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Volume 5 Issue 2– February 2016

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Volume 5 Issue 2– February 2016 Volume 4 Issue 6– June 2015 Volume 5 Issue 2– February 2016 Editorial Board American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) Dr. Moinuddin Sarker, Qualification :PhD, MCIC, FICER, Dr. June II A. Kiblasan MInstP, MRSC (P), VP of R & D Qualification : Phd Affiliation : Head of Science / Technology Specialization: Management, applied Team, Corporate Officer (CO) sciences Natural State Research, Inc. 37 Brown House Road (2nd Floor) Country: PHIILIPPINES Stamford, CT-06902, USA. Dr. Narendra Kumar Sharma Dr. Jonathan Okeke Qualification: PHD Affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology Chimakonam and Allied Science, DRDO Qualification: PHD Specialization: Proteomics, Molecular Affiliation: University of Calabar biology, hypoxia Specialization: Logic, Philosophy of Country: India Maths and African Science, Country: Nigeria Prof. Dr. Shafique Ahmed Arain Qualification: Postdoc fellow, Phd Dr. ABDUL KAREEM Affiliation: Shah abdul Latif University Qualification: MBBS, DMRD, FCIP, FAGE Khairpur (Mirs), Affiliation: UNIVERSITI SAINS Malaysia Specialization: Polymer science Country: Malaysia Country: Pakistan Dr. Alcides Chaux Dr. sukhmander singh Qualification: MD Qualification: Phd Affiliation: Norte University, Paraguay, Affiliation: Indian Institute Of South America Technology, Delhi Specialization: Genitourinary Tumors Specialization : PLASMA PHYSICS Country: Paraguay, South America Country: India Dr. Md. Nazrul Islam Mondal Dr. Nwachukwu Eugene Nnamdi Qualification: Phd Qualification: Phd Affiliation: Rajshahi University, Affiliation: Michael Okpara University of Bangladesh Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria Specialization: Health and Epidemiology Specialization: Animal Genetics and Country: Bangladesh Breeding Country: Nigeria Volume-5 Issue-2 S.No. Manuscript Title Page No. Influence of Chlorine Induced Corrosion and Temperature of Exothermic 01. Reaction on Failure of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) Storage Tanks 01-09 Chennakesava R Alavala Assessment of groundwater vulnerability and sensitivity to pollution in 02. Berrechid plain, using drastic model 10-20 M. Aboulouafa || H. Taouil || S.Ibn Ahmed Application of Fuzzy Algebra in Automata theory 03. 21-26 Kharatti Lal Irrigation-yield response factor of processing potato for different 04. phonological growth stages 27-34 Afrin Jahan Mila || Md. Hossain Ali Optimum design of phase opposition disposition pulse width modulation 05. logic circuit for switching seven level cascaded half bridge inverter 35-41 Nentawe Y. Goshwe || Douglas T. Kureve || Samuel T. Awuhe 4D Collaborative Non-Local Means Based Diffusion MRI Denoising 06. 42-48 Geng Chen || Yafeng Wu An Overview on Test Standards for Evaluation of Jute Agrotextiles 07. Prof. Swapan Kumar Ghosh || Mr. Satyaranjan Bairagi || Mr. Rajib 49-53 Bhattacharyya || Mr. Murari Mohan Mondal Effect of Tillage and Staking on the production of fluted Pumpkin 08. 54-61 C.G Okeke || S.I. Oluka || O. Oduma Effect of Some Indigenous Legumes on Soil properties and Yield of Maize 09. Crop in anultisol in South-Eastern Nigeria 62-70 C. G Okeke || S.I. Oluka || O. Oduma Design and Development of Mobile Phone Jammer Oyediran Oyebode Olumide || Ogunwuyi Ogunmakinde Jimoh || Lawal 10. 71-76 Akeem Olaide Norms as The Formation of Boundary and Place in Madurase Dwellings of Madura-Indonesia 11. 77-81 Lintu Tulistyantoro || Endang Titi Sunarti Bambang Darjosanjoto || Lintu Tulistyantoro Survey on Techniques for Detecting Data Leakage 12. 82-87 Bhosale Pranjali A. Gore Anita B. Pandit Sunita K. Prof. Amune Amruta C. Municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Dhaka City, Bangladesh 13. 88-100 A.Z.A. Saifullah || Md. Tasbirul Islam Assessment of the Reliability ofFractionator Column of the Kaduna Refinery 14. using Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) 101-108 Ibrahim A. || El-Nafaty U. A An Experimental Investigation of Galvanic Anode Specifications for Suitable Cathodic Corrosion Protection of Low Carbon Steel in Kaduna Metropolitan 15. 109-119 Soil T.N. Guma || S.U. Mohammed || A.J. Tanimu Elimination of Fluoride Ions from Water of Wells and Tyikomiyne Sources 16. by The Hydroxyapatite Phosphocalcic, Talssint (Eastern Morocco) 120-124 H. Taouil || S. Ibn Ahmed || E. H. Rifi || Y. ASFERS Development of A Cost Effective 2.5kva Uninterruptible Power Supply System 17. 125-135 Olanrewaju Lateef Kadir || Okechi Onuoha || Nnaemeka Chiemezie Onuekwusi || Ufuoma Onochoja || Chikwelu Nonso Udezue The Evaluation of Urban Landscape upon Japanese Representative LRT 18. Cities Using Visual Engineering 136-144 Jia Chen, Mamoru Takamatsu Augmented Reality, an Emerging Technology and its View Management 19. Problem 145-150 Nehal Agrawal Application of Virtual Reality in a Learning Experience 20. Victor U. Obrist || Eustaquio A. Martínez (tutor) 151-156 Thermodynamics of adsorption/desorption of cellulases NS 50013 on /from 21. Avicel PH 101 and Protobind 1000 157-165 Khurram Shahzad Baig Virtual Sober Companion-Mood Analysis 22. 166-173 Krishna Balasubramanian || Prof. Nikhil Gala Application of Nkwo-Alaike Clay for the Production of Ceramic Wares 23. Using Cullet as Sintering AID 174-181 A.S. Ogunro || F.I. Apeh || O. C. Nwannenna || A. E. Peter Analysis of an Improved SIRS Epidemic Model with Disease Related Death 24. Rate and Emigration Rate 182-188 Shivram Sharma || V.H. Badshah || Vandana Gupta Single-Phase Nine-Level Inverter with Novel Pulse Width Modulation 25. Scheme for Resistive-Inductive Load 189-198 Gerald C. Diyoke || I. K. Onwuka A Survey Paper on Real Time Detection & Reporting By Social Networks 26. 199-203 Thokal Nisha E.|| Golekar Sulbha S. || Vavhal Priyanka B. || Ashish Kumar Design of a PWM for UPS with Pulse Dead Time 27. 204-209 Ahmed Majeed Ghadhban Development of Android Address Book Using Oracle Database 28. 210-214 Gbadamosi Luqman || Akanbi Lukman Lift & Drag Reductions on Iced Wings during Take Off and Landing with 29. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 215-221 Ian R. McAndrew FRAeS Development of an Animal Drawn Hydraulic Boom Sprayer 30. 222-228 Anibude, E.C|| Jahun, R.F || Abubakar, M.S. Design and Simulation of Dc-Dc Voltage Converters Using Matlab/Simulink 31. 229-236 Marvin Barivure Sigalo || Lewis T. Osikibo OLAP Mining Rules: Association of OLAP with Data Mining 32. 237-240 Naseema Shaik || Dr. Wali Ullah || Dr. G. Pradeepni Analysis of attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks 33. 241-247 Manjurul H. Khan || P.C. Barman The performance evaluation of an algorithm for fingerprint biometric 34. recognition 248-253 Virtyt Lesha Secure and Reliable Sharing of Multi-Owner Data for Dynamic Groups in 35. the Cloud 254-264 B.Nalini || Prof.Dr.D.J.Pete American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) 2016 American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN: 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-5, Issue-2, pp-01-09 www.ajer.org Research Paper Open Access Influence of Chlorine Induced Corrosion and Temperature of Exothermic Reaction on Failure of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) Storage Tanks Chennakesava R Alavala (Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNT University, Hyderabad, India) ABSTRACT : The aim of the present work was to know the facts of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) gas leakage and burst of its storage tank. The failure of the tank was evaluated based on the Tresca, von Mises criteria, Weibull criteria. The significance of chlorine induced corrosion and temperature derating factor were recognized using Taguchi techniques. The bursting pressure of the storage tank was highly dependent on the temperature derating factor and the crack depth. The reasons for the failure of experimental storage tanks used in the present work would satisfy the causes for the leakage of Methyl isocyanate gas and failure of the storage tank during the Bhopal gas disaster. Keywords : Methyl Isocyanate, stainless steel, temperature degrading factor, crack depth, bursting pressure, Tresca criterion, von Mises criterion. I. INTRODUCTION Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) is utilized to produce carbamate pesticides. It reacts exothermically with water through an evolution of heat (325 calories per gram of CH3NCO). Methyl isocyanate vapors are explosive when exposed to heat, flame or sparks. When it is decomposed in the presence of water, the solvent chloroform generates chlorine ions. Chlorine ions can corrode the stainless steel tank used for storage of CH3NCO. Due to the exothermic reaction, the temperature and pressure in the tank increase causing the burst of storage tank. This was the main cause for Bhopal gas tragedy (Fig. 1) which occurred on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh [1]. The government of Madhya Pradesh established a total of 3,787 deaths associated with the Bhopal gas tragedy [2]. A government affidavit in 2006 confirmed that the leak caused 558,125 injuries, together with 38,478 short-term injuries and about 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries [3]. An initial investigation by UCC showed that a large volume of water had been transported into the methyl isocyanate (MIC) tank. On account of exothermic reaction of MIC in the presence of water, hydrogen chloride was generated. The hydrogen chloride dissolved iron from stainless steel of the tank. The reaction was accelerated by the presence of iron from corroding non-stainless steel pipelines [4]. The exothermic reaction increased the temperature inside the tank to over 200 °C and raised the pressure. This forced the emergency venting of pressure from the MIC holding tank, releasing a large volume of toxic gases. Also, the material
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