel A, Di Santo V, Lauder • Zimkus BM, Lawson LP, Barej MF, Barratt CD, GV, Haj-Hariri H (2017) On the rules for aquatic Channing A, Dash KM, Dehling JM, Du Preez L, locomotion. Phys Rev Fluids 2:083102 Gehring P-S, Greenbaum E, Gvoždík V, Harvey Research on the communication J, Kielgast J, Kusamba C, Nagy ZT, Pabijan M, of solitary bees by L.E.K. • Sanders JG, Lukasik P, Frederickson ME, Pierce Penner J, Rödel M-O, Vences M, Lötters S (2017) Murphy, Naomi Pierce and NE (2017) Dramatic differences in gut bacterial Leapfrogging into new territory: How Mascarene S.D. Kocher was featured on the cover of PNAS. densities help to explain the relationship ridged frogs diversified across Africa and between diet and habitat in rainforest ants. Madagascar to maintain their ecological niche. Integr Comp Biol 57:705-722 Mol Phylogenet Evol 106:254-269

28 Museum of Comparative Zoology Financial Data

These charts describe the income and expenses of the Museum of Comparative Zoology in fiscal year 2018.

Endowment income funds much of the Museum’s Projects include payment of the balance of deployment activities, including acquisition and maintenance of of collections to the newly constructed space in the collections, faculty and staff salaries, capital projects, Northwest Building and renovation of the MCZ’s ground facilities renovation and maintenance. Included floor prep lab. Building expenses such as maintenance, in Endowment Income is the annual distribution facility improvements and utilities are captured in the (payout) and endowed funds decapitalized per donor Space & Occupancy category. Operating Expenses request. Transfers include financial support for the consist of equipment purchases, supplies, and consultant Ernst Mayr Library and other Harvard-funded projects. and conference fees, as well as annual subventions to Other Income comprises miscellaneous income from the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology publication subscriptions, royalties, sales and fees, and (OEB) for administrative services and MCZ support for cost recovery from other MCZ-sponsored activities. faculty-curator research. Support for MCZ-affiliated Overhead is funding paid from MCZ-based sponsored graduate students in OEB is included in Scholarships, projects to cover facilities and administrative costs for Awards & Travel. Institutional Expenses are support for those projects. It is shown as both income (Overhead other University activities outside the MCZ, including FAS Earned) and expenses (Overhead Charged). Reserves and University initiatives and general operating support indicates balances utilized to fund operations. Capital to the Harvard Museums of Science and Culture.

INCOME EXPENSES & NON-OPERATING FUNDS

Endowment 78% Capitalized Salaries & Fringe Balances <1% Benefits 42% Capital Projects <1% Overhead Charged (Sponsored) 3%

Scholarships, Awards & Federal Travel 5% Sponsored Gifts <1% Revenue Other Income Space & 9% Operating <1% Occupancy 14% Expenses 21% Reserves Transfers 4% 2% Nonfederal Sponsored Overhead Institutional Expenses Revenue 4% Earned 3% 15%

Income Expenses Endowment $16,140,267 Salaries & Fringe Benefits $8,660,237 Federal Sponsored Revenue $1,891,360 Operating Expenses $4,333,639 Reserves $737,122 Institutional Expenses $3,114,590 Nonfederal Sponsored Revenue $706,847 Space & Occupancy $2,863,280 Overhead Earned $588,480 Scholarships, Awards & Travel $1,046,091 Transfers $470,741 Overhead Charged (Sponsored) $588,480 Gifts $56,000 Capitalized Balances $29,605 Other Income $46,770 Capital Projects $1,664 Total $20,637,587 Total $20,637,587

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 29 Personnel

Faculty-Curators Edward O. Wilson Albert Kao Honorary Curator in Entomology; Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Andrew A. Biewener University Research Professor, Emeritus Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology; Andreas Kautt Director, Concord Field Station Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Scott V. Edwards Postdoctoral Fellows, Research Melissa Kemp Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Associates & Visiting Scholars Herpetology, Losos Lab Biology; Alexander Agassiz Professor of Simon Baeckens Sangeet Lamichhaney Zoology; Curator of Ornithology Herpetology, Losos Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Brian D. Farrell Christopher Baker Oriol Lapiedra Gonzalez Professor of Biology; Curator of Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Entomology; Director, David Rockefeller Leandro Becker Center for Latin American Studies Jean-Marc Lassance Ornithology, Edwards Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Gonzalo Giribet Ligia Benavides Silva Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Fabio Laurindo da Silva Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Biology; Alexander Agassiz Professor Entomology, Farrell Lab of Zoology; Harvard College Professor; Dan Bock Yuanheng Li Curator of Invertebrate Zoology Herpetology, Losos Lab Entomology, N. Pierce Lab James Hanken Marcela Bolaños David Lubertazzi Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Global Ant Project, Wilson Lab Professor of Zoology; Curator of Michael Braby Herpetology; Director, MCZ Yi-Jyun Luo Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Hopi E. Hoekstra Gustavo Bravo Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Pierre-Jean Malé Ornithology, Edwards Lab Biology; Professor of Molecular & Entomology, N. Pierce Cellular Biology; Alexander Agassiz Jeremy Cohen Fabricio Marcondes Machado Professor of Zoology; Curator of Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Mammalogy; Howard Hughes Medical Jesus Alberto Cruz Lopez Institute Investigator; Harvard College Rafael Marcondes Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Professor Ornithology, Edwards Lab Shahan Derkarabetian George V. Lauder Sarah Maunsell Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Professor of Biology; Henry Bryant Herpetology, Losos Lab Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology; Curator Valentina Di Santo Juan Moles of Ichthyology Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Entomology, Giribet Lab Jonathan B. Losos Terry Dial Renata Moretti Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Biology; Monique & Philip Lehner Colin Donihue Kathrin Näpflin Professor for the Study of Latin America; Herpetology, Losos Lab Curator of Herpetology Ornithology, Edwards Lab Claire Dufour Tess Oram James J. McCarthy Herpetology, Losos Lab Professor of Biological Oceanography; Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological Jan Engelhardt Altai Carlos Pavon Paneque Oceanography; Acting Curator of Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Malacology Stacy Farina Ricardo Pérez de la Fuente Naomi E. Pierce Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Entomology, Farrell Lab Sidney A. & John H. Hessel Professor of Andrew Gehrke Biology; Curator of Lepidoptera Sebastian Pohl Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Stephanie E. Pierce Anthony Geneva Sophie Pryal Regnault Assistant Professor of Organismic Herpetology, Losos Lab & Evolutionary Biology; Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab Vertebrate Paleontology Elsa Goerig Katia Reinhard Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Mansi Srivastava Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Assistant Professor of Organismic Ariane Gouvea Lorenzo Ricci & Evolutionary Biology; Curator of Ornithology, Edwards Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Invertebrate Zoology Aaron Hartmann Mehdi Saadat Robert M. Woollacott Hrdy Fellow, Giribet Lab Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Professor of Biology; Curator of Marine Caroline Hu Invertebrates Allison Shultz Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Emeritus Faculty Charlotte Jandér Elizabeth Sibert Entomology, N. Pierce Lab A.W. “Fuzz” Crompton Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Fisher Katrina Jones James Sikes Professor of Natural History, Emeritus Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Richard C. Lewontin Robert Kambic Simon Yung Wa Sin Professor of Biology, Emeritus; Alexander Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Agassiz Professor of Zoology, Emeritus

30 Museum of Comparative Zoology PERSONNEL

Devraj Singh Alyssa Hernandez Associates Michael Huben Ornithology, Edwards Lab Entomology, Farrell Lab Gary Alpert Associate of Entomology Personnel Independent Researcher Katherine Stryjewski Evan Hoki Associate of Entomology Ornithology, Edwards Lab Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Harvard University Berthold HÖlldobler Brian S. Arbogast Associate of Entomology Gerard Talavera Mor Ryan Hulett Arizona State University Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Associate of Mammalogy University of North Carolina, Wilmington Gustavo Hormiga Flavia Termignoni Garcia Sangil Kim Bruce Archibald Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Ornithology, Edwards Lab Entomology, Farrell Lab The George Washington University Associate of Entomology Chris Tijs Julian Kimura Simon Fraser University Helen F. James Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Ruth Hortencia Bastardo Landrau Associate of Ornithology Smithsonian National Museum of João Tonini Vanessa Knutson Associate of Entomology Natural History Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Universidad Autónoma de Santo Roger Vila Ujaldon Philip Lai Domingo Alan Kabat Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab & Aaron Bauer Associate of Malacology Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab Attorney, Bernabei & Wachtel Pengcheng Wang Associate of Herpetology Ornithology, Edwards Lab Mara Laslo Villanova University Leslie S. Kaufman Herpetology, Hanken Lab Associate of Ichthyology Catherine West Reinier Beeuwkes III Boston University Ornithology, Edwards Lab Caitlin Lewarch Associate of the Concord Field Station Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Ischemix, LLC (MA) Gisele Y. Kawauchi Melissa Whitaker Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Inbar Maayan Andrew Berry University of São Paulo Herpetology, Losos Lab Associate of Population Genetics Masaya Yago Harvard University Anthony E. Kiszewski Entomology, N. Pierce Lab David Matthews Associate of Entomology Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Elizabeth Brainerd Bentley University Associate of Ichthyology Brianna McHorse Graduate Students Brown University Timothy Laman Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab & Rockwell Anyoha Associate of Ornithology Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab Jae Choe Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab National Geographic Society Associate of Entomology Olivia Meyerson Jennifer Austiff Ewha Womans University Phillip Lobel Herpetology, Hanken Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Janet Collett Associate of Ichthyology Boston University Felix Baier Zachary Morris Associate of Population Genetics Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab University of Sussex David Lohman Caitlin Baker Bruno Souza de Medeiros Bruce Collette Associate of Entomology The City College of New York Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Entomology, Farrell Lab Associate of Ichthyology Nicole Bedford Pavitra Muralidhar National Marine Fisheries Service Vladimir A. Lukhtanov Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab David Bruce Conn Associate of Entomology Russian Academy of Sciences Jasmin Camacho Sofia Prado-Irwin Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Berry College D. Luke Mahler Associate of Herpetology Alyson Ramirez James Costa Wei-Ping Chan University of Toronto Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Associate of Entomology Western Carolina University James Mallet Samantha Royle Richard Childers Associate of Population Genetics Herpetology, Hanken Lab Catherine Craig Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Harvard University Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Shayla Salzman Julia Cosgrove Conservation Through Poverty Duane D. McKenna Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Alleviation, International Associate of Entomology Shoyo Sato Tauana Cunha Harlan Dean University of Memphis Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Russell Mittermeier Blake Dickson Carl Jonathan Schmitt Harvard University Associate of Herpetology Ornithology, Edwards Lab Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab Lloyd Demetrius Conservation International Amanda Evans Kari Taylor-Burt Associate of Population Genetics Piotr Naskrecki Entomology, Farrell Lab Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Harvard University Associate of Entomology Conservation International Jacob Gable Kira Treibergs Philip DeVries Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Woollacott Lab Associate of Entomology Diane B. Paul University of New Orleans Associate of Population Genetics Dylan Wainwright Kadeem Gilbert Harvard University Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Gregory D. Edgecombe Associate of Invertebrate Zoology David L. Pawson Zhengyang Wang Patrick Gorring Natural History Museum, London Associate of Marine Biology Entomology, Farrell Lab Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Ben Evans Smithsonian National Museum of Rebecca Zane Wolf Natural History Philip Grayson Associate of Herpetology Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab McMaster University Paulo Petry Tyler Brock Wooldridge Emily Hager Brooke E. Flammang Associate of Ichthyology Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab The Nature Conservancy Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Associate of Ichthyology Michael Brent Hawkins Xuemei Zhai New Jersey Institute of Technology Ricardo Pinto da Rocha Biological Oceanography, McCarthy Lab Herpetology, Hanken Lab Michael Hadfield Associate of Invertebrate Zoology University of São Paulo Associate of Marine Biology University of Hawaii

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 31 PERSONNEL

R. Graham Reynolds Dorothy Barr Nikki Hughes Associate of Herpetology Public Services/MCB Liaison Librarian, Faculty Assistant, Mammalogy & University of North Carolina, Asheville Ernst Mayr Library Ornithology Michael Rex Penny Benson Amie Jones Associate of Malacology Curatorial Assistant, Malacology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Entomology University of Massachusetts, Boston Emily Blank Marcia Kazmierczak Jessica Rykken Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Staff Assistant, Collections Operations Associate of Entomology Ronnie Broadfoot Michelle Kennedy Harvard University Coordinator of Access Services, Ernst Collections Information & Database Carl Schmitt Mayr Library Specialist Associate of Ornithology Christopher Capobianco Jeremy Kisala Independent Researcher Technician & Preparator, Vertebrate Curatorial Assistant, Collections Donna Schmitt Paleontology Operations Associate of Ornithology Judith Chupasko Laura Leibensperger Independent Researcher Curatorial Associate, Mammalogy Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Çağan H. Şekercioğlu Zoology April Collins Associate of Ornithology Acquisitions and Technology Specialist, Jennifer Lenihan-Trimble University of Utah Ernst Mayr Library Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Andrea Sequeira Zoology Stefan Cover Associate of Entomology Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Lisa Litchfield Wellesley College Administrator, Concord Field Station Jessica Cundiff Steven O. Shattuck Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate & Maggie Lopes Associate of Entomology Vertebrate Paleontology Manager of Administrative Operations Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Tatiana De Souza Varges David Lowery Curatorial Assistant, Collections Project Programmer, Biodiversity Scott R. Shaw Operations Informatics Associate of Entomology University of Wyoming Joseph DeVeer Maddie Marino Head of Technical Services, Ernst Mayr Faculty/Collection Assistant, Ornithology Stephen Tilley Library Associate of Herpetology Joseph Martinez Smith College Katherine Eldridge Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology James Traniello John Mewherter Associate of Entomology Charles Farnum Curatorial Assistant, Collections Boston University Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Operations David Wagner Helene Ferranti Elizabeth Meyer Associate of Entomology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Biological Project Assistant, Ernst Mayr Library Oceanography & Marine Biology University of Connecticut Paul J. Morris David Wake Dana Fisher Biodiversity Informatics Manager Assistant to the Librarian/Special Associate of Herpetology Catherine Musinsky Collections, Ernst Mayr Library University of California, Berkeley Faculty/Collection Assistant, Marvalee Wake Linda S. Ford Mammalogy Director, Collections Operations Associate of Herpetology Mark Omura University of California, Berkeley Matthew Gage Curatorial Assistant, Mammalogy Curatorial Assistant & Lab Manager, Philip S. Ward Philip Perkins Hanken Lab Associate of Entomology Curatorial Associate, Entomology University of California, Davis Emily Graham Vanessa Poirier Jacqueline Webb Curatorial Assistant, Collections Research Assistant, Srivastava Lab Associate of Ichthyology Operations Bridget Power University of Rhode Island Brendan Haley Faculty/Collection Assistant, R. Haven Wiley Senior Database Manager Invertebrate Zoology Associate of Ornithology Karsten Hartel Pedro Ramirez University of North Carolina Curatorial Associate, Ichthyology Research Assistant, Concord Field Cheryl Wilga Rachel Hawkins Station Associate of Ichthyology Curatorial Assistant, Entomology University of Rhode Island Patrick Randall Evan Hoki Community Manager, Ernst Mayr Judith Winston Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Library Associate of Marine Biology Virginia Museum of Natural History Andra Hollis Murat Recevik Staff Assistant, Concord Field Station Curatorial Assistant, Malacology Staff Kathleen Horton Mark Renczkowski Melissa Aja Assistant with Professor Wilson, Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Museum Projects Coordinator & Entomology Paleontology Interim Managing Editor Jared Hughes Constance Rinaldo Adam Baldinger Faculty/Collection Assistant, Herpetology Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library & Vertebrate Paleontology Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate Alana Rivera Zoology & Malacology Curatorial Assistant, Malacology

32 Museum of Comparative Zoology PERSONNEL

José Rosado Joseph Greenberg Marie M. Studer Curatorial Associate, Herpetology Ernst Mayr Library Learning + Education Director Mary Sears Rachel Han Michael Vitale Head of Public Services, Ernst Mayr Ernst Mayr Library Developer Library Jane Harrison Meaghan Sorce Ornithology Administration for the Curatorial Assistant, Collections Jyhjong Hwang Department of Organismic Operations Collections Operations & Evolutionary Biology Margaret Starvish Kalvin Janik Krista Carmichael Faculty/Collection Assistant, Entomology Ernst Mayr Library Senior Research Administrator & Ichthyology The MCZ deeply appreciates Allyson Jarvis Lydia Carmosino Tsuyoshi Takahashi the additional support and Malacology Senior Academics Programs Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology & Administrator contributions of numerous Collections Operations Alexander Kalil interns and undergraduate Entomology Rebecca Chetham Jennifer Thomson Executive Director students during the 2017–2018 Faculty/Collection Assistant, Populations Shaina Kim academic year. Genetics & Srivastava Lab Ernst Mayr Library Irv Dumay Manager of Museum Facilities Jeremiah Trimble Adam Kowalczyk Curatorial Associate, Ornithology Collections Operations Paul Dwyer Mailroom Staff Assistant Diana Turmenne Anthony Long Curatorial Assistant, Collections Cryogenic Collection Jason Fleming Senior Research Administrator MCZ Faculty Operations Mark Mapalo Kyle Turner Invertebrate Zoology & Malacology Christian Flynn The MCZ’s charter, signed in Hoekstra Lab Manager Administrative Coordinator 1859, mandates that the Patrick McCormack Museum’s activities will be Kenneth Wilcox Entomology Donna Gadbois Building Services Coordinator Financial Associate overseen by a governing Linnaea Meyer board, the Faculty of the Andrew Williston Collections Operations Diana Gjino Senior Research Administrator Museum of Comparative Curatorial Assistant, Ichthyology Dawn Mitchell Zoology. Jonathan Woodward Vertebrate Paleontology Jason Green Financial Associate Mr. Robert G. Goelet Curatorial Assistant, Collections Robert Morris Operations Biodiversity Informatics Wendy Heywood Mr. George Putnam, Jr. Robert Young Communications & Events John Nevins Coordinator Mr. George Putnam III Special Collections Librarian, Ernst Mayr Biological Oceanography Library Megan McHugh Dr. Barbara Jil Wu Uzochi Nwoko Breda Zimkus Human Resources Coordinator Mr. Paul J. Zofnass Ernst Mayr Library Cryogenics Collections Manager for Jay McNeil President Drew Gilpin Faust Genetic Resources Erin Polka Building Manager Malacology Jeremiah (JJ) O’Connor Temporary Staff Emile Radyte Temporary Financial Analyst Ernst Mayr Library Eliza Alston Kristin Pennarun Ernst Mayr Library Lauren Shear Assistant Director of Research Adham Bedir Collections Operations Administration Acknowledgements Ernst Mayr Library Kaitlin Sheridan Christopher Preheim This annual report was Invertebrate Zoology Portia Berry-Kilby Temporary Academic Program produced by the Office of the Ernst Mayr Library Emily Smith Coordinator Director of the Museum of Emily Blank Ernst Mayr Library Keleigh Quinn Comparative Zoology. Senior Research Administrator Cryogenic Collection Dexter Summers Editors Ichthyology Peg Richards Kimberly Carlin James Hanken, Director Mammalogy Financial Assistant Catherine Weisel Melissa Aja, Museum Projects Interim Managing Editor William Cassidy Damari Rosado Coordinator Entomology Haolong Zhu Associate Director of Administration Copy, Design & Production William Clark Ernst Mayr Library Anna Salvato Ernst Mayr Library Manager of Financial Operations Cyndi Wood Encyclopedia of Life Creative Project Chloe-Rose Colombero Management, Inc. Ichthyology Learning + Education Group creativeprojectmgmt.com Anne Everly Tracy Barbaro Ichthyology Project Coordinator Cleo Falvey Zoe Foster Herpetology Intern Martha Gavula Amy Lorenz Ernst Mayr Library Project Coordinator Jennifer Goldstein Carly Sanker Invertebrate Zoology Designer

Annual Report 2017 . 2018 33 26 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA 02138 617.495.2460 mcz.harvard.edu

mczharvard