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Lepidoptera, Geometridae) Tome 82 Fascicule 9 - 10 Novembre - Décembre 2013 Bulletin mensuel de la SOCIÉTÉ LINNÉENNE DE LYON Société linnéenne de Lyon, reconnue d’utilité publique, fondée en 1822 33, rue Bossuet • F-69006 LYON - 203 - Bull. mens. Soc. linn. Lyon, 2013, 82 (9-10) : 203 - 206 Etude de la répartition d’Eupithecia immundata Lienig et Zeller et d’Eupithecia actaeata Walderdorff dans l’est du Massif central (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) Rémi Perrin 3 chemin de la Bénèchère, 42400 Saint-Chamond - [email protected] Résumé. – Les Géomètres Eupithecia immundata Lienig et Zeller et Eupithecia actaeata Walderdorff sont signalés pour la première fois des départements de la Haute-Loire et de l’Ardèche. Mots-clés. – Geometridae, Eupithecia immundata, Eupithecia actaeata, Massif central, Haute-Loire, Ardèche, France, Ranunculaceae, Actaea spicata. Eupithecia immundata Lienig et Zeller and Eupithecia actaeata Walderdorff: new distribution in the east of Massif Central (France) (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) Summary. – For the first time, Eupithecia immundata Lienig et Zeller and Eupithecia actaeata Walderdorff are recorded from two new areas of Massif central (Haute-Loire and Ardèche departments). Keywords. – Geometridae, Eupithecia immundata, Eupithecia actaeata, Massif central, Haute-Loire, Ardèche, France, Ranunculaceae, Actaea spicata. Depuis le début des années 2000, l’étude de ces deux espèces a été facilitée par la recherche et l’observation des stades larvaires. Les premiers états ont permis de déceler, en 2001, la présence des deux espèces dans les monts du Forez (Puy-de-Dôme et Loire, première mention pour le Massif central, COLOMB, 2005). En effet, ces deux espèces inféodées à Actaea spicata L. laissent des traces très caractéristiques de leur développement larvaire sur la plante. Figure 1. – Chenilles d’Eupithecia immundata. Accepté pour publication le 28 juillet 2013 - 204 - Figure 2. – Chenille d’Eupithecia actaeata. Le développement d’Eupithecia immundata Lienig et Zeller s’effectue à l’intérieur des fruits d’Actaea spicata (figure 1) qui lui confèrent un abri discret et sûr, en raison de la toxicité du fruit pour les prédateurs. Au terme de sa croissance, la chenille s’extrait de la baie arrivant à maturité et se laisse tomber au pied de la plante pour se nymphoser dans le sol. C’est le trou de sortie du fruit qui signale sa présence. La chenille d’Eupithecia actaeata Walderdorff se nourrit des feuilles de la plante (figure 2) ; d’après mes observations, les chenilles sont actives la nuit, et, durant la journée, restent immobiles le long des nervures, à l’envers des feuilles. Une présentation rapide d’Actaea spicata et de sa répartition est intéressante pour comprendre celle des deux espèces d’Eupithecia. Actaea spicata est une plante vivace de 30-80 cm, espèce d’ombre croissant sur des sols neutres à légèrement acides. En altitude elle se rencontre dans des hêtraies claires sur éboulis voire dans des mégaphorbiaies et, plus on va descendre en altitude, plus elle sera présente dans des forêts sombres (hêtraies- sapinières, forêts de pentes) dans des localités encaissées et proches de l’eau. Dans le Massif central, elle est assez commune dans tous les massifs volcaniques (neutralité du sol) au-dessus de 500 m et se raréfie dans les massifs granitiques plus à l’est. C’est en août 2010, durant une de mes prospections botaniques dans le massif du Mézenc, que j’ai eu le premier contact avec E. immundata, dans une pente encaissée au pied du Suc de Sara. J’avais donc projeté de faire une étude un peu plus poussée sur la répartition des deux espèces d’Eupithécie dans cette partie du Massif central l’été suivant. Grâce au travail d’ANTONETTI et al. (2006) et à l’ouverture des données de collecte du Conservatoire botanique national du Massif central au public, j’ai eu accès à la liste de toutes les stations d’Actaea spicata pour les départements du Rhône, de la Loire, de la Haute-Loire et de l’Ardèche, et je l’ai complétée par mes propres découvertes. Pour la partie entomologique, j’ai sélectionné un ensemble de stations à visiter, situées pour la plupart en marge de la zone de répartition d’Actaea spicata, pour avoir une idée plus complète de la répartition des deux Eupithécies sur l’ensemble de la zone. Du 1er au 3 août 2011, j’ai donc parcouru les départements de l’Ardèche et de la Haute-Loire pour contrôler minutieusement chaque station de la plante. Pour le massif du Pilat (Loire), trois stations sont actuellement connues. Depuis 2007, je suis deux stations que j’ai pu découvrir sur les premiers contreforts nord du - 205 - massif, dans les environs de Salvaris (commune de Saint-Etienne). L’une d’elles abrite une population d’Eupithecia immundata qui est d’ailleurs la plus basse en altitude (800 m) et la plus irrégulière car l’espèce n’y a pas été observée toutes les années. La troisième station, située au sud du massif sur la commune de Burdigne, ne semble pas abriter de population d’Eupithecia. Pour les monts du Forez, les données entomologiques de la Société de Sciences naturelles Loire-Forez (C. Colomb et R. Bérard) datant de 2001 sont venues compléter cette étude. Pour terminer, malgré un certain nombre de citations anciennes, le département du Rhône ne possède aucune station d’A. spicata confirmée récemment, la dernière citation de cette espèce remontant à 1903 dans le Beaujolais (AUDIN, 1903). Pour faire la synthèse de mes observations, j’ai reporté sur une carte l’ensemble des stations connues d’Actaea spicata, en superposant les stations où les Eupithecia ont pu être observées, et en mentionnant également les stations visitées où aucune trace de présence de chenille n’a pu être notée. J’ai également reporté les stations déjà connues des monts du Forez, découvertes par Claude Colomb, pour une vue plus complète de la répartition des deux espèces. Figure 3. – Carte synthétique des stations d’Actée en Ardèche, Haute-Loire, Loire et Rhône avec, ou non, présence d’Eupithécie. - 206 - La carte présentée (fig. 3) permet d’observer qu’E. actaeata se cantonne dans les stations d’Actée situées à plus de 1 150 m d’altitude alors qu’E. immundata descend un peu plus bas, jusqu’à 800 m. On remarquera également que toutes les stations d’Actée situées à basse altitude n’hébergent pas d’Eupithécie malgré le nombre de pieds important de certaines d’entre elles. Les stations d’altitude visitées, mais ne semblant pas héberger ces espèces, sont pour la plupart des stations situées en limite de sous-bois. A ce propos, nous ne pouvons qu’émettre quelques hypothèses pour tenter d’expliquer l’absence apparente des deux Eupithecia dans ces stations ; leur plus grande exposition réduit probablement la protection qu’elles peuvent offrir aux chenilles, mais également aux autres états de ces deux espèces vis-à-vis des intempéries, prédateurs, etc. Leur climat est plus chaud qu’en sous-bois et plus variable du fait de leur position en lisière. La lisière est enfin un milieu instable pouvant évoluer très rapidement et, par conséquent, ne pas présenter pour les deux espèces un habitat suffisamment stable à l’échelle du temps. Remerciements. – Je remercie tout particulièrement Philippe Antonetti (CBNMC) pour son aide concernant les stations d’Actaea spicata, Claude Colomb pour sa relecture, ses conseils avisés et ses indications précieuses et Cédric Audibert (CCEC) pour son aide et la relecture de cet article. RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES ANTONETTI P., BRUGEL E., KESSLER F., BARBE J. P. et TORT M., 2006. Atlas de la Flore d’Auvergne. Conservatoire botanique national du Massif central, Chavaniac-Lafayette, 981 p. AUDIN M., 1903. Le département du Rhône et sa végétation. Legendre, Lyon, 12 p. COLOMB C., 2005. Nouvelles données sur les premiers états et la géonémie de quelques espèces de Lépidoptères. Bulletin mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, 74 (2) : 44-54. LERAUT P., 2009. Papillons de nuit d’Europe. Vol. 2 : Géomètres. N.A.P. Editions, Verrière-le-Buisson, 808 p. MIRONOV V., 2003. The Geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol. 4. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 464 p. RAMEAU J. C., MANSION D., DUME G., LECOINTE A., TIMBAL J., DUPONT P. et KELLER R., 2005. Flore Forestière Française. Vol. 2 : Montagnes. Institut pour le développement forestier, Paris, 2421 p. ROBINEAU R., BACHELARD P., BERARD R., COLOMB C., DEMERGES D., DOUX Y., FOURNIER F., GIBEAUX C., MAECHLER J., SCHMIT P. et TAUTEL C., 2007. Guide des papillons nocturnes de France. Delachaux et Niestlé, Paris, 287 p. hg SOCIÉTÉ LINNÉENNE- 2 - DE LYON Siège social : 33, rue Bossuet, F-69006 LYON Tél. et fax : +33 (0)4 78 52 14 33 http://www.linneenne-lyon.org — email : [email protected] Groupe de Roanne : Maison des anciens combattants, 18, rue de Cadore, F-42300 ROANNE Rédaction : Marie-Claire PIGNAL - Directeur de publication : Bernard GUÉRIN Conception graphique de couverture : Nicolas VAN VOOREN Tome 82 Fascicule 9-10 Novembre-Décembre 2013 SOMMAIRE Perrin R. – Etude de la répartition d’Eupithecia immundata et d’E. actaeata dans l’est du Massif central (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) ............................................................... 203 - 206 Dubault G., Lassalle B. et Roux P. – Description de six nouvelles espèce de Lesticus Dejean (Coleoptera, Pterostichidae, Trigonotomi) ...................................................................... 207 - 214 Pupier R. et Coulon J. – Organes génitaux des femelles et taxonomie de deux groupes d’Orthomus hispano-maghrébins (Coleoptera, Harpalidae, Pterostichini) .................... 215 - 228 Orousset J. – Coléoptères hypogées de Corse. XLV. La collection de Roger Pelleterat de Borde (Coleoptera Bothrideridae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Zopheridae) ................................ 237 - 254 Argant T. et al. – Le puits de la Logère à Anse (Rhône) – Un exemple de biodiversité antique et ses implications paléoenvironementale et paléoclimatique ................................................. 255 - 269 Couverture : Vestiges de coquilles trouvés au cours des fouilles du puits d’Anse-la Logère.
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