17110 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 and sha.11 be made in a.s orderly manner as amendments to the milltary procure­ PROGRAM practicable. ment authorization bill on tomorrow be Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there called up in the following order: the Senate will convene at 9 o'clock to­ objection to the request of the Senator The pending amendment at this time, morrow morning. from West Virginia? The Chair hears and the first amendment tomorrow to be After the two leaders or their designees none, and it is so ordered. considered, is amendment No. 539 by have been recognized under the standing the Senator from Alaska (Mr. GRAVEL). order, there will be a period for the After that amendment, the following transaction of routine morning business ORDER DESIGNATING PERIOD FOR amendments will follow in sequence as of not to exceed 15 minutes, with state­ THE TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE stated: ments therein limited to 5 minutes each, MORNING BUSINESS TOMORROW The Feed and Forage Act amendment; at the conclusion of which the Senate the amendment Pennsylvania

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS IOWA LEADS NATION IN GAS my colleagues to come up from the 1975, edition of the Waterloo Courier, SAVINGS depths of import quotas, licensing, duties, Waterloo, Iowa, speaks volumes as to creating an Office of Petroleum Import what volunteerism and strict enforce­ HON. CHARLES E. GRASSLEY Licensing and Purchasing, imposing a ment of the 55-mile-per-hour speed limit gasoline tax that could be as much as on interstate highways has accomplished. OF IOWA 23 cents a gallon, and other measures I encourage my colleagues to consider IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES contained in the Energy Conservation the merits of what people can do and Wednesday, June 4, 1975 and Conversion Act to reflect upon what what they have done on their own when Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. Speaker, the Iowans have done on their own-with­ asked: question of energy conservation policy out Federal direction or intervention­ IOWA LEADS NATION IN GAS SAVINGS has placed the Congress and the Presi­ to cut petroleum consumption. DEs MoINEs.-Iowans led the nation in dent at loggerheads. I would like to ask An article appearing in the May 29, gasoline conservation la.st year, according to June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17111 the Federal Highway Administration spected leaders in the fight for equaled­ "I didn't like alibi students or hustlers," (FHWA). ucational opportunity. His new endeavor he continued. "Fortunately, there weren't too The agency's figures show that Iowa's 1974 represents a reaffirmation of his lifelong many of those. But one of my most interest­ gasoline consumption declined 9.5 per cent ing learning experiences came some time ago from the 1973 figure. The decline for all 50 concern for individuals rights. when I went to teach at the University of states. Puerto Rico and the District of Co­ I am please to include in the RECORD an California at Berkeley for a while. lumbia was 3.7 per cent. article about Dr. Clark from the New "I said I was looking forw&.rd to it be· Illinois' gasoline consumption last year York Times: cause there were not too many Asian-Ameri­ dipped 4.9 per cent-also better than the KENNETH CLARK RETmING FROM C.C.N.Y. can students at C.C.N.Y. at that time. I went U.S. average-while Wisconsin's consumption (By Richard F. Shepard) out with the idea that Asian-American stu­ decreased 3 per cent, the FHWA said. dents would be more profound and would But highway officials say there are indica­ Dr. Kenneth B. Clark, who has helped pre­ stimulate me with Oriental ways of thinking. tions that gasoline use crept upward during pare generations of City College students for "They were just like the students at City, the first months of 1975, although firm data their life's work, has retired from teaching with the same number of alibi students, too. won't be available for some time. after 35 years at the school and is himself It taught me that stereotypes, even positive John Millhone, executive director of the starting a new career. ones, tend to fall. I had to travel 3,000 miles Iowa Energy Policy Council, said that three Dr. Clark, best known for his fight to to learn that. And I'm a psychologist, too" factors may have been responsible for Iowa's achieve school integration, is a professor ot Although the years flow in such a way 1974 gasoline conservation: psychology who will be turning 61 in July that it ls difficult to plant boundary markers Fewer vehicles on roadways, particularly and is stlll too youthful to qualify for senior­ between student epochs, Dr. Clark clearly on Iowa's interstate highways. citizen courtesies. He is giving up the class­ discerns generational dlfferences. Iowa's voluntary 55-mph national speed room to go into business, with his son, as "I've had some very exciting students at mandated by Congress. an executive consultant on human and race City," he said. "The thing that fascinated Tight enforcement of speed laws by the relations and affirmative action programs. me was that my most exciting students Iowa Highway Patrol and other law enforce­ CIVIL RIGHTS ROLE seemed to be concentrated in the pre-Mc­ ment agencies. At the same time, Dr. Clark, whose good­ Carthy era. "I think Iowa drivers have done a good job humored, scholarly manner and preoccupa­ "It's tantalizing, it worries me that the ot slowing down, at least untll recently," tion with the pr-esent and future forestalls students who stand out, not intellectually Mlllhone said. He also cited the state's de­ any approach along the lines of "Good-by, but as total human beings, came from that crease in highway fatalities and a drastic in­ Mr. Chips,'' has stepped down as president time," he said. "I can see them in my mind, crease in the number of speeding citations of the Metropolitan Applied Research Center in the classrooms, asking questions in the issued statewide last year. (MARC) that he founded eight years ago. nineteen-forties and fifties. There were the Energy and highway safety officials use He will remain a member o! the New York returned veterans, mature and probing. FHWA statistics as indicators, rather than State Board of Regents, indeed its only black "Not that they were all bright or superior firm measurements, because dlfferent agen­ member. He is staying, he observed with a to those who came later," he said. "But I cies use different systems to measure gaso­ chuckle, because his departure "would make didn't realize that the McCarthy period had line consumption. too many people happy." as debilltating an effect on students as it The Federal Energy Administration (FEA), Dr. Clark's role as a teacher has been over­ did." If the years dominated by the late Sen­ for example, listed Iowa's gasoline use at shadowed, at least in public, by his activities ator Joseph R. McCarthy were pallld, the slightly more than 1.6 bUlion gallons last later years of student strife also do not move on behalf of civil rights and school integra­ Dr. Clark. year-11.9 per cent below 1972 and 3.3 per tion. His studies on segregation's harmful cent below 1973. effects were noted in the historic 1954 su­ "Perhaps the period of the nineteen­ Some agencies count gasoline as sold once preme Court decision ordering public-school sixties ls too early to evaluate," he went on. it enters a state; others count it as sold when desegregation. "To me, it didn't have that same quality of probing. The great revolution was pure fluff. state revenue departments collect fuel taxes Dr. Clark's early work in the field dates on the petroleum, according to an FHWA back to 1939, when he went to work as a re­ But maybe I've changed. I think we're get­ statistician. ting back to that early ferment now. I sense search assistant for Dr. Gunnar Myrdal, the it. The statistician also said long-range com­ Swedish economist and author of the classic parisons involving 1974 will be difficult for on race problems, "An American Dilemma." PRAGMATIC AND PERSONAL all states because Sunday service station clos­ Dr. Clark's position has shown no signs of "The earlier City College I remember, the ings, tight allocation of gasoline and other flagging through the years and he does not students were involved in demonstrations for effects of the Arab oll embargo lingered well anticipate that it will be modified even in larger social, political and economic goals. into 1974. private prectice. Now the students, as I understand them, are During this period, Iowans may have be­ He and the 75-yea.r-old Dr. Myrdal con­ concerned a.bout their own rights--open ad­ gun conservation measures before residents ducted a joint seminar in the term just com­ missions, SEEK. They don't seem to be as of other states, Millhone said. pleted at City. broad as they were. There is minimum ideol­ Iowa Gov. Robert Ray declared a "state of "I don't know about the students, but ogy, it's pragmatic and personal, perhaps energy conservation" on Nov. 9, 1973. That Myrdal and I had a wonderful time," Dr. with the exception of Vietnam." declaration ordered all state vehicles to re­ Clark S8iid. "He was at his best." "Even at the height of the student revolt duce maximum speeds to 50 mph, and sug­ Dr. Clark, who has been teaching soclal I thought I detected more passivity," he said. gested that all Iowans do the same 1n their psychology, is also at his best, or at any "Such things as graduate record exams and vehicles. rate, his happiest when speaking about stu­ other quantifying indicators-multiple The federally mandated speed limit o! 55 dents and teaching. In an interview, he dis­ choice questions and such-are relatively mph took effect in February 1974. played an almost ch1lling objectivity in grad­ new. ing himself and his students on performance "Before that you had different types of ex­ over the years, but the scholar's candor was aminations. You had to think. Now you have softened by touches of humor, affection and to remember. This may have had an insidious DR. KENNETH B. CLARK respect for those he has taught. effect. Perhaps there's more conformity." He went to City College in 1940 to teach Dr. Clark, who was in the middle o! mark­ a summer session and returned as instruc­ ing examination papers for his last classes, tor in 1942 for the long run just ended. In recently ended at City, read from a comment HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL 1960, he became one of the first blacks, per­ by a student. OF NEW YORK haps the first to become a full professor at "You came in and said, 'Good morning, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the City University. let's get set to think,' " the student wrote, I WASN'T CHANGING adding that this concept was a radically new Wednesday, June 4, 1975 one in his experience. "One of the factors in my decision to re­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Ken­ "I never responded to the relevance kick," tire ls that I found I wasn't changing," he Dr. Clark said. "When students questioned neth B. Clark, the distinguished scholar, said in an interview in his offices at MARC, the books I assigned I'd tell them they didn't teacher, and civil rights leader is retir­ 60 East 86th Street, where he sat behind have to be in my class if they knew what ing from his position as a professor of his desk and fondled a gavel as he replied books to read. psychology at the City University of New to a question about how the years had modi­ "I think I was pretty rigid a.s a. teacher. I fied his classroom demeanor. "My teaching had the responsibillty of determining how we York. He is establishing a consulting firm style 1s still the same." dealing with problems of human rela- go about understanding this area. It was d1f­ "As a young teacher I perceived myself as ficult tor me to learn and it would be for my tions, race relations and affirmative a hard marker," he continued. "I became less action programs. students. I didn't have much tolerance for severe as time went on. As I got older, I be­ fads. I didn't believe something was good just Dr. Clark, founder of the Metropolitan came more tolerant. Most students tend to because a student said it was good. Applied Research Center and a member !unction in accordance with the law of econ­ "On the other hand I have had some stu­ of the New York State Board of Regents, omy of effort. Don't do more than you have dents 1n recent years who are going to think. has long been one of America's most re- to." Last year a student got onto a point and went 17112 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 to the library, studied and we had knock­ COAL COMPANIES RAKE IN WINDFALL PROFITS pliers? Isn't this just the law of supply and down drag-out arguments. It was wonderful. TVA Chairman Red Wagner had some demand opera.ting? Aren't the coal suppliers He got an A." strong straight talk in his important sp~ech just catching up after some rather lean The psychology department had about 15 at the TVPPA annual meeting on April 16. years? teachers when Dr. Clark came to City. Today, TVA and the distributors have been tak­ It is time to put energy sources into per­ there are 47 full-time and 50 part-time teach­ ing "unshirted hell" for rising electric rates, spective. Coal is not just coal. Coal is elec­ ers and psychology, as he says, is "the fad "while the real culprits"-the coal suppliers tricity. And electricity is one of the essen­ now." -"sheltered from criticism, rake in the tials of modern life-a service without which "When I first came here, I knew every windfall profits," Wagner charged. our civilization would quickly come to a stop. member of the department as colleagues and It was the strongest statement a.bout coal The sale of electricity is under public con­ friends," Dr. Clark said, a bit sadly. "Now I prices that the TVA Chairman has made. It trol-either through the public's ownership just know those I knew then." said, in effect, that TVA and the local dis­ of utilities, as in the Valley, or through Putting his career at City behind him does tribution system have been working to keep public regulation, as in the case of profit­ not mean retirement. "You need another electric rates as low as possible-but that making private companies. word," he said. "Retirement means passivity. the coal suppliers were raising prices so fast, Electric utilities, then, are not allowed I don't intend to change my pace." and so exorbitantly, that electric rat.es were to make "exorbitant profits." This is because SERVICE TO COMPANIES going up. electric service is essential, and because a In his new business, he and his 31-year old Significant, too, was Wagner's revelation of consumer can not shop around for suppliers son, Hilton, will offer their services to private what TVA believes it really oosts to mine a of this service. companies, government agencies, law firms, ton of coal. For years the public has needed Coal supply seems to be limited. In spirte civil rights groups and to educational orga­ a "yardstick" to measure coal production of sharply rising prices for coal, the supply nizations outside of New York State, to avoid costs, in order to determine whether coal has not expanded. So the law of supply and confilcts of interest because of his member­ prlces were reasonable or unreasonable. It demand does not seem to be working in ship on the Regents board. appears that TVA has developed such a ya.rd­ this case. Demand is up, but supply is rela­ The firm name is Clark, Phipps, Clark and stick-based on years of experience with the tively stable. Harris. operation of TVA-owned coal fields. TVA has The time may come-and it may come "We wanted to call it Clark and Clark, but not mined the coal with its own personnel, sooner, rather than later. 1f the coal sup­ that name had already been spoken for in the but it has available a vast amount of data pliers do not exercise restraint-when coal incorporation records," he said. "So, Phipps on production costs. supply wm come under some form of pub­ lic control, in order to protect the user of is my wife's maiden name and Harris is my $7 TO $17 A TON daughter's married name. I will be &ble to electricity from "excess profits." Sa.id Wagner: Coal production costs vary Coal is electricity. The Nation cannot af­ approach the same objectives I have always widely from mine to mine. But in the region gone after, although in business you can't as­ ford to have "excess profits" flow into "the which produces the coal that TVA burns, it hands of a relatively few coal producers" sume the advocacy in the same way you can cost from about $7 to $17 per ton-and this as head of MARC. One of the things we can from the sale of a product that is so vita.I factors in a. healthy 20 % return on invest­ to human existence. Contra.st the "exorbitant offer is an independent assessment by not ment! This suggests that even un'der the being within an organization. profits" of a few coal suppliers with the most difficult a.nd most expensive conditions, misery and suffering of electric consumers "Most people say they work in private busi­ it costs a. maximum of $17 per ton to mine ness first and then move on to pro bono pub­ on fixed incomes, or very low incomes, who coal that TVA buys, including a 20 % return literally are not able to pay their electic Uco," Dr. Clark said. "As usual, I will invert on investment. Wagner said the variance in things." bills. It does not make sense for a. Nation to cost depends upon the thickness of the seam, permit a. few to make excessive profits while whether deep or surface mined, and the dif­ the many suffer. ficulty of the mining conditions and ree­ coal is electricity. It is time for the coal TVA CHAIRMAN WAGNER CALLS ls.mation requirements. producers to exercise restraint in pricing WINDFALL PROFITS BY COAL While Wagner did not use an average fig­ their product, or they may find themselves COMPANIES MAJOR FACTOR IN ure, it would appear that an average cost of facing public control. ELECTRIC POWER RATE IN­ coal production would be no more than $12 CREASES per ton, including profit. Yet last fall TVA paid more than $30 a ton SOUTHWEST VffiGINIA NEWSPAPER for coal, and some private power companies paid at lea.st $55 per ton. ENDORSES STRIP MINING BILL HON. JOE L. EVINS As Chairman Wagner stated, this "sug­ OF TENNESSEE gests pretty clearly that when prices were at HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS II IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their peak in last year's coal supply squeeze, some suppliers were able to rake off excess OF vmGINIA Wednesday, June 4, 1975 profits of up to $15 or $20 a ton." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, "Excess profits," Wagner charged. "Profits Wednesday, June 4, 1975 Chairman A. J . Wagner of the Tennessee in coal production are exorbitant," he said. Valley Authority was sharply critical re­ "EXCESS PROFITS" AND THE CONSUMER Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speak er, in r ec2nt cently in a speech before the Tennessee When the coal suppliers are making "ex­ weeks Members of Congress have been Valley Public Power Association of the cess profits" of $15 to $20 a ton, what does inundated with charges, t r ue and false, unconscionable windfall profits made by this mean to the electricity usP.r? regarding H.R. 25, the Surface M ining Wagner called a spade a spade. If coal the big oil companies and which, Mr. Control and Reclamat ion Act of 1975. A prices stabilize a.t, say, $25 a ton, that would very thoughtful editorial supporting the Wagner says, are a major cause of esca­ raise TVA's coal costs by more than half a lating power rates. bill appeared in the Roanoke Times, a b1llion dollars a year-"a half billion un­ newspaper in sout hwestern Virginia, In the TVA area, power rates have in­ justiable dollars of excess profits" that the which I would like to share with my col­ creased more than 120 percent in the distributors and TVA "have to collect from leagues. The city of Roanoke is not in past 8 years with rates being increased householders, businessmen, and industries 12 times. all over the Tennessee Valley, and turn it into the coal mining area of the State; how­ ever, its major industry-railroading­ Wagner charged that coal producers the hands of a relatively few coal producers." The municipal and rural cooperative power is a key m eans of transportin g min ed are making $15 to $20 a ton in excess systems in the Valley, Wagner declared, are coal out of the mountains. I believe this profits-and pointed out that the aver­ in the middle--and are being unfairly editorial carefully and accurately allays age cost of coal has increased 220 per­ blamed for costs that "we cannot avoid, that cent since 1970. many of the fears aroused by opponents we cannot absorb, and over which we have of the bill. TVA buYs 80 percent of its coal from no control." He said it is time to point the The articl2) follows: companies owned by "Big Oil" or energy finger at the source of the problem, the coal conglomerates. suppliers. OVERRIDE VETO, PROPAGANDA Because of the interest of my col­ WHAT'S THE SOLUTION? Intensive lobbying by coal companies and utilities has ta.ken a. toll in Washington. The leagues and the American people in this It is important that electric consumers in the Valley learn the story that Red Wagner votes to override President Ford's veto of the most important subject, I place in the strip mining control bill are in doubt. The RECORD herewith an editorial from the unfolded. It is not fair for the Valley's con­ Democratic leadership has put off a show­ Tennessee Valley Public Power Associa­ sumer-owned electric systems to take "un­ down until June 10. shirted hell" for costs beyond their control, tion News concerning Chairman Wag­ and beyond TVA's control. In the meantime, perhaps some counter­ lobbying can be done by backers of H.R. 25 ner's address. But what can be done about "excess prof­ The editorial follows: to offset the scare tactics used by opponents. its" and "exorbitant profits" of coal sup- The bill, which has been through a.n exten- June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17113 sive amending process in committees and in worked long and hard to develop and Chad, Belgium, Nepal, and Nato were conference, is nowhere i:ear the bugaboo expand our network of libraries. Com­ chosen by American Ambassador George some claim it to be. munities, States, and the Nation as a Bush to Red China and American Am­ H.R. 25 would not ban mining of steep bassador Shirley Temple Black to Ghana slopes. It would set standards for such strip­ whole have banded together to raise ping, including a prohibition against placing funds, to secure, among sources of infor­ for exhibition in the Peking and Accra debris on the downslope. Nor would all mation, books, documents, microfilms, embassies during May, June, and July. stripped lands have to be restored to their and have succeeded in amassing the most The selection of the Schecter paint­ approximate original contour-this could be comprehensive collection of data in the ings for the Peking showing marks the waived if the new, flatter terrain is to be world, all for the benefit of the general first presentation of contemporary Amer­ put to higher, better use. citizenry. ican paintings in Red China in more than In all cases, however, performance stand­ The Congress has realized the impor­ a quarter of a century. ards would be stricter than most strip miners "Art in American Embassies" is a U.S. are used to. H.R. 25 aims at curbing the hasty, tance of libraries and has offered assist­ careless, destructive kind of mining that ance in the accumulation of materials State Department sponsored educational has reduced thousands of acres in Appalachia and the construction of facilities. Most program designed to introduce the best and elsewhere to wasteland, inadequately recently, the tremendous value of these of contemporary American painters to reclaimed if at all. institutions was acknowledged when we the people of the world. In addition to Yes, it will raise the price of coal-proper in the Congress enacted legislation call­ the Schecter art in the State Department reclamation (including the paperwork) will ing for a White House Conference on project the works of Milton Avery, cost more. And there will be surcharges on William James Glackens, Edward Hop­ all mined coal, 35 cents a ton on the stripped Libraries and Information Services. mineral. But there is no prospect that coal New information becomes available per, Jack Levin, Robert Motherwell, will be priced out of the market--demand daily as our technological society races Louis Michel Eilshemius and John Singer will continue strong--or that people will be forward, and it is thus a constant, on­ Sargent are included in the U.S. Art in thrown out of work en masse; if anything, going effort for our libraries to keep pace Embassies program. more labor will be needed because of the with developments. This becomes par­ "Cafeteria," "Red Nude," "Geneva l," reclamation requirements. And at this time ticularly difficult when times of economic "Sitting Woman," "Fran," "Lemon Yel­ of all times, the coal operators-who have hardship are upon us, such as they are low," "Pastel Orange," "Scene at Dawn," been making respectable amounts of money­ "Flowers of Spring," and "-Ecstasy" are can afford to pay such added costs. today, because individual, municipal, and In any case, whatever rise this brings in State resources are often stretched to the among the Schecter paintings being ex­ coal prices, it will be nowhere near as sharp limit. hibited in embassies all over the world. as the increase that resulted, carom-like, Some, however, overcome these finan­ from the oil cartel's machinations of several cial obstacles because they realize the months ago. It happens that coal prices are importance of adequate materials and far down now-to something like $19 a ton facilities in which to house them. Sacri­ DETENTE WITH THE SOVIET UNION: from the panic peak of $60 or more-so it re­ ASSESSING THE BALANCE mains quite competitive as a fuel. Especially fices are made and efforts are doubled, since the cartel contemplates another oil rate all in order to reach the desired goal of hike next fall. greater access to information. One such HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD H.R. 25 will not stop stripping, although town, which has been hurt by the eco­ OF MICHIGAN it may slow down somewhat. If it also encour­ nomic recession but has risen above this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ages greater development of non-strippable problem, is Trumbull, Conn. Several coal, that would be good. Most of America's Wednesday, June 4, 1975 vast coal deposits lie underground, and for years of work, individually and in con­ the long term, the nation must rely on sub­ cert with town leaders, will soon be Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, in surface mining for that energy-a mining formally recognized at the dedication of my capacity as ranking minority member method that will, in the long run, also bring the new facility on June 8. of the Committee on International Rela­ the greatest and most lasting dividends to I would like to congratulate all who tions, I have recently asked the com­ coal country. have worked so hard for this new library, mittee chairman, the Honorable THOMAS and to thank them for providing the MORGAN of Pennsylvania, to hold hear­ citizens of Trumbull with access to an ings on our policy of detente with the American's most treasured right-the Soviet Union. THE FREEDOM OF KNOWLEDGE-A freedom of knowledge. VALUE UNDERSTOOD BY TRUM­ I would like to elaborate on my reasons BULL, CONN. for requesting these hearings and make it clear from the outset that I am not calling for an abandonment of detente or HON. RONALD A. SARASIN MARK HARRY SCHECTER a precipitous return to the cold war. I OF CONNECTICUT do, however, maintain that detente has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been less than a total success to date. I believe that we should begin now to Wednesday, June 4, 1975 HON. CLARENCE D. LONG OF MARYLAND assess the progress and the problems in Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, as we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our relations with the Soviet Union and enter our Nation's Bicentennial year, we attempt to determine the prospects for often think of the great leaders who Wednesday, June 4, 1975 the future of detente. founded our country, of the battles that Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, Three years have now passed since were fought, of the patriotism that we I am honored to share with my colleagues leaders of the United States and the identify as being the sum and substance a report on the current exhibition of Soviet Union signed a communique in of America. Mark Harry Schecter, who has brought Moscow setting forth the guidelines of One major ingredient to the proud and international recognition to Baltimore detente, a policy intended-in the words successful development of the United County, as well as the United States. Mr. of the communique-- States of America, however, cannot be Schecter becomes the first American to To remove the threat of war and to create underestimated. That is knowledge. The have contemporary paintings exhibited conditions which promote the reduction of wisdom of centuries, the sparkling new in Red China in a quarter century. This tensions in the world and the strengthening concepts of our Founding Fathers, and international recognition of Mark of universal security and international coop­ the ideas of all who succeeded them have Schecter's creativity follows his success­ eration. been captured for the benefit of existing ful exhibition of 40 of his paintings at The objectives of detente are so in­ and future generations. This freedom of the :first International Art Show, held herently appealing, the rationale for the knowledge, for individuals of all walks of at the Coliseum in New York City, where policy so convincing, and the memory of life, all nationalities, an races, creeds, he received the "Honorable Mention" the cold war experience so menacing, and educational backgrounds, is avail­ award. that many Americans embraced the con­ able throughout our country because of A number of oil paintings by Baltimore cept of improved relations with the So­ one factor--our Nation's libraries. County artist Mark Harry Schecter viet Union despite lingering reservations Since 1698, when the first library of which in recent months have been ex­ about whether this policy could actually record was established, our people have hibited in the American embassies in succeed. The United States has proved 17114: EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS .Tune 4, 1975 willing, even anxious, to give detente a rhetoric and categoric ideology of the sible approach to our relations with the chance. cold war. I do, however, submit that we Soviet Union. But detente cannot exist With 3 years of practical experience to owe it to ourselves to take a hard, dis­ as a series of laudable concepts bearing draw upon, I believe the time has come passionate look at the .record of detente no relation to reality. Nor, given the for the United States to assess the bal­ and determine what we and the Soviet policy's recent lack of success, can it ance sheet of detente. Is the policy work­ Union hope to achieve from this policy in withstand another setback such as the ing to the mutual advantage of the Soviet the future. experience in Southeast Asia. The time Union and the United States, or have In its short history, the era of detente for detente to succeed is now. With Viet­ the benefits been one-sided? Has detente has amassed an impressive record of nam behind us, we are entering a peri\:>d actually led to a reduction of interna­ achievement; the Quadripartite Agree­ in which the principles of deten te will be tional tensions, or is it merely a facade ment on Berlin has removed that brave tested. We should know in short order of toasts and ballet performances mask­ city as a fiashpoint in East-West rela­ whether we have a workable Policy or ing continued rivalry between the United tions; we have made significant prog­ whether we have been deluding our­ States and the Soviet Union? ress-although much remains to be selves. Detente, despite its intrinsic appeal done-on strategic arms limitations; we The Middle East, an area of critical as an alternative to confrontation, must are involved in negotiations on European concern to the United States, the Soviet be judged as any other foreign policy security; there is unprecedented contact Union, and the world at large. will pro­ initiative: Does it serve our national in­ among American and Soviet leaders. The vide an important test for detente. To terests and the cause of international world in the seventies is indisputably the extent that we can fuster a coopera­ understanding? freer of overt East-West tension and the tive working relationship with the Soviet It would be naive to expect any abrupt threat of global warfare than at any time Union in bringing a just and lasting departure from traditional practice, such since World War II. peace to the region, we will strengthen as detente, to succeed uniformly and Still, it is difficult to escape the impres­ the prospects for cooperation. If, on the consistently; to assume there will be no sion that most of the achievements of other hand, the United States and the obstacles or setbacks as the United detente occurred in the past. The recent Soviet Union are unable to find areas of States and the Soviet Union begin to record has been characterized by increa~­ agreement in this potentially explosive redefine their relationships. ing frustration and an inability to block area, one must begin to question the Yet, despite a realistic appreciation of out areas of common concern in which value of what is reputed to be increased what is and is not possible in our rela­ we and the Soviet Union could work to understanding. tions with the Soviet Union, I am uneasy mutual advantage. I hope that Secretary Recent developments in Congress have about the recent history of detente. Viet­ Kissinger's recent meeting with the underscored the extent to which the nam and Cambodia have fallen to Com­ Soviet Foreign Minister in Vienna will United States remains committed to the munist forces armed and abetted by our reverse this trend and give new impetus continued existence of Israel within se­ theoretical partners in mutual under­ to detente. cure and recognized borders. It would be standing. A look at the historical record strongly a grave miscalculation for any party to Progress to date on some of the core suggests that detente was most effective assume that what has transpired in issues of detente, such as SALT II and when the United States and the Soviet Vietnam has in any way lessened our European security, has not been as rapid Union, through a common appreciation determination to stand by Israel and or encouraging as we might have hoped. of each other's strength and resolve, provide that heroic nation with the tools. The Soviet Union has balked at our opted for a policy of accommodation to defend itself. Detente, as projected concern for human rights and backed over one of continued confrontation. If to the Middle East, does not imply a away from a trade agreement with the this policy is to succeed in the future, process of bargaining with Israel's vital United States. Tensions are increasing the symmetry in United States-Soviet interests. It requires, instead, the best on the Korean peninsula and the situa­ relations must be preserved. A situation efforts of all parties to the dispute in tion in Portugal-menaced by a Com­ in which the Soviet Union percelves a working for a settlement that meets the munist takeover-is a cause for concern. diminution of U.S. power or resolve can legitimate requirements of both Israel' Our efforts to bring a just and lasting only erode the prospects for future and the Arab States. The Soviet Union peace to the Middle East are encoun­ accommodation. serves as cochairman of the Geneva Con­ tering increasingly difficult obstacles and A confident, secure United States, firm ference; it provides significant support to it remains to be seen whether the Soviet in its commitments to other nations and several Arab countries; it has important Union is prepared to be helpful in this capable of carrying out its responsibili­ influence in the area. How this infiuence critical area. ties, is a prerequisite to the success of is exercised in the coming months will I am pleased to see the administration detente. This is not the time to let down help determine whether or not detente has promptly realized that detente, while our guard and encourage Soviet adven­ has a future. highly desirable in the abstract, is not a turism. We must appreciate that our con­ The Middle East is not the only labora­ bargain at any price; that a policy of tinued ability to defend ourselves and tory in which detente will soon be tested. accommodation with the Soviet Union our interests, the importance of our In the aftermath of Vietnam, we must cannot be a one-sided affair. I heartily framework of alliances, are as vital to­ continue to monitor closely Soviet atti­ concur with Secretary Kissinger's state­ day as they were a decade ago. tudes in various disarmament and secu­ ment last month in St. Louis that Soviet If, in pursuit of detente, the United readiness to exploit strategic opportun­ rity negotiations, particularly the SALT States has an obligation to maintain a talks and the conference on European nities and its expansion of military position of parity with the Soviet Union, security. To what degree will respon­ power around the world "constitutes a it is self-evident that the Soviet Union sibility and a desire for accommodation heavy mortgage on detente." has a concurrent obligation to make the characterize Soviet policy toward the The America public today is demand­ policy work: the Sbviets must be pre­ situation in Cyprus, in Portugal, in ing a hard, rational look at our policies pared to play by the rules of the game, and tactics abroad. If these policies in­ Korea, and Indonesia, and in interna­ to join in the search for areas of ac­ tional efforts to deal with the problems cluding the keystone policy of detente, commodation and the means reduce­ are to succeed, they must be communi­ to of global economic interdependence? rather than to exploit-international On a more personal basis, to what cated to the public; they must be under­ tensions. The United States, which re­ extent will the Soviet Union moderate its stood; and they must merit support. We mains the most powerful and advanced must talk out the issues, face up to prob­ restrictive internal practices to permit lems where they exist, and work together nation in the wt>rld, is not prepared to a freer fiow of information to Soviet to determine achievable objectives. accept one-sided detente. We expect and citizens and more open communication In calling for an evaluation of de­ demand an attitude of reciprocity on the between their people and o·urs? If detente tente-a weighing of the successes and part of the Soviet Union. This fact must is to be meaningful and lasting, surely failures to date-I am not suggesting that be clearly understood if we are to pro­ greater people-to-people communication the United States abandon its policy of ceed, and succeed, with detente. and understanding should be both a goal seeking out areas of common concern I remain convinced that detente-if it and a result of this policy. ~ith the Soviet Union and return to the can be made to work-is the best pos- Our past problems in implementing the. June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17115 true spirit of detente need not prejudice problem and sought to create new jobs A HUMANITARIAN EFFORT the prospects for future accommodation through increased spending for public serv­ with the Soviet Union. They do, however, ice employment and conservation and con­ confront this policy with an urgent, struction projects. HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS II But Mr. Ford's budget-first viewpoint OF vmGINIA immediate requirement for success. The takes this initiative away as being too cost­ "heavy mortgage" on detente, occasioned ly for the nation to afford. Unless the veto IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by Soviet readiness to exploit rather is overridden, the ultimate coot may be a Wednesday, June 4, 1975 than reconcile regional conflicts, could great deal higher than the impact of the budget. Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I would like promptly lead to foreclosure if the tren to share with my colleagues an article of the recent past is not reversed. that appeared in the Catholic Virginian In calling for hearings on detente, I hope we can begin to determine whether FRANCIS CASTELLUCCI RETIRES AS regarding a "hunger meal" which re­ this policy can truly serve the mutual PROBATE JUDGE IN MACOMB sulted in $5,000 for Overseas Relief Serv­ COUNTY, MICH. ices. It is a good example of a truly hu­ interests of traditional adversaries. If it manitarian e:ffort of a group of concerned cannot, let us be prepared to examine citizens. alternative strategies for the future. HON .. JAMES G. O'HARA The article follows: OF MICHIGAN ST. RITA PARISIDONERS EAT HUNGER MEAL, IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES PLEDGE To FAST JOBS BILL VETO WRONG MOVE AT Wednesday, June 4, 1975 Rice with a. few vegetables and tea. with­ THE WRONG TIME out lemon or cream---0r sugar, for that mat­ Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, on July 1 ter-isn't likely to be on any American nu­ of this year. the Honorable Francis A. tritionists' recommended menu list, but pa­ Castellucci will retire as a probate judge rishioners of St. Rita's Church, Alexandria., HON. JOE L. EVINS in Macomb County, Mich., after 35 years made that their Ash Wednesday dinner so OF TENNESSEE of distinguished public service. that others might not have to do with even IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For the past 11 years, Judge Castellucci less. Two-year-olds to 72-year-olds gathered in Wednesday, June 4, 1975 has headed the Juvenile Division of the the parish hall before the traditional church Macomb County Probate Court, and Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, services marking the beginning of Lent to prior to that he had served as a justice give witness to St. Rita's community to fast the Nashville Tennessean in a recent of the peace in Bruce Township and had voluntarily once a. week during the peniten­ editorial points out that President Ford's presided over the justice court in the tial season and give the money saved to veto of the emergency employment ap­ Macomb County Jail. Catholic Overseas Relief Services. propriations bill-the jobs bill-was ill­ During his years on the bench, Judge According to Father Thomas A. Casey, as­ advised and ill-timed, coming as it did Castellucci has been responsible for many sociate pastor, the parish received upwards when the Nation is in its worst economic progressive innovations in the judicial of 250 commitments to the fast from pledges slump since the 1930's. signed during Masses Sunday, Feb. 9, when area--programs designed to build bridges Msgr. John Romaniello, a member of CRS Because of the interest of my col­ between various segments of the com­ and a. veteran of 23 years work in China, leagues and the American people in this munity, to help young people who have was the homilist. most important matter, I place the edi­ gotten into trouble, and to help prevent Christian Family Movement members Mary torial in the RECORD herewith: young people from getting into trouble Hope Nugent, Mary Ellen Bayer, Mary Ann JOBS BILL VETO WRONG in the first place. These programs in the Murad, Liz Isacco and Connie Szostak, who President Ford has taken a political and areas of education, substance abuse, prepared the "hunger banquet," made no social risk in vetoing a $5.3 billion package group therapy, school truancy and ther­ claims that the meal was a culinary delight for job-producing projects across the coun­ -just that it was inexpensive. A total of try through next year. apy for parents-to name just a few­ $5.30 for rice and tea and "maybe two dol­ In casting his veto, Mr. Ford wrote the are solid accomplishments which have lars' worth of onions, celery and carrots Congress that the blll "is not an effective been recognized by the people of Macomb taken from their family refrigerators made response to the unemployment problem. It County. enough food for about 100 people. would exacerbate both budgetary and eco­ Judge Castellucci has mobilized the re­ "It's just a subsistence meal," they said. nomic pressures." sources of the county in pursuit of solu­ "It's what poor people eat." "Economic recovery is expected to be well tions to the problems of young people. After the pastor Father Francis L. Bradi­ underway by the end of 1975," said the One group, Youthscope, brings together can led the blessing, "Bless us, o Lord, and President, adding that the infiuence of the this, thy rice," the people began to eat. Re­ measure would come too late to give impetus educators, police, parents and the court; actions ranged from "it wasn't too bad" to to the recovery. another group, the Positives, is composed "it was a sacrifice" until they watched CRS But in the wake of the veto, the adminis­ of lawyers' wives and probation officers movies on hunger in other countries and the tration said that unemployment and the re­ who work with young girls in the county effect of slow starvation on the minds and cession will be worse this year than it esti­ youth home. The formation of these or­ bodies of children. mated earlier. In its mid-year revlew, it pre­ gantzatlons demonstrates the depth of A second survey of the diners brought dicted unemployment wm average 8.7% for Judge Castellucci's compassion and his comments such as "when I look at those the year. That is higher than its February movies, I felt I'd had too much to eat." prediction. commitment to providing constructive "I couldn't finish mine because I was If the latter estimate is correct, it wm help to young people. watching the movie." mean that the jobless rate very probably It has been my personal privilege, Mr. "I had a second helping, but when I saw will rise above 9% later this year. The April Speaker, to count Judge Castellucci those kids, I couldn't finish it." rate was 8.9%. among my friends. I am sorry to see a Sister Marie Josephine SSI, minister of reli­ The jobs issue is going to be crucial for man of his wisdom and sensitivity leave gious education, explained that the volun­ Mr. Ford next year and if unemployment the bench, because we urgently need tary fasting program, which includes another does stay around 8. 7 % or 9 % for this year, this "hunger banquet" on Wednesday of Holy it means political problems for the President men of caliber dispensing justice Week, March 26, is part of an overall "Feed and social problems for the country. in our courts. I want to join with his My Lambs" Lenten theme for the parish. The present recession is the worst since many friends and admirers iil thanking "Even though it is a resurrection message, that of the 1930s. And in recessions, the Judge Castellucci for his contribution we think it very fitting because of the blsh­ income gap between the rich and the poor to the cause of justice, for the help he ops' appeal to Catholics to fast to provide widens rapidly. When prolonged, recessions has given countless young people, and for the hungry of the world," she said. usually bring a rising crime rate. the inspiration he has been to all who Money saved from the fasting program Mr. Patrick V. Murphy, president of the know him and who are acquainted with may be placed in the weekly collection basket Police Foundation, called high-unemploy­ in envelopes marked CRS or donated at the ment slums a "modern day debtors prison" the work that he has done. This world end of Lent, Father Casey stated. Grade from which residents could not escape. Ob­ needs more Judge Castellucci's, Mr. school children are also making "Feed My viously the frustrations of the jobless are Speaker; I am proud that Macomb Lambs" individual donation boxes for those going to increase with time. County has had its very own Judge Cas­ who would find them more convenient, Sister The Congress has recognized the potential tellucci all these years. Marie Josephine said. 17116 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 UNITED STATES STEEL CORP. this desired position. However, all such an­ The problem is now. Pratl'alCfted negotiations, TESTIFIES ON IMPORTS nouncements are couched in cautious terms under the GATI' agreement, can contribute which stress the "almost arrived" and em­ to eventual stability in world trade. phasize the need for continuity in t his earn­ However, they have no cha.nee of suocess­ HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS ing power if they are to sustain the heavy fully a.Ilevtating what appears to be the com­ financial burden of increasing capacity. OF PENNSYLVANIA ing impact of foreign encroachment on the Time plays one more role in considering dome.;;ttc market which, in turn, will restrict IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES world steel affairs. Steel equipment and ca­ capital ava.ilabiHty and the chance of do­ Wednesday, June 4, 1975 pacity are long lived. Once installed, it con­ mestic suppliers to provide the ca.pa.city tinues to operate for as much as half a cen­ eeded by growing American steel consum­ Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, I am here­ tury. Perhaps over time, this capacity will ers. with inserting into the RECORD a state­ not provide earnings adequate to sustain its Of course, the new Trade Bill strengthens ment by R. Heath Larry, vice chairman replacement and renovation. Yet it will op­ administrative enforcement of existing of United States Steel Corp., given at his erate. Certainly for an industry working in oountervaiHng duty and antidumping legis­ appearance before the U.S. International close harmony with governmental authori­ lation in the country. Once again, due to ties such a concern is considerably less than the level and product range a! import pene­ Trade Commission. The Commission vis­ in an indust ry which must earn its own way ited Pittsburgh, Pa., last month obtain tration, however, the potential from such re­ to and draw on competitive capital markets of course is inadequalte. It is too slow and too information on what impact relaxed new the world to sustain its operations and uncertain. Whatever he1p it provides tends trade concessions with foreign competi­ growth. to come a.f'ter the fact. It does n-0t, there­ tors would have on local economies and At this point in time, we are reminded fore, represent an acceptable solution to their working force. I trust my colleagues once a.gain steel production is cyclical. It will world steel seotor policies whLch produce will find Mr. Larry's remarks both in­ move with the ebb and flow of capital spend­ trade flows reflecting natlonial steel sector teresting and informative: ing around the world. Today we are im­ investment, ma.rkeit and employment poli­ pressed with the fact that industrial econ­ ales. SUPPLEMENTAL MEMORANDUM BY R. HEATH omies of the free world are moving in concert LARRY, VICE CHAIRMAN, U.S. STEEL CORP. Major world steel producers clearly per­ after a 1973-74 boom of historic magnitude. ceive the scope of the problem. This is evi­ Your Commission has been assigned the World economies have slid into a common denced in another quote from the same arti­ task of assessing the future importance of trough of industrial activity. cle referred to earlier in the February 22 tariff cuts on all sectors of our economy. Our problem is simply this. In a downward Economist, which says, "The Amerioans I should like to suggest that tariffs, per se­ swing of world industrial production, do we would like to prove that the Japanese (and at their current low level-have little or no want our market to support foreign steel in­ the Europeans, come to thait) are dumping impact on the ebb and flow of world trade dustry activity? Do we want 1t to alleviate steel. But the difficulty a! obtaining believ­ in steel. Concentration of attention upon their unemployment problem? Do we want able informaition about real selling prices in them amounts to keeping one's eye on the it to improve their earning capability so they Japan, as against the very low official list wrong ball. can afford to install capacity to provide steel prices, makes that almost impossible. In any I would suggest instead that time and the to support the next surge of industrial case, by the time a dossier oan be built up, broad governmental policies of individual growth in their economy? Do we want the the market will probably have boomed again nations of the world are more important con­ United States steel consumer, during the and nobody will want to bother. r.t haa also siderations than tariffs. To explain this blunt, next surge of industrial activity in the world, been suggested thrast the European Commis­ unresponsive statement, let me characterize to be again at the mercy of exorbitantly high sion coUld step in and stop European steel­ the steel industry and its position in the steel prices and restricted availability, just makers from 'aligning down' on Japanese as was the case in late 1973 and '74? world. prioes. Under the complex EEC steel pricing At this time in the world's development, Are we in such a period? If we are not in it, whether we like it or not, virtually all na­ certainly all the evidence at hand suggests rules, it is permissible for an EEC producer tions have decided a growing industrial econ­ we are rapidly approaching a period in which to cut its prices to compete with lower offers omy, which seems to be a common national we can anticipate a surge of foreign imports from a non-EEC producer. But this would be objective, requires its own steel industry. into this country at any price required to get next to useless so far as steel producers are Therefore, nation after nation has estab­ the action. Today we hear of offers of foreign concerned, bece.use it would not cut off the lished, nurtured, and sponsored its own steel steel in the Midwest at $40 a ton below do­ supply of J'apanese steel, espeoially that al· industry. The methods are as varied as the mestic price levels-this is the same steel be­ ready feverishly stockpiled in Europe." nations. Their objective is achieved by "ra­ ing offered to American customers at as Let there be no misunderst&nding. World tionalization,'' protecting home markets-­ much as $150 above domestic price levels 12 9beel trade is not impacted to any significant with tariffs as only e. small factor, providing months ago. The conservative British Eco­ extent by current tariff levels. The factors low-cost financing, or any other means re­ nomist, reviewing this situation in their governing the ebb and flow Off fOreign steel quired. Once established, their steel indus­ February 22 issue, said "Steelmakers around into our economy a.re much deeper and more tries become an instrument of achieving so­ the world have reacted to the sharp down­ pervasive than this. It is time, not ta.riffs, cial, economic and political objectives-pro­ turn in orders with equally sharp cuts in which is important at this stage in assessing viding employment, contributing toward a prices. . . . Many and wonderful a.re the the true impact of world steel tmde on our favorable balance of trade, or providing an boasts of steel buyers about how large a dis­ economy. The forthcoming months and essential industrial raw material at a low count they have obtained and for how long. quarters will decide whether the Amerloo.n cost for further industrialization and further But it is clear, whether or not these boasts steel consumer must rely for an increasing increases in world trade for products ma.de of have been overdone in the past, that some proportion of his supply on the erratic avail· steel such as automobiles, or ships. steel firms a.re now taking business at dead­ abiHty and a price set almost at the whim Time must also be recognized as a critical loss prices-and not just for SI>ot orders." of the world steel market, or whether he can element in world steel development because The dee'l1ne in world steel demand has im­ rely on a viable growing domestic steel changes do not come rapidly. It takes from pelled. some major foreign steel producers supply. five to ten years to develop raw material to request emergency government action. In sources, engineer, build, and begin to operate late March, Jacques Ferry, Chairman of the a reasonably sized steel-producing unit. French Steel Federation, requested the ECSC TRIBUTE TO SUE ROSENTHAL Thus, decisions made today do not impact to impose steel import quotas, describing on the world steel supply/ demand situation the apparent crts1s in the French steel indus­ for a number of years, and, conversely, deci­ try as the worst since the war. Such posi­ HON. JOSHUA EILBERG sions made today not to install steel capacity tions a.re advanced by foreign producers OF PENNSYLVANIA impact themselves in terms of restricted whose capita.1 requirements are met or un­ supply many years in tho future. derwritten by governments. In contra.st, IN THE HOUSE OF R~PRESENTATIVES It is recognized steel is a capital-intensive United States producers face the direct con­ Wednesday, June 4, 1975 industry. It does not take much time for a straints of our own profit system on their nation of the world to decide to sponsor and capital formation and their ab111ty to meet Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, one of the finance increases in its own domestic capac­ future steel requirements a! our economy. things an elected official must learn very ity. However, in a free market economy, it The problem 1s well recognized around the quickly about the people he represents is does take time for an lndlvlc:Lual firm to world. Much has been said aibout the need who will do the work that has to be done accumulate the capital required to support for 1nternat1on'8J. safeguards agiailnsrt preda­ and who will just talk. growth in steel capacity--or time to indicate tory prictng a.nd market disruptions in peri­ In my district in northeast Philadel­ to the financial markets of the world a sta­ ods such as this. The various calls for ac­ phia, Sue Davidoff Rosenthal is known as bility of operations and earning capabllity to tion are direct.ed. towiard the forthcoming obtain the necessary capital to expand steel GA'IT negabl91tlons. One of the major ob­ a person who not only cares about what production to meet growing requirements. jectives set for U.S. nego1iia.tors is ach1eve­ happens to the people who live in her In the United States, you have read public merut of adequate safeguards. I submit the community, but as one who has worked announcements by many individual compa­ element of time enters again. GA'IT nego­ effectively on their behalf. nies indicating they have almost arrived at tiations will proceed for two to three years. I have known Sue Rosenthal for many June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS years and have been able to work with ognized. I commend these hard-working 6(c) engage in ram.es or games with prizes. her on many community health projects. individuals. Their work is vital. It is 13(d) give gifts for certain purchases. At the present time she is; 6 (a) other ---. my hope that people in the community 3. If yes to number 1, what sanctions were Chairman of the Northeast Citizens who need help will avail themselves of mentioned or suggested for not increasing Health Committee, the services o:ff ered. your sales? A member of the board of directors of 26 (a) loss of lease. the Northeast Community Health Orga­ 15(b) reduction in service from the parent nization. com!)any. A member of the Citizens Board of Oil.J COMPANIES PRESSURE DEAL­ 17(c) other---. Frankford Hospital, 4. If yes to number 1, what incentives ERS TO SELL MORE GASOLINE have been offered for increased sales? A member of the Regional Comprehen­ AND Oil.J 1 (a) cash rewards. sive Health Planning Board; and 6 ( b) non-cash gifts, specifically ---. A cofounder and member of the board 6 ( c) other---. of directors of the Bridge at Fox Chase, HON. ABNER J. MIKVA Please feel free to add any additional a drug rehabilitation center. OF ILLINOIS comments you feel appropriate. For her work with these organizations IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and many other programs, the people of Wednesday, June 4, 1975 the community paid tribute to Sue Ros­ enthal at a dinner in her honor. It was Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, I have just LOOK FOR THE GOOD SIGNS not a fund raising affair; the gathering completed a survey of more than 300 re­ had no other purpose other than to honor tail filling station dealers in my district. The results indicate that while major oil HON. BOB WILSON her. OF CALIFORNIA This type of recognition goes only to companies are publicly preaching energy those people who truly deserve praise for conservation, they are privately pres­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their e:ff orts and I am proud to be the suring their retail dealers into increas­ Wednesday, June 4, 1975 ing their sale of gas and oil-related Representative of a constituent such as Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, much Sue Davidoff Rosenthal. products. Mr. Speaker, while the rest of the opinionizing has been done recently about country is trying to conserve energy, the what some view as deplorable conditions oil companies are trying to lure us into in the United States. Like Chicken Little, consuming even more oil and gas so that we are being told that the sky is falling. I IN RECOGNITION OF MAY AS BET­ do not believe that that is the case at all. TER SPEECH AND HEARING MONTH they can increase their profits. Of the 130 filling station dealers who responded We need to get off the negative track and to by survey, 64 percent said they were be positive, because though we do have our problems, our future is actually pretty HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD being pressured to increase their sales bright. OF MICHIGAN by either oil company threats or incen­ tives. I think this Positive attitude is well­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Of the 84 filling station dealers who stated by Richard G. Capen, senior vice Wednesday, June 4, 1975 president of Copley Newspapers, who be­ reported being pressured to increase lieves in our country, our economy, and Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, I sales, the most common methods that our future. I include his remarks in the bring to the attention of my colleagues were proposed to them by the oil compa­ RECORD so that our colleagues may have that last month was Better Speech and nies were to expand hours-72, and lower prices-73. Many of the dealers the benefit of his thinking: Hearing Month. It is important for us LOOK FOR THE GOOD SIGNS to recognize the valuable work performed complained that while they were being by speech pathologists, audiologists and urged to lower prices and reduce profit (By Richard G. Capen, Jr.) other specialists who have made vital margins, the oil companies maintained Never before has there been so much their same price per gallon, thus increas­ doom and gloom as there is today. Never contributions in this field. before have so many complained so much It may be difficult to believe, but more ing their profits from each station which and been so confident of so little. We re­ than 20 million Americans-10 percent sold more gasoline. hash our nation's problems and failures, of all children and adults in the United Fifty-eight of the respondents said leaving little time and energy to overcome States-have speech, language or hear­ they were threatened with a variety of them. We hang our heads in shame with a. ing impairments which can severely punishments if they did not implement self-destruct button at our sides. We shake damage their ability to function. the proposals to increase sales-such as accusing fingers at each other, frantically One of the major problems faced by loss of their leas-es-26, reduction in serv­ seeking to pin the blame on the nearest ice froll?- their parent oil company-15, scapegoat. the communicatively handicapped is the To a large extent we are becoming para­ lack of knowledge of where to tum for and various other forms of noncoopera­ lyzed by our own shortcomings, while ob­ trained medical help. It should be noted tion-17. Thirteen respondents said they sessed with a seemingly endless desire to that in the Detroit area alone there are were offered incentives to increase sales, dwell on past mistakes. many dedicated speech pathologists and such as cash rewards or trips or various By magnifying our shortcomings we have audiologists who are available to help. other prizes. · discouraged ourselves and disappointed I have forwarded the results of my others as well. Too many have been con­ Some of the services include clinics lo­ vinced that unless we succeed in everything, cated at Beaumont Hospital in Royal survey to the Federal Energy Admin­ istration and have requested that it act we have succeeded in nothing. Since when Oak, St. Joseph Hospital in Pontiac, is America unable to withstand some hard Children's Hospital, Henry Ford Hos­ immediately to prohibit such tactics by knocks and occasional setbacks? pital, Sinai Hospital, Mt. Carmel Hos­ the oil companies. And if the FEA feels Well, I believe it's time to knock off such pital, Mary Grove Hospital in Detroit, it does not have the authority to prohibit negativism and look for the good signs around and in many nearby counties. Help is also such counterproductive action by the oil us. I do not belittle the problems around us. provided by the Oakland County Public companies, I will propose legislation But neither do I believe we have lost the Schools, Macomb County Public Schools which will give it the necessary author­ will and determination to overcome them. ity. America has faced lnfiation, recession, short­ and many nearby universities. In addi­ ages and foreign affairs crises before. You tion, consulting specialists are usually The following questionnaire was sent name it. Ultimately we have resolved it in available free of charge, to all of the to filling station dealers in my district. the long run-and we can do it again. communicatively handicapped through The total responses are indicated by the The first step, however, must be the 25 years of age. numbers in each question: rebuilding of national self-confidence, the Both the speech pathologist and the L Have you been urged in any way to restoring of a will and determination to suc­ increase your sale of gasoline and/or other ceed. We must first believe in ourselves and audiologist perform valuable services in oil products? 84 yes. 46 no. we must encourage others. This ls an exciting diagnosing and treating individuals with 2. If yes, what specific means to increase time to be alive! speech, hearing and language problems. sales were proposed? One of the most important good signs cen­ Their dedicated work and strides in re­ 72 (a) extend hours. ters on our own refocus on the basic values search and treatment deserve to be rec- 73 (b) lower price. of life. l'Ml8 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 The problems of recent months have forced our products are becoming more competitive Let's turn to the college campus. Today the us to analyze ourselves. What is my goal in abroad. atmosphere among students has changed life? What are my values? Can we afford There has been a 12 percent gain in sales significantly. Fraternity and sorority life has what often has been a disposable society? of non-durable goods. made a big come-back. There is a resurgent Must we expect more of everything, all the Construction costs, according to a major interest in religion. ROTC recruiters a.re wel­ time? construction company, will drop mid-year for comed on the campus. College students a.re Afiluence has drawn us away from family the first time since 1958. buried in their books, working to establish and friends. If nothing else, today's economic The Dow-Jones Industrial Average has in­ an academic record that will impress a conditions a.re forcing many of us to stay creased more than 200 points since December. prospective employer. home more and to find family ways of enjoy­ Certain jobs continue to go begging despite There is a sense of purpose toward educa­ ing ourselves at less cost. What's wrong with unemployment trends and in some cities un­ tion with definite career goals in mind. At that? employment rates are considerably lower the same time, there is a feeling of decency For many the current recession has gen­ than the national average. among students-a far cry from the flaming erated a refreshing rebirth of family life. Consumers, bogged down so long in gloom, campuses of the 1960s. There is a return to a simpler life. High appear to be somewhat more spending What about the energy crisis? We know spending ha.bits are dropping. Costly frllls minded. that our energy shortages are not going to on the products we buy are being eliminated Home building appears ready for a turn­ be resolved overnight, but do we really be­ and throw-away living habits are fading. around. lieve that with our scientific knowledge, in­ What's wrong with that? Food prices are leveling off. genuity and technological capability that our on balance, the American family unit is There are record flows of money into sav­ scientists and engineers will not eventually surviving and prospering as never before. ings accounts. step forward with practical solutions to ease Church membership is up dramatically. The drama tic shifts in our economy also our dilemma? There is a deep recommitment to religiou~ have created unprecedented opportunities for We are constantly finding new sources of faith. some industries. Today oil drilling equip­ energy. We have a tremendous coal resource There is a tendency to refer to the "Good ment manufacturers, food processors, main­ and we have great nuclear energy capa.bllity. Old Days"-which, during the first half of tenance equipment producers and repair We may find practical ways to harness the this century, were barely endurable for mil­ firms are booming. lions of Americans. We suffered two world tides. The French already are generating While Americans are perhaps less than ex­ energy from that source. In fa.ct, engineers wars, confilcts in Korea. and Vietnam that cited about the $100-200 tax rebate, it is es­ seriously divided our nation, a great depres­ timated that a substantial portion of the have estimated that there may be 100,000 sion and seven major recessions. $8 billion refund wm be used to pay bllls, coves, bays or channels that would lend In the early years of this century the thus offering an immediate injection into themselves to harvesting the tremendous divorce rate was rising fast. Women were told our economy. power of tides. that they should know "their place" in life. The rate of saving is another measure of Every second the sun produces more energy The majority of American blacks lived in the confidence. There, too, is good news. Today than man has used in the past five thousand South with no right to vote and little oppor­ people are saving nine percent of their after­ years. We a.re likely to find better ways to tunity for education. Lynchings were not un­ tax income-the highest rate of savings in harness that energy too. In the meantime, common. Racial and labor strife was a per­ 29 years. And, there stlll appears to be enough we will experience shortages and resulting sistent problem. cash left over to spark an unexpeoted vaca­ changes in lifestyle. But we have already In 1933, with half the work force, 12 million tion boom in many sections of our country. learned that that may not be a completely Americans were unemployed-fully 25 per­ The tendency to save for the future sug­ undesirable development. cent of the work force. And, anyone out of gests that most Americans have not lost con­ Many of us complained about the 55 mlle­ work then was out of luck because there were fidence in the economy or in the value of an-hour speed limit. However, it not only has no safeguards of unemployment insurance, their money. In past periods of rampant in­ reduced oil consumption, but it has lowered food stamps and other such benefits to ease flation, individuals spent their money like highway deaths by more than 1,000 lives per the financial strain. Somehow, people man­ it was going out of style. This is not hap­ month. aged to do the best they could with what they pening today, suggesting that individual sav­ Let me turn to foreign affairs. There is no had. In the perspective of the 1930s, the ings can set the stage for a business rebound doubt that the world is going through dra­ problems of the 1970s don't look quite so bad. when Americans feel the time to buy is right. ma.tic change. Nevertheless, the United Let's turn to the economy. There are good And that time may be coming soon. States-with its economlc and technological signs here too. With our obsession for self-criticism we base-still remains the ls.rgest single factor Each month we beat ourselves over the ignore the fact that far greater difficulties are in foreign affairs. head with unemployment statistics-one­ being experienced abroad. In the past five As a new world order takes place, new tenth of one percent rise at a time. I do not years consumer prices have increased 51 diplomatic opportunities are crea.ted--0p­ belittle the hardships of unemployment. But percent in Great Britain, 45 percent in Italy, portunities we certainly will lose if we sit we should realize the fact that 85 milllon 43 percent in Switzerland and 31 percent in back and wring our hands. Americans are employed today. West Germany. Today it costs 31 percent Like it or not, we are a great econ.omlc This past month the government an­ more to live in Tokyo than in Washington, and military power. No other nation in the nounced that the unemployment rate was at D.C. free world can assume our role of leader­ a 84-year high. Overlooked and understated We complain about sixty-cent-a-gallon gas ship, though it will require demanding cre­ was the fact that total employment in Amer­ but in Greece, gas costs $2.60 a gallon. In ativity a.nd national unity in the weeks and ica. reached an all-time high. Great Britain mortgage costs currently run months ahead. Americans today are smarter, wiser, tough­ 15 percent. We belittle our own economic As we soul-search for the lessons of Viet­ er, more tolerant and more flexible to change strength and yet our total national output nam, we should not forget that there has than ever before. Despite inflation, real fam­ not been an abundance of diploma.tic initia­ remains twice as great as that of the Soviet tive and creativity on the part of the Soviet ily income has doubled in a generation. Union, three times as large as Japan and four Union. They, too, have their own rough Fringe benefits have increased three-fold times greater than West Germany. edges with their allies a.nd a periodic feeling since 1960 and poverty levels have been cut Let me turn briefly to a number of other of helplessness in dealing with problems be­ 1n half. na.tiona.l confidence builders. First, the Pres­ yond their control. In addition, they have a Americans now work fewer hours in more idency. We know only too well what a beat­ real technology gap with their economic interesting and less back-breaking jobs with ing this office has taken in the past two growth continuing to fall behind that of the longer vacations than ever before. Public years. In this century alone, the Presidency United States. opinion polls generally state that Americans has survived assassination, incapacity, de­ Other nations may delight in our own a.re dissatisfied when it comes to the life pression, war, scandal, and in each case the shortcomings, but 1mm.1grants continue to around them, but when asked about their transition was accomplished without tanks come here by the millions, fleeing from own lives and thier own jobs, they are over­ rumbling through the streets, bombs on the marching armies, loss of freedom and all whelmlngly satisfied and pleased with their White House or coups on the Capitol steps. other types of manmade devastation. They lot. This past August the presidential transi­ come here because they are convinced that Let's look at other economic good signs­ tion was accomplished smoothly with the in America there ls hope for man and his each has been announced in recent weeks: strictest adherence to our Constitution. The family and for the future of his children. The consumer confidence index has jumped truly remarkable thing a.bout that transition We must never forget what motivates them 20 percent. was that none of us thought it was particu­ and how their example should motivate us. The drop in new housing starts has slowed. larly remarkable at a.11. My love of America does not blind me to Business inventories have dropped to the I believe that President Ford is restoring the reality of our flaws and mistakes. But lowest percentage since 1948, thus clearing respect for his office and I think most Amer­ I am convinced that there is hope, providing the decks for new production. icans share that viewpoint. He constantly we convince ourselves of that hope. Mortgage money is easing up and interest receives high marks for honesty and integrity. It took Thomas Edison 586 experimental rates a.re dropping. Sure he has his problems but his open ap­ !allures to find the right fl.lament for a light In each of the pa.st two months there have proach and willingness to listen to divergent bulb. Winston Churchlll's rare opportunity been record trade surpluses, indicating that viewpoints helps immeasurably. for leadership did not come until he was 66. June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17119 Admiral Robert Peary spent 23 years and of the Fourth District would be far more materials-all, word of honor, earmarked seven !allures in pursuit of his goal of reach­ difficult. On behalf of thousands of vet­ solely to rebuild schools which, with hos­ ing the North Pole. erans in southwestern Connecticut, I pitals, as is well known, constituted the main The greatest delusion of all is that only targets of the U.S. Air Force. talent counts in achieving excellence. In my thank her for her work and add my own The Viet Cong, representing more of a field opinion, confidence in what you are doing deep personal gratitude for all her helo. force, mainly got food, clothing, and lots of and persistence in what you are doing are hospital supplies and hard-to-get drugs and equally important 1n the successful achieve­ medicines. Only for VC children, naturally, ment of excellence. not battle casualties. As we look to the future we cannot bring UNICEF AIDED VIETNAM FALL By contrast with their Communist oppo­ about constructive change by preaching only nents (whom UNICEF joined Russia in sup­ gloom and doom. More than ever we need plying precisely the materials most needed to create a climate of positivism. That effort HON. LARRY McDONALD for support of continued warmaking), the must start at home. It must extend to our OF GEORGIA good people of the U.N. saw to it that South friends, to our associates and to our fellow Vietnam got only the softest possible goods, citizens. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES food and medicines. If you think the world 1s coming to an Wednesday, June 4, 1975 In another statistical anomaly, while the end, there is no way you can contribute t.o Viet Cong have not since 1968 been credited improving it. If you belleve you wlll fail, you Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. with more than 15 percent, if that, of the likely will. Speaker, as more and more proof rolls in population of South Vietnam, UNICEF gave I happen to have great confidence in spelling out the dominance of the Com­ the PRG 36 per cent of what it gave Saigon. America. I have confidence in our ab111ty to munist nations in the U.N. and its related Besides the above direct contributions, succeed. And, I am. encouraged by what I organizations, the membership of the which came from specific donors, the Com - see as good signs for our future. United States becomes less and less rele­ munist cause received an invisible incentive vant. Certainly, the taxpayers of the from the whole body of U.S. taxpayers be­ United States could and should be re­ cause UNICEF contributions are tax-deduct­ lieved of the burden of supporting the ible. CHARLOTTE R. LUTINSKI: A DEDI­ Depending on how well-off they were, those world's largest :floating cocktail party. In who gave to UNICEF received anywhere from CATION TO VETERANS support of my contentions regarding this 14 to 70 per cent back in tax-exemptions for organization, I wish to call the atten­ charitable contributions. tion of my colleagues to a recent article Assuming that the UNICEF flame burns HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY more brightly in elitist bosoms of well-heeled OF CONNECTICUT by the Detroit News columnist Robert D. Heinl on this subject. The following col­ suburbia, it would be a fair assumption that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the median tax bracket for contributors fell umn appeared in the Greenville News close to the 36 per cent level. Wednesday, June 4, 1975 on May 16, 1975: In other words, John Taxpayer, you un­ Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, con­ UNICEF AIDED VIETNAM FALL wittingly authorized Uncle Sam to pay out gressional staff increases can never re­ WASHINGTON.-Last fall, when you gave the over $3 million in incentive-money to induce place or improve upon the dedicated work kids trick-or-treat money for UNICEF or certain of your fellow citizens (also, to be ordered UNICEF Christmas cards, did it occur fair, unwittingly) to put up well over $8 mil­ done for us by volunteers. Time and ef­ that you, and behind you, the U.S. Govern­ lion to give aid and comfort to enemies of fort donated by members of our home ment, were bankrolling the Communist take­ the United States in a shooting war. communities have proved indispensable over of South Vietnam? A trick, you might say, on the American in completing many of the complex proj­ Well, you were. public; a treat for Ho Chi Minh. ects undertaken to meet the diverse needs In programs purportedly established "to of constituents. Charlotte R. Lutinski, help children in Indochina," the United Na­ of Bridgeport, Conn., is an outstanding tions Children's Emergency Fund gave just short of two-thirds of its collections to North METAL example of such a volunteer. Her aid has Vietnamese or to the "Provisional Revolu­ ABOLISH AND NONME­ been invaluable to me in reaching out to tionary Government of South Vietnam," TALLIC MINE SAFETY BOARD OF the 69,000 veterans in Connecticut's sometimes confused with the Viet Cong. REVIEW Fourth District and informing them of The exact numbers, conceded by a UNICEF the benefits available on both Federal spokesman, run as follows: and State levels. UNICEF collected and disbursed a total of HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON For more than 10 years, Charlotte has $13,649,433 for its Indochina children's pro­ OF ILLINOIS spearheaded the efforts of the •VFW grams. While smidges of this came from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES abroad, the overwhelming amount came out auxiliary, Sgt. Thomas J. Nelson, Jr., Wednesday, June 4, 1975 Post 9427, as both district and local pres­ of the pockets of U.S. taxpayers. Of this eight-figure sum, $8,975,587 went to Mr. ~r. ident. Because of her proven leadership Communist recipients: $6,313,130 directly to ANDERSON of Illinois. and experience, I asked her 3 years ago Hanoi and $1,975,587 more-via Haiphong and Speaker, today I am introducing a bill to be the program director of my vet­ Hanoi, of course-to the Viet Cong or PRG, which would abolish the Federal Metal erans outreach program. as they are now styling themselves in "Ho and Nonmetallic Mine Safety Board of As part of that effort to assist ex­ Chi Minh City.'' Review and transfer its functions ~nd servicemen in Fairfield County, we com­ While Communists were thus getting 61 powers to the Secretary of the Interior. piled lists and sent brochures to every per cent of UNICEF's largesse, our ally, South This five-member board was created Vietnam, got only $5,360,707, or 39 per cent. in 1966 to hear appeals from noncoal veteran, outlining all Federal and State Unlike the South, where UNICEF and other programs for veterans. Charlotte was United Nations benefactions could be moni­ mine operators ordered to shutdown by tireless and effective in organizing the tored, gifts to the Communists who, of the Mining Enforcement and Safety Ad­ mailing list we used in this campaign. course, would permit no observers went un­ ministration as unsafe. Another process She also assisted me in studying the supervised as to distribution. of appeal exists with the Office of Hear­ possibility of constructing a veterans In the explanation of its spokesman, ings and Appeals in the Interior Depart­ outpatient and convalescent hospital in "UNICEF has no way to make sure the sup­ ment differing only in that the law pro­ our area. In addition, in 1974, Charlotte plies to the Communists got to children. vides' for a court review only upon an They were dropped off at the airports and appeal to the Review Board. In every directed a successful program to inform docks, and we assume they were used as we World War I veterans of their eligibility intended.'' other respect these two processes are for a $300 bonus from the State of Con­ Begging the above rather large questions identical. necticut. She personally visited the as to Communist reliability and disinterested Of the 1,998 closure orders last year, homes of several elderly veterans who solicitude toward the helpless-which not one was appealed to the Federal would otherwise have remained unaware UNICEF appears to have bought at 100 per Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety of that beneficial program. cent with no discount---it is also interesting Board of Review. In fact, since 1972, only Clearly, Mr. Speaker, Charlotte R. to see the kinds of supplies and equipment one mine closure has been appealed, and UNICEF felt were needed by the kids in in this case, to the Secretary of the In­ Lutinski has been extraordinarily gen­ Vietnam. erous in service to her Government and Deliveries to Haiphong, by Third World or terior, not the Review Board. Even more her community. Without her dedication Communist shipping, consisted primarily of peculiar is the fact that in the 5 years of ar..d that of her fellow volunt.eers, the trucks, bulldozers, heavy engineer construc­ its existence, this Board has not yet task of informing and aiding the people tion-equipment, and construction tools and heard one appeal of a mine closure. 17120 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 The President has requested $60,000 weight of public opinion behind them, had public servants, knowing that each one will in annual upkeep of the Federal Metal they not been thinking of "losing China," of inevitably have some of the failings that are "being soft on Communism," of the forlorn part of all human nature, including our own. and Nonmetallic Mine Safety Board of realization that all the sacrifices of the sec­ We will accept, I believe, the fact that in Review in his budget for fiscal year 1976. ond World War had only landed us with a the world we live in now we must have an In my opinion, this is another flagrant Cold War, with true peace still far away? adequate capacity for defense. Only the example of wasteful Government spend­ It is impossible to deny the pressure of knowledge that we have such a base wlll give ing. Again the Congress has not exer­ public opinion on Truman, Eisenhower, and us all the sense of security that makes gen­ cised proper oversight of Government Kennedy, although the revealed deceptions erosity of spirit possible. The strong can agencies to determine whether their con­ of the Tonkin Gulf resolution suggest an ex­ afford setbacks and even exploitation, when tinued existence is justified. ploitation of the public more than they do generous gestures are misused and taken ad­ a reaction to any pressure. vantage of. This is not a pleasant prospect, The time has inevitably come for some but we will never make a world in which law intellectual honesty, without unworthy ef­ prevails and human beings are free under forts to find a scapegoat. In a democracy, law if we do not press forward with all our WE MUST TURN AGAIN TO WHAT one has to take into account all the ele­ energy towards a true concern for all people AMERICA DOES BEST ments. No one segment of society operates equally. apart from the whole. We are all in this to­ After Vietnam, with its sordid deceptions gether, and that's the truth. The only ques­ and foolish errors, with the terrible losses tion that remains is what do we do now? and all the pain, we must turn again to what HON. LARRY PRESSLER A few things seem clear. We need a full America does bes~peak for freedom and OF SOUTH DAKOTA discussion of what the vital interests of compassion across every barrier of dissent and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this country really are, as far as our world distance. Self-respecting and firm in our re­ position is concerned. Perhaps it is true that solve, once we have decided on our course, we Wednesday, June 4, 1975 it is impossible--or even dangerous-for must be prepared to sacrifice for goals that Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. Speaker, as a those in policy-making positions to outline we have agreed upon. Vietnam Army veteran, I have a par­ the areas of the world we think are essen­ But none of this wlll:· be possible if people tial to our own security. Certainly, it was feel they are being fooled, if the politicians ticular interest in the direction our coun­ said that Secretary of State Dean Acheson's and the press and all our great institutions try will now take. What will the after­ failure to include Korea among the nations do not stick to their declared purposes. How math of Vietnam bring? of special concern to us precipitated the at­ can we decide on matters of official conduct Mr. Speaker, our colleague, Congress­ tack of North Korea against the South. But if the most respected writers praise one man woman MILLICENT FENWICK, was one of it is equally certain that these things should for actions which are roundly condemned in the Members of this body who ventured be discussed. another? Why do we continue to allow leaks to Vietnam this past spring at the request We need to know what constitutes a vital from grand jury proceedings to be published of the President. Upon her return she part of our defense an d security-what seas in the press, when we know that a citizen and straits and canals fall in 'that category comes before the jury without counsel, cooperated extensively with the press in which areas are essential and why? Is foreign counting on the honor of the State and the an effort to share the impressions she trade beneficial to the factory workers of this jurors? The answer seems to be that we have gathered there with the American public. country? How many jobs in this country forgotten the old virtues. As we have all learned as a result of her depend on foreign trade-and if the number We started out in this country on a high tireless work on the House floor, Mrs. is considerable, what do we sensibly do to plane, speaking of "ma.n's inalienable rights," FENWICK has a commanding presence facilitate and encourage it? There are the pledging "our lives, our fortunes and our questions that need to be aired in every sacred honor"; those were the last and most and speaks with a refreshing candor in poignant words. these times of incessant posturing. I high school, college and university, in every Chamber of Commerce and union hall, in That we still have an appetite for them wa.s think we can all benefit from studying every men's and women's club meeting. There proven by the public's reception of the pro­ the following article which she authored is no use thinking that any policy which ceedings of the Judiciary Committee. There and which appeared in the Washington has no roots in a public consensus can be we saw the variety of America, citizens from Star on the evening of April 30, 1975. The sustained in Congress or engineered by any every corner of the country, rising almost depth of her thinking and the insightful administration. unanimously (though with varied conclu­ overview of the situation she encountered I don't think we can live comfortably in sions) to the grandeur and solemnity of the any world which is completely Communist, matter before them. Sticking to principle, in Vietnam are, to my thinking, quite when it was convenient and when It was not. edifying. with all communication and trade turned against us whenever the authorities choose. Following the Constitution they had sworn In the play Camelot, King Arthur said We must hope and work for a rule of law, to uphold. It was in a way a magnificent "We're all tiny drops in a vast ocean, but where principles of justice and equity pre­ specta~le, restoring one's faith in our country some of them sparkle." In the judgment vail. The United Nations needs to be re­ and its institutions, confirming our belie! of many of her colleagues, MILLICENT minded of this. If it is to be the path that that free men and women can act nobly and sparkles. Since coming to this body, she leads to such a world, it will have to turn will, when the occasion demands. away from a selective svstem which too often In a way, it is a sad commentary that some­ has received many social notices in the thing we should have been able to take for press. Overlooked frequently is the dili­ seems to apply preiudice and emotion in place of justice and reason. granted a.roused such universal acclaim. The gent committeework and fioorwork she America is tired of doublespeak-Orwell's chairman of the Judiciary Committee, Rep. does. I am an unabashed admirer of Peter Rodino, received thousands of letters "Newspeak"-by which "democracy" is used from cities and hamlets all over the United hers-and I wish to insert this fine and to describe an authoritarian regime, and thoughtful article she recently wrote. I States, expressing the most touching grati­ even dignified intellectuals will approve mili­ tude for the way he handled the proceedings. believe it captures the essence of what tary dictatorships and militarized 5-year-olds It is a lesson for all of us. It gives great hope our country must do in the post-Vietnam provided only that they support a left-lean­ because, in the last analysis, after Vietnam era. ing regime. And we are tired too, of law­ and all the turmoil of these past yea.rs, it The article follows: and-order advocates who are re'vealed as law­ shows wha.t we still admire. And what is ad­ breakers of the most dangerous kind, public FENWICK: "WE MUST TuRN AGAIN TO WHAT mired is the measure of a people, as it is ot servants who serve special interests far more a man. AMERICA DOES BEST" readily than they do the public. (By Representative MILLICENT FENWICK) The whole experience that is called Viet­ "After Vietnam"-it is impossible to say nam bas brought America to a realization that we are really through with Vietnam that character and common sense are the UNITED STATES MUST BE MILITAR­ and all it meant to the country. The Presi­ essential ingredients of anyone who pretends ILY SUPERIOR dent's fine speech in New Orleans put one to speak for the public. We used to be ready phase of it behind us-the recriminations to admire a certain shrewdness, a clever op­ and the hurried, undignified efforts to as­ erator who could manipulate people and sit­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK sign the blame to one administration or in­ uations in such a way as to advance personal OF OHIO dividual or section of government or another. advantage or attain the acclaim available IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There is plenty of responsibility to share­ to the successful. It's not going to be that none can escape its portion-neither can we, way any more. Wednesday, June 4, 1975 who were simply members of the general The present nostalgia for President Harry Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the public when all the decisions were being S. Truman is part of this new point of made, who knew only what the media re­ view-that sturdy, unmistakable and deeply only sane defense policy for the United ported to us. patriotic character. We are beginning to ad­ States to foliow is one of military su­ Would any of these elected officials have mire candour and honesty and a certain periority. On February 1, 1972, I made decided as they did, had they not felt the humility and when we do we will get such a speech entitled "How the United States June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17121 Lost Military Superiority." I have not to be coming to the realization that the RESPONSIVENESS TO CONSUMER ha.ct to retract on~ statement that I regulatory agencies which we have been The regulatory summit's purpose ls to en­ m -de at that time. busy creating in the name of "the public courage the agencies to have "a little more responsivenes:. to consumers and a little less As I stated then and repeat now: "The interest" have, in fact, been harmful to responsiveness to those they regulate," com­ road to p2ace h'ls never been through ap­ the interests of most Americans. ments George C. Eads, assistant director of ~easement, unilateral disarmament, or The Interstate Commerce Commission, the Council on Wage and Price Stability and negotiation from weakness. Among the for example, each year permits the a contributor to the Brookings study. great rations only the strong survive." trucking industry to do what no unregu­ (The first of three administration pro­ While we are still considered a strong lated private industry is permitted by posals aimed at easing the regulation of nation-and may I say as an aside the law to do-set its own prices. Interstate transportation will be sent to Congress this actions of President Ford in the Cam­ rates are established by 148 "rate week, it is reported. It will deal with the In­ terstate Commerce Commission which regu­ bodian seizure of an American ship were bureaus," which are regional associations lates the railroads. the right and just actions of a strong of truckers. Any trucker who attempts (The rail bill, according to the New York nation-the Soviet Union is quickly to charge less finds himself in real Times, would allow railroads, in the first building up its power. The facts are plain trouble. John Snow of the Department year, to increase or decrease rates up to 7 to anyone who will look. of Transportation states: percent without the changes being subject to I have never changed my views. I am Truckers are in a situation that almost suspension by the ICC.) a hawk. I believe in military superiority. every industry would like to be in. They can The railroad, trucking, and airline indus­ I do not speak of potential enemies as sit down and veto the rates of their tries are amo: ci those regulated areas of the competitors. economy t- •_ e Brookings.researchers examined many do. We have real enemies in the for "the possibility and desirability of di­ Communist world. The Brookings Institution has just is­ minishing the scope of regulation." Soviet strategic forces have been grow­ sued a 393-page report entitled, "Pro­ While the study recommends substantial ing at a rapid rate for more than the past moting Competition in Regulated Mar­ lessening or elimination of regulation in the 10 years and this has continued since kets." Prepared by nine economists and airline, surface transportation, and bank­ the SALT I agreements of May 1972. The ing industries, it found the case less compel­ one attorney, this study is additional ling for deregulation of intercity telephone United States has accepted numerical evidence of the need for serious regula­ inferiority in ICBM's and SLBM's. communim.tions and ocean shipping firms. tory reform. KEY FINDINGS LISTED The Soviets in the last 2 % years have With regard to the airline industry, been developing four new missile systems The 393-page report, replete with detailed the study concludes that the public economic analysis, was prepared by nine and constantly have been testing new would get "lower fares and more appro­ economists and one attorney: Here, organized multiple warheads and MffiV's. The priate levels of servi.::!e" if the Civil Aero­ by industry, are some key study findings. Soviet missiles that can be eouipped with nautics Board were to "relax substan­ Airline industry. The public would get MIRV's have three to six times the pay­ tially its control over fares and entry." "lower fares and more appropriate levels of load of American missiles that can be Discussing the Interstate Commerce service" if the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) similarly equipped. were to "relax substantially its control over Commission, economist Thomas Gale fares and entry" into certain markets, ac­ If the Soviets repla-Oe their older mis­ Moore of Michigan State University siles with the new missiles that they are cording to research by economist George states that the costs of current regula­ Eads. developing and which is allowed under tions are "not only substantial but At the present time the CAB must approve the SALT agreement, they will increase monumental." He concedes that some both the routes an airline flies and the fares their throw weight by 100 percent. It is regulation may be necessary to ' ap­ it may charge on those routes. estimated that it would only take 300 of pease" the railroad industry, but con­ Mr. Eads told reporters there could be some their new largest missile to threaten our cludes that "a substantially unregu­ improvement in CAB regulatory performance total ICBM force of 1,054. The Soviets because the agency "reads what the H111 is lated industry could be a major im­ thinking and reads what the administration would have left more than 1,300 ICBMs provement over the existing situation." with more than 5,000 warheads to use is thinking." against other American targets. It is my own view that governmental Truck and railroad industries. The costs of interference in the workings of the free current Interstate Commerce Commission From numerous re:ports, the Soviets regulations are "not only substantial but are building new missile silos in excess market almost inevitably produces the kinds of results we have seen. The real monumental," says economist Thomas Gale of the number allowed in the SALT Moore of Michigan State University. While agreement. Also, they are testing a new answer, in the long run, may not be he concedes some regulation may be neces­ radar system of a type used in ABM sys­ "less" or "better" regulation but no reg­ sary to "appease" the railroad industry, "a tems which is prohibited in the 1972 ulation at all. Only by permitting the substantially unregulated industry could be ABM Treaty. The Soviets are concealing free market to work will the public inter­ a major improvement over the existing missiles, which is also prohibited in the est truly be served. situation." 1972 agreements, and are continuing the I wish to share with my colleagues the Electric utilities. In areas where two power report concerning the Brookings study companies compete for consumers' business, development of mobile ICBM's-the de­ the rates charged are lower than where one velopment of which the United States which appeared in the Christian Science firm has a monopoly, according to research considers a violation of the spirit of the Monitor of May 20, 1975, and insert it by Walter J. Primeaux, Jr., a University of interim SALT agreement. into the RECORD at this time: Illinois economist. I do not know how much longer we as REGULATORY PANELS VERSUS THE CONSUMER In cases where a local power company has a Nation can afford to allow this country (By David T. Cook) a capacity of under 222 million kilowatt to slip further behind the Soviet Union. WASHINGTON .-Consumers would get bet­ hours per year it would be best for conc;umers ter service at lower prices if government reg­ if regulation allowed more than one firm to We need a stronger defense to protect sell power, the researcher says. our very liberty. ulation of some major U.S. industries were radically altered or eliminated, a new Brook­ For the majority of the oower industry ings Institution study says. where generating capacity is higher, monop­ oly organization should remain and even But prospects for substantial deregulation with the most thorough reorganization of the are "romote," the study concludes, adding BROOKINGS STUDY SHOWS THE that "partial deregulation is a more possi­ industry, regulation would still have a role, WASTEFULNESS OF GOVERNMENT ble achievement" in some industries. a separate part of the Brookings reoort says. REGULATIONS Intercity telephone service. Study editor The report, "Promoting Competition in Almarin Phillips t0ld reporters there is "so Regulated Markets," was released as Wash­ much risk in changing, it probably w0• 1 Id HON. PHILIP M. CRANE ington waits for President !"ord to hold a not be worth making" ma_jor regulatory meeting with the commissioners of federal changes. OF ILLINOIS regulatory agencies. Banks and savi~s institutions. Whlle the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When Mr. Ford told a U.S. Chamber of study does not advocate total deregulation, Wednesday, June 4, 1975 Commerce convention last month that he substantial changes are suooorted. These in­ would hold the regulatory meeting, he said clude the elimination of interest ceilings on Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, it has taken current federal rule-making procedures savings dep~sits and allowing interest to be some time, but Americans seem finally "abound in contradictions and excesses." paid on checking-account balances. 17122 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 HEW OFFICE OF CONSUMER AF­ nificant in light of the recent legislation to analyzed using a systems analysis frame­ FAIRS STUDY SHOWS FEDERAL establish an Agency for Consumer Advocacy. work which suggests a number of functions AGENCIES UNRESPONSIVE TO CIT· The word consumer ls used to mean an in­ which an agency complaint-handling sys­ dividual who purchases or uses a product or tem must have if it is to respond adequate­ !ZEN COMPLAINTS service; organized groups and consumer ad­ ly to consumer complaints. The framework vocates are not included in this classifica­ assumes that an agency should attempt both tion. The study concentrated on the Federal to solve the individual's problem and to in­ HON. DAVID W. EVANS establishment's responsiveness to individuals corporate complaint data as much as possi­ OF INDIANA who are dissatisfied with the product or ble into overall agency policy making. More· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES service. over, the evaluation procedure assumes that The report just filed presents the findings any complaint which a consumer sends to Wednesday, June 4, 1975 of the first portion of the Federal Central the government merits some form of re­ Mr. EVANS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, Office phase of the contract, and describes sponse, if only an acknowledgement. It was an article appeared in the June 2, 1975, and evaluates the central office complaint­ felt that the response should be made with­ handling systems of fifteen federal agencies. in a reasonable period of time, specifically, issue of Capitol Hill Forum containing Future phases of the study will examine the under three weeks. information which probably comes as no complaint-handling systems of seven more The study uncovered a number of signif­ surprise to anyone. federal agencies, following which, at the op­ icant structural weaknesses in the majority The article concerns a study commis­ tion of OCA, complaint-handling systems of the agencies ex:a.mined. A preponderance sioned by the Office of Consumer Affairs operating in federal agency regional offices, of the organizations studied had inadequate in the Department of Health, Education, state and local governmental agencies, and mechanisms for assuring that complaints and Welfare to determine whether and the private sector Will be reviewed. directed to the agency by the consumer how various Federal agencies respond to The findings of the report must be viewed were ever answered (called "internal follow­ as tentative. There will be considerable up.") It ls interesting to note that all agen­ complaints from citizens. amounts of data added in a final report on cies had existing followup systems to assure The study found that in many cases, federal central office complaint handling response to congressional inquiries. In addi­ consumer complaints were handled which wlll be filed in November of 1975. tion, the majority of agencies had no policy poorly, if at all. The study also discovered The study has collected information by or adequate procedure for dealing with com­ that a cover letter from a Member of conducting interviews with agency person­ plaints received over the telephone. It was Congress accompanying a citizen com­ nel, by reviewing agency documentation, and found that many agencies had no system plaint speeded up the process consider­ by sampling consumer complaints from the for reporting number or types of complaints ably. files of the respective agencies. It will collect received. Complaint data was inadequately additional information by conducting two analyzed and information supplied by com­ I will confess that I do refer com­ surveys this summer. These are ( 1) a na­ plainants was seldom transmitted to senior plaints from constituents to the Federal tional probability sample of consumers, and agency officials. Significantly, a number of agencies. Often letters I receive begin, (2) a sample of consumers whose com­ agencies had no policy at all for handling "I wrote to • • •, but have received no plaints have been handled by the federal complaints. In fact, several agencies either reply." And I will also admit that I re­ agencies under study. These surveys will be reported that they received no complaints ceive replies from the agencies, although especially useful in providing data concern­ from consumers or stated that they were routinely it takes a month or more for ing the degree to which consumer complaints not in the complaint handling business and it to arrive in my office. are successfully resolved and the role played therefore required no policy. by federal agency central offices in those The report further uncovered a number of It is an unfortunate and inequitable resolutions. facts which did not pertain to structural state of affairs when only a Member of The report presents three sets of interim evaluation, per se, but which are of sub­ Congress can sufficiently prod a Federal findings: a description of how each agency's stantial significance. A great many letters are agency to respond to a legitimate citi­ central office handles complaints, an evalua­ written to the White House and are ad­ zen complaint. The citizen who writes tion of the general state of complaint dressed to the President. These a,re usually directly to an agency deserves a full and handling in the federal establishment, and sorted according to the nature of the prob­ timely response every bit as much as the individual evaluations of the 15 agencies lem and, subsequently, sent to the appro­ citizen who writes to his or her Repre­ which were studied in the first phase. These priate agency for direct response. The term included: for this correspondence is "White House sentative who in turn contacts the 1. Civil Aeronautics Board bulk" mail, and an agency might receive as agency. 2. Consumer Product Safety Commission many as 300 letters a week forwarded from Mr. Speaker, in light of the probability 3. Office of Consumer Affairs (Department the White House. Although some of this mail of discussion in the near future on the of Health, Education and Welfare) ls of the crank variety, much of it is written proposed Agency for Consumer Advo­ 4. Department of Housing and Urban De­ by citizens who have been mistreated or ig­ cacy, I am inserting the article men­ velopment--Office of Housing Management; nored by bureaucrats and who are thus turn­ tioned above in the RECORD for the in­ Office of Housing Production and Mortgage ing to the White House as a final recourse. formation of my colleagues: Credit; Office of Interstate Land Sales Reg­ Most agencies consider this mall low priority, istration and two agencies applied the terms "garbage" AGENCIES UNRESPONSIVE TO CITIZEN 5. National Highway Traffic Safety Ad­ and "junk" to it. Needless to say, these agen­ COMPLAINTS ministration (Department of Transporta­ cies expend little effort in responding to these (By Alison Freeman) tion) letters. The Office of Consumer Affairs, (OCA) of 6. Federal Communications Commission­ No agency had conducted any special the Department of Health, Education and Broadcast Bureau; Cable Television Burea.u; analysis of complaints from disadvantaged, Welfare, under the direction of the Assist­ Common Carrier Bureau low-income, or minority groups. Many ant to the President for Consumer Affairs 7. Federal Energy Administration agencies felt that only important communi­ Virginia Knauer, has received an interim 8. Federal Trade Commission cations from consumers warranted a reply 9. Food and Drug Administration (Depart­ of any kind. At the same time, these agencies report from a study it commissioned on the had no established policy to determine the status of consumer complaint handling in ment of Health, Education and Welfare)­ Office of Professional and Consumer Pro­ categories of mail which might or might federal agencies. The overall purpose of the not "deserve" a response. study, being conducted by TARP, Inc., a grams; Office of Legislative Services; Prece­ dent and Advisory Communications Staff Another serious problem Ues in the inabll­ management consultant firm of Washington, ity of consumer complaints to affect agency D.C., is to investigate existing federal and IO. Interstate Commerce Commission­ Claims Branch, Section of Insurance; House­ policies. The rating chart demonstrates that non-federal government programs for re­ many agencies have no procedure for com­ solving consumer complaints, a.swell as pro­ hold Goods Branch, Section of Motor Car­ piling statistics on the number and types of grams conducted by business and voluntary riers; Passenger Service Branch, Section of Railroads complaints they receive. Nor do they analyze groups, to determine the adequacy of these the complaint data even if they have it. mechanisms and, if need be, to recommend 11. US Department of Agriculture-Agri­ Finally, very few agencies have any formal alternatives for development of more uni­ cultural Marketing Service; Animal and mechanism for acting on information and form, more effective, integrated consumer­ Plant Health Inspection Service; Economic complaint data. supplied by consumers. In complaint-handling mechanisms. Research service; Extension Service; Food the context of agency policy making this The report, while interim in nature, ts and Nutrition Service means that even if a consumer's individual important from two perspectives. First, it in­ 12. US Postal Service problem Is solved, little action is taken to see dicates that complaints from consumers to Federal agencies given descriptive over­ that similar oversights are avoided. the Washington bureaucracy a.re poorly views during the first portion of the Fed­ The report also suggested that the la.ck of handled by a. number of agencies. Secondly, eral Central Office phase of the contract are: consumer knowledge about whom to write the results of the report raised serious ques­ I. Environmental Protection Agency t.o further complicates complaint handling. tions regarding the ability and commitment 2. Federal Power Commission One recommendation made to improve the of some agencies to conduct other consumer 3. Securities and Exchange Commission situation was that agencies communicate to oriented activities. This second point is sig- The information gathered to date has been the public the scope of their jurisdictions. June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17123 Second was that agencies should require vs. decentralized complaint handling, the United States and abroad. In the com­ businesses or service providers to notify the need for certain centralized functions has ing years, Dr. Reed hopes to see Olivet consumer at the point of purchase or serv­ become obvious. These functions include the continue to expand and improve even ice delivery, where to address any complaint promulgation of definitions and standards to. for response time and quality, collection and further under his successor. Individual agencies varied widely in the interpretation of complaint statistics, devel­ I have no doubt that it will for he has adequacy of their complaint-handling sys­ opment and transfer of complaint-handling laid an excellent foundation. In honor tems. Few agencies were all good or all bad. technology, and monitoring and evaluation of of his distinguished service, I am insert­ For example, on the 24 criteria used for the activities of individual agencies. ing in the RECORD today an interview evaluation, one agency received 13 excellent The Office of Consumer Affairs has been with Dr. Reed that was published recent­ ratings and only one unsatisfactory, while attempting to carry out these functions, but ly in the Kankakee Daily Journal: another received seven excellent and seven it faces a number of serious constraints. unsatisfactory evaluations. At the other end First, Executive Order 11583 gives OCA nu­ DR. REED LOOKS BACK of the scale, one agency rated excellent twice merous mandates and responsibilities other (By Bill Seil) and unsatisfactory on 15 criteria. The five than rendering assistance with complaint Dr. Harold Reed's 26-year tenure as presi­ agencies with the highest ratings for com­ handling. These other duties stretch OCA's dent of Olivet Nazarene College, a record plaint handling are in the Civil Aeronautics resources very thinly. Secondly, OCA has among state educators, was an era of de­ Board, the Consumer Products Safety Com­ almost 30,000 of its own complaints to answer velopment for the Bourbonnais campus. mission, the Interstate Commerce Commis­ and/or refer. Therefore, OCA faces common Dr. Reed's retirement on July 31 wm mark sion, the Office of Consumer Affairs, and the problems with the other agencies: whether the longest tenure of any college president in Post Office. Those with the least adequate to handle complaints, or to perform the other the state's history. Beyond this, his adminis­ systems are the Department of Housing a.nd responsib1lities of its mandate, or to attempt tration was a period when Olivet grew both Urban Development, The Office of Housing to do both. Fina.Uy, given that some agencies in size and academic quality. Production and Mortgage Credit, the Envi­ perceive that they have no mandate from Sitting in his office at Burke Administra­ ronmental Protection Agency, the Federal Congress to handle complaints, they take tion Building, Dr. Reed reflected on the Energy Administration, and the Federal a. dim view of OCA's looking over their events of the past quarter century at Olivet. Power Commission. shoulders or distributing unwanted advice. He relaxed in an easy chair by a wall of book There is a high correlation between the Congress is in a position to solve all of shelves that contained some of his favorite existence of a policy regarding complaint the above problems. While the Phase II study volumes. handling and the adequacy of an agency's report (which w111 be available in approxi­ "While I've been president of the college, system. All five agencies which have the ma.tely January) will contain substantially during the summer months, I've tried to read highest ratings for system adequacy have more data on still more agencies than the a book a week," he said. "I can't quite keep satisfactory ratings on accountabllity, 1.e., present report, several issues have been raised up with it during the year. But I feel that they have an explicitly designated policy for by the initial report to which Congress the winds of intellectual thought have to dealing with consumer complaints. Those should address itself at this point. First, it blow through the mind of a college presi­ agencies with the lowest ratings have no pol­ should either specify a mandate for each dent or he'll go dead." icy for dealing with general consumer ex­ agency regarding complaint handling, or it Each year Dr. Reed's reading list includes pression. The Federal Power Commission has should ask each agency to publlsh its pro· at least one significant book on each of the a policy relating to the handling of a few cedures for complaint handling. Either o:t six major fields of study taught at Olivet. In particular cases, but none which is com­ these approaches would both communicate addition, he reads biographies of individuals prehensive enough to address general congressional interest in the subject and whose lives may contain messages that can complaints. force the agencies to address themselves to be passed along to the student body. While the variation of the adequacy of the this matter. He ls also a student of contemporary theol­ complaint-handling systems may be attrib­ Secondly, Congress should provide the re­ ogy and has written three bOoks in the field. uted, in part, to the level of commitment to sources necessary to coordinate the now :frag­ Dr. Reed's retirement this summer will the consumer's cause, much of the blame mented Federal complaint handling system. coincide with the scheduled completion of rests not with the agency heads but with Neither of these actions preempts any future the Hugh c. Benner Library and Learning the very members of Congress who constantly decisions on a.n agency which performs a Resources Center on the Olivet campus. The criticize the agencies for their unresponsive­ consumer advocacy function. center will expand the campus library's book ness. The response which the researchers re­ capacity from 75,000 volumes to about 180,000 peatedly received to questions of account­ volumes. abillty within an agency was that "the agency The campus was much smaller and the is too busy doing what Congress has man­ DR. REED LOOKS BACK college was having serious financial difficul­ dated us to do to utmze scarce resources ties when Dr. Reed took the post of ONC responding to consumer complaints." The president in 1949. Olivet was about $500,000 agencies feel there has been very little direc­ HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN in debt and banks had cut off a.II credit. tion from Congress in the area of consumer The new president decided that several responsiveness. Almost all agencies cite regu­ OF ILLINOIS steps had to be taken to get the college mov­ lations or guidelines as their level of author­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing again. In a short time he was able to ity for such responses. Further, almost all Wednesday, June 4, 1975 borrow $30,000 from individuals against ex­ agencies report that they have no statutory pected revenue, raise the full education mandate to deal with complaints. This be­ Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, this sum­ budget in a limited period of time and raise comes especially true in the case of nonju­ mer one of the outstanding educators in sufficient funds to furnish the newly com­ rlsdictlonal complaints. my district, Dr. Harold Reed, will retire. pleted Williams Hall. In three years the col­ Another facet of the role of Congress in Dr. Reed has served as president of lege was operating in the black. complaint handling ls the fact that the Olivet Nazarene College in Kankakee Before his arrival at Olivet, Dr. Reed had congressional approach to complaint han­ County for a record 26 years. Under this served as pastor of a Nazarene church in dling (refer to an agency with a demand for Junction City, Kan., and had gained a repu­ instantaneous reply) is very dysfunctional administration the college has grown tation for his ability to build a church with to the solution of the overall problem. In from a small, :financially troubled insti­ very little money. With only a few hundred all agencies, TARP found comprehensive tution to a prosperous, forward-moving dollars and a good deal of volunteer help, systems to assure high quality response to academic center. He has helped to make he and his congregation constructed a complaints referred by congressmen. Several Olivet Nazarene one of this country's church during the depression. This was a agencies devoted more of their resources to leading Christian colleges where students major factor in his appointment as president dealing with a limited number of executive receive both quality education and a of Bresee College at Hutchinson, Kan., a pieces of mail, including congressional refer­ short time later. rals, than to all other consumer man, despite solid grounding in morality and ethics. After serving as president of Bresee for indications that the volume of general con­ Outside of the college, Dr. Reed has four years, Reed left to get his doctorate. He sumer man ls much higher. In other words, played an active role in his community. then served as vice president of Bethany the consumer with a serious complaint who He has unfailingly given his time and Nazarene College for two years and as a does not write to his Congressman, or to the efforts to assist local projects with orga­ clergyman for five years. agency head, receives a much lower priority nization and fundraising. According to Reed, the first major aca­ and poorer service than the consumer with, Now he is retiring but neither Olivet demic accomplishment of his administration perhaps, a minor problem who does write nor the community at large need to was full accreditation by the North Central his Congressman. It ts understood that this fear they are losing a friend. Dr. Reed Association of Colleges and Secondary situation is a "fa.ct of life," but the con­ Schools in the mid 1950s. trasts are very stark when viewed in detail. and his wife, Maybelle, are planning to "I think the first real academic victory While this study has not dealt with the remain and make their home in the Kan­ was to be fully accredited by the North Cen­ issues surrounding the need for a consumer kakee area permanently. First they are tral Association in 1956. In order to do that advocacy agency, and this interim report does taking a well-earned year off to travel I had to add personnel with doctorates to my not even consider the merits of centralized and visit friends and relatives within the staff, and I had to build the Memorial Li- 17124 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 brary, which is now being incorporated into great help, particularly during fund-raising on the assumption that people wlll willingly the new one," Reed said. drives. according to Reed. turn in most of the lllicit weapons. Of the After accreditation was granted, enroll­ "In drives for financing in the community remainder, some wlll be taken during normal ment began to grow. there has been genuine enthusiasm on the police procedures. And the rest? Presum­ In the decade that followed, the Ludwig pa.rt of those who have assisted us and on ably they wlll be retained by the robbers and center student union and the Reed Hall of the pa.rt of those who have given," Reed said. murderers until the malefactors are caught. Science were built on campus. Reed feels "And to me, this is heartwarming." One way to look at this sort of result that the construction of these two buildings is to say that it is ineffectual against the kept the momentum of the college going most frightening aspect of gun proliferation. during this period. Another is to say that it disarms only the "It has seemed to me that we reach a THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE GUN good guys, leaving the bad ones more firmly plateau and then we have to have something in control than ever. that will give us a real push in order to go The pro-gun people say it both ways, in on from there," Reed commented. "The ac­ HON. BILL FRENZEL addition to their rather transparent talk eredita.tion in 1956 was one of those big OF MINNESOTA a.bout "sports" uses for guns. But even if pushes and in 1966, the completion o! those IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the distinction can be ma.de between sports two buildings was another." guns and anti-people guns, it's hard to come Dr. Reed hopes that the next "big push" Wednesday, June 4, 1975 up with a law that is both acceptable and for the college Will be full accreditation of Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, a recent effectual. the Olivet master's degree program. He said Some legislative proposals have called for this would make the college a "mature in­ editorial by William Raspberry in the limiting the manufacture and importation stitution at the master's level" and give it Washington Post does a good job of pin­ of cheap handguns, the so-called Saturday the ability to add any master's program, pro­ pointing the dilemma we face in trying Night Specials. That seems a useful thing viding staff and facilities are available. to effectively control the illicit use of guns to do, but it is hard to see much social Dr. Reed said there are several things he in a free society. All of me proposals I benefit except in the very long run. would like to see happen at Olivet over the Some jurisdictions, including nearby Balti­ next 10 years. He would like to see a new have seen that try to deal with this prob­ lem get hung up on the horns of this more, have tried taking guns out of circula­ college chapel built, as well SIS a fine arts tion by paying a bounty for them. Predict­ and religion building. He also hopes for the dilemma. Either the proposals depend ably, Baltimore found itself buying up a. lot development of a field house With a seating on voluntary compliance in which case of cheap, rusty junk, most of it worth far capacity of 10,000. the bad guys are the only ones left with less than the $50 a weapon the city was pay­ Reed would like Olivet to become a univer­ guns or the programs are so strong that ing. sity in the next 10 yea.rs. He hopes the col­ we gain effective gun control at the ex­ What all the proposals have in com­ lege Will continue to be one of the nation's mon is that they would take guns from leading Christian colleges with a strong spir­ pense of a free society. In either case we fail to achieve our principal objective, only the law-abiding citizens. They might, itual thrust, a strong academic program and after a long time, make it harder for the regular chapel services. namely a free society free from gun­ criminal-minded to acquire guns, since pre­ The student has been the center of the toting criminals. sumably there would be fewer guns and college's programs during his administra­ When someone comes up with an effec­ fewer sources for acquiring them. tion, according to Reed. tive program that does not abrogate in­ But there are an awful lot of guns already "Our philosophy has been to serve the dividual rights, it will have my vigorous out there, and they seem to change hands student," Reed said. "The student, in my es­ support. readily enough without the necessity of going timation, has to be the center of your entire The Raspberry article which follows through any process that would expose them program." to police confiscation. And since guns don't Reed's philosophy of administration also is worthwhile reading for people on both wear out, none of the legislative proposals includes a policy of only borrowing to build sides of the gun control issue: is apt to make us feel much safer from revenue producing facilities. Non-revenue [From the Washington Post, May 28, 1975) criminals. producing facilities must have financing ar­ THE Goon, THE BAD, AND THE GUN They would however, do one useful thing: ranged in advance. (By William Raspberry) They would reduce the likelihood of ordinary "Another philosophy I have is nothing suc­ lawabiding people kllling themselves and ceeds like success," Reed said. "I! a program There must be some logical, reasonable, each other, during family quarrels, fits of is rolling, help to keep it rolling." socially acceptable way to move from the depression, or accidents, including those In addition to his work at Olivet, Reed gun-toting country in which an estimated that result from misguided attempts to sub­ was active in the development of Riverside 70 people a day are killed by bullets to a due criminals. Hospital. He worked in organizing the proj­ society in which there either are no guns These lives are, of course, well worth ect and served on fund raising drives. Reed designed to kill people, or at least in which saving, and the legislative proposals may be served on the board of directors of Riverside such guns are only in the hands of those worth enacting for that reason alone. for the first 10 years the hospital was in with a legitimate need for them. But gun control as a means of reducing operation. There must be a way, but I don't know armed crime is something else again. It's Reed and his wife, Maybelle, have one son, what it is. And after watching Sunday's 60 hard to see how that can be accomplished Ha.ldor, who is active in the film industry Minutes show on CBS-TV, I'm not much through any program that is largely volun­ and has appeared in the film "The Doberman reassured that anybody else knows, either. tary. You have to take the guns from the Gang." Haldor is involved in acting, directing The 60 Minutes segment dealt with Ja­ criminals, and to do that you have to find and photography. maica's effort to reduce that island's gun­ them. Dr. Reed has three brothers who have spa.wned slaughter by confiscating all illegally All of which seems to add up to something achieved prominence in their fields. Edwin held handguns and bullets--which is to say close to what the Jamaicans are trying: Reed was formerly a captain in the Pasadena., practically all handguns and ammunition not the warrantless raids, the summary ja.ilings Calif., fire department. Dr. George J. Reed is owned by law enforcement agencies. and other abridgements of rights we have vice chairman and former chairman of the Jamaica's effort began with a short period come to take for granted. United States Board of Parole in Washington, during which weapons could be turned in It would be nice tc live in a society that D.C. J. Wesley Reed is judge of the superior without penalty. It is being followed by an is both free and gunless, but I'm not sure court in Los Angeles County, Calif. all-out campaign that includes warrantless you can get there from here. Reed and his wife have traveled extensively house-to-house searches of premises and throughout the world, including trips to person for contraband weapons and ammuni­ Europe, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. tion. They make regular vacation trips to Florida, Persons found in possession of such con­ where Reed en1oys going deep-sea fishing. traband are subject to immediate jailing POLITICAL ASSASSINATIONS-THE The Reeds will be away from the Kankakee in special facilities that include lockups, PLOT AGAINST CASTRO area. for one year following his retirement, al­ courts and "rehabilitation" centers, where though they plan to make their home in the arrestees without previous criminal records community. During the coming months the can be reclaimed as useful citizens. HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ Reeds Will spend time with their son in Cali­ Jamaican authorities interviewed for the OF NEW YORK fornia. and visit Hot Springs, Ark. The Olivet show said over and over a.gain that there's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES board of trustees has also made it possible hardly any other way to do it if one is serious for Reed and his wife to take a lengthy trip a.bout removing handguns as a social Wednesday, June 4, 1975 outside the United States. menace. Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, in recent The students, staff, trustees and alumni of The Jamaican example speaks directly to weeks there has been increasing attention the college have been verv kind over the past the most difficult aspect of effective gun con­ 26 yea.rs, Reed said. He added that the trust­ trol: How do you get to the people who would focused on the involvement of officials ees have given him strong support during his use their guns illicitly, to rob or to kill? of the U.S. Government in plotting and, administration. Nearly every American proposal for gun in some instances, actually carrying out The local community has also been of registration, confiscation or control is based the assassination of political leaders of June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17125 various foreign governments. Report­ euphemism--of Fidel Castro was a. subject ot that he did, that I wasn't so much for the frequent, pointed and practical discussion in idea of assassination, particularly when it edly instigated in most cases by the the Kennedy Administration-sometimes by could be pinned on the United States." Central Intelligence Agency, these kill­ the President himself. Murder was not wrong; it was just inef­ ings or plots have been directed against Maj. Gen. Edward G. Lansdale says, for fective-and by any other name would smell a number of foreign politicians-such example, that he was ordered by Robert Ken­ as rotten. as Trujillo, Castro, and Diem-whose nedy, acting under John Kennedy's author­ regimes were considered to be inimical ity, to prepare contingency plans to depose to the primary interests of the United Mr. Castro, and that in the operational plan­ RETAIL DRUG PRICE COMPETITION ning for that purpose, Mr. Castro's murder States. In a television documentary may have been "contemplated." broadcast last weekend, convicted According to an undisputed report by HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL Watergate burglar Frank Sturgis ad­ Nicholas M. Horrock in The New York Times, OF NEW YORK mitted not only to having participated General Lansdale's planning operations in a conspiracy to murder Fidel Castro formed only one "track" of what was a "fran­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES but to actually conducting a dry run of tic" search by the CJ.A. after the Bay of Pigs Wednesday, June 4, 1975 the assassination in Cuba. fiasco for some means of eliminating Mr. Cas­ tro's leadership in Cuba. Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, as a The New York Times' award-winning The indisputable fact is that any reason­ longtime advocate of retail price compe­ columnist Tom Wicker has written a able person who plans or helps to plan the tition in the sale of prescription drugs, I very timely and thought-provoking ar­ deposition of a political leader by clandestine welcome and applaud the proposal by the ticle on the whole question of political means has to take into account the likeli­ Federal Trade Commission to abolish assassinations, focusing on the plot hood that the deposed political leader wm be laws and regulations in two-thirds of the against Prime Minister Castro and cit­ k111ed-as, for instance, Ngo Dinh Diem was States which forbid the advertising of kllled after being ousted in a military coup ing the statements of retired Maj. Gen. in South Vietnam. General Lansdale, in fact, retail prescription prices. Edward Lansdale which not only im­ has conceded that he knew, in planning for I am disappointed that the Congress plicate an American Attorney General the deposition of Mr. Castro, that "opera­ has been so lax in this area, despite the but, possibly, a President as well. tionally down the pike something like this prodding of myself, some 45 other Mem­ Mr. Speaker, to the extent that the could emerge." Those who ordered the con­ bers who are cosponsoring legislation I allegations in Mr. Wicker's column and tingency planning could hardly have known have introduced to accomplish this goal, others elsewhere in the written and elec­ less. and millions of consumers who are fed There is moreover, evidence too rich in de­ tronic media are accurate, these ill­ tail to be lightly dismissed that the C.I.A. up with paying excessive prices for medi­ conceived murders and schemes cer­ plotted with well-known members of the so­ cine and with being denied the informa­ tainly represent one of the most shabby called Mafia to murder Mr. CastrPhiladelphia. Daily News, those who prescribe and dispense them. Join­ uct. The pharmacist has no real control over Jan. 30, 1975] the drugs which the doctor prescribes, but ing in the battle to maintain high profits are THE BLIZZARD KING the pharmaceutical organizations which ex­ he is responsible for following the physi­ pend enormous amounts of time, money and cian's directions as to drug type, brand (if Among the more unusual expertise the effort to prevent consumers from comparing prescribed), strength and dosage. Under law, Army will lose when it closes the Frankford the retail prices of prescription drugs. State he must also be certain that the drug ls fresh Arsenal is that of Dave Askin, Blizzard King. pharmacy boards and supportive organiza­ (the date of potency loss is on the pharma­ Inside building No. 230, Askin spends a tions, whlch formulate and vigorously en­ cist's own package but he is not obligated good part of each day puffing a smelly pipe force anti-advertising and anti-substitution to give that information to the consumer, and running back and forth between snow laws, play the most significant role in keep­ nor does he usually volunteer it). Finally, he storms and tropical floods. ing price information from the consumer. must accurately label the customer's pre­ A short, nervous man, Askin is a former Although they wrap themselves in the same scription. civilian a.Ir-conditioning engineer who ca.me cloak of piety which surrounds the medical The responsibility for patient care ls the to the arsenal in 1951. He spent six years profession, drug manufacturers and pharma­ obligation of the physician. In the words of developing one of the most extensive environ­ cists more closely resemble business firms a pharmacist, "It is the physician, not the mental labs in the country. He does not in­ whose exclusive interest is profit. Excessive pharmacist who writes the prescription. In­ tend to move when his creation is trans­ prices and monopolistic practices go hand in structing and counseling the patient is the ferred. hand with the desire of most pharmacists to obligation, duty, and responsibllity of the Visitors to his shop may find themselves avoid retail price competition. Ultimately, physician, not the pharmacist." 3 Philadel­ sharing the place with a Sahara desert sand­ this combination works a hardship on the phia pharmacist Edward Pastor states: storm or a thundershower--or both. His spe­ sick and afflicted-all of us at one time or "Drug interactions can be controlled only cial weather rooms are large enough to hold another. by the physician. A patient filllng one pre­ an armored tank and can produce any There are signs that the drug industry scription at Store A, a second at Store B and weather condition on earth. itself is becoming aware of this situation. a third in another store or through de.Uy in­ You don't find a. lot of modesty in Askin's Major pharmaceutical. firms have begun to terstate mail-orders can only be monitored snow kingdom. stress their "low, generic prices," and a by his physician." Pastor, who was largely "This is the only lab like this in the group of New York pharmacists recently ex­ responsible for overturning Pennsylvania's country. Maybe the world. It's the best. I pressed public alarm over the high price of prohibition on prescription price advertis­ don't know how they could replace this drugs. Efforts at stablllzatlon during the ing, also states: "By law, the pharmacist equipment," he said as he prepared to whip period of wage and price controls did nothing must fill the prescription as written. The up a high-altitude ice storm on the first more than freeze prescription drug prices at penalty .for not doing so in most states ls floor. unconscionable levels. During Phase m, loss of license." In view of these facts, he prices are destined to go higher. concludes that there ls overwhelming evi­ So ... WHO'S GoING TO RocK ISLAND? Retail price advertising-where it exists­ dence that no decrease in health care occurs In nearly three-dozen random interviews reveals the immense disparl ty between prices with free price competition in the drug mar­ throughout the laboratories and workshops for the identical drug and shows conclusively ketplace. of the Frankford Arsenal, the People Paper that where there ls open price competition, The effort to undermine the free enter­ couldn't find a single scientist, engineer or the consumer pays less for the same product. prise system through prohibitions on retail technician who planned to move to Rock Ironically, those drug products prescribed by price information has failed in a few places, Island with his mission. the doctor and dispensed by the pharmacist most notably Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, These findings run directly counter to the are sold to them through the vigorous use Florida and Oregon, where it is presently claims of the Army, which have as many as of price advertising by drug manufacturers-­ legal to advertise retail prescription drug 50 percent of the top scientists, engineers a method relied on at the wholesale level prices. It is the aim of this report to review and technicians willingly moving with their but steadfastly opposed at the retan level. the wide disparity in drug prices, to examine missions when the Frankford facility is The opposition to price advertising rests the role of the drug industry-at all levels-­ closed by July 1977. on self-serving, and, at best, fallacious rea­ in certain aspects of advertising and compe­ Authorities in and outside the Army read­ soning. The widely publicized argument that tition and to report the results of surveys ily agreed that if substantial numbers of pharmacists are professionals who, like doc­ and questionnaires in this area. personnel do not move with the various tors and lawyers, should not be compelled projects at Frankford, then those projects to advertise their prices, ls specious. Unlike will cease to exist, except on paper. pharmacists, physicians and lawyers do not Typical of those interviewed at the arsenal, deal in a product. Only if the pharmacist THE FRANKFORD ARSENAL Bridge and Ta.cony Sts., are: performed an exclusive professional service Dr. James Mikula, 48, a physicist special­ as complex and individualized as that of a lzlng in spectroscopy, the study of the inter­ doctor or lawyer, might the analogy then be action of electromagnetic fields and matter. valid. HON. JOSHUA EILBERG "I have a daughter in Temple and another A one time pharmacists were viewed as OF PENNSYLVANIA just graduated and looking at med school," physicians' associates, compounding drugs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES said Mikula, who has worked at the arsenal and advising patients. Today's pharmacist 24 years and ls an authority on lasers. "I is a modern merchandiser, who dispenses Wednesday, June 4, 1975 can't move. I can't retire. I'm too young. I everything from cosmetics to cigars. A physi­ Mr. EILBERG, Mr. Speaker, the De­ will have to go into teaching because there cian who characterized the relationship be­ partment of the Army has decided to are no openings for the sort of work we do tween the doctor and the pharmacists as here in private industry." "remote and getting more so" recently stated: close down the Frankford Arsenal in Seymore Miller, 45, technical director of "In urban areas of the United States and Philadelphia. The. reasons put forth are the Frankford Arsenal and one of the coun­ Britain, few pharmacists know personally economy and the efficiency and modern try's leading authorities in the field of small­ the physicians practicing in the area. In most operation of other facilities as compared arms munitions development and manufac­ cases the only contact is over the telephone to Frankford. ture. He has been at the arsenal for 25 years. So far the Army has not been able to I've touched base with 50 of our key peo­ 1 ple--the ones who are essential to their mis­ Drug manufacturers' average net profits justify these claims and has been evasive sions. Not one of them intends to move to after taxes are double the figure for all U.S. in answering the questions put to it about Rock Island and neither do I. I have roots. manufacturing corporations: in 1971 the re­ the proposal to shut down Frankford. I have children in college. Can you imagine turn was 19.3 % of net stock holders' equity A series of articles by Hoag Levins, a retiring in Rock Island, Ill.? I can't. compared to 9.7% for all U.S. manufacturing. rePorter for the Philadelphia Daily News, Gordon Sigman, 38, engineer and 15-year Prescription 'Drug Data Summary 1972, De­ veteran of arsenal service who is chief of the partment of Health, Education, and Welfare, has raised serious questions about the real reasons for the Army's decision to Infantry Artlllery Combat Vehicle Fire Con­ Social Security Administration, p. 24. "De­ trol Division. spite the economic recession [of 1970] manu­ shut down the Frankford Arsenal, one "I have no desire to go to Rock Island. I facturers of prescription and other profes­ came into this area years ago because this sional [drug) products increased their profits 2 "Physician's Viewpoint" by Karl Neu­ is the kind of area I wanted to live in. I have by 12.1 % over 1969. At the same time, taxes mann, M.D., American Druggist, July 12, 1971, four children and a house and enough con­ on this earning dropped 9.5%." Reported in p . 8. nections to get another position when the Drug Trade News, September 20, 1971, pp. •Letter from Edward Pastor, Philadelphia. t1m.e comes." 1, 16. pharmacist. Marvin Gonsberry, 49, an optical physicist. 17128 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 After 25 yea.rs at the arsenal, he is one of control program to Rock Island likely will the M-60 program. His office referred calls the core members of the optical department, result in the unit's destruction because few, to the Army's Detroit Tank Automotive Com­ the only one of its type in the Department if any, of the experts needed to run the mand (TACOM). headed by Col. Donald of Defense. program intend to transfer to Illinois, 1,000 Babers. "I couldn't move. My roots are too deep miles away. Babers declined to answer any questions here.. no matter how attached I feel to my A top spokesman at the Army's Tank Auto­ about tank production or potential problems work, I have a house and parents here who motive Command in Detroit-which receives with the fire control systems from Frankford. are not going to live much longer. Three kids tank components from hundreds of different He referred his caller to the public inforxna.­ in school. I've spent years developing my sources and assembles finished tank&-said tion offioe in Detroit who, he said, "knew field. I guess I'll go into retirement ... I'm his office was "unaware" that Frankford Ar­ everything there was to know" a.bout the M- 10 percent short of full retirement. Maybe senal bad anything to do with making tanks. 60 program. I'll work as a salesman to take up the slack. The M-60 is the Army's main battle tank- Frank Ga.al, head inforxna.tion officer for I know an awful lot of people here and they s. massive, low-slung, $500,000 steel monster TACOM, which oversees a national network all feel the same as I do." which can swiftly carry its 105mm cannon supplying component parts for the M-60, said George Hurver, 56, with 33 years of govern­ up the side of a mountain or down the slope TACOM was "unaware" that the Frankford ment service, who heads the arsenal edu­ of a sand dune. The olive drab tanks are Arsenal had anything to do with the M-60 cational programs offering training in 34 diesel-powered, and the main armor weapon program. technical fields. Nearly 3,000 East Coast used by the American Army and its allies. "We have an enormous number of prime students annually go through . the arsenal Tanks of the past were little more than sources for the various parts and systems of school. mobile bomb shelters. However, the M-60 1s the M-60," said Gaal. "It's impossible to "When you analyze my program by num­ crammed with highly sophisticated com­ keep track of them. As far as we know, bers, needs or geographic location, a move out puters, electronics equipment and exotic though, the Frankford arsenal does weapons of this area is crazy. That's the only word optics. With these, it can see in the dark, work and doesn't have anything to do with for it, crazy. It will cost millions to move it measure vast distances with laser beams and the M-60." as well as to start sending thousands of instantly compute the effect of any con­ Gaal, asked where TACOM gets its fire con­ people from the East Coast halfway across ceivable variable on the shell it is about to trol components for the M-60's tt assembles, the country to Rock Island to go to school. fire. said finding that answer would "take a good None of it makes one damned bit of sense." Despite their ponderous 52 tons (the deal of research." Walter Gadomski, 39, and a 16-year veteran weight of 25 station wagons), the tanks can at the arsenal and now project director of detect and maneuver a.way from enemy rad&r, [From the Philadelphia Dally News, the Automatic Cannon Technology Program. laser beams, airplanes and other tanks much Feb. 19, 1975] "In just about every way you can look like lightfooted iron cats. As such, they are ARSENAL: "WE'RE HmING, YET GETI'ING READY at it, I lose if I move to Rock Island. I lose indispensable to Army units a.round the To FIRE" money on my house, I lose a tremendous world. Hanging conspicuously from the "In" wealth of cultural activities for my family La.st year, the United States gave away basket on the desk of Frankford Arsenal's and I lose the heavy concentration of uni­ 1,000 of the Army's M-60 tanks to Israel to versities which are vital to me as an engi­ make up for its losses in the most recent Maj. Kenneth Horio is a. noose. neer. It's not that I'm totally against mov­ war with the Arabs. The Army already was Horio, who has been silent until now on ing. I'd go to Miami say, but to the farm­ short 800 tanks. Almost overnight, the Army the arsenal's closing, points out to visitors lands of Illinois? Never." found itself short 1,800 tanks of 10,007 tanks that the hand-tied rope ornament is "just a Bob Schlenner, 30, an engineer who has it feels it needs to equip active units here joke," but the noose symbolizes the situation been eight years at the arsenal working in and in Europe. in which the 12-year Army veteran finds the field of small caliber ammunition. Chrysler in Detroit is building 43 new M-60 himself. "I've been to Rock Island where they want tanks a month. President Ford has requested Horio heads the arsenal's fire control pro­ to send us. One word describes it--desolate. money from Congress to raise that to 103 a gram which produces the complex computer­ It doesn't have anything to offer to a person month, meanwhile giving the project a spe­ ized systems for the M-60 tank. like me; not professionally or socially or cul­ cial White House priority work rating. Last month, Army Secretary Howard Calla­ turally. There are 20 other young engineers Frankford Arsenal 1s the only center for way announced the M-60 program 1s the in my branch. They all feel the same way. research, development and production for "Army's highest military priority." We'll take a pay cut, maybe, but we'll start fire control systems in the Defense Depart­ Earlier this month, President Ford under­ again-in Philadelphia where we want to be." ment. "Fire control" is the military term for scored its importance in his budget message the complex system of computers, range find­ to Congress. Ford asked for money to double [From the Philadelphia Daily News, Feb. 19, ers, optical and electromechanical equipment tank production. At the same time, a rare 1975) which allows the four-man tank crew to see "DX" priority rating was given to the M- OUR ARSENAL CRITICAL IN TANK CRISIS out of their tank and aim and fire its guns. 60 projects at Frankford and other fac111ties (By Hoag Levins) Fire control is the eyes, ea.rs and bra.in of a across the country. Unlike most priority rat­ tank. ings from the Army or the Defense Depart­ Closing Frankford Arsenal will disrupt "The entire situation here at Frankford 1s a ment, a "DX" originates at the White House. Army tank production carrying a rare White little unbelievable," explained one high ar­ Sitting at his desk, Maj. Horio shakes his House priority. senal official. "The pressure on us is heavier head, drums his fingers on the blotter and The arsenal is a critical link in building every day. A lot of people here privately feel admits that Frankford's unique fire control 1,800 M-60 tanks needed immediately by the like a pa.ck of lemmings running full speed program has a "curious status." Army. The M-60 is the Army's primary toward a cliff." "We're involved in a program of the high­ armored weapon. Currently, 1,344 of the 3,000 arsenal work­ est priority possible and at the same time The Pentagon was suddenly caught short ers a.re involved in the overall fire control we're involved in phasing ourselves out of of tanks after sending 1,000 of its M-60s to program, long one of the arsenal's main existence," said Horio who heads the only Israel following that country's disastrous functions. program of its k!nd in the Defense Depart­ losses in the 1973 Yorn Kippur War. That fire control program 1s to be closed Now, the Army is in such a hurry to re­ ment. down and moved to Rock Island Arsenal in We're hiring people to handle the heavy supply its tank forces here and abroad that Illinois by June 1977. workload, yet we're getting ready to fire many National Guard and Army Reserve In dozens of interviews among top scien­ units have been stripped of all available thexn," he said. tists, engineers and technicia.ns at Frankford, Over the past few months, as the M-60 be­ tanks. the Daily News was told that virtually none In investigating the arsenal's role in the came the Army's main focus, Horio has been of them intend to move to Rock Isla.nd­ host to dozens of the country's highest rank­ crash M-60 program--currently the Army's destroying the core of "brains" which have highest priority project--the Daily News ing military officers who come to see Frank­ organized and operated the complex fire ford's fire control production projects-a found: control program. here over the last two dec­ critical link in the total M-60 program. The arsenal is the only source of pro­ ades. duction for the highly complex "fire control" "No one mentions the closing," said Horio. The move to Rock Island will disrupt or "Everyone k nows what is coming, but nobody systems which provide the computerized destroy the Army's fire control production "eyes, ears and brain" of a tank. wants to discuss it. It's like an unwritten capability, say sources int.errviewed. rule-you never talk about the closing." The arsenal-scheduled to begin closing Ironically, in July-the month that phase down in less than six months-is so strapped out begins at the arsenal-the Army intends Al Ford, 53-year-old civilian atlministra.tor with work on the five-year M-60 tank pro­ to boost its tank production in Detroit from of the M-60 project and a 24-year Frankford gram that it has begun to hire two dozen 43 to 65 vehicles a month. By 1977-the year veteran says : new engir:eers and t echnicia"1 s. Frankford and its fire control program wlll "You 're moving a highly complex techno­ Arsenal officials admit the technicians will cease to exist-the Army hopes to meet logical operation 1,000 miles to the west. have little time to train for their new jobs President Ford's production goal of 103 tanks Your outside contractors with the special before their positions wlll be terminated and a month. machines and trained people are still in Frankford's part of the M-60 project is Maj. Chester McKeen, who heads the Ax­ Philadelphia. abandoned. my's tank program in Washington, continu­ "The employes who created and run your The planned transfer of Frankford's fire ally has been unavailable for questions about unique operation will not move to the new June 4, 1975· EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17129 site at Rock Island. So you'll have no one enterPd the United States to attend an World Peace Council-WPC-which it to teach the new people. You know the area International Women's Year-IWY­ helped organize, the WIDF has its head­ you're moving to doesn't have a pool of labor seminar, "Women of the World United quarters in East Berlin. skills in the electronics, electro-mechanics or for Peace: Disarmament and Its Social The WIDF claims a membership of 40 optics that you need. Consequences," held May 7-9 at the million women in 100 countries, but it "Someo1~e is not looking at the total pic­ ture of all of this. We keep hearing that U.N. has a loose organizational structure there will be 'no disruption' in the M-60 Fire The Communist Party, U.S.A.'s news­ which makes no definition of members Control program. That is impossible. No one paper, Daily World, ::-eported that this and nonmembers. with any common sense could believe that. was "the first meeting at the U.N. of in­ WIDF's stated aims are stated in very "The question," said Ford, "is how many ternational delegates not connected general terms to attract a wide member­ years will it take to re-establish this thing in with governmental organizations." The ship. Nevertheless, the practice of WIDF Rock Island with all the facts we know? The seminar was sponsored by WIDF, the has been to support the international answer that has tJo be given to that question Japanese Alliance of Peace Associations, policies of the Soviet Union. As early as ls, 'Who knows?'." -HOAG LEVINS. and the U.S.-based Women's Interna­ 1948, WIDF stated it intended to follow I WOULD LEAVE FRANKFORD ALONE tional League for Peace and Freedom­ the lead of the Soviet Union, "the only WILPF. country truly working for peace." "If I were Gerald Ford," said Ray Hartzag, who was waving a small plastic tank in the On the last day of the seminar, WILP:".'1 By implication then, WIDF accepts air, "and I wanted to see tanks ma.de on held its 60th anniversary celebration at the Marxist-Leninist view that "true time, I'd leave Frankford Arsenal alone for the Church Center for the U.N. which peace" will arrive only with the end of about five years or so." was attended by many of the WIDF dele­ class warfare through the dictatorship Hartzag ma.de a final sweeping gesture with gates, including WIDF Secretary General of the proletariat. the plastic M-60 tank and brought it in for Fanny Edelman of Argentina. As one analyst of WIDF wrote: a landing on the surface of his desk-where On May 9, the last day of the semi­ Few people are ag::iinst the "coordination it sits as a dally reminder of his company's nar, seminar delegates announced a pro­ of the democratic women's leagues, interna­ financial lifeblood. tional cooperation for peace, equal rights for Hartzag is part-owner and manager of gram for a series of miniseminars to be women, equal wages for women, and general Rouff & Sons, Inc. at 1030 Rose Ave. in held across the United States. At the welfare and health of children." Runnemede, N.J. Rouff is one of 10 area press conference it was stated that the Behind this facade, however, is the pur­ firms involved in making some of the 24,000 tours were to be sponsored by "Interna­ suit of the main objective-to aid commu­ separate parts which go into the M-60 Fire tional Women's Year and ad hoc coali­ nism and smooth its path. The main activity Control systems produced by Frankford Ar­ tions, the WYCA, the League of Women of the WI DF, therefore, is to support the senal. Voters groups and local peace organiza­ policies of world communism by engaging Like Rouff, most of those firms have been in extensive propaganda, often in collabora­ doing specialized arsenal work for a dozen tions." tion with the WPC. This is facilitated by years or more. They have machines and The WIDF /WILPF seminar had three publicizing the claim thll.t exploitation, hun­ experienced employes to do jobs that can't main goals: to "strengthen peace and ger, suppression and iµferior living condi­ be done in conventional machine shops. disarmament and struggle for prohibi­ tions exist only under capitallsm and co­ "There is more than just production or tion of the production, testing, and lonialism; therefore, women should object money here," said Ha.rtza.g, whose company stockpiling of nuclear weapons; to press to the "warmongers" of the Western world. does $3-million a year in business--40 per­ cent of which is arsenal Fire Control work. for a people's world disarmament confer­ It is also worthwhile noting that the "Right now, for instance, when we have ence some time in 1976, and to call to na­ International Women's Year-IWY-is an engineering problem or a technical diffi­ tions to cut military budgets by 10 per­ also a creation of the Women's Interna­ culty to be straightened out, I jump in my cent as an initial gesture." tional Democratic Federation. car and run across the Ta.cony bridge for a Katherine Camp, international presi­ Paul F. Magnelia, in an article for the nickel. Arsenal engineers do the same com­ dent of WILPF said of the purpose of ing this way. No problem at all. Yearbook of International Communist "So you move it to Rock Island . . . all the U.S. miniseminars: Affairs, 1974, noted: the contractors who have been doing the We want disarmament to become a house­ The idea of the International Women's work for yea.rs, who have the specially hold word. Year emergej at the WIDF's Bureau meeting trained people, and who have the contracts Among those present at the WIDF in November 1971. A WIDF proposal was then are back here in Philadelphia. So suddenly submitted to the U.N. Commission on the you have a. 1,000-mile gap. I think it is ob­ seminar were Frieda Brown, WIDF vice Status of Women, and thereafter the U.N. vious that when you're working on this sort president, Australia; Fannie Edelman, Assembly ofticlally proclaimed 1975 to be In­ of precision work 1,000 miles can create quite WIDF secretary general, Argentina; ternational Women's Year. a problem. Valentina Titova, WIDF secretary and He then explained: "I stm have to consult with them as the member of the Soviet Women's Commit­ work goes along, or changes, or runs into The WIDF anticipates that a special wom­ tee, U.S.S.R.; My Soon Shaath, General en's year will give it an opportunity to work problems, so now I get on a plane and fiy to Union of Palestine Women, Egypt; Fat­ Rock Island for a few days. Now I can't eat closely with other organizations on the na­ that cost. I have to pass it along in the price imah Ahmed of the guerrilla terrorist tional, regional, and international level in of future work. Popular Front for the Liberation of the areas of social progress, women's rlght's "So who wins ... it will cost more in the Oman; Ruth Lubitch, WIDF, Israel; and the defense of democracy, national in­ long run and it wm take longer to get the Anna Maria Navarro, Federation of dependence and peace. work done." CUban Women; Inessa Ivanova, Moscow But in WIDF seminars and literature, Institute of World Economy and Inter­ peace, social progress, and the defense national Relations, U.S.S.R.; Valeria of democracy are to be found most es­ WIDF PROPAGANDA TEAMS Troitskaya, U .S.S.R.; Sophia Tsimilli, pecially in the Soviet Union and the TOUR U.S. CITIES Cyprus; and Mrs. Carmel Budiardjo, a Soviet bloc nations. British woman married to an imprisoned Despite ample d\'.>cumentation over the HON. LARRY McDONALD Indonesian who has returned to her past three decades, and formal citations homeland; and Le Ahn Tu, a South as an international Communist front, OF GEORGIA Vietnamese supporter of the Vietcong IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WIDF officials and members have been now working for the American Friends granted unrestricted visas by our State Wednesday, June 4, 1975 Service Committee. Department, in what appears to be fla­ Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. WIDF teams have already held meet­ grant violations of the law. One of the Speaker, using the :Jnited Nations to ings in Bridgeport, Westport, and Stam­ more recent instances has been the case make their entry, members of the ford, Conn. of Mrs. Hortensia Allende, a WIDF vice WomE"n's International Democratic Fed­ No doubt some of my colleagues are president, who has been granted un­ eration-WIDF-an international Com­ aware that the WIDF was founded in restricted visas to raise funds and to munist front under the control of the Paris in 1945 as a part of the Soviet disseminate propaganda. Soviet Union, are touring 35 U.S. cities Union's cold war apparat, ostensibly at Perhaps my colleagues who have ex­ to spread the Soviet line on disarma­ the suggestion of the Communist-con­ pressed their deep concern and shock at ment. trolled French Women's League. Working the violations of the law uncovered dur­ WIDF members from some 26 rountries intimately with the Soviet-controlled ing the Waterga.te investigations will 17130 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 join me in requesting the Attorney Gen­ Gasoline rationing was favored by 50 A complete cutoff of aid was favored by eral to investigate this case also. percent; opposed by 44 percent and 5.8 58 percent; opposed by 35 percent; and percent were undecided. 6.5 percent were undecided. Increasing import taxes on oil, an ac­ The economy remains the top issue 1n CONSERVATION OF OIL tion recently taken by the President, was my 35th District and throughout the favored by 31.8 percent; opposed by 58 Nation, and my fourth question ad­ HON. JIM LLOYD percent with 9.7 percent undecided. dressed itself to this important subject. OF CALIFORNIA Other suggestions as ways to conserve To stimulate the economy and reduce IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES oil included more economical cars, devel­ unemployment, income tax rebates were opment of alternate energy sources, and favored by 68 percent; opposed by 24.5 Wednesday, June 4, 1975 construction of mass rapid transit percent; and 6.9 percent were undecided. Mr. LLOYD of California. Mr. Speaker, systems. Public service jobs were favored by 72 I would like to share with my colleagues My second question was: ''Do you percent; opposed by 22 percent; an.d 6 in the House of Representatives the re­ favor some type of Federal regulation of percent were undecided. sults of the questionnaire in my newslet­ oil companies?" The response was 73 per­ Business tax credits were endorsed by ter of April 1975, to my constituents in cent in favor of Federal control over oil 53 percent; opposed by 34.7 percent; and the 35th District in southern California. companies; 22 percent against it and 4.6 11.9 percent were undecided. Long before the thousands of question­ percent undecided. I asked for other suggestions to aid the naires started pouring into my omce with The third question dealt with aid to economy, and the responses were to re­ the results, I anticipated a definite show Cambodia and South Vietnam. On duce Government spending, reduce in­ of opinion from residents of the Pomona whether aid should be both military and terest rates, reduce welfare fraud, and and San Gabriel Valleys. I was not dis­ increase aid to senior citizens. appointed. They responded with well­ humanitarian, 31.8 percent were in favor; formed opinions on the issues of the day, 62 percent were opposed; and 5.9 percent That was the extent of my question­ and I have and will continue to use their were undecided. naire, ·and I think that my constituents views to guide my actions in Congress. Military aid only was favored by 4.9 have an excellent grasp of the problems My first question addressed the con­ percent; opposed by 91 percent; and 3.5 facing this country. I would like to thank servation of oil. Increasing gasoline taxes percent were undecided. all of those who returned my question­ to accomplish this was favored by 24 per­ Humanitarian aid only was favored by naire, as the views of my constituents are cent; opposed by 71 percent with 4.2 per­ 77.4 percent; opposed by 19 percent; and the most important factor in my actions cent undecided. 3 .5 percent were undecided. in the Congress: QUESTIONNAIRE (In percent)

Yes No Undecided Yes No Undecided

1. To conserve oil, do yo~ most favor: 4. To stimulate the economy and reduce unemployment, do you (a) Increase gasoline taxes ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 24.0 71. 0 4. 2 favor: 50.0 44.0 5. 8 (a) Income tax rebates ______68.0 24. 5 6.9 ~~? l~~~l~~a~~~o~~n~l======31.8 58.0 9. 7 (b) Public service jobs ______72. 0 22. 0 6.0 (d) Other smaller car engines, alternate energy sources, (c) Business tax credits ______53.0 34. 7 11. 9 mass transit. . 5. Other suggestions to help the economy: Reduce Government 2. Do you favor some t_ype of Federal regulation of 011 spending, reduce interest rates, reduce welfare fraud, companies ••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••• 73.0 22.0 4. 6 increase aid to senior citizens. 3. Should aid to Cambodia and_So~th Vietnam be: (a) Military and humanitarian •••••.••••••••••••••••• 31.8 62.0 5. 9 (b) Military only ______------······------······ 4.9 91.0 3.8 (c) Humanitarian onlY------···--·-···-·····-····· 77.4 19. 0 3. 5 (d) Cut off •••••••••• ------············ 58. 0 35.0 6. 5

Note: Clip and mail to: Congressman Jim Lloyd, 222 Cannon Building, Washington, D.C. 20515.

APPOINTMENT VERSUS ELECTION Pro and con arguments in respect to by our individual perspectives and social ob­ OF JUDGES the election versus appointment of jectives. Unfortunately, latent and patent judges have been with us nearly 200 biases are also part of the debate. Among the criteria generally (and prop­ years. Some States have amended their erly) applied to judicial candidates--in ad­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL constitutions so as to reverse their sys­ dition to the hope for at least a modicum of OF NEW YORK tem of judicial selection or to utilize a understanding of the law, a breath of com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES combination of both appointment and passion, a spark of originality-is the need election. An article in the April issue of for judges to represent a true cross-section Wednesday, June 4, 1975 Judicature magazine, authored by the of the population over which they a.re to Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, philosophi­ Honorable George W. Crockett, Jr., who preside. There are few, if any, who deny is presiding judge of the recorder's court the importance of this quallfication. cally speaking, our public ofiicials should In this regard, our system of presidential be those who are representative of the of the city of Detroit since 1966, gives appointment of Federal judges has been a persons that they are to preside over so this issue some foundation as he presents distinct failure. Federal judges, whatever as to adequately reflect their views and us with Michigan's experience in this their other redeeming qualities or short­ beliefs. If we look at our local ofiicials­ area in addition to providing some of comings, have historically been selected for city council members, school board mem­ the consequences as seen from a black reasons other than as "mirrors of their con­ bers, mayors---such is the case in most perspective. Herewith, Judge Crockett's stituencies." cities; that is, they are elected by the Of the approximately 700 Federal judges article: now in office, only 20 are black. And, signifi­ people. Our next level of government, the [From Judicature magazine, April 1975] cantly, ea.ch one of these black Federal judges State bears the same picture--Gov­ JUDICIAL SELECTION AND THE BLACK is from a geographic area where the black ernor~ and State legislators are also EXPERIENCE voting potential is crucial; none is from the elected. And, of course, on the national (By George W. Crockett, Jr.) areas where the bulk of the black people level, we in the Congress, and the Presi­ reside. After 100 years of full citizenship, no dent are chosen by the electoral process. The subject of judicial selection has long southern black (one who resides south of been contentious and controversial. While Washington, D.C.) has ever been found But one major component of this govern­ each of us loudly asserts his "objectivity and "qualified" for nomination to a Federal ment's tripartite is denied this electoral fairness" in developing his arguments for judgeship. Atlanta, New Orleans, Houston selection process in most cities and or against at-large election of judges, or for and St. Louis with their increasing numbers States, while the Federal judges are or against an appointive system, the truth of black voters and black attorneys would seated solely by appointment. is that our attitudes are determined largely surely not be without black Federal judges June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17131 today 1f all Federal trial court judges were A basic question, of course, is whether The dual society-white and black-which elected. the quality of the judiciary ls materially im­ continues after 300 years to plague American The proponents of the appointive method proved by making selection appointive rather life, has conditioned black Americans to of judicial selection always refer to their than elective. The arguments pro and con are think and to react to public issues in much various plans as "merit selection." The im­ similar in many respects to those made in the same manner as persons who have in­ plication is that popular selection and elec­ 1912-13 when the people adopted the 17th herited dual citizenship. To blacks, every tion of judges is without merit, or does not Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, abol­ public issue has its two-pronged aspect: how produce judges of sufficient merit. Under­ ished the appointment of United States sen­ wlll it affect blacks? and how will it affect lying the "merit" proposals is the further ators by state legislatures and asserted their the people generally? The answer to both assumption that the people themselves-­ competency to select and elect their sena­ questions should be, but ls not always, the those who are to be judged-are not compe­ tors. It would be difficult today to support same. tent to choose those who are to sit in judg­ the proposition that our present popularly The answer to the first question will reflect ment upon them. elected United States Senate is inferior in the black experience; the answer to the Members of the bar, the argument goes, quality to the former legislatively appointed second will reflect the white patina encrusted have a superior appreciation of what con­ Senate. upon all blacks by three centuries of living stitutes a good judge. At most, some of the The same general considerations that in­ in a dominant white society. proponents of the appointive system con­ fluence the selection of such public officers, Black judges are sensitive to their dual cede, the ordinary citizen should be al­ as presidents, governors, mayors and mem­ personality and their dual reaction to the lowed to veto a candidate who has been ap­ bers of legislative bodies, should also influ­ question of elective versus appointive judi­ pointed by the governor from a list prepared ence the selection of judges. The citizen cial selection. Not only are we aware of this by a blue ribbon, lawyer-dominated commit­ selects and votes for candidates whom he be­ duality, but all candidates who face a siz­ tee. This, the "Missouri Plan", and its varia­ lieves more closely reflect his point of view able black voting potential must be aware tions, allows the governor's appointee to and his personal philosophy with respect to of it. Blacks, like other minorities in the serve a minimal period of time before the powers, duties and obligations associated past, are now voting black with ever-increas­ he faces the electorate. By this time, the with the particular public office. And this is ing consistency in an effort to win that mir­ political cards are stacked because the true whether he is making the selection as a ror representation for themselves in every appointee has no opposition. The electorate voter in the privacy of the polling place or branch and on every level of government that almost invariably will approve him rather secretly casting his ballot as a member of a has been consistently denied them by the than recommence the long tortuous process blue ribbon screening or nominating com­ appointive method. This is why in Michigan of selection, appointment, trial period and mittee or commission. In each case the any suggested change in our traditional prac­ referendum. The so-ca.Iled citizen-input be­ choice will reflect as closely as possible the tice of having all judges elected by the peo­ comes an empty promise impossible to fulfill. selector's own personal, social, economic and ple themselves---and not selected by the gov­ Here in Michigan the change to an ap­ political judgment. ernor upon the recommendation of some blue pointive system is vigorously advocated by In like fashion, regardless of high-sound­ ribbon commlttee--has to take into account the leadership of the Detroit Bar Association, ing protestations to the contrary, the person the reaction of the black electoral majority the State Bar of Michigan, the Michigan chosen is inclined to feel an affinity for those in populous Detroit. Every politically astute League of Woman Voters and the major who selected him whether it be the electors leader in Michigan knows that on any Detroit press. The change is just as deter­ at the poll or the selectors at a conference closely-contested statewide issue, this group minedly opposed by the Wolverine (black) table. The simple question is whether his casts the decisive vote. Black experience in Bar Association, the leadership of the State "instinctive" responses will lean more toward Michigan argues against the appointive Federation of Labor, the Michigan Judges the "power structure" or toward the "man in process and in favor of continuing the elec­ Association, and by most judges and attor­ the street." tive process for all judicial offices. The com­ neys locaited outside the metropolitan areas. The primary difference then between choice mission was reminded that blacks were not Michigan has had a popularly elected ju­ by electors and choice by a commission is the appointed to judicial vacancies in anything diciary ever since its first constitution in matter of constituency, accountability and like representative numbers until the late 1835. While that document provided for an control. A judge selected (nominated) from 1960's when their voting potential reached appointed Supreme Court (consisting of an open field and then elected by popular the point where they could elect black judges four justices), it specified that all other vote, has a broad constituency, ls account­ of their own selection and were no longer judges in the state were to be "elected by able directly to the voters, and control of the dependent on appointments; and that this the qualified electors." For 124 years---ever selection process ls diffused among the thou­ same voting potential spelled defeat for any since the Constitution of 1850-all Michigan sands and tens of thousands who voted for proposed constitutional amendment that judges, including justices of the Supreme him. He feels a sense of responsibility and would deprive them now of their abillty to Court, have been "elected by the qualified gratitude to those who made him their judge. have meaningful participation in the ad­ electors." But selection by a committee or a commis­ ministration of justice on the highest levels. The Missouri Plan and its variations have sion concentrates that control in the hands The black experience in Michigan ls not been hotly contested among Michigan law­ of those interests directly represented on that necessarily synonymous with the experi­ yers since 1951 when the annual meeting committee or commission. Such commissions ence of blacks in other states. The increase of the Michigan State Bar refused even to normally are top heavy with "status" repre­ in black participation in the judicial process put it to a referendum of the membership. sentatives (i.e. corporation lawyers, big busi­ has been greatest in those states and cities It was debated in 1962-63 at the Michigan ness executives, professional "liberals") with where judges are elected and where the black Constitutional Convention where the "lead­ underrepresentation, 1f not complete exclu­ voting potential is significant. Roughly two­ ers" of the bar tried to write the plan into sion, of blacks and other minorities. The re­ thirds of the nation's black judges---about the new state constitution. Again the pro­ sult of their deliberations ls a list of judicial 200 out of a total of 325-are located in ponents failed. The revival of agitation in nominees that mirrors a cross-section not of eight jurisdictions (California., District of recent years for merit selection of Michigan the community but of the economic, social, Columbia, Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey, New judges coincides with the comparatively moral and polltical views of the commis­ York, Ohio and Pennsylvania) . All except large increase in the number of black judges sioners. the District of COiumbia have popular elec­ In Michigan in recent years, and some see This ls what judicial selection by appoint­ tion of judges, and all have a substantial a direct connection between these two de­ ment ls all about. Notwithstanding the claim black voting potential. velopments. that a better caliber of judge ls obtained It is quite understandable, therefore, that Unlike most states, Michigan has had a when nominees are selected by a committee while the black experience In geographic sizable contingent of competent black law­ or commission, the real issue ls: who will the areas having large concentrations of black yers since the late 1920's. But as late as 1966 judge represent in his rulings particularly voters will favor the election of judges, blacks there were only eight black judges in Michi­ with respect to those sensitive areas where who live in predominantly white political gan, due to the fact that Michigan governors "the law" ls whatever we judges decide "our enclaves and are dependent for their pollti­ had the power to fill all interim judicial va­ community" wants the law to be? Judges cal advancement on white largesse are more cancies by appointment until the next gen­ have an enormous tool in the power of judi­ likely to favor the appointive process of eral election. It wasn't until 1950 that a gov­ cial discretion. It ls this tool, after all, that judicial selection. ernor, G. Mennen Williams, demonstrated allows the law to keep pace with change in Judicial selection, like jury selection, enough political guts to appoint our first society. It ls this tool which, in the hands should endeavor to achieve and thereby re­ black judge. Today the number of black of one judge may be used to uphold an out­ flect a true cross-section of the population judges in Michigan has increased to 21, and moded precedent but in the hands of another over which the judges are to preside. A sys­ 16 of these are in the city of Detroit where may be used to revise, reform and advance tem like the Federal system that has not black voters are in the majority. our law. It ls this tool with which a defend­ achieved this result in more than a hundred Blacks in Detroit no longer depend upon ant may find himself jailed or freed-de­ years of operation is hardly one to be gubernatorial courage to get fair judicial rep­ pending upon which judge wields it. emulated at either the state or local level. resentation. "The shoe ls on the other foot," Judicial discretion, after all, ls what our To those who insist on pursuing this change one black political leader recently remarked, system of common law is all about. Roscoe in our electoral traictition we ask: "Why now, "and no one can expect to gain or retain Pound put Lt, "Justice is an a.Uoy of men and when blacks have at la.st begun to achieve­ judicial office in Detroit or in Wayne County mechanism In which men count more than the political influence they so rightfully without substantial black support." machinery." have earned?" CXXI----.1080-Part 13 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 THE BLACK WOMAN IN POLITICS who knew that they must build in their the black community, the number represents ch'1ldren a self-reliia.nce so strong th·at the a 160 per cent increase over 1969, when only world could not brea.k it. It is our gift from 131 black women held elective office. women who knew their sons and husbands And if you stop to consider that as recently HON.DONALD M. FRASER would be booiten, perhaps not physioo4ly but as ten years ago the very act of voting was OF MINNESOTA then aga.ln. perhaps so, and who would not forbidden to many of us, then I think you IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pass through life without aocumula.tlng a wlll be able to make a more accurate ap­ weal.th of spiritual SCM'S. praisal of just how far we have come. Wednesday, June 4, 1975 Long before women's Mberatlon became a To adequately gauge the black woman's Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the number household word, black woman knew that participation in politics it is necessary to of black women in politics has increased strength, not feigned d~toacy, was the mark look at more than her attainment of elective CY! a woma.n. Who can ever forget the words omce. from 131 in 1969 to 337 in 1973, an in­ of Sojourner Truth, the crusader for women's One point to consider is that black women crease of 160 percent. These black women rights, abolition and human justice, as she have a well-established tradition of being are providing an excellent and vital stood before a women's rights convention politicians in the best sense, without ever source of leadership in Congress and in in 1851: having held one elective office. There are elective and appointive offices in State "Thia.t ma.n over there says thast a woman communities all a.cross this country in which and local governments. needs to be helped into oorriages, and lifted black women are the prime community On May 21, 1975, C. Delores Tucker, over ditches, and to have the best place movers, organizing their friends an d neigh­ everywhere. Nobody ever helped me into car­ bors to bring influence to bear on those who secretary of state, State of Pennsylvania, riages, or over mud puddles, or gives me a do make policy. gave a speech at Radcliffe College in best p'la.ce .•. and ain't I a woman? Look at Mississippi's Fannie Lou Hammer immedi­ which she describes the black woman in me. Look at my a.rm! I ha.ve plowed and ately comes to mind as an example of a politics and the obstacles she must over­ J:)lMllt.ed and ~thered inoo biarns and no man black woman who certainly deserves the title come. For the information of my col­ could head me ... and a:1n ~ I a woman?" "politician," although she holds no public leagues I ask t)lat her remarks be inserted Yes, Sojourner TrU!th was a woman. And omce. Largely through the leadership she who was more of a wom.a.n than Harriet Tub­ exerted on behalf of the Mississippi Freedom into the RECOllD: Democratic Party at the 1965 National Con­ THE BLAC.'K WOMAN IN POLITICS man, the Mbses of our people, who led more than 300 sla.ves 1x> freedom on the under­ vention, the Democratic Party was led to take I truly consider it an honor to have been ground railroad ·and never lost a passenger. steps to broaden their delegate selection process. asked to partici.pate in this evening at the Sojourner Truth and Hairriet Tubma.n­ Schlesinger Library, an institution that cer­ the names of OObh a.re wrttten large in our Edith Barksdale-Sloan who heads the Na­ tainly must be unique in its total dedication history. Yet mlllions of our fl.nest black tional Committee on Household Employment to the preservation of the story of the Amer­ women wll1 never be known by name. Most has probably been the single person most ican woman and her long struggle for equal­ of our foremothers never gaAned recogni­ responsible for finally convincing Congress ity of opportunity. tion outside the families which they held to include household workers under the cov­ erag~ of the latest minimum wage law. Cer­ This evening I hope to share with you together, patched a.nd. threadbare, but in­ some of my insights about the black woman's tainly, she has a wealth of political skills tact in love. Thedr names a.re lost to us, but to her credit. participation in politics. But to talk about we know they were there, for we would As a.n appointed official, I have learned the black woman in politics, we first need to never ha.ve surv1ved without them. discover the identity of the black woman her­ that elective offices are not the only political self and that is not a simple task for there are Many of us remember our mothers and offices worth attaining. For while it is neces­ seven mlllion black women of voting a.ge in grandmothers much as A.Mee W~ker writes sary to persuade a large block of possibly this country. We come in all shapes, sizes, all a.bout her own mother: unenlightened traditionalists to win an elec­ shades, all talents, all temperaments. We are "She made all the towels and sheets we tion, a woman needs only the support of one welfare mothers and Congresswomen. Enter­ used. She spent the summers oa.nning vege­ progressive thinker to be appointed to a tainers and educators. Rich and poor. High­ t81bles e.nd. fru!llts. She spent the winter eve­ public position. This is especially meaning­ ly educated and barely literate. nings making qu1lts enough to cover all our ful to black women who must overcome not We are the person who heads 58 per cent beds. only the obstacles of sexism, but the still of this country's poor, black families. "During the working day, she labored prevalent possibillties of racism as well. We are the person who raises our chil­ beside-not behind-my father 1n the fi~ds. The duties of Pennsylvania's Secretary of dren in crime-ridden neighborhoods. We send The day began before sunup, a.nd did not end State are defined by law, but I have made our children to schools so poor that at lea.st untll late Mi D!ig'hts. There was never a it my self-imposed duty to assume a high half of them leave school so unskllled that moment for her to Sit down, undisttm"bed, level of visib111ty among the women in the they may never find employment during their to Uill"avel her own pr1V'8.te thoug.hts; never State to provide an example of what it ls entire adult lives. · a time free from tnterruption-by work or possible for women to attain, and to encour­ We are the people whose death rate from the nolsy inquiries of her many children. age women to build their own political cancer is 13 per cent higher than the death "Her quick, vitolent temper was on view careers. My position has also enabled me to rate tfor white women. only a few times a year, when she balbt'led ensure the implementation of a strong affirm­ We are the person who is at the bottom w1:th the W'hite landlord who h.a.d the mis­ ative action program in the State and to of the four major labor groups. A mlllion of fortune to suggest that her children did not bring about the development of the Gover­ us work a.s domestics, without the benefits of need to go oo school." nor's Com.mission on Women. social security, sick leave, vacation time, And yet in spite of all-".•• whatever rocky In the same respect, my positions as vice promotion or job security, averaging a yearly soU she landed on, she turned 1lllto a gs.rd.en." chairman of the Pennsylvania Democratic income of $2,072. And today, because our forem.others Committee and as a member of the Executive Even in my own State of Pennsylvania planted e.nd watered and weeded with such ~a.rd of Democratic National Committee which has an excellent affirmative action pro­ :fierce concern, we Me reaiptng the harvest of have provided women wiith whom I come in gram, eight times as many black men as those gM'Clens. Our frut1B are an ever contact a positive image of what a woman women make over $11,000. Thirty times as lengthening list of black woman mayors, and a black can achieve in the traditionally many make over $15,000. The same situation judges, State legiislaltlors, school boa.rd presi­ whitemen only, back room arenas of politics. prevails a.cross the Nation. dents, doctors, la.wers, educators, executives, I am optimistic about the black woman's The black woman is the person who faces authors, and oomposers. future in politics. I believe that every year all the barriers of bein black and all the Yet, even with this recent blossoming of more and more black women are coming to ba.rr'ilers of being a woman. We must contend black women, there are stlll relatively few ot the realization that politics lnftuences every with the confiict of wanting a.nd needing to us who have blossomed in the political gar­ aspect of their lives and that they must take achieve our own full development while be­ dens. The presence of Yvonne Burke, Shirley the responsibility to influence politics. ing totally suppot'ltive of our men, whose Chisholm, Cardlss Collins, and Barbara Jor­ I don't think there'll be any stopping the suffering, explo1ta1'1on a.nd degmdastion we dan in the United States Congress might seem black woman of the future. can never forget. to indicate power, but their great visibility I see her, rising tall and proud, in the Yet wba.tever obstacles we face, whether stems largely from the media's recognition young black women law students who turn they be l"aC1ail, economic, soC'lia'l, or psycho­ of their uniqueness. Among the 2,871 black up all over the country and who tell me that logical, we face them with a strongly in­ elected omcials in the country, black women they plan to m.ake the system responsive to grained instinct to survive. For whatever our make up the tiniest minority. the needs of their people. outward dtlierences, there is at the heart of But we are making gains at a surprisingly I see her in the many women who are open­ each of us a basic instinct to survive. A gritty steady rate. In 1973, 337 black women held ing the doors to the political process, run­ determination to keep on keepin' on. omce in this county. Like all statistics, that ning for office and winning. And then going It 1S our inheritance from our mothers number can be made to seem either impres­ on to fulfill their obligations with distinc­ and our forem.others-women who earned sive or insignificant. Certainly, 337 elective tion. the title of "the mules of the world" because offices is but a tiny fraction of 520 thousand I see her in the many black women who are ithey ca.r'l'll.ed burdens th&t no one else, no one elective positions available in this country. going back to school, so they can take their else woU'ld carry. lit 1s our 1ega.cy from women But viewed in terms of achievement within place in the work force as professionals rather June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17133 than domestics. I see her in the black women Springfield. I am a lobbyist for a so-called dole out to him the goodies of life created who are starting their own businesses. "special interest" group-the Illinois Manu­ by govermental edict? I see her in the black women who are rais­ facturers' Association and its 5,500 member Wake up, Illinois! Speak up! Before it's too ing their families with the same love and firms. I've been at it for the past ten years. late! courage of their mothers, passing on to the I am proud of it. In fact, you might call me next generation that instinct to survive the "Saul Alinsky of the fat cats." STATEMENT OF CHARLES WILLSEY against all odds. Well, I'd like to tell you something about My name is Chuck Willsey; I'm Manager I am confident that the black woman of the "fat cats." It is their invested capital that of Public Affairs for General Electric Opera­ the future wlll continue the work of her provides the jobs which have built Illinois tions in Illinois. General Electric is one of foremothers and turn her own patch of rocky into national prominence over the past 100 the ten largest employers in Illinois with soil into a beautiful, productive garden. years. Now, fat cats are a highly select minor­ manufacturing plants located in twelve ity group. You might even say that fat cats cities in Illinois and sales and service centers are an endangered species. They won't like located in 33 cities. their lobbyist referring to them as fat cats. In 1973, our annual payroll in Illinois was THE PROSPECT FOR JOBS That would not have bothered Saul Alln­ close to $200 million. In 1974, it dropped sky. below $180 million, and in 1975 we estimate But the breed has certain idiosyncracies. it will decline more. HON. HENRY J. HYDE They :flock together. They nest together. Like most multi-state corporations, our And--cum.ulatively-they produce all the relocation and expansion plans must care­ OF ILLINOIS good things that today's radicals profess to fully review the business climates of the m THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES scorn-like food, clothing, and shelter, and various sta.tes where we may consider ex­ Wednesday, June 4, 1975 some of the luxuries of life. And they make pansion or contraction. The relative cost of them available to more people, at lower cost, doing business in each state is a major factor Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, Government than any other country in the world. in determining our competitive success. regulations imposed upon business are Fat cats are like house plants. They re­ During the past two years, we have usually designed to protect the interests spond to sunny smiles and kind words-and moved product lines and jobs out of Illinois of consumers, or employees, or both. But a climate in which they can function. Beat in order to improve our competitive position. when the aggregate burden of govern­ •em over the head, tax 'em to the point where We have moved 350 jobs from our Illinois they can't operate efficiently and at a profit based Appliance Control Products to Carroll, mental regulations is so onerous produc­ and they might write a nasty letter or two Iowa; 600 Ballast Business jobs were moved tion is hampered, costs escalate, profits to their legislators-or they might visit with to Madisonvllle, Kentucky; several photo dwindle and the consuming public is the them at a cocktail party and protest the lamp and photo flash product lines were loser. present course of government. moved from Illinois to Plymouth, Florida, Many businessmen today are justifi­ The legislator, of course, he hears the roar and over all competitive and cost factors ably concerned as to whether the pyra­ of the multitude saying "We want circuses­ have resulted in our decision to close down not bread" and he must respond to this our Audio Product Operations in Decatur miding burden of governmental regula­ titanic clamor-even though the still small tions will be too great to bear. and our TV Cabinet Plant in Rockford. These voice of his conscience and his own good two closings represent a loss of 1800 jobs and In Illinois, this concern manifested sense tells hlm that he's violating h!s own an annual payroll of nearly $16 mill1on. itself on April 30 in a meeting of 1,700 principles and the code that he grew up with. Whether or not we move other product lines persons, mostly representatives of large But all that is out the window now. We've into these facillties will depend upon the and small businesses throughout the rewritten the laws of economics. Newton's current trends in the Illinois business cli­ State, at the Springfield Armory as a law of gravity has been repealed. Water­ mate. Proposed legislation on Unemploy­ "Mayday Minus One Coalition." The as­ purtfied by EPA et al-is now running uphill. ment Compensation, Workmen's Compensa­ And where does this leave all the bewildered tion, Retirement Age Restrictions, Tax in­ sembly heard a 2-hour parade of wit­ fat cats? They look aghast at the sizable nesses relate and deplore the economic creaises, and a host of proposed regulatory staff and the astronomical man-hours of changes are not encouraging. impact of excessive governmental regu­ non-productive time which must be devoted Some of the legislation and regulations lations. to the mcititudlnous tasks laid on them by proposed will severely challenge the con­ Mr. Speaker, we in the Congress would government edict and minority peer pres­ tinued economic viab111ty of our Major Ap­ do well to heed their words. Under leave sure--OSHA, EPA, corporate social con­ pliance and Hotpoint Operations in Cicero to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I science, and what not. and Chicago. Over 4,000 jobs and a large include the text of the statements of Their basic purpose in life is to function payroll are at stake-and our facilities at efficiently at a profit, edging out the com­ Louisville, Kentucky, could easily absorb Quentin M. Lambert, "Mayday Minus petition. They do not believe 'profit' is a One Coalition" coordinator and director the entire operation. Other GE plants in nasty word. They believe the history of the Illinois have relocated several product lines of Government affairs for the Illinois Plymouth Colony demonstra.ted that 'profit' in other states. Manufacturers• Association; the state­ is what makes the country go. Wistfully, And lest anyone misunderstand me, these ment of Charles Willsey, public affairs they hope that the people would realize that relocations and movements out of Illinois manager of General Electric in Illinois, a corporation is, basically, a group of people are reluctantly, sometimes even bitterly, and an open letter to the Illinois General who have formed an enterprise for their com­ taken; Illinois has much to offer industry, Assembly from Orville V. Bergren, presi­ mon good. Not too unlike 'Common Cause.' and plant closings are frustrating, painful, Or the American Civil Liberties Union. Why difficult and in terms of impact on human dent of the Illinois Manufacturers• As­ apoligize for it? sociation, read at the assembly. I earn­ relationships, very sad experiences which we But the harsh words, the general appro­ undertake only after all other alternatives estly hope my colleagues in Congress will brium, the legislative disfavor, the economic are explored. read their important message. drain. Like a slow poison. The fat cats study When I first arrived on this job over two The articles follow: the growing situation. They consult with years ago, I was determined not to be nega­ STATEMENT OF QUENTIN M. LAMBERT their computers. They confer. They seek al­ tive--! believed in cooperation, in positive ternatives. They explore cost-cutting meth­ advocacy and I believed Governor Walker Jobs-Yes! Handouts-No! Jobs-Yes! ods, Eventually, an executive decision is More Taxes-No! Welcome to Mayday Minus when he said that business and government One. This is the first statewide assembly of made. Like the house plant lacking water, must end their adversary relationship. I am the factory structure withers as the main­ discouraged in my efforts, but I do not blame a cross-section of the privat~ sector-where tenance program is reduced to a bare min­ the tax money comes from. We are here be­ the Governor or the legislature for the break­ cause we have a common purpose--to pre­ imum. The phasing out process has begun. down in communication and cooperation. If serve the economic climate of Illinois and to Soon the paint on the structure is peeling. we were to be honest with ourselves, we promote fiscal responsibility in government. A non-essential operation is curtailed. The must concede that the Governor has made Only twenty days ago, I stood in Senator working staff is further reduced. many overtures for cooperation, and too John Graham's office and read to him a Eventually, the doors are closed. The struc­ many of them have been rebuffed, or ap­ short statement that I had written at three ture is empty. And the local people start peared to be rebuffed. As businessmen we do a.m. thait morning. I said to John that the talking about the good old days when the not articulate our needs in a positive way. only audience I might have for this state­ Peekless Keyhole Company was operating full In fact we don't speak up at all with the ment on Mayday Minus One could well be blast. force and impact we could and should. This the statue of Abraham Lincoln in front of Where is the 'fat cat• of the Peekless Key­ meeting is a good beginning. the Capitol. But that I would give it if I hole Company? Regardless of the causes of the strained had to stand alone on the Capitol lawn. He As the personification of the corporate en­ relationship, it ls evident that this state said: "You won't be alone. I'll be with you." tity, is he now operating in another state? ls now divided into two militant ca.mp&­ Twenty minutes later, we ha.cl 30 people Or in Japan? Or in Switzerland? Or in Ger­ the publlc sector supported by organized. who had joined. And, today, here you all are. many? Or in Taiwan? labor, specia.l interest groups, a.nd others, My name ls Quentin M. Lambert. I was Or, is he, too, standing in line waiting for a who benefit from the bread and circuses born and raised in Iroquois County. I live in benevolent and sympathetic government to largesse; and the private sector supported 17134 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975

by economic and social principles which a.re following figures for our neighboring states: Arrrnn>ES TO INDUSTRY VITAL eroding under a. constant public sector on­ Indiana. down 0.5 % ; Iowa up 3 % ; Minnesota slaught. The issue is clearly drawn and the Decisions quietly made to expand 1n other down 0.1%; Nebraska up 10.1%; Michigan states a.re just as serious for the future of outcome in doubt. When legislation is de­ down 4.4 %; Wisconsin down 3.4%; Missouri this state as published actions to close a bated and passed on the basis of who is down 3.5%; Ohio down 4.5%. paying what political debt; or which party plant and move elsewhere. Those important Southern states have prospered in gaining decisions a.re highly lnfiuenced by the at­ or political faction can take credit for the manufacturing jobs during the same period titude of governmental leaders toward in­ win or loss, the merits of the bill and its im­ of time. Some examples: Arkansas up 25.3 % ; dustry. That attitude can be demonstrated pact on our society a.re given a very low pri­ Oklahoma up 20.4%; Kentucky up 16.5%; ority. I for one am not optimistic. Your by public statements, official acts or legisla­ Alabama up 11.2%; North Carollna up 16.6%. tive votes. As of now, that attitude, or in­ efforts today must be repeated again and Several states with reputations among in­ a.gain. Those of you who claim to 'be too dustry's perception of it, does not seem to be dustry as being union-dominated, with high good in Illinois. If not anti-industry, it seeds busy putting out fires in your day to day tax rates, liberal statutory-decreed employee at best to take Industry for granted, fair business operations ignore the political in­ benefits, and high employer costs, lost manu­ game for more taxes, greater regulation, and ferno a.bout to engulf you. If you spend more facturing jobs at a substantial rate. Among greater employee benefits. Unless it changes, time on long range planning than on short them: Connecticut down 15%; New York it is predictable that jobs wm continue to range and continouus polltical planning of down 12.3%; Massachusetts down 14%. leave Illinois. your business, you can forget a.bout your Between 1967 and 1972, Illinois had a net long range plans! Your efforts and your voice loss of 195 industrial firms with 20 employees JOBS MOST IMPORTANT TO WORKERS are needed here in Springfield, in your legis­ or more. There was a. net loss of 87,000 jobs. As members of the General Assembly, you lative districts and in Washington-now, The trend is continuing. Why are industrial have a great responsibility. Many of you have today and continuously. companies and plants leaving Illinois? strong political loyalties to organized labor. We recently asked our member companies Rank and file workers can be served in no AN OPEN LETTER TO THE ILLINOIS GENERAL for their opinions. Some of their comments better way by you than to be assured of the ASSEMBLY ON THE SUBJECT OF JOBS IN THE are quoted in the enclosure to this letter. security of their future jobs 1n lliinois and STATE OF ILLINOIS You will find them interesting. The consen­ the possib111ty of job advancement. Nor can you better serve all of your constituents than This letter is about jobs in lliinois-man­ sus assessment as to the reasons for this erosion of Illinois jobs include the following. to seek to assure, by your actions and votes, ufa.cturing jobs-which provide the backbone that the economic and .governmental envi­ of the state's economy, including the state REASONS FOR ILLINOIS JOB LOSS ronment in Illinois will be one in which In­ and local tax base. It has been approved by Illinois is increasingly a high-cost state dustry can thrive, and jobs protected and the Boa.rd of Directors of the Illinois Manu­ for manufacturers, including high wage rates created. facturers' Association, representing more and alleged low productivity from union­ than 5,500 manufacturing companies and domina.ted labor forces. plants in Illinois. The tax burden is regarded as heavy com­ The present unemployment in Illinois pared to other states, particularly consider­ THE GREAT DEPRESSION-PART 2 caused by the National economic recession ing local real and personal property taxes. In presents a. serious short-term problem, par­ Chicago, soaring real property taxes and the ticularly for those unfortunate people who $3 per month per employee taxes on em­ a.re personally affected by it. But there 1s a ployers have increased some employers' taxes HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS longer range ma.nufa.cturlng employment by 35% in the past year. OF IDAHO problem in Illinois that has ominous lmpll­ Illinois state government is Increasingly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cations for the future of the economy of being considered by employers as pro-union Wednesday, June 4, 1975 this state. Your actions as legislators can and anti-industry. The bills to provide huge and wm affect it. increases in unemployment and workmen's Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, yesterday, MANUFACTURING JOBS LEAVING ILLINOIS compensation benefits, to prohibit hiring June 5, 1975, I read into the RECORD the strike-breakers, to provide unemployment first part of an article by the distin­ lliinois is losing jobs in manufacturing at compensation for workers not working as a a rate almost double that of national manu­ result of a labor dispute, and slmil&.r types guished Austrian economist Dr. Hans facturing job loss. According to the la.st of legislation demanded by organized labor Sennholz that appeared in the April 1975 Census of Manufacturers conducted by the will make it more costly and difficult for a issue of the Freeman published by the U.S. Department of Commerce as of 1972, 1111- manufacturer to stay in Illinois. Proposals Foundation for Economic Education. The nols had 1,310,000 manufacturing employees, for a. change in the state constitution so as article is a discussion of the root causes a drop of 6.2% compared to the previous to permit huge increases in corporate income of the Great Depression of the 1930's. Commerce Department census of manufac­ tax rates are taken seriously by industry, turers in 1967. This compares with a. national I would like to continue now with the and compare starkly with tax incentives in final portion of the article: reduction in manufacturing employees of other states for industry to expand and pro­ 3.5% for the same 5-yea.r period. Although vide jobs. THE GREAT DEPRESSION-PART 2 there has been no more recent complete State and local laws and regulations are (By Dr. Hans Sennholz) ma.nufa.cturlng census than 1972, every indi­ making it more and more difficult and costly THE NEW DEAL OF AND AAA cation is that the trend in Illinois 1s con­ to operate a. manufacturing enterprise in One of the great attributes of the private­ tinuing and even increasing, judging by Illinois, even though they a.re all well inten­ sentiments reflected in our recent survey, property market system ts its inherent ability tioned. Environmental protection efforts in to overcome almost any obstacle. Through discussed later. Illinois head the list of employer complaints Where a.re the jobs going? They a.re going price and cost readjustment managerial ef­ in the regulatory field. Most multi-state em­ ficiency and labor productivity, new savings to states that a.re aggressively seeking Indus­ ployers feel that Illinois has excessively strict try and providing a number of Incentives and investments, the market economy tends environmental standards, and that it has the to regain its equilibrium and resume its serv­ and reasons to move. These are mostly south­ most cumbersome and costly enforcement ern states, where manufacturing employ­ ice to consumers. It doubtless would have system, and the least cooperative attitude of recovered In short order from the Hoover in­ ment has Increased in percentage rates, any of the states. ranging from 10% to 25%. terventions had there been no further ILLINOIS PROBLEMS TROUBLE MANUFACTURERS tampering. OTHER STATES COURTING INDUSTRY The future for industry 1n Illinois ls trou­ However, when President Franklin Delano But southern states a.re not alone 1n court­ bling. The large Increases in the cost of state Roosevelt assumed the Presidency, he, too, ing industry and job creation. Wisconsin la.st and local government a.re alarming. The huge fought the economy all the way. In his first year a.mended Its tax laws in several ways, $10.8 billion state budget proposed for FY '76, 100 days, he swung hard at the profit order. to provide an estimated $135 milllon annual with its bllions in "buy now, pay later" gen­ Instead of clearing away the prosperity bar­ tax saving to Industry, including removal of eral obligation bond authorizations, prom­ riers erected by his predecessor, he built new the sales tax from manufacturing Ina.Chinery ises greater future taxes. The number of peo­ ones of his own. He struck in every known and equipment, and the personal property ple on welfare in llilnols 1s now as great as way at the integrity of the U.S. dollar tax on Inventories. Largely as a result of the the number of people working 1n Industry, through quantitative increases and quallta­ Improved business climate, a recent detailed a.bout 1,200,000 of ea.ch. Organized labor dom­ tive deterioration. He seized the people's gold survey revealed that 607 Wisconsin compa­ inates the General Assembly. And no public holdings and subsequently devalued the dol­ nies have invested, or plan to invest, $733 official ever mentions the need for providing lar by 40 per cent. mllllon in expansion programs, providing an incentives for industry to stay and expand With some third of industrial workers un­ estimated 15,700 new jobs. Bills to provide in Illinois. employed, President Roosevelt embarked tax and other incentives for industry are upon sweeping industrial reorganization. He now being considered by a number of other lliino1s has many natural attributes that persuaded Congress to pass the National In­ states which realize the Importance of in­ have contributed to its rise as an industrial dustrial Recovery Act (NIRA), which set up dustrial growth. state: proximlty of raw materials and mar­ the National Recovery Administration Illinois is losing manufacturing jobs at a kets, skllled labor, a variety of suppliers, and (NRA) . Its purpose was to get business to higher relative rate than any of its neighbor­ good transportation of a sea outlet. None­ regulate itself, ignoring the antitrust laws ing states. The 6.2 % loss of manufacturing theless, facts a.re facts, and industrial jobs and developing fair codes of prices, wages, jobs in Illinois since 1967 compares with the a.re leaving Illinois. hours, and working conditions. The Prest- June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF &EMARKS 17135 dent's Re-employment Agreement called for The death of AAA reduced the tax burden ness. Not content with destroying the wealth a minimum wage of 40¢ an hour ($12 to $15 of agriculture and halted the shocking de­ of the rich through confiscatory income and a week in smaller communities), a 35-hour struction of crops. Unemployment began to estate taxation, the administration meant work week for industrial workers and 40 decline. In 1935 it dropped to 9.5 million, to force the distribution of corporate savings hours for white collar workers, and a ban on or 18.4 per cent of the labor force, and in as dividends subject to the high income tax all youth labor. 1936 to only 7.6 million, or 14.5 per cent. rates. Though the top rate finally imposed This was a naive attempt at "increasing A NEW DEAL FOR LABOR on undistributed profits was "only" 27 per purchasing power" by increasing payrolls. cent, the new tax succeeded in diverting cor­ But, the immense increase in business costs The third phase of the Great Depression porate savings from employment and pro­ through shorter hours and higher wage rates was thus drawing to a close. But there was duction to dividend income. worked naturally as an antirevival measure. little time to rejoice, for the scene was being Amidst the new stagnation and unemploy­ After passage of the Act, unemployment rose set for another collapse in 1937 and a linger­ ment, the President and Congress adopted yet to nearly 13 million. The South, especially, ing depression that lasted until the day another dangerous piece of New Deal legisla­ suffered severely from the minimum wage of Pearl Harbor. More than 10 million Ameri­ tion: the Wages and Hours Act or Fair La­ provisions. The Act forced 500,000 Negroes cans were unemployed in 1938, and more bor Standards Act of 1938. The law raised out of work. than 9 million in 1939. minimum wages and reduced the work week Nor did President Roosevelt ignore the The relief granted by the Supreme Court in stages to 44, 42, and 40 hours. It provided disaster that had befallen American agricul­ was merely temporary. The Washington plan­ for time-and-a-half pay for all work over 40 ture. He attacked the problem by passage of ners could not leave the economy alone; hours per week and regulated other labor the Farm Relief and Inflation Act, popularly they had to earn the support of organized conditions. Again, the Federal government known as the First Agricultural Adjustment labor, which was vital for re-election. thus reduced labor productivity and in­ Act. The objective was to raise farm income The Wagner Act of July 5, 1935, earned creased labor cost&-ample grounds for fur­ by cutting the acreages planted or destroy­ the lasting gratitude of labor. This law ther depression and unemployment. ing the crops in the field, pe.ying the farm­ revolutionized American labor relations. It Throughout this period, the Federal gov­ ers not to plant anything, and organizing took labor disputes out of the courts of law ernment, through its monetary arm, the marketing agreements to improve distribu­ and brought them under a newly created Federal Reserve System, endeavored to re­ tion. The program soon covered not only cot­ Federal agency, the National Labor Relations infiate the economy. Monetary expansion ton, but also all basic cereal and meat pro­ Board, which became prosecutor, judge, and from 1934 to 1941 reached astonishing pro­ duction as well as principal ca.sh crops. The jury, all in one. Labor union sympathizers on portions. The monetary gold of Europe expenses of the program were to be covered the Board further perverted the law that sought refuge from the gathering clouds of by a new "processing tax" levied on an al­ already afforded legal immunities and priv­ political upheaval, boosting American bank ready depressed industry. ileges to labor unions. The U. S. thereby reserves to unaccustomed levels. Reserve bal­ NRA codes and AAA processing taxes came abandoned a great achievement of Western ances rose from $2.9 billion in January of in July and August of 1933. Again, economic civilization, equality under the law. 1934, to $14.4 billion in January of 1941. production which had flurried briefly before The Wagner Act, or National Labor Rela­ And with this growth of member bank re­ the deadlines, sharply turned downward. tions Act, was passed in reaction to the serves, interest rates declined to fantastically The Federal Reserve index dropped from 100 Supreme Court's voidence of NRA and its low levels. Commercial paper often yielded in July to 72 in November of 1933. labor codes. It aimed at crushing all em­ less than 1 per cent, bankers' acceptances ployer resistance to labor unions. Anything PUMP-PRIMING MEASURES from Ys per cent to % percent. Treasury blll an employer might do in self-defense became rates fell to 1/10 of 1 per cent and Treasury When the economic planners saw their an "unfair labor practice" punishable by the bonds to some 2 per cent. Call loans were plans go wrong, they simply prescribed ad­ Board. The law not only obliged employers pegged at 1 per cent and prime customers• ditional doses of Federal pump priming. In to deal and bargain with the unions desig­ loans at 1 Y2 per cent. The money market was his January 1934 Budget Message, Mr. Roose­ nated as the employees' representative; later flooded and interest rates could hardly go velt promised expenditures of $10 billion Boa.rd decisions also made it unlawful to lower. while revenues were at $3 billion. Yet, the resist the demands of labor union leaders. DEEP-ROOTED CAUSES economy failed to revive; the business in­ Following the election of 1936, the labor The American economy simply could not dex rose to 86 in May of 1934, and then unions began to make ample use of their new turned down again to 71 by September. recover from these successive onslaughts by Furthermore, the spending program caused powers. Through threats, boycotts, strikes, first the Republican and then the Democratic a panic in the bond market which cast new sizures of plants, and outright violence com­ Administrations. Individual enterprise, the doubts on American money and banking. mitted in legal sanctity, they forced milllons mainspring of unprecedented. income and Revenue legislation in 1933 sharply raised of workers into membership. Consequently, wealth, didn't have a chance. income tax rates in the higher brackets and labor productivity declined and wages were The calamity of the Great Depression fi­ imposed a 5 per cent withholding tax on forced upward. Labor strife and disturbance nally gave way to the holocaust of World War corporate dividends. Tax rates were raised ran wild. Ugly sitdown strikes idled hun­ II. When more than 10 million a.ble-bodied again in 1934. Federal estate taxes were dreds of plants. In the ensuing months eco­ men had been drafted into the armed serv­ brought to the highest levels in the world. nomic activity began to decUne and unem­ ices, unemployment ceased to be an economic In 1935, Federal estate and income taxes ployment again rose above the ten million problem. And when the purchasing power of were raised once more, although the addi­ mark. the dollar had been cut in ha.lf through vast tional revenue yield was insignificant. The But the Wagner Act was not the only budget deficits and currency inflation, Amer­ rates seemed clearly aimed at the redistribu­ source of crisis in 1937. President Roosevelt's ican business managed to adjust to the op­ tion of wealth. shocking attempt at packing the Supreme pressive costs of the Hoover-Roosevelt Deals. According to Benjamin Anderson, "the im­ Court, had it been successful, would have The radical inflation in fe.ct reduced the real pact of all these multitudinous measures­ subordinated the Judiciary to the Executive. costs of labor and thus generated new em­ industrial, agricultural, financial, monetary In the U.S. Congress the President's power ployment in the postwar period. and other-upon a bewildered industrial and was unchallenged. Heavy Democratic ma­ Nothing would be more foolish than to financial community was extra.ordinarily jorities in both houses, perplexed and fright­ single out the men who led us in those bale­ heavy. We must add the effect of continuing ened by the Great Depression, blindly fol­ ful yea.rs and condemn them for all the evil disquieting utterances by the President. He lowed their leader. But when the President that befell us. The ultimate roots of the had castigated the bankers in his inaugural strove to assume control over the Judiciary, Great Depression were growing in the hearts speech. He had made a slurring comparison the American nation rallied against him, and minds of the American people. It ls true, of British and American bankers in a speech and he lost his first polltical fight in the they abhored the painful symptoms of the in the summer of 1934 .... That private en­ halls of Congress. great dilemma. But the large majority fav­ terprise could survive and rally in the midst There was also his attempt at controlling ored and voted for the very policies that made of so great a disorder is an amazing demon­ the stock market through an ever-increasing the disaster inevitable: inflation and credit stration of the vitality of private enterprise." number of regulations and investigations by expe.nsion, protective tariffs, labor laws that Then came relief from unexpected quar­ the Securities and Exchange Commission. raised wages and fa.rm laws that raised prices, ters. The "nine old men" of the Supreme "Insider" trading was barred, high and in­ ever higher taxes on the rich and distribu­ Court, by unanimous decision, outlawed NRA flexible margin requirements imposed and tion of their wealth. The seeds for the Great in 1935 and AAA in 1936. The Court main­ short selllng restricted, mainly to prevent Depression were sown by scholars and teach­ tained that the Federal legislative power had repetition of the 1929 stock market crash. ers durtng the 1920's and earlier when social been unconstitutionally delegated and states' Nevertheless the market fell nearly 50 per and economic ideologies that were hostile rights violated. cent from August of 1937 to March of 1938. toward our tradition.al order of private prop­ These two decisions removed some fearful The American economy again underwent erty and individual enterprise conquered our handicaps under which the economy was dreadful punishment. colleges and universities. The professors of laboring. NRA, in particular, was a night­ earlier years were as guilty as the political mare with continuously changing rules and OTHER TAXES AND CONTROLS leaders of the 1930's. regulations by a host of government bureaus. Yet other factors contributed to this new Social and economic decline is facilltated Above all, voidance of the act immediately and fastest slump in U.S. history. The by mom.I decay. Surely, the Great Depres­ reduced labor costs and raised productivity Undistributed Profits Tax of 1936 struck a sion would be inconceivable without the as it permitted labor markets to readjust. heavy blow at profits retained for use in busl- growth of covetousness and envy of grea.t 17136 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 personal wealth and income, the sored, supported and controlled by the published a statement by the central com­ mounting desire for public assistance and Soviet Union. mittee of the South African Communist favors. It would be inconceivable without an Dr. Ben Magubane, a representative of Party stating why acts of violence were ominous decline of individual independence necessary in South Africa. The party de­ and self-reliance, and above all, the burning the African National Congress, was list­ clared: desire to be free from man's bondage and to ed on the circular as one of the principal • • • the oppressed masses are turning be responsible to God alone. "witnesses" before that so-called "com­ to methods that are illegal and nonpeaceful. can it ha.ppen again? Inexorable economic munity hearing" which was the subject They are looking to illegal organizations law ascertains that it must happen again of my original report. like the African National Congress and the whenever we repeat the dreadful errors that The former House Committee on In­ Communist Party for leadership and libera­ generated the Great Depression. ternal Security, in a staff study entitled tion. Violent outbreaks of one sort or another are becoming more and more common. Some­ 'Terrorism," compiled the following times, as in the case of the operations ot facts on the African National Congress. Umkonto We Sizwe, these outbreaks are pur­ SOUTH AFRICA AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS poseful, effective and carefully planned on a The African National Congress (ANC), the nation-wide level. • • • oldest of the southern African revolutionary The SACP proceeded to denounce the parties, was formed in South Africa in 1912. Poqo guerrillas sponsored by the Pan­ HON. LARRY McDONALD It was outlawed in 1960. Africanist Congress for their "uncontrolled OF GEORGIA Accorcllng to The African Communist for and violent" outlook of "blind revenge on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES January-March 1963 (p. 8), Moses Kotane, Whites." former secretary-genera.I of the South Afri­ The African Communist for July-Septem­ Wednesday, June 4, 1975 can Communist Party, has served as a mem­ ber 1964 carries an account of the arrest ot Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. ber of the executive committee of the African seven people involved with the ANC, the Speaker, my distinguished colleague, National Congress. Other Communist Party SACP and the Spear of the Nation in 1963. functionaries including J. B. Marks and Al­ The magazine said that "The police found Mr. DIGGS, of Michigan, in his remarks bert Nzula have also served on the executive many confidential documents, including of May 20, 1975, 15502, has noted his committee, according to The African Com­ 'Operation Mayibuye,' the Umkonto We exception to my brief report on a recent munist of July-8eptember 1964 (p. 11). Sizwe draft plan for guerrilla warfare." A Washington, D.C., meeting on the situ­ In 1961 the Communist Party decided to tenant of a farm, a member of the SACP, was ation in South Africa in which a large lead the African National Congress into a arrested, the article continued. He had: number of persons with public records of campaign of terrorism. An official of the • • • documents in his handwriting in­ activity in radical causes and organiza­ African National Congress, Nelson Mandela, dicating that he had been sent abroad on a tions participated, as did a number of was placed in charge of the terrorist orga­ mission to find whether arms could be distinguished Washington area commu­ nization called Umkonto We Sizwe (Spear obtained for the Umkonto soldiers. of the Nation). • • • nity and political leaders who are not On July 11, 1963 the police raided a farm Among the documents discovered at known for such involvements. near Johannesburg and captured many of Rivonia were manuscripts in the hand­ Among the principal participants in the leaders of the terrorist movement in­ writing of Nelson Mandela, who had found this meeting on South Africa were per­ cluding some white and black communists. refuge at the farm at one stage of his under­ sons with extensive records of activity The fincllng of the judge president 1n the ground leadership. Next to Chief Lutuli, on behalf of African Marxist groups en­ trial of the Umkonto We Sizwe terrorists Mandela has become the best known and was that the African National Congress was most popular of the Congress leaders. • • • gaged in "wars of national liberation," a "communist dominated." representative of a Soviet-controlled Subsequently, Abram Fischer, a white com­ guerrilla organization, the African Na­ munist Party member and member of a • • • The leaders in the dock • • • dis­ tional Congress, and several persons for­ prominent Afrikaans family, was captured. dained to repudiate • • • or to deny the He admitted during his trial in 1966 that part that some of them had played in merly or presently associated with Mr. Umkonto. • • • "I admit immediately," DIGGS' staff. the leaders of the terrorist movement had given assurances to the Communist Party said Mandela, "that I was one of the persons The notations of previous radical ac­ who helped to form Umkonto We Sizwe, and tivity of those persons so noted were that no action would be taken without prior consultation with the party. As a result Man­ that I played a prominent role in its affairs ta.ken from the Communist Party, U.S.A. dela was allowed to choose the leadership of until I was &rested in August 1962." newspaper, Daily World, various hear­ the terrorist movement. As Fischer said, "The • • • ings of the former House Internal Secu­ Congresses and the Communist Party did not "I do not deny that I planned sabotage," rity Committee, and similar sources. wish to have their membership held Hable said Mandela, "I did not plan it in a spirit If the public record of those involved for every act of sabotage • • • ." of recklessness, nor because I have any love is distressing, we should remember that Despite the arrest of much of the terrorist of violence. I planned it as a result of a it is the fault of those who made the rec­ leadership, the remnants of Umkonto We calm and sober assessment of the political ord, not of those who merely report it. Sizwe continued to engage in terrorist ac­ situation that had arisen • • • ." tivities and to coordinate with other African • • • • • My colleagues are, of course, aware terrorist groups including ZAPU of Rhodesia, • • • Mandela vigorously defended the that local and national leaders, includ­ Frelimo of Mozambique, and the MPLA of A.N.C. policy of cooperation with the [Com­ ing former Members of Congress, are the Angola, according to The African Communist, munist] Party in the common struggle for targets of a wide variety of lobbys and Fourth Quarter, 1967 (pp. 5-8). n ational liberation. Leading Communists pressure groups, each claiming to pro­ Sechaba, the official organ of the African • • • had served on the National Executive mote some desirable goal. National Congress of South Africa, and Zim­ of the A.N.C. This was not surprising, he But among the legitimate citizens' in­ babwe Review, the official organ of the Zim­ pointed out. The Party had for very many babwe African Peoples• Union (ZAPU) in years fought side by side with the Congress: terest groups are some which act know­ Rhodesia, are both printed in English in many Africans equated Commun ism with ingly in the interest of totalitarian coun­ East Germany. Freedom.•• • tries such as the Soviet Union. These The African Communist was originally over the years the Soviets have used groups push for policies which in the pro­ published in England and stlll lists a London ANO and its leader, Oliver Tambo, to con­ tracted struggle between totalitarianism address. However, for a number of years it tact various emerging African revolutionary and freedom favor the Communist bloc has been printed in East Germany. groups. The editor of The African Communist at the expense of the free world. The staff study also noted: In the guise of promoting peace and until his death on June 18, 1974, was Michael Harmel. A white member of the Despite these threats, the South African civil liberties, the pro-Communists have central committee of the South African Com­ "liberation forces" have been only mlnlmally two favorite ploys-calling for drastic munist Party, Harmel had spent the last active during 1972 and 1973. Oliver Tambo cutbacks in the U.S. defense budget and few years in Czechoslovakia as a member of explaillled this in an interview in the Novem­ for moves to persuade America to isolate the editorial board of World Marxist Review, ber 1973 issue of Muhammad. Speaks, publi­ various anti-Communist countries on the international communist theoretical cation of the Nation of Islam (Black Mus­ the grounds that their standards of civil organ. In order to maintain the pretense lims). a violently antiwhite organization liberties do not match ours. that the South African Communist Party was whose members have been involved in violent led by Blacks, Harmel used the pen names conflicts with local police: The groups in this country who act to of Umlweli, Titshale, Terence Africanus and • • • one simply can't place South Africa advance the cause of the African Na­ A.Lerumo. in the same category as every other country tional Congress-ANC-and the South The African Communist, a quarterly pub­ and say, "There is fighting here, why isn't West Africa People's Organization­ lished "as a forum for Marxist-Leninist fighting there?" We know historically and SWAPO--knowingly or unknowingly are thought throughout our continent, by the have decided that the answer to the situa­ aiding Marxist guerrilla terrorists spon- South African Communist Pa.Ny," in 1963 tion is armed struggle. That stage of actual June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS fighting must be reached as part of the proc­ As a result of stepped up national libera­ its warnings to the West of the dangers ess of struggle. Its timing must fit the con­ tion movement and actions of international of detente and in its analysis of both ditions that prevail. public against the regime of racial discrimi­ the tyranny of the Soviet Union and that While ANC is not yet, based on Ta.mbo's nation, the racialist regime of the Republic tyranny's impact on the world. Much of statement, ready for armed struggle, one of of South Africa found itself in isolation, his message has been antithetical to the their spokesmen, Tennyson Makiwane, haS stressed a statement of the World Council stated that ANC has "an operative l.1nk with of Peace released here. · liberal world view in general and to the the underground unions of the black work­ The World Council of Peace welcomes the liberal view of the Soviet Union in ers." This remark takes on added significance unanimous decision on rejecting any dialogue particular. when taken in context with the recent strikes with the racialist regime of South Africa Even with this being the case, his 1n South Africa and the statement made in which was taken recently in Addis Ababa by message--because of its forcefulness, the July 1973 issue of the South African the 24th session of the Ministerial Council truthfulness, and timeliness-has gained Communist Party ma.ga.zine, Inkululeko, that of the Organisation of African Unity, the "strikes are a potent force because they begin sta.tement stresses. a wide audience. One important press to instill fear into the capitalists; because conference that Solzhenitsyn held in they help to educate the workers about the Equally disturbing as the Soviet Sweden when he accepted his Nobel Prize true nature of the capitalist state." Union's support for SWAPO and ANC has never had its full text published in The article stresses that the strikes must terrorists was the announcement by the United States until very recently. be seen in the context of the political and SWAPO President Nujoma and Harry At this point I include in the RECORD ideological struggles, and quotes Lenin who Stembe of the ANC in Moscow that the part of Solzhenitsyn's press conference wrote, "Strikes are a school of war and not two groups had now forged links with the 6, the war itself, strikes a.re only one means which appeared in the June 1975 issue of struggle, one aspect of the working class Palestine Liberation Organization ter­ of National Review. I commend the fol­ movement." States the article, "The white rorists. Nujoma said that-- lowing to the attention of my colleagues: ruling class wm not surrender its control of As far as SWAPO is concerned, the struggle SOLZHENITSYN SPEAKS OUT the State without a violent struggle, there­ in Namibia (South West Africa) against the Well, hello, gentlemen. We have not seen fore the continuation of the preparation for racist regime of South Africa is the same each other for a long, long time. Actually, such a struggle ls essentia.l for victory. • • •" struggle as that one being waged by the we have never seen each other ... for a long Palestinians against Zionist usurpa.tion of time you avoided me, and then I avoided you. The South-West Africa People's Or­ their lands. But today it is natural that we should get ganization-SWAPO-was founded in together and talk to our hearts' content. the late 1950's by Sam Nujoma. Its small And Stembe of ANC was quoted as saying: You avoided me when I was in prison camp, guerrilla forces have operated in South­ when I lived in exile, when I was an un­ west Africa from bases in Angola and The ANC has got very close relations with known Ryazan schoolteacher; and yet that Zambia. SWAPO guerrillas have received the PLO. In fact in the last 29th session of was when I did my main work. But as soon the United Nations assembly the delegation as One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich military training and sabotage instruc­ of the African National Congress of South tion in the Soviet Union, Algeria and was published, the correspondents wanted Africa was working very closely with the to see me and talk to me. At that point, Egypt. delegation led by Yasir Arafat. We a.re hav­ however, I began, resolutely and persistently, While Nujoma originally claimed in­ ing very close relations because we consider to avoid seeing correspondents. For nine years difference to either capitalism or com­ that we are facing the same enemy. I stayed away from them completely, with­ munism, SWAPO has been vigorously In light of the seriousness of the threat out giving a single interview, and I have courted by the Soviet Union and its in­ posed by international Marxist-Leninist not given many since then, either. ternational front organizations. The staff terrorism-one band in Zaire even now It ls not just a figure of speech when I study, "Terrorism," reported: say that you avoided me for many years. still holding two American students and I should like to say that in the Soviet Union In November 1973, Romesh Chandra,• sec­ a Dutch citizen .kidnapped in Tanzania­ retary-general of the World Peace Council, today there are many people who could give reported to the United Nations that "With re­ it would be an act of irresponsibility to extremely important interviews. But these gard to Nambia, the Congress extended its distort a report on terrorist support ac­ people, who are still unknown, do not interest full support to the liberation struggle car­ tivities by omitting the name or back­ Western correspondents. Borodin, for in­ ried out under the banner of SWAPO and ground of a participant. stance, gave an interview not long ago to called on all governments and international The most desirable society is one in some Western correspondents (from Reuters, organizations to send concrete material as­ I think it was), but the agency said: "We which each individual has the freedom don't need your interview. Who is he, any­ sistance to SWAPO, to enable it to effectively to grow and develop to the full extent intensify the armed liberation struggle." (The way?" So they did not print it. World Peace Council is an international com­ of his or her capability. South Africa Then there was the case of Svetlana munist front formed at the end of the Second should be commended for its new pro­ Shramko from Ryazan, about whom I wrote World Peace Congress in Warsaw in 1950 as gressive policies of offering economic in the New York Times. Confined to a psy­ part of the Soviet-sponsored campaign assistance to developing African nations, chiatric hospital from combatting air pollu­ against NATO. Chandra's report to the UN for opening itself to the dialog process, tion in Ryazan, she succeeded in deceiving related to action at the Council's most recent her jailers by feigning humility and repent­ and for dropping many racially based ance. . . . She was released. She then went World Peace Congress held in Moscow Oc­ restrictive regulations. tober 25-31, 1973.) to Moscow and telephoned the New York It would be more productive for Times correspondent. And he heard a cry Nujoma, while visiting Moscow at the Americans of conscience to encourage from a throat being strangled. Since then end of February, reiterated that "armed South Africans to continue these policies she has dropped out of sight. We do not struggle" is, in the opinion of SWAPO, and expand them, rather than to do as know where she is now being tormented or what they are doing to her, and we may not necessary for the eventual victory of the the Soviet Union and its allies desire by find out for a long time. people's revolution in South West Africa. condemning South Africa to total eco­ I should like to say that you may be At the same time, the World Peace Coun­ nomic and political isolation. missing the best opportunities, right now, cil, the Soviet Union's "peace front," Our Government's relationships with for highly interesting interviews in the Soviet called for escalation of the economic and South Africa certainly are an appro­ Union-more interesting, perhaps, than an political campaign against the South priate subject for public debate. Let us, interview with me. Now I will also explain African Government. however, examine the issues with eyes why I a.voided correspondents, even though A Tass report broadcast over Radio unclouded by the propaganda and many people understand this without being told. No sooner was One Day in the Life o/ Moscow in English on March 5, stated rhetoric of the Marxist-Leninist enemies Ivan Denisovich published than some agency that the WPC had "called for intensified of all peoples' freedom. put this question to me: "What can you say struggle * * * on ending all political, about the way in which Khrushchev got economic and cultural ties with the out of the Cuban crisis?" How could I, a racialist regime of the Republic of South SOLZHENITSYN SPEAKS OUT-I Ryazan schoolteacher whom no one had heard Africa." Tass continued: of until that day, be expected to answer such HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK a question off-the-cuff? ... Well, of course *Ramesh Chandra was elected to the Na­ I avoided answering this question, and many tional Council of the Communist Party of OF omo others like it thereafter. India. a.t its 9-th Congress, Oct. 3-10, 1971. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I gave no interviews, although I had more than enough to say, because it would all [Documents of the Ninth Congress of the Wednesday, June 4, 1975 Communist Party of India, published by have gone into the Western press merely to Communist Party Publication, New Delhi, Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the satisfy readers' curiosity. But at home, in 1972, p. 414.] voice of Solzhenitsyn has been strong in the Soviet Union, it would have harmed me. 17138 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 It would have interfered with my literary it is open knowledge in what prison he is equality is that, how can they be weighed in work and with the struggle which persecu­ held and how he is being treated. We can the same scales? tions compelled me to wage. even see him photographed behind the bars, Yesterday I went to an Amnesty Inter­ It is strange that some Western corre­ this is often permitted. But Wallenberg is national exhibition. Many portraits of im­ spondents to this day remain unaware of this in a Soviet prison, so all we have is this kind prisoned Soviet dissenters seemed to be on situation. For instance, during the summer of indirect testimony from people some of display. But it turned out that these por­ of the year when Nixon was in Moscow I lis­ whom conceal their identity either because traits were repeated, like a pattern. There tened to the Voice of America. and heard the they are still in Eastern Europe or because were forty portraits on display, but they correspondelllts say: "We walked in the street they have relatives there .... And so, since represented only five or six people...• We and began asking ordinary Soviet citizens they are all so well hidden in Russia, since looked to see whose pictures they were. The what they thought of Nixon's visit and of prisoners are so well concealed and kept majority were of people who had already detente." I don't know what this is--naivete incommunicado, no one tries to free them; served their sentences and been released: or cynicism? You can walk through the I have heard that your Prime Minister (Olof Ma.rchenko, Ginzburg, Sinyavsky, Grigorenko. streets of Western cities asking ordinary peo­ Palme] considers that there is too little in­ Because these names are already known, ple for their opinions, and they will reply. formation to justify spoiling relations with thelr photographs a.re available. But there But when a. Soviet person is approached in the Soviet Union on account of Wallenberg. a.re almost no photographs of those who are the street by a foreign correspondent and Here in Sweden I have been told of other now in prison, who are now being throttled. asked a question, he knows perfectly well cases-the disappearance of Swedish sailors So there is no equality here. The system of that the KGB boys are close behind, and and fishermen in the Baltic Sea. during the equality which Amnesty International seeks that, as soon as the correspondent disappears, immediate postwar period. They vanished to carry out is in reality a cruel self-decep­ they wm grab him then and there if he did silently, without a trace, apparently into the tion. not answer properly.... All the correspond­ Soviet Union, and no one tries to defend The world gets the impression that this ents want is to collect opinions, even though them or to get them out. is an organization which worries about every­ they realize that nobody gives them his Western governments as much as say: lock body. But in practice it cannot do anything opinions and that they are not getting the them up tight and keep them out of sight; for our prisoners, as it knows almost nothing truth. we will liberate anyone who is not securely about them; its activities cover only a small Of course, there are always people in the held, but if you have a good grip on their fraction of them. Soviet Union, so-called dissidents, who cross throats, go ahead and throttle them, we're Q: In your opinion Western-style democ­ the line where they begin to speak openly. not going to free them. racy is not suitable for Russia.. Why not? If you ask such people a question you will get Now here ls an amazing story. Wallenberg's A: This, gentlemen, ls a perfect example a truthful reply. Just make sure that the mother is currently in correspondence with of how hastily and superficially the press person you are questioning has indeed a certain Yefim Moshinsky, the former KGB oversimplifies people's views, including their crossed that forbidden line. captain who arrested Wallenberg. Now in published statements. Today, when we touch Q: What can you say about the fate of Israel, he tells of what a nice man Wallenberg on serious questions, I would particularly Raoul Wallenberg? Did you hear about him was, the man he was ordered to arrest. like to request that, if you are not able when you were in the camps? Ordered to arrest a Swedish diplomat! Well, to report accurately and fully, you should say A: No, I heard nothing of him when I was all right. The State Security captain sum­ nothing at all. In my "Letter to the Soviet a prisoner, or for many years after that. This moned him amicably from the Embassy, Leaders," which was almost completely mis­ just shows how vast is the Gulag Archipelago, drove off with him in his car, then arrested understood ln the West, I did not say that and how may hidden places it contains. There him. Wallenberg was then sent from one So­ Western democracy is entirely unsuited to are many such secret places, where prisoners viet secret prison to the next. Russia.. I made no such statement. I only are isolated forever, where no word ever In order to avoid trouble over Wallenberg, said that in Russia, and I mean right now, trickles out, so that no one will know about Soviet authorities falsified the records as fol­ we are not only not ready for it, but we a.re these people. lows: a certificate was allegedly found at the less ready than we were in 1917. Yet in 1917, I happen to meet another Scandinavian Lubyanka prison in 1957 stating that he had when we were more ready, when we had had who called himself Erik Arvid Andersen. died in 1947, and they tried to close the case 12 years of parliamentary experience after When I tried to find out something about in this fashion. all ... in 1917 we were still so unprepared him here in Sweden, and to learn who his However, much of the information in the that this led to an exhausting civil war and relatives are, I came across the Wallenberg possession of Wallenberg's mother dates to the rise of a totalitarian state. story. from later, and even very recent times ..• After the upheavals our country has suf­ Yesterday I saw Wallenberg's mother. It from fellow prisoners who said he was still fered, any evolution must be smooth, without was heartbreaking to see this old lady, who alive in 1970. He is now 62 years old. We the slaughter of tens of millions more of our has been waiting for her son for 29 years. must hurry, hurry to have him released. What people. Cyberneticist Mikhail Agursky writes Please weigh and consider the full meaning is needed for that is a powerful public that the transition, or future development in of what I am saying-29 years! Wallenberg opinion movement able to force your govern­ Russia. in the direction of democracy, must was arrested at almost the same time as I ment and other governments to save this proceed under conditions of strong authority, was. I served my entire sentence, both im­ man. And here I think that Jewish world and he is right. If democracy is proclaimed prisonment and exile, was set free for a num­ opinion could be very helpful. Here ts why I all of a sudden; a destructive wa.r will break ber of years, as you know from my published say this: you probably know that Wallen­ out between nationality groups. This will writings.... But this man has been in berg, as an official of the Swedish embassy in wipe out democracy instantly, and millions prison for 29 years and is still there today I Budapest, rescued Jews from death by will perish, but not for democracy; it would Nor is he the only one like that in the Soviet getting them out to the West. According to just be a war between nationalities. Union. Many who were sentenced to 25 yea.rs the data, he saved over twenty thousand I am not against democracy as such, and at the end of the war are still in confinement. Jews in this manner, and I think that Jew­ I am not against democracy in Russia, I am Some have been imprisoned since 1947 or ish public opinion, which has been so effec­ for good democracy. And I want to see us, since 1939, and their sentences are even tive in defending Jewish people m the So­ in Russia, move toward it in a slow, smooth. extended. ivet Union imprisoned for one, three, or five and cautious manner. A whole epoch has passed since that time. years, could come out strongly for Wallen­ Q: Do you believe in the possibility of any People whose arrest somewhere in Africa was berg and save him. form of Communism at all? written about by leaders of national move­ Q: What is your attitude toward the ac­ A: As the West began to learn more about ments have long since been freed, have be­ tivities of Amnesty International? the true state of events in the Soviet Union, come presidents of their countries, have A: The organization is nobly conceived and Westerners, particularly those close to Com­ been running their governments for decades, supposedly impartial. However, precisely be­ munist circles, created myths and legends have left office or been overthrown. . . • cause of the total inequa.llty existing between to fit the picture. The first such legend took Generation after generation has been written the Ea.st and the rest of the world in the shape after the Twentieth Party Congress. up in the press: so-and-so is in prison, number of prisoners and in the treatment Somehow, those who had acclaimed our exe­ so-and-so is being tormented.... They have accorded them, the equality which Amnesty cutioners and applauded our humiliations all long since been liberated, but our people International wishes to observe is an erron­ had to save their positions. So they thought are still in prison. eous and illusory equality. ..• They want to up the theory that Stalin had spoiled every­ Wallenberg's mother has information on offend nobody. Each group defends some­ thing. He was said to have established false who was in prison with her son, and when. one in the West, someone in the East, and socialism. If only we had genuine socialism! I do not for a minute doubt the authenticity someone in the Third World. But the initial In the Soviet Union today a small group of her data. In the Gulag Archipelago, if a conditions a.re so unequal that this equality of old Bolsheviks is trying to defend this man said he was 1n prison with someone else, 1s in fact an illusion. They know everything same view. Its spokesman is Roy Medvedev, that is the truth. Fourteen witnesses a.re about those few Western or Third World a relatively young man whose father died listed here, and it is evident that he has been prisoners, including their daily diet, whether in prison camp under that same Commu­ kept in secret confinement, but occasionally or not the cells are lighted, and they have nism-no, under Stalin's false socialism. someone or other saw him briefly and this is photographs taken of them behind bars. All These people do not specify what genuine how the information seeped out. of this is known. But of Eastern prisoners socialism should be, they only say that the But here is the d11ference: 1! a man is they know nothing, though they are a hun­ other was bad and this would be good. arrested in the West or in the Third World, dred times more numerous. What kind of Roy Medvedev wrote a huge thick volume June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17139 entitled Let History Judge, tracing the Stal­ class; and he harnessed the trade unions to this doctrine; this doctrine could not bear inist period-well, basically, what happened the service of the state. The whole high­ other fruits than those it actually bore. . • • in the Party and to the Bolsheviks. The kind pitched, atheistic campaign which, as Agur­ Now here is a little additional question: of things you find in this volume, what as­ sky has shown, was the pivotal point of col­ How do I evaluate Roy Medvedev's critique of tounding assertions! The Western press, sym­ lectivization was created by Lenin and Trot­ Gulag Archipelago? Roy Medvedev comes out pathetic with his conclusions, refers to this sky. Trotsky, too, gave Stalin some ideas: with a short review, immediately translated book as a scholarly work. I can find no sign compulsory labor armies (the prototype of into several languages, to get in ahead of the of science or scholarship in it. It is a nar­ Gulag), superindustriallza.tion and suppres­ appearance of my book . • • and thereby to rowly partisan piece of political journalism. sion of vital needs of the population, oppres­ neutralize it. This ls 1n the Soviet tradition: Reviewing "A Letter to the Soviet Lead­ sion of the peasantry as the main internal a book into which a lifetime or decades of ers" and trying to save the day for the enemy, the "tightening of the screws" on the work have been invested is commented upon Soviet Marxist Medvedev thought of this way unions. The only thing that Stalin did on by some journalist or other, who bats out an out: in the USSR they need "a new socialist his own was to play ha.voe with his Party, article in a couple of days and hits you over party, free from responsibility for the crimes which is the only thing they curse him for. the head with a big club. Amazing that in of the past." That is, one party having al­ But Stalin took this road precisely 1n order to the West this should be called a "dlalogue"l ready slaughtered sixty million people, its carry out Lenin's testamentary commands. A book has been written which contains the hands can no longer be washed clean, so let's The weak point in the argument of those testimony of hundreds of people, which con• form another one and start all over again. who claim that Stalinism was false socialism tains the work of an artist, and the jour­ Roy Medvedev's "rebirth of Marxism" ts is passed over in silence. The question is: nalistic reply is: "No, not like that, he doesn't about the same thing as if a journalist in right now, today, under the present leader­ quite understand, he has not yet grown sUf­ Germany were to try to prove today that ship, what is it: true, or false, sociaUsm? ficlently in stature to understand great Hitler's theory was correct and only its exe­ But in recent years, as too much was being ideas ..." cution unsuccessful. Rather than parrot revealed about Lenin, I noticed a new theory, Strictly speaking, Roy Medvedev ca.me out words like "social democracy," words which against Archipelago (although he does say are a joke in the Soviet Union, or suggest, as a new legend in the West. First they gave. up Stalin and defended Lenin. Today it is diffi­ some things in its favor) essentially because the Soviet papers do, "enlarging the pre­ he has to save Lenin and the communist rogatives of local agencies," he should pub­ cult to defend Lenin, so they are giving him up and retreating to the next line of idea; he has to defend those same old Bol­ licly and honestly answer this question: in sheviks who went on helping the ma.chine of trenches, where they defend Marx. But if you the Soviet Union now, is it or is it not neces­ oppression destroy others, right up to the sary to destroy the system of falsehood, read Marx attentively you will there find Leninist formulations and tactics already very day when they themselves were unex­ which spins its web around the lives and pectedly arrested and imprisoned. He now souls of everyone in the Soviet Union? completely outlined, with repeated ca.Us for terror, violence, and the forceful seizure of calls them victims, the standard-bearers of But the Marxists cannot admit that our public justice. But the question a.rises: if dreary propaganda is a lie. power. Marx: "Reforms are a sign of weak• the victim helps the executioner up to the Medvedev's book claims to be a work of ness." "The movement for reforms in Eng­ very last minute, giving him others to " purified Marxism," but in 1,400 pages it land was an error." "Democracy is mor~ slaughter and holding the axe for him, to presents the theory that everything would terrible than monarchy or aristocracy. what extent is he a victim and to what ex­ have gone well but for the evil character of "Political freedom is false freedom, worse tent an executioner? To this day, Medvedev Sta.Un, and because of the evil character of than the worst form of slavery." "Given uni­ praises the executioners: Peters, Latsts. Stalin history went wrong. versal suffrage, revolution hasn't got a Dzerzhinsky, Menzhinsky. He calls the shoot­ This can be said by a non-Marxist author chance." ing of one boy a. "legend," whereas for years who attributes great significance to the role Marx writes to Engels: "Looking in the in our country people from the age of 12 of personality. But if a Marxist says such a future I see something for us [i.e., for Marx on were lawfully shot, in accordance with the thing, he draws a line through his work and Engels] that will smell strongly of high penal code. In Chapter II of Part 3 [of Gulag) from the beginning to the end. treason." And very often they write: "After I undertake a comprehensive investigation Out of sympathy for his views, the Western coming to power-terror. It is necessary to of the principles guiding the behavior of leftist press calls Roy Medvedev a scholar execute, to repeat the year 1793." After the these "well-intentioned persons" in the and a historian, no less. For this book to be a takeover "they will begin to regard us as camps, and I show that they could not have scholarly work, it would have to be struc­ monsters--but we don't give a. damn." behaved otherwise, behaved more decently, tured differently: the author would have to Now what does 1793 mean? We don't stop and still have preserved their Marxist ideo­ take the initial propositions of Lenin with to think about it now, because it was all so logy. Medvedev does not even try to answer which the October Revolution began. Let me long a.go. r can sum up in two sentences what these irrefutable conclusions; he simply remind you of the propositions Lenin started Marx and Engels found so thrilllng a.bout skirts them. out with-they are the Lessons of the Paris 1793 · Marat and his "Draft Declaration of The term "dissident" or "dissenter" is used Commune. Lenin says that the Paris Com­ the Rights of Mah and of the Citizen": "Man in the USSR with reference to those who mune perished because it did not destroy its has a right to appropriate to himself every­ express themselves outside of the official enemies en masse; that to win, the prole­ thing he needs for food, for his keep, and for press. One must be careful in using this tariat must annihilate its enemies on a mass happiness ... Man has the right to snatch term, one might use it more accurately. In scale. a.way from others not only what is surplus, the precise sense of the word, Roy Medvedev Well, Lenin has many such propositions. but what is necessary ... Man has the does not belong to the dissidents in the That, furthermore, was the concrete Russian right to slaughter his neighbor, and to de­ USSR, he is not threatened personally by situation in 1917. Whoever wishes to prove vour his trembling body." It is no accident anyone, because by and large he is defend­ that the Soviet system is not socialism but that Lenin never ceased to be delighted by ing the regime in the best possible way-more rather Stalinist false socialism must prove Marx and Engels right up to his death, nor cleverly and flexibly than the official press that, proceeding from Leninist principles and mere chance that Marx and Engels were would be able to do. from the concrete situation of Russia in thrilled by the French Revolution. The 191 7, lt would have been possible to build French and October Revolutions have th~ socialism without wholesale plundering of profound sim.llarity: they were both ideologi­ the peasantry, without subjugation of the cal· and they did not annihllate people ha.p­ working class, without introducing mass h~ardly but on the ground of ideology. HOLY CROSS GREEK ORTHODOX slavery, and without terror. Then I would Now, to answer the question that was put CHURCH take off my hat and bow to such a scientific to me, I had to reply at length because we study. But neither Roy Medvedev-nor any have to go very far back before Stalin. The Communist theoretician in the world--can book seven of us have just compiled, From HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD demonstrate that. under the Rubble, contains an article on so­ OF MICHIGAN I I tak­ What is more-and am afraid am cialism by Igor Shafarevlch (who is still a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing too much of your time-it is clear that member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences all of the principal measures against the although he is also a. member of the Human Wednesday, June 4, 1975 people were carried out by Lenin, and not by Rights Committee). This article examines the Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, the Stalin. Lenin never dropped violence and progress of socialist ideas and socialist states terror as fundamental methods of his pro­ members of the Holy Cross Greek Or­ from Plato to Me.reuse . . . Soon his book thodox Church on Sunday afternoon, gram: 'Dictatorship is state power supported Socialism will come out 1n the West. There it directly by violence." It was Lenin, not Stalin, May 4, 1975, broke ground for their new who took the land away from the peasants will be possible to read all this in detail. So, church complex. in 1922. Lenin deceived the workers by not when they gave up Lenin or began to give him up, they created this myth that This youngest church of a venerable letting them manage the factories. Lenin and ancient Christian tradition to be set up the concentration camps and the Lenin became the victim of the Russian tra­ Cheka's hangman courts. He used military dition-as much as to say, Russia being what built in the Greater Detroit area in the force to subdue outlying regions and to sup­ it is, things could not have turned out dif­ last 35 years is characterized by the ini­ press peasant uprisings; he totally destroyed ferently, but we will change all that. But tiative and dedication of its members. the nobility, the clergy, and the merchant no! The whole trouble lies in the roots of Located in Farmington Hills, Mich., this CXXI--1081-Part 13 17140 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 young and dynamic parish serves in ex­ Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention dent acted wisely in vetoing the bill. I cess of 250 communicants in the South­ in the Executive Office of the President will vote to sustain that veto in the U.S. field-Farmington Hills area. be terminated on June 30 of this year. House of Representatives. Holy Cross Parish was founded in Au­ Together with our Chairman PAUL The May 21, 1975, edition of the Chi­ gust of 1969 as a mission of the Greek ROGERS, I and other members of the Sub­ cago Tribune carried a persuasive editor­ Orthodox Archdiocese, but growth in committee on Health and the Environ­ ial in support of the President's position. membership and :financial stability soon ment are introducing a bill to amend I am placing this editorial in the CON­ warranted its emergence as a self-de­ the Drug Abuse and Treatment Act of GRESSIONAL RECORD and I respectfully pendent Orthodox community. The 1972 in an e:fiort to provide for the con­ urge all my colleagues to read it: Reverend Father S. J. Anthony assumed tinuing operation of the Special Action SUSTAIN THE STRIP MINING VETO duties as priest August 1, 1971, following Office set up by title II. Our bill will re­ Ba.lancing our growing need for energy more than 20 years as a Greek Orthodox name the office Office of Drug Abuse against concern for the environment, Presi­ priest in parishes in Pennsylvania, Mas­ Policy, and trim down its function to dent Ford has again vetoed legislation that sachusetts, Florida, and California. that of coordination and policy de­ would set federal standards for restoring In announcing architects to design the velopment. If the administration wants strip mined coal fields. We urge that the new church complex for Holy Cross, to cut Federal expenditures, I can think United States House of Representatives sus­ tain the veto. Peter E. Zervos of Southfield, chairman of no better way than to make this office The veto is not going to win Mr. Ford many of the Building and Site Development viable and effective. To prevent duplica­ friends among the conservationists, but it is Committee noted that-- tion and wasteful effort, we should pre­ a sound decision. What we need most now is The architectural challenge of this devel­ serve this mechanism to provide continu­ to develop existing and new energy resources. opment lies in the nature of the Christian ous oversight, and review over the exist­ We a.re too dependent upon 1foreign oil as it community we seek to build. Hopefully it ing and projected budgets and programs is, and the strip mine bill would make it will be a truly contemporary community in of the numerous Federal agencies in­ dlffi.cult, lf not impossible, to make use of our which the human dynamic is echoed by its volved in drug abuse treatment and pre­ most abundant energy resourc~oal. environment. In the design of the church, Mr. Ford pointed out in Tuesday's veto we especially seek to have the long history vention. message that the strip mine bill would throw and precious tradition of Greek Orthodoxy Presently, there are 16 agencies with­ a.bout 36,000 people out of work, raise the interpreted. Imitation of history in our day in the Federal Government which have cost of electricity to the consumer; increase and age is no longer relevant, but its proper mandates in the field of drug abuse our dependence on foreign oil, and reduce interpretation can signify the role which our treatment and prevention. There are coal production when more output is needed. ancient faith plays in the contemporary age. five within HEW, the largest of which is Moreover, the bill is ambiguous and contains cumbersome enforcement provisions. Dr. Peter E. Georgeson of Franklin, the National Institute of Drug Abuse­ NIDA; three within the Department of Twenty-one states producing 90 per cent Mich., president of the parish council, of the nation's coal already regulate strip indicated that the dimensions of the pro­ Justice, including the Bureau of Prisons, mining and require restoration of strip mined posed future development of the Holy Law Enforcement Assistance Adminis­ land. The federal measure would be overkill. Cross Greek Orthodox Church exceed tration-LEAA, and the Drug· Enforce­ Frank Za.rb, federal energy administrator, anything undertaken by a Greek Ortho­ ment Administration-DEA; and finally, estimates that the legislation would reduce dox community in the United States. there are eight agencies spread through­ coal production by between 40 million and "We cannot look outside the parish for out the rest of the executive, notably in 162 million tons a year, depending on inter­ the Department of Defense and the Vet­ pretation of the ambiguous provisions. For the strength to grow," the dynamic every 50 million tons of coal not mined, the young president of Holy Cross, said. erans' Administration. Together, these nation will have to substitute 215 mlllion We rely on the intense involvement and agencies have a projected budget for :fis­ barrels of oil a year at a cost of $2.3 billion. commitment of our members. A seven-day cal year 1976 of over $443 million. It Why should we pay foreign oll producers for week operation is only noteworthy when such would be pennywise and pound foolish energy which is available at home and at activity meets the needs and absorbs the to abolish this office and thereby elimi­ a much lower cost? Further, as the nation re­ energies of the majority of members. This is nate a central coordinating body which covers from the recession, our energy de­ the root and source of our success thus far. would both encourage research and pro­ mands will increase. Since Congress seems less and less likely It is with great pride and honor that vide the communication and general to enact a comprehensive energy bill this I call this achievement of these Greek program design independent of any one year, it is all the more important that the American friends to the attention of my agency's parochial interests. In addition, veto of the strip mining blll should be colleagues. I know them as hard-working the Office of Drug Policy will have co­ sustained. and dedicated people proud to be Ameri­ ordinating responsibilities over the vari­ cans, yet also proud of their Greek heri­ ous State and local drug programs op­ tage. They are good citizens. I am proud erating throughout the country. OIL TAX to claim them as my friends. I am con­ Hearings have been scheduled for fident they will realize their goals for early next week before the Health Sub­ Holy Cross Greek Orthodox Church. committee of Interstate and Foreign HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER Commerce. I hope my colleagues will join OF WISCONSIN the chairman and me in facilitating the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quick passage of this bill. Wednesday, June 4, 1975 THE NEED FOR COORDINATION IN THE FEDERAL DRUG PROGRAM Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, considerable congressional op­ SUSTAIN THE STRIP MINING VETO position greeted President Ford's deci­ sion to impose the second $1 tariff on HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER each barrel of imported oil. In reflecting OF NEW YORK HON. TOM BEVILL upon this action, I think it important to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF ALABAMA keep in mind the conditions which Wednesday, June 4, 1975 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prompted the President's de.cision. It is now nearly a year and half since Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, few if Wednesday, June 4, 1975 the Arab oil embargo brought into sharp any problems in America today are as Mr. BEVILL. Mr. Speaker, almost ev­ focus the energy crisis. It is 4 months pernicious as drug abuse. And the prob­ eryone agrees that this Nation should since the President's announcement of lem is getting worse. The current eco­ do everything possible to become self­ his own energy program. We sorely need nomic crisis and its consequences-mas­ suffi.cient in the production of energy, a comprehensive energy policy-one that sive unemployment and the resulting just as quickly as we can. To accomplish discourages waste and encourages do­ anxiety, frustration, and alienation­ this, I submit that we must make greater mestic production. Yet Congress has, only serve to feed the problem. No one use of our most abundant energy re­ thus far, shown itself unwilling to make doubts the need for an overall compre­ source, coal. the tough decisions that must be made hensive plan of attack. Yet the adminis­ I believe that H.R. 25 would restrict the if we are to make serious strides toward tration recommends that the Special production of coal and I feel the Presi- energy self-sufficiency. June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17141 The Sheboygan Press in a thoughtful nation at the close of the Second World increase consumer costs and unemployment. editorial has placed in proper perspec· War and it stands today despite constant Common Ca.use does not agree. Coal prices are not established on the basis tive the factors which led Mr. Ford to pressure from internal extremist groups of reclamation costs but by other factors, es­ his announcement of last week. I com­ and an economy never fully recovered pecially the pdce of foreign oil. The jobs mend this article to my colleagues: from the ravages of World War II. created by the blll's reclamation require­ Qn. TAX Even with the constant turmoil which ments wlll result in a net gain in employ­ President Ford displayed his concern for has enveloped the Republic of Italy since ment, according to former Secretary of the energy consumption and his impatience with its foundation, the Italian people have Interior Rogers C. B. Morton. the Congress when he announced that he continued their long tradition of supply­ The Surface Mining Control and Reclama­ might add another $1 per barrel oil import ing the world with leadership in the tion Act of 1975 ls the result of years of tax. ha.rd and thoughtful work by Congress. It fields of art, literature and music. From ts a moderate bill that strikes a careful bal­ His concern and impatience are both Michelangelo to Vittorio De Sica, from justified. ance between energy and environmental in­ Federal Energy Admin1strator Frank G. Benedetto Croce to Enrico Caruso, from terests. Enactment of the bill will give citi­ Zarb insists the crisis today ls worse than Giuseppe Verde to Giuseppe Lampedusa, zens confidence that increased domestic coal during the Arab oil embargo of 1973-74. He the rich cultural heritage of the Italian production w1ll not ravage our national land­ notes that domestic production ts down, we people has served as an example of man's scape. currently import 38 percent of our petro­ highest achievements. Sincerely, leum needs, and that the percentage will DAVID COHEN, Mr. Speaker, I am proud of my own President. rise to 40 per cent. "Another embargo, which Italian heritage and it is with extreme we could have at any time, would be more crippling than the first," he recently told personal pleasure that I salute the Ital­ U.S. News and World Report. Speculating on ian Republic. the possibllity of another embargo, Mr. Zarb . H.R. 6860 said the Arab nations. would not hesitate if they feel it necessary to achieve their goals in the Mideast. COMMON CAUSE SUPPORT VETO HON. WILLIAM J. GREEN The President's concern ls that the short­ OVERRIDE ON H.R. 25 ages of past years have not impressed the OF PENNSYLVANIA consuming public. His contention ls that a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $1 per barrel increase in the form of an Wednesday, June 4, 1975 import tax would have at least a slight effect HON. ALAN STEELMAN on the continually increasing demand. Esti­ OF TEXAS Mr. GREEN. Mr. Speaker, under sec­ mates are that the tax would add one and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion 532 of H.R. 6860, the proposed En­ a quarter cents to the cost of a gallon of ergy Conservation and Conversion Act of gasoline. Wednesday, June 4, 1975 1975, the investment credit would be Mr. Ford's impatience with Congress was explained by a White House spokesman who Mr. STEELMAN. Mr. Speaker, Com­ eliminated for electrical generating noted that Congress received a White House mon Cause has done a very good job in property fueled by petroleum or petro­ energy package in January. There ls a lack succinctly presenting the basic argu­ leum products-including natural gas. of Congressional consensus on that legisla­ ments for H.R. 25, the Surface Mining This amendment would apply to property tion or any other programs generated within Control and Reclamation Act of 1975, in placed in service after April 17, 1975, Congress. No progress has been made and a letter I received June 4. unless certain exceptions not pertinent prospects for it are slim. As the letter states: here were applicable or unless the prop­ The $1 tax admittedly would have its ef­ erty were constructed or acquired pur­ fects on economic recovery, as its opponents The Congress did an excellent job in bal­ contend. It would also have its effects in ancing our national interests in increased suant to a contract which was, on that slowing infia.tlon. Under those circumstances, domestic coal production and reasonable en­ date and at all times thereafter, "bind­ whatever recovery ts made would be a gen­ vironmental protection. ing on the taxpayer." uine recovery made under the structures of I commend the letter to my colleagues The e:f!ect of the requirement that the realistic petroleum use as dictated by the as just one more expression of broad contract be binding on the taxpayer is to price. limit this exception to cases in which the There ts nothing magic about the $1 per public support for e:f!ective strip-mining control. user of the equipment claims the invest­ barrel tax any more than there would be for ment credit for it. However, the acquisi­ a $2 or $3 tax. Economic analysts will for­ The text of the letter follows: ever argue about the relative impact of ea.ch. JUNE 4, 1975. tion of electrical generating property and The fa.ct ls that Congress has done nothing Hon. ALAN STEELMAN, other capital equipment often is financed and Mr. Ford would be justified in ta.king House of Representatives, Cannon House Of­ by leasing transactions in which the con­ his own authorized action until it does. fice Building, Washington, D.C. tract for the purchase or construction of DEAR REPRESENTATIVE STEELMAN: I am writ­ that equipment is assigned to a financial ing to inform you that Common Ca.use sup­ institution or group of :financial institu­ ports a Congressional override of President tions and they then lease the equipment A SALUTE TO THE REPUBLIC OF Ford's veto of the Surface M1n1ng Control and Reclamation Act of 1975 (H.R. 25) . In back to the contracting party. In such ITALY enacting this blli, Congress did an excellent transactions, the investment credit fre­ job in balancing our national interests in quently is taken by the :financial institu­ increased domestic coal production and rea­ tions. The "binding contract" exception HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. sonable environmental protection. in section 532, as it now stands, would OF NEW JERSEY The need for a comprehensive federal­ not allow them the credit for electrical IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sta.te program to regulate coal strip mining generating property placed in service af­ is clear. The absence of such a program has ter April 17, 1975, even though there was Wednesday, June 4, 1975 allowed the coal industry to ravage over a million acres in Appalachia. and other areas a clear commitment to acquire the prop­ Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, I would erty on that date, because the contract like to call my colleagues' attention to of the country and leave deep and permanent scars upon the national landscape. for it technically was not in their names. the 29th anniversary of the founding of Common Ca.use favors increased use of This problem has been dealt with in the Italian Republic which Italians all coal, our most abundant domestic energy prior legislation restricting the scope of over the world celebrated on June 2, source, as a means to limit our dependence 1975. . the investment credit by adding a special on foreign energy sources. With tough health rule making the "binding contract" ex­ This is a very special day to people of and environmental safeguards, coal can be ception applicable to lease back transac­ Italian descent, for it was on June 2, mined safely and burned cleanly. The expe­ 1946, that the Italian people rid them­ rience in Pennsylvania indicates that enact­ tions. Thus, section 604(b) (2) of Public selves of the final vestiges of a Fascist ment of the strip mlnlng control blli should Law 94-12, which limited the investment increase coal production by ending industry credit for drilling rigs to those used in regime and established the Italian Re­ uncertainty about the ground rules for strip public. mining. the northern part of the Western Hemi­ This Republican form of government Federal Energy Administrator Frank G. sphere, granted an exception for rigs withstood the bitter struggle of the Ital- Zarb, in presenting the Administration case constructed or acquired pursuant to a ian people to rebuild their devastated against the blll, claimed that the bfil would contract binding on the taxpayer on and 17142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 after April l, 1974. But paragraph (3) service. Seventeen Shriner temples in waved to the crowd as they strolled along of that section provided, as follows: the Northeast support the Springfield dressed in red satin Arabic costumes. Certain lease-back transactions, etc. Where According to Norman R. Vester, chairman Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children. of the anniversary celebration, two of the a. person who ls a party to a binding contract Since the hospital accepts no payment described in paragraph (2) transfers rights original 12 patients to stay at the Shriners from parents or third parties and no Hospital also attended the 2 p.m. event. in such contract (or in the property to which money from the Government, these such contract relates) to another person l>ut John E. Brink of Chicopee Falls and Earl a party to such contract retains a right to temples are to be commended for their Barber of Miami, Fla., were among the spec­ use the property under a lease with such fundraising efforts which make the work tators. other person, then to the extent of the of this facility possible. Coordination of "It was definitely one of our most success­ transferred rights such other person shall, fundraising efforts provides many hours ful events," Vester said. "Everyone came out for purposes of paragraph (2), succeed to the of work for the Shriners hospital board to show their enthusiasm and support which position of the transferor with respect to makes us feel great." of governors and its chairman, Carl B. Vester said shriners from the 17 temples such binding contract and such property. Martin. The famous Shriners• parades The preceding sentence shall apply, in any in the northeast which support the Spring­ case in which the lessor does not make an and circus provide fun for thousands of field unit traveled Saturday and Sunday to election under section 48(d) of the Internal children and parents and the money goes participate. Revenue Code of 1954, only 1f a party to such to this worthy cause. The Shriners' effort The Springfield hospital accepts patients contract retains a right to use the property is truly one in which everyone wins. from New England, New York State and for­ under a long-term lease. My hometown of Springfield is es­ eign countries. The anniversary celebrations culminated This language has been used in other pecially proud of the local Shriners Sunday night at a banquet attended by more statutes narrowing the scope of the in­ Melha Temple which is closely connected than 1,000 persons at the Springfield Civic vestment credit and a similar rule should with the children's hospital. The job they Center. be considered to the provisions relating do of assisting a complex medical center Among the guests were Springfield Mayor to the effective date of the amendment is nothing short of amazing. Each mem­ W1lliam C. Sullivan, U.S. Rep. Edward P. ber donates hundreds of hours a year to Boland, D-Springfield, and two national im­ eliminating the investment credit for perial shriner ofiicers, Sir Peter Val Preda electrical generating property fueled by help these crippled children. The whole city of Springfield is very proud of its and Jacob Wingerter. oil and gas and other petroleum products. Melha Temple. Toastmaster Carl B. Martin, Jr., chairman Accordingly, I may offer the aforemen­ o! the hospital's Board of Governors, greeted tioned language as an amendment add­ I recently had the honor of attending the crowd which also included doctors, ing a new subparagraph 4 to section 532 a celebration organized by Norman R. nurses and other hospital personnel. Cb) of H.R. 6860, the Energy Conserva­ Vester, past potentate and general an­ Boland congratulated the shriners for their tion and Conversion Act of 1975. niversary chairman, that marked the work done in the past 50 years. 50th anniversary of the Shriners hos­ "Their work ls familiar to everyone," Bo­ I shall do so only if I am convinced land said. "It ls a labor of love for them and that such a proposal is in the interest pital and to see some of the children they are helping. It was a moving sight to see they a.re appreciated by so many people." of the general public by benefiting the Imperial Chief Rabban Val Preda told the consumers affected by such arrange­ some of the children thank the Shriners crowd, "we as shriners have a special task ments. This matter is technical and has who have provided the hospital. and that ls to dedicate ourselves to children been presented to me as an oversight as The hospital, the Shriners, and the who cannot ca.re for themselves." business was closing this day, the last children all add up to an affirmation of the best qualities in man. I congratulate day to serve this notice. SHRINERS HOSPITAL: 50 YEARS OF CARING FOR the Shriners Hospital for Crippled Chil­ CHILDREN dren on 50 fine years and wish them many more. (By Neal Weinberg) &lveral years ago, a girl who had severe SHRINERS HOSPITAL FOR CRIP­ Mr. Speaker, at this point I would like paralysis and severe curvature of the spine PLED CHILDREN CELEBRATES 50 to insert two articles into the RECORD. from polio and who was totally unable to YEARS OF SERVICE IN SPRING­ One is from a commendable supple­ walk, was admitted to Shriners Hospital !or FIELD, MASS. ment that the Springfield Republican as­ Crippled Children in Springfield. sembled to note this anniversary and After multiple surgical procedures, bracing which outlines the history of this Shrin­ and physiotherapy, she was seen by Dr. James HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND ers hospital. The other artiele, from the D. Fisher, current chief surgeon, and Dr. OF MASSACHUSETTS Garry DeN. Hough Jr., then chief surgeon, Spingfield Union, relates the story of the walking slowly and with a great deal o! IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES happy 50th anniversary celebration. dlfllculty down the corridor on her way home Wednesday, June 4, 1975 The articles follows : from the hospital. CRIPPLED CHILDREN THANK SHRINERS FOR Am Hough turned to Fisher and said the girl Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, 1975 was a perfect example of the idea that "every­ marks a great anniversary for one of (By Ann Doyle) A white piece of cardboard dangled from thing is relative." the finest charitable institutions that I the back of a red truck, decorated with "Most people would look at her and say know. I am speaking of the 50th anni­ motley-colored papier-mache flowers and 'What a pity.' You and I look at her and say: versary of the Shriners Hospital for toys. 'Isn't it wonderful, she's walking.' " Crippled Children in Springfield, Mass. In childish scrawl, 60 girls and boys who Today, the Shriners Hospital celebrates This remarkable hospital has been live in Springfield had signed their names. its 50th year of helping crippled children to helping crippled children from New Eng­ Printed in blue ink across the top was walk. "thank you shriners for everything." ' During the pa.st half century, the hospital land, New York, and foreign countries that accepts no payment from parents or learn to walk, create, and enjoy life in It was a simple way o! saying thanks to the Springfield Melha Temple Shriners who third parties and no money from the govern­ a way that they might have thought celebrated their 50th year of helping crippled ment, has cured or materially helped more impossible. To date they have provided children Sunday. than 15,000 patients. All 22 Shriners Hospitals in North America medical and therapeutic care to nearly About 2500 shriners from New England and 200,000 youngsters. Afilicted children and are owned and operated by the Ancient Ara­ upstate New York participated in the anni­ bic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. their parents in the Northeast have long versary para.de which began at Van Sickle The 900,000 Shriners annually raise more looked to the Springfield Shriners Hos­ Junior High School on Carew Street and than $30 milllon to operate the hospitals. pital for help and have always found an closed at the Shriners Hospital for Crippled The money comes from an annual assessment open door. This hospital, administered Children. on the individual Shriners, from wills and ably by Madeline H. Murphy, provides a &lated under tents on the lawn of the bequests, from events like the North-South much-needed facility for families un­ Carew Street home, the children and more Shrine Football game, and from donations than 800 spectators applauded as the deco­ by non-Shrlners. able to afford treatment. With the spon­ rated vehicle passed by driven by Parade sorship of a Shriner, a child is given the The annual operating budget of the Spring• Marshall Robert Nothacker, a. past potentate. field unit ls more than $1 million. care of the hospital's professional staff Applause and cheers continued as an ar­ Shrlners Hospitals accept children of any and receives the aid of the best equip­ ray or happy and sad clowns, highland race, color or creed who can not afford to ment and techniques. dancers, drummers and horsemen paraded pay and who can be materially helped by The Shriners themselves must be sa­ before the crowd. treatment. luted for this half-century of unselfish The Oriental Shriners from Troy, N.Y., The Springfield unit accepts patients from June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS 17,143 New England, most of New York State and Fisher is chief surgeon at the hospital. needs all the stimulus it can get; and from foreign countries. Dr. Leon M. Kruger and Garry DeN. Hough, given the present administration's fore­ To be accepted a patient must be referred ill, are assistant chief surgeons. cast of intolerably high unemployment by a physician and must be sponsored by a There is a staff of seven orthopedic sur­ Shriner. geons and a large number of consultant through the end of this decade, one must But if a patient comes to an out-patient physicians in diverse areas and all serve wonder what they consider an improved clinic at the hospital and if the condition on a voluntary basis. economy to be. FUrthermore, the Presi­ meets medical requirements, the patient is The hospital has been recognized by the dent did not express any concern for the given an application. National Research Council in respect to its budgetary imbalance when the House If the patient doesn't know a Shriner, the juvenile amputee clinic which is conducted voted to give the Defense Department an application can be malled in and a Shriner twice a month. additional $5 billion over the present from Springfield wlll sponsor the child, Dr. About 80 children a week attend out­ authorization level for the procurement Fisher said. patient clinics scheduled for Wednesday and The hospital is situated on a 6.5 acre site Thursday mornings. of new weapons systems, nor did he ex­ on the crest of a hill on Carew Street in Once a week there is also a scoliosis clinic press concern over that portion of the Springfield. The land was donated by Spring­ and a myelodysplasa or open spine clinic is deficit due to the large military increase. field's Melha Temple. At dedication cere­ scheduled once a month. I submit that this Congress must get monies for the hospital, the site was named, In addition, part of the staff goes to north­ its priorities straightened out. Its highest "The Hill of Smiles." ern Maine every June and to Utica, N.Y., priority ought to be the people and their The hospital contains 60 beds, 30 in the every October, to save families from making welfare, no abstract economic principles. boys ward and 30 in the girls ward. There the long trip to Springfield. The economy exists for the sake of the is currently a waiting list of more than 100 Fisher said the hospital has been "blessed" children. to have a group of men and women who give people, and not the people for the sake of Each ward is fully equipped with modern time from their busy practices to help in economy. If the Congress is not willing or facilities including a centralized nursing diagnosis, clinics and treatment. able to work for the people and give them station and a large television set. The Shriners Hospital has a special mean­ what they need, then the people of this The southern Colonial style brick build­ ing for those who are associated with it. country are going to have to organize and ing has two floors, the lower of which has Fisher said, "The hospital has been my life. give the Congress the direction it is so several ramps. It is the most gratifying experience any sadly lacking. There is also a nurses building, adminis­ physician could ask for." tration section, kitchen, pharmacy, school­ If we in the Congress are not able to room, recreation room, out-patient area, pass a jobs bill in the midst of a depres­ physiotherapy room, operating room, brace sion, then of what use are we? shop, and other medical rooms. WHY A JOBS BILL VETO IN A An enclosed porch extends the full length DEPRESSION? of both wards, allowing patients to be pushed out into the sunshine on warm days, and THE DEFENSE BUDGET has a large playground and tennis court in HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. the rear. Built for a.bout $300,000, the hospital has OF MICHIGAN undergone several major improvements over IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. ANTHONY TOBY MOFFETT OF CONNECTICUT the years. Wednesday, June 4, 1975 The feature that strikes a visitor to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Shriners Hospital is the smiles on the faces Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, I am Wednesday, June 4, 1975 of the children, the laughter heard coming shocked by the failure of the House of from different parts of the hospital and a Representatives this afternoon to dem­ Mr. MOFFETT. Mr. Speaker, since the general mood of brightness and hope. onstrate our resolve to act decisively in beginning of this session, concern has The hospital treats both orthopedic prob­ the face of the current economic depres­ poured forth from every comer of this lems like curvature of the spine and con­ Chamber, from Democrat and Repub­ genital malformations, and neurological sion and override President Ford's veto diseases like cerebral palsy and muscular of the emergency jobs bill which we lican, from young and old, about the dystrophy, Fisher said. passed by a vote of 293 to 109 in this spiraling deficit, wasteful Government There has been a vast change in the types Chamber. spending, and the legacy of infiation we of cases at the hospital over the past 50 The present bill did not even scratch are leaving to future generations. years, he said. the surface of the unemployment crisis. And yet, when this body debated the When the hospital first opened, the num­ It would have reached only a small pro­ recent weapons procurement authoriza­ ber of orthopedic surgeons in the area was portion of the total number of people tion, very little was heard from those relatively small. Many of the cases handled who fashion themselves as fiscal con­ by the Springfield unit were relatively un­ who stand in serious need of jobs, but complicated ones such as clubfeet, congeni­ at least it would have helped those peo­ servatives. They seemed unable to apply tal dislocation of the hips, and many cases ple. Why isn't this administration, or the same rigorous scrutiny to defense of tuberculosis of the bone and poliomyeli­ just possibly this Congress, willing to programs that they constantly urge for tis. give jobs to at least some of the people social security, health research, educa· But tuberculosis of the bone and polio have who need them? Where are the sensiblli­ tion, or public works programs. I am con­ been virtually wiped out. ties of our leaders? If they are not con­ fident that such scrutiny would lead to And uncomplicated cases of clubfoot and cerned with people and their needs, then the inescapable conclusion that a num­ dislocated hip are often treated by other ber of our defense programs are not only surgeons. what are they concerned with? "Consequently the patients admitted at What irony. Many of those who regu­ wasteful and unnecessary, but in fact the present time consist largely of those with larly extol the value of work and decry counterproductive and crippling. The birth defects with a severe degree of de­ the large numbers of people receiving simple economic reality is that each dol­ formity and paralysis of one type or another, public assistance would now deny others lar wasted on obsolete, superfluous weap­ 1n addition to extremely difficult cases of their basic human right to work by de­ ons programs subtracts from the amount clubfoot and dislocated hip that in all prob­ f eating legislation which would give un­ of money available for valid, worthwhile ability have had surgical procedures else­ programs, m111tary or otherwise. where before being referred to our institu­ employed people jobs. They would appar­ tion," Fisher said. ently prefer to see people languish on So, aside from a reduction in our real When the hospital accepts patients it does welfare, starve, or steal than to have a military strength, the bloated defense so on the basis of setting a goal for the chance for gainful employment. budget represents a severe blow to the patient. The President's stated reason for -veto­ general economy. On purely economic Sometimes a patient is admitted for simple ing the bill was that it would have terms, we must recognire the fact that surgery for ease of nursing ca.re. In other created a budgetary imbalance and would defense spending is not at all a bargain cases, if a patient can't sit, the goal is to have stimulated the economy too much in terms of economic stimulus. Studies get the patient to sit. U the patient can't at a time when it is expected to be show­ have proven that military spending pro­ walk, the goal is to get the patient to walk. duces far less jobs than almost any other It's all relative, Fisher said. ing significant improvement. Yet the The hospital performed more than 300 United States has been experiencing an type of Federal spending. It is also much operations last year, but not a.11 patients are economic decline for more than the past more in:fiattonary than Government ex­ operated on. Many receive only physlos­ year, with high unemployment and a real penditure in general, since defense work­ ophy treatments, he said. decrease in productivity. The cour.try ers earn money for producing goods 17144 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 which never enter the mainstream of the pion, the chairman and chief executive Annual Meetings of the Economic Develop­ economy, and thus cannot be bought. officer of the Economic Development ment Council and the Chamber of Commerce Many of my colleagues seemed to view Council of New York City, on why a and Industry, which have both been dedi­ cated to the causes of good citizenship in the weapans procurement vote as a test growing number of our Nation's largest New York City. Ea.ch has made a very real of whether or not we will stand firm in cities, including New York City, now find contribution to a better New York and has the world. I suggest that it was indeed themselves in severe financial straits. In­ developed particular skills which, in many a test-a test of the consistency of those creases in local tax burdens borne by ways, complement each other. Through the wh'o have long urged cuts in wasteful both individuals and businesses for which sharing of these skUls, I am confident a m ore Federal spending. It is inexcusable that most of those individuals work, depar­ effective and useful contribution will be this Congress felt it necessary to rubber­ ture from the cities of headquarters oper­ made in the years ahead by these splendid organizations. s tamp the weapons bill out of a feeling ations because of the high costs of doing One of the toughest jobs in America, it is that we have to send a signal to the rest business in those cities, the resulting de­ widely agreed, is that of the Mayor of New of the world. parture of taxpaying resident.5 and the York City. Particularly at this time, we must What kind of a signal are we trying then inevitable shift in ration between realize that Mayor Abraham D. Beame has to send? And why are we not so con­ tax-generating residents and tax-con­ inherited not only the usual problems but a. cerned about the negative messages we suming residents, and the unfortunate mountainous accumulation of built-in in­ are sending now? What kind of a signal yielding of local governments to the de­ creases in salaries, services, a n d programs that must someh ow be brought under con­ do we send the rest of the world when mands of nearly every special interest trol. t hey see that we are unable to put people group seeking to have a "greater cut of New York's curr ent fiscal crisis was years to work solving our domestic problems? the pie" without realizing that the pie is in the ma.king a n d it w ill take years to re­ What kind of a message do we send forth often limited-these are among the ma­ solve. But it can be r esolved if we, as citi­ about our national strength as we pro­ jor causes for these cities now facing zens, look closely in to t h e causes of the crisis. duce more and more c'Ollege graduates virtual bankruptcy. It is vital, therefore, that we avoid recrimi­ for the unemployment lines? What kind But, as Mr. Champion points out in nation and blame-fixing. We must under­ of a signal do we send when the world his remarks of May 27 before the an­ stand Mayor Beame's problems and support his valiant efforts to deal with them on a learns that many of our senior citizens nual meeting of the Economic Develop­ practical and realistic basis. who have worked hard all their lives are ment Council and the New York Cham­ In its fiscal manifestations, the dimensions now eating cat food to ·stay alive? What ber of Commerce and Industry, those of the crisis are clearly drawn. Dur.Ing the kind of impression do we create abt>ut specific points appear to have the same last ten fiscal years, the City's budget has our national resolve when we have citi­ basic cause: A major change in public tripled from $4.1 billion to $12.6 billion. zens working 1 month out of every and governmental motivation. More Total local government labor costs have in­ year just to pay their health bills? What specifically, we have drifted into an era creased from $2.4 billion to $6.5 billion. And, kind of world image do we gain from of government by pressure group and failing to stay wit hin its budgets, the City to has increased its total indebtedness from our failure develop adequate public special interests-well organized, mobi­ $5.4 billion in fiscal 1969 to over $13.4 billion transportation or housing? lized, and vociferous. The only thing in 1975. One cannot blame the rest of the which has changed in recent years is the These trends have exerted a heavily ad­ world for wondering if the only message special groups to which governments are verse impact on the City's entire economy­ we are capable of sending is one delivered reacting. The general interest, the com­ pa.rticularly on employment in the private through arms or the presence of our mon good is still too often put to the sector. Soaring governmental costs and taxes troops overseas. Our defense budget re­ side. have discouraged business investment to flects tragically shallow and misguided such an extent that, since 1969, the City's Mr. Champion has been at the fore­ economy has suffered a loss of more than assumptions about the role t>f America front of helping people help themselves­ 400,000 private sector jobs, bringing the in the world. Many of the amendments resolving the problems of jobs, income, total to less than 3 million for the first time aimed at trimming some of the fat out of productivity, and economic mobility in many years. our defense budget, all of which were de­ through reliance on the resources in­ "Government by Pressure Group." Cutting feated, were quite reasonable in terms herent in private initiative. through a number of contributing factors, of our national security, and vital in As a distinguished and successful man we find that the root ca.use of the crisis can terms of our national econ'Omy. Had of finance, serving from 1961 to 1969 as best be defined as a major change in public and governmental motivation. Somehow we these measures passed, they would have chairman of the board of Chase Man­ have drifted into an era of "government by asked the generals and admirals to hattan, he has taken the time to act pressure group" in this city. Special inter­ tighten their belts like the rest of us. upon-not just talk about-our real, hu­ ests-well organized, mobilized, and vocifer­ Such action would also have sent a sig­ man economic problems. For example, rous-make demands which government nal to the rest of the world that our his efforts through the Economic De­ finds it ha.rd to refuse. foreign policy will be based not only on velopment Council of New York City These demands include everything from the size •of our defense budget but on have led to improved efficiency in the City government salaries, pensions, and good sense and humility as well. fringe benefits to welfare, education (includ­ administration of New York City gov­ ing higher education), health services, hous­ ernment, to innovative efforts to keep ing, and many other areas where public business and jobs in the New York City funds or subsidies give special favor to a area, and to assist minorities with "how­ limlted number. Many programs begin at GEORGE CHAMPION OF THE ECO­ to" information and opportunities for relatively modest cost, then mushroom into NOMIC DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL loans to sustain private and community great and growing "built-in" budget in­ OF NEW YORK CITY SPEAKS TO efforts. creases. City pension costs (including Social THE "FORGOTTEN MAJORITY" He has also raised vast sums for chari­ Security) have risen from $380 million a year in fiscal 1967 to $1.2 billion in 1975. Dur­ table purposes. ing the same period, the cost of higher edu­ HON. JACK F. KEMP And, he is a true patriot, deeply com­ cation, spurred by community college ex­ mitted to the principles which con­ pansion and "open enrollment," has increased OF NEW YORK stituted the spirit of Philadelphia 200 from $181.6 million a year to $612.7 million. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years ago and which are as valid today as In these and many other cases, the bene­ Wednesday, June 4, 1975 they were then. fits have accrued to a comparatively small Mr. Speaker, I think Mr. Champion's segment of the population but the costs have Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, it is encour­ remarks are worthy of the attention fallen upon all. In short, the concept of the aging to those in the Congress who are "greatest good for the greatest number" is of all my colleagues. We already have giving way to an attitude best para.phrased active in the struggle to stop the ero­ us, as sion of economic freedom occasioned by before the National Legislature, as: "Ask not whe.t you can do for your city­ the growth of Government intervention with proposals to assist those cities bor­ ask what it can do for you." All in all, then, in the economic affairs of the people to dering on bankruptcy. His remarks are, we are seeing omens which are far from fa­ within that context, most timely: vorable to the future of responsible self­ learn of efforts being made by private government--in the cities and in the country citizens to attain the mutual objective THE FORGOTTEN MA.JORrrY as a whole. of restoring that economic freedom. (By George Champion) Moreover, there is no longer anything I recently had an opportunity to read I am delighted by the opportunity to say "modest" a.bout local government as a fac­ the timely remarks of Mr. George Cham- a few words at this historic occasion of the tor in the national economy. Some City de- June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17145 partments and agencies have become "big the city's entire economy derives its vitality. done our part in :finding the facts, defining businesses" with budgets of more than $2 All employment, private and public, dependS the issues, and bringing them to public at• billion a year. And local government itself is in the la.st analysis on .the taxes on which the tention. This is one of the obligations of the nation's foremost "growth industry." Its city relies for most of its revenues. For this business citizenship--especially in this time cost rose from $13.4 billion to $127 billion reason, I would expect the civic reawakening of crisis when the city's future and the ve_ry between 1948 and 1973 and its total employ­ to include a good many of our city em­ likelihood of so many of its people are in ment increased from 3 million to 8.5 million. ployees. Our Task Force experience has shown jeopardy. Reorganization and Efficiency in Govern­ that the great majority of them are con­ In short, we must do everything we pos­ ment Operations. In helping the city in one scientious citizens-and they, ·i;oo, have rea­ sibly can to help make the silent majority vital area, the business community has al­ son to be concerned for their jobs and the a vocal one. Since most of them live, as well ready pioneered to a unique degree. EDC Task stability of their pension systems. as work, in New York, they may conceivably Forces, composed of managerial specialists Yet there is divisive movement a.foot to form study groups in offices, apartments and "on loan" full-time from member compa­ ca.st the blame for the fiscal crisis on the neighborhood. blocks. Given the facts, they nies, have demonstrated that business cap­ city's business and financial institutions. can support the Mayor in efforts to turn the abilities can be successfully applied to the This reflects the old ideas and attitudes of fiscal tide, to set goals, and determine priori­ reorganization and more efficient operation certain pressure group leaders to whom the ties in the use of funds for the best public of major City departments and agencies. "goodness" of government and the "badness" purposes. Major gains-and budgetary savings-have of business are cardinal assumptions. What, then, are the other ways in which been made by Task Forces in the City's huge Let us take a good look at that question. the business community can put its shoulder Human Resources Administration, in the In its lost of 400,000 private sector jobs since to the wheel and help turn the city back business administration of the Board of 1969, the city has seen a serious decline in on the road to economic and social progress? Education, and in the administration of jus­ the number of companies who make New It is especially encouraging, I believe, to note tice in the courts of law. To help make edu­ York their headquarters. In a very real sense, the closer associa.tion of the Economic De­ cation more effective in New York's "inner such companies are being asked to pay a sub­ velopment Council and the New York Cham­ city" high schools, EDC's School Partnership stantial penalty for providing jobs and op­ ber of Commerce and Industry. This lends Program has been carried forward from four portunity for the city's people. Instead, there new strength to unified business action on demonstration high schools into a new is a very good case for treating them as vital urban issues at a very critical time. School Self-Renewal Process now being tested "guests" of the city-"paying guests" to be Here are some of the actions which business in eight schools with a. view to city-wide sure, but paying not more than they would can take. and eventual nation-wide application. be required to pay in other locations. We can, first of all, assure Mayor Bea.me All told, some 104 person-years of execu­ It is alleged that New York banks and and his associate officials that they will be tive time, valued at $2.6 million, have been corporations derive enormous profits from strongly supported in every move they make contributed to the Task Force programs since their operations in the city. This is sim­ to bring City expenditures into balance with 1969. Actual savings of $78 million a year ply not so. The ten major New York Clear­ the realities of the current fiscal crisis. How­ have so far been recorded while potential ad­ ing House banks operate nationally and in­ ever drastic some measures may seem, the ditional savings are estimated at $676 mil­ ternationally. Less than 20 percent of their Mayor, the City Council, and the Board of lion. This is a tremendous tribute to t.he business originates and a much smaller per­ Estimate will take encouragement from the public spirit and corporate good citizenship centage of their profits are made in New York business community and an increasing pro­ of the contributing companies. And it con­ City. The top New York-based insurance com­ portion of the majority-no longer forgotten firms my conviction that the overall efficiency panies write policies all over the country and or silent. of local government can be improved by at the world-a very minor percentage of their We can offer continued and increased busi­ least 30 percent. premiums come from New York City. Our ness Task Force assistance in the improved The Forgotten Majority-New Attitudes, industrial "headquarters" companies must, organization and management of the City's New Ideas. It should be noted that "govern­ of necessity, look for profit to their manu­ major departments and agencies. This prin­ ment by pressure group" involves a rela­ facturing and sales centers--outside New ciple has been taken out of the realm of tively small proporton of the city's popula­ York. theory and into the area of demonstrable tion-yet, by the skillful use of pressure The New York Stock Exchange generates fact. We shou1d note, however, tha.t the Task tactics, they exert a tremendous impact on employment for 70,000 persons directly and Force experience has revealed a great and the city's most vital decisions. This is one indirectly among its member firms, not to urgent need for increased executive capabil­ reason why New York so desperately needS mention thousandS more working in the ity, experience, and leadership in the top new attitudes and new ideas, involving the trust departments of banks which are the echelons of the City's managerial structure. great majority of its citizens in the decision­ transfer and registrar agencies. Investors out­ We can go further and we can, if request­ making process. side New York provide the overwhelming ed, find and recommend executive leaders What, then, of the forgotten majority­ proportion of its exchange business. Why who can do much, in a short time, to make those 3 million New Yorkers whose jobs in should they pay a higher price for transac­ New York a "model" of effective, responsive-­ the private sector depend on the city's con­ tions in this city when stock exchanges are and responsible-government. tinued economic strength and stability? beckoning for their business in other cities Finally, we can help to bring the City This has always been a great "city of oppor­ throughout the country? and the public closer together in setting tunity"-a beacon to untold millions of peo­ The banks have been criticized for not goals and determining priorities for New ple seeking only a chance to improve their supporting the city through the purchase York's future as a revitalized "city of oppor­ lives by their own efforts. Now the founda­ of its obligations. But it must be remembered tunity." This is not an "impossible dream... tions of opportunity and, indeed, employ­ that the total capitalization of the Clearing Every crisis contains the seedS of regenera­ ment are being eroded at a dismayingly rapid House banks is something under $8 billion. tion-and New York may well be ripe for a rate. And preliminary research indicates that The total debt of the City is over $13 billion, real turnaround in public and governmental about 70 percent of the 3 million live, as well of which about half is of a short-term na­ attitudes. as work, in New York. ture. Were the bank to undertake purchase Focal Point of National Policy. This is no Saying that "wealth comes only from pro­ of any appreciable amount of this for their time, to repeat, for recrimination and blame­ duction,'' Wllliam Graham Sumner long ago own account, the examining authorities fixing. Neither is it a time for cynicism and issued his unforgettable definition of "the would very properly be extremely critical. despair. It ls, instead, a time for candid and forgotten man"-who, "delving away in pa­ The size of the New York City debt has be­ hopeful reappraisal of the trends and poli­ tient industry, supporting his family, pay­ come so large and so much of it short term cies which have made New York a focal point ing his taxes, casting his vote . . . is the that it is not now within the capab111ties of of national decision. only one for whom there is no provision in the banks to finance it. This can only be New York has, in fact, become a testing the great scramble and the big divide ... He changed through the re-establishment of the ground of opposing philosophies. The con­ works, he votes, generally he prays-but he confidence of the investing public in the fi­ test lies between a continuing drift toward always pays ... All the burdens fall on :-_im­ nancial integrity of New York City. blind dependence on government-the ulti­ or on her, for the forgotten man is not Will the Forgotten Majority Raise Its mate triumph of the pressure groups-and a seldom a. woman." Voice? The forgotten majority has, until now, resurgence of the spirit of responsible citi­ Wi11 New York's forgotten majority awaken been a silent one. In most of the city's big­ zenship which, for 200 years, has made this in time to claim its own stak~ in the city and gest decisions, the majority has almost no its future? The approaching Bicentennial re­ voice. Appropriations, fiscal policies, collec­ country great and free. mindS us that, all through our 200 years, we tive bargaining contracts, and other far­ The idea that increased expenditures, have seen swings of corrective action in times reaching issues are largely determined on taxes, and debt will solve the problems of of crisis. And my confidence in our city, our the basis of expediency-"The wheel that the cities has been tried and found want­ country, and our people ls such that I believe squeaks the loudest gets the grease.'' ing. Policies intended for the public good a civic reawakening-a return to the prin­ Certainly there ha.s been a failure on the have seriously harmed the city and its peo­ ciples of citizen responsibility-may well be part of the city's leadership in all areas to ple. The "spending" concept is now an old at hand. see that the majority is properly informed. idea-and a tired one. It is time to give full It 1s from the private sector, after all, that And we of the business community have not rein to the really revolutionary idea. that 17146 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 Americans a.re flt to make their own choices and high school sports programs. He was which favor aggression against Israel. tn the management of their own affairs. New awarded the Citizen of the Year citation Yorkers-in meeting the basic issues of the A clear and credible declaration that the by the Yreka Chamber of Commerce. United States will not tolerate any sucb crisis-will be making a. true test of freedom Mr. Speaker, may I take this opportu­ 1n these Bicentennial times. aggression is the best deterrent against nity to extend to Jim LeBaron my heart­ aggression. iest congratulations and best wishes for Most observers agree that, with or every success in his new assignment. I am without a U.S. commitment, the Israelis JIM LEBARON, A PAUL BUNYAN confident that he will serve the associa­ will not succumb to aggression. Any at­ AMONG COLLECTORS, LEADS ACA tion with distinction during his tenure tack could lead to a fierce and bitter war, as the president. into which the United States might be drawn as an active participant. Ow best HON. HAROLD T. JOHNSON insurance against such an attack is to OF CALIFORNIA issue a notice in advance that our com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITMENT TO ISRAEL MUST mitment to Israel remains firm. REMAIN FIRM Wednesday, June 4, 1975 Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN Speaker, it is with a great deal of pleas­ THE 1975 FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE ure that I rise today to call to the a~ten­ OF MARYLAND OF TENO RONCALIO tion of my colleagues that an old friend, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES o. J. (Jim) LeBaron of Yreka, Calif.,~ Wednesday, June 4, 1975 become the 37th president of the Amen­ Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, in recent HON. TENO RONCALIO can Collectors Association ~hen this months we have seen a considerable de­ OF WYOMING global organization convenes its annual terioration in the international position IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES meeting at the end of this month in Sun of the United States, and a resultant Valley, Idaho. . . questioning of the ability of the United Wednesday, June 4, 1975 The American Collectors Association is States to fulfill our international com­ Mr. RONCALIO. Mr. Speaker, it is my an international association, composed of mitments and protect our allies from ag­ annual practice to publish in the CON­ more than 2,600 independent collecti?n gression. The fall of Cambodia, the GRESSIONAL RECORD a statement of income agencies, serving 11,000 communi~1es agony of South Vietnam, the consolida­ taxes paid for the previous year and a throughout the United States a~d f ore1~ tion of dictatorial control in Portugal­ current financial statement. countries. These agencies provide. cred1t­ all these lead to an impression of U.S. My return for taxable year 1974 has related services for approximately impotence in the face of aggression and been filed, and the following is a sum­ 900,000 professional, retail, and wholesale determination by our adversaries. mary of key information for the ''Indi­ credit granters. Despite these setbacks, the United vidual Income Tax Return" of Teno and Jim LeBaron, has been active in .this States remains powerful, both militarily Cecelia Roncalio of 3024 Capitol Avenue, industry for many years. He has received and politically. What we seem to lack is Cheyenne, Wyo.: the California Association of Collectors' the will to take a firm stand and hold Gross income: $60,947. highest industry awards, the C. Hugh fast to it. Words alone are not enough. Net taxable income: $22,019. McCarty award for outstanding achieve­ Clearly, if we are to restore our credibility Income truces pa.id: $7,147. ment in public service and civil responsi­ in the world, we must begin to designate Percentage of gross income: 11.7. bility, and the Richard J. Bullock award certain areas in the world in which our Income: for dedicated service to the collection national interest is clear enough to re­ \Vages ------$42,500 industry in the State of California. On Dividends ------2,569 new a credible commitment, and begin Interest ------9,880 the national level, he has received the acting in such a manner that doubts Other------5,998 highest award given by the American about the resolution of the United States Truces paid: Collectors Association, the Paul Bunyan will be dissipated. Real estate taxes paid______6, 373 citation. He is one of 28 throughout the One commitment which deserves re­ Home mortgage interest pa.id_____ 15, 600 Nation who ·have received this honor newal in no uncertain terms is the long­ Capital loss (maximum allowed) -- 1, 000 during the entire history of the standing U.S. commitment to the con­ My current financial srtaitement as of organization. tinued existence and integrity of Israel. June 3, 1975, is as follows: Furthermore, he has been awarded the This commitment has been part of our ASSETS status of "Certified Collector" by the In­ foreign policy for many years, and it Cash 1n banks ______$123,209.41 ternational Fellowship of Certified Col­ deserves to remain strong. A firm com­ lectors As such, he is one of a distin­ mitment to the integrity of Israel is the Checking accounts______8, 209. 41 guished and exclusive group totaling best hope for peace in the Middle East. Certificates of deposit______115, 000. 00 only 94 people throughout the world. Following the collapse of Secretary Stocks and bonds ______When one considers this record of Kissinger's last round of "shuttle diplo­ 43,745.00 service, as well as his dedicated efforts on macy" in the Middle East, it became 100 UP Corporation ______the American Collectors Association Na­ fashionable to wonder whether Israeli 7,800.00 tional Legislative Council, serving for 3 400 First National Bank of "intransigence" had contributed to the Glllette ------20,000.00 years as the council's chairman, you can failure of the talks. This talk of "intran­ 800 C. I. Mortgage Group ___ _ 1,320.00 appreciate the fact that not only have his sigence" is astounding in view of the fact 900 Portland Genera.I Electric_ 14,625.00 colleagues in the industry honored him that Israel was willing to make substan­ for his dedicated service to the industry tial concrete concessions, including the Life insurance, ca.sh values ____ _ 2,376.00 and the association, but they also have return of the Abu Rodeis oil fields, which face-value selected a man who will contribute tre­ supply half of Israel's energy, and con­ Prudential ------$5, 000. 00 1,028.00 Prudential ------5, 000. 00 551. 00 mendously toward the continued success siderable withdrawals in the Sinai-for Equitable ------1, 000. 00 797.00 of this organization and the industry it which it asked only a "nonuse of force" U.S. House of Rep- represents. declaration. Since then, Israel has volun- resentatives ---- 45, 000. 00 none I would also llke to comment on the tarily withdrawn its troops from some of fact that Jim LeBaron is a community­ these areas. Rea.I estate______------700,000.00 mlnded citizen. He served for 8 years as An unambiguous renewal of our atti­ councilman and mayor of his hometown tude toward Israel is especially important 5 acres unimproved commer­ of Yreka. He has been president of the for stability in that volatile part of the cial property in McLean, Va.., with home______600,000.00 Yreka Parent Teachers Association, he world. There can be little doubt that any Cheyenne, \Vyo., home ______60,000.00 has headed the Lion's Club, he has impression of a weakened U.S. commit­ Cheyenne Law Center, two chaired the Juvenile Justice Commission, ment to Israel would strengthen the commercial buildings ( 50- and has been active in local elementary hand of those elements in the Arab world percent ownership) ------40,000.00 June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17147 Automobiles ------fl. 400. 00 necessary appendages to already passed You embark on your naval careers in what legislation. Rather, they are critical com­ is, in one sense, the best of times and in 1965 Oldsmobile______600. 00 pletions of projects already well under­ another, the toughest of times. It is a good 1968 Volkswagen______800. 00 time in that the dissension and divisions that way and must be treated as such. Even plagued the Country in the recent past can Other assets: though my congressional district is geo­ be put behind us. Our Nation can now begin Two units, Jasmin Groves____ 00. 00 graphically distant from the two parks, anew with a revised sense of national pur­ 5/8 interest in 23 miles gold I feel that they are an integral part of pose and a restored sense of national unity. claims, Snake River (title my heritage, and the heritage of my con­ But it is a trying time for mllitary men now in litigation)------1. 00 stituents. The loss of ·so much of these because of America's historic tendency to irreplaceable treasures would be felt lower its guard during periods of relative Total assets______870, 731. 41 stability and in the absence of visible threats everywhere in the United States. to our national security. The need for your LIABILITIES In addition, the support of the two readiness, your vigilance and your sacrifice Notes payable to banks------88, 482. 00 bills will serve as a reminder to not only remain undiminished. Yet, under the circum­ the many private lumbering concerns stances, people are less likely to recognize First National Bank of who have threatened the existence of the that fa.ct. Gillette ------75,000.00 sequoias and redwoods in America, but In short, we are in an era of detente which American National Bank, also the Department of Interior, that is well for the world, but which makes our Cheyenne ------13,482.00 understanding of the mllitary role and our their activities have not gone unnoticed need for invincible strength infinitely more Real estate mortgages______155, 974. 00 by Congress. The bills will serve as a re­ important. Detente offers great opportunities minder that their activities have been for maintalnlng peace in the world. I applaud Mortgage on McLean acreage and home ______133,000.00 responsible for legislative reaction. the President and the Secretary of State as Therefore, it is with pleasure and a well as General Secretary Brezhnev and the Mortgage on Cheyenne Law sense of privilege that I join in the spon­ Soviet leaders for pursuing this course which Center ( 50-percent owner- sorship of the bills to enlarge the Sequoia can benefit both our peoples. ship) ------22,974.00 and Redwood National Parks. I. DETENTE AND MILITARY STRENGTH Total liabllities______244, 456. 00 And so I would like to address my remarks Net worth ______626,275.41 today to the critical relationship between de­ tente and our Nation's strength. An often unrecognized essential element in detente is GRADUATION AND COMMISSIONING the element of strength. This ls something CONSERVING OUR NATURAL CEREMONIES AT U.S. NAVAL ACAD­ that the President and the Secretary of State HERITAGE EMY understand full well. Detente can only be meaningful if we deal from strength, from a profound understanding of the realities of HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI HON. FRANK HORTON today's world and a clear sense of national OF NEW YORK purpose and determination. And we are high­ OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ly fortunate, indeed, to have, at this moment IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in history, a President who has such deep Wednesday, June 4, 1975 Wednesday, June 4, 1975 faith and belief in America and absolute Mr. ZEFERETI'I. Mr. Speaker, our courage and determination-together with a country possesses more than its share of Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, it was my Secretary of State who shares the President's privilege this morning to attend the grad­ understanding of America's role in the world spectacular natural resources. However, today. in the course of history, much of that uation and commissioning ceremonies at the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis From the beginning of our history, we have heritage has been destroyed, wasted, or Md. ' had to learn and relearn the lesson that fully exploited for other purposes. It is strength reduces the likelihood of war and because so much has been despoiled, that As one who has had a deep interest that weakness is an irresistible temptation it is imperative that we act to preserve in the Naval Academy over many years, to aggressors. George Washington counseled as much as possible of what is left. I can report with pride to my colleagues the Country long ago that, "To be prepared Several important measures have been that the caliber, morale, and dedication for war is one of the most effectual means of introduced in the House to continue the of the brigade of midshipmen, and par­ preserving peace." That is even more true ticularly of the graduating class of 1975 today. Yet, after the Revolution we did not expansion of conservation programs even maintain a Navy. In the early 1790's an dealing with unique parts of our natu­ remains high. The mission of providing economy-minded Congress preferred paying ral heritage. One of them would make an excellent undergraduate education ransom to building ships to protect Ameri­ the Sequoia Natural Game Refuge part and a superb program of preparation for can seamen. of the Sequoia National Park. The other military leadership careers is being car­ We can be deeply grateful and proud that measure would enlarge Redwood Na­ ried out in a fashion that fully justifies only recently when the new Communist gov­ the faith Congress has placed in this ernment of Cambodia captured the United tional Park to preserve many more of the States merchant ship, the Mayaguez, we had remaining redwood trees. institution. An impressive and inspiring moment a strong Navy; and we had a President who I believe it is vital to double the size had the courage, when diplomatic efforts of Redwood National Park in order during this morning's ceremonies was to provided by NELSON A. ROCKEFELLER Vice failed, to order decisive military action which protect that portion already set aside. resulted in the immediate release of the crew It is obvious that the activities of logging ~resident of the United States, wh~ de­ and the ship. Nevertheless, there are some to­ companies are harming the existing pre­ livered the graduation address. Mr. day who would still return us to isolation­ serve. It is also evident that the Depart­ ROCKEFELLER'S address was a straight­ ism-to the Fortress America mentality that ment of Interior does not have a commit­ forward, incisive account of the chal­ was fashionable right up to World War II. ment to pursue a policy of conservation lenges we face in maintaining peace in Yes, we must continue to work and to hope in regard to this particular part of our the world and freedom and opportunity that negotiations with the Soviet Union will heritage. for our citizens at home. With your per­ eventually reduce the need for huge increas­ I feel that the redwoods and sequoias mission, Mr. Speaker, I would like to in­ es in defense spending. The Strategic Arms are unique and, therefore, more than sert the full text of the Vice President's Limitation talks and the Mutual Balanced address at this point in the RECORD, as a Force Reduction Negotiations offer such op­ worthy of congressional consideration in portunities. But to disarm ourselves unilat­ order to guarantee their preservation. It means of sharing its depth and meaning with every Member of Congress: erally, because of an impatience, a frustration is not enough to merely pay lipservice to with the burden of bearing the cost of vigi­ such a concept or merely set aside small VICE PRESIDENT ADDRESSES U.S. NAVAL ACADEMY lance wm not provide any incentive for our preserves. Neither one of these ideas adversaries to disarm. could possibly guarantee true prese1'Va.- There is something that sets apart this graduation ceremony from those of your ci­ Disarmament must be worked out step by tion. vilian classmates all across the Country. Your step, concession by concession, by all parties Therefore, it is my opinion that both initial decision to come here to Annapolis, involved under satisfactory guarantees that measures, regarding the enlargement of your decision to remain here through four all parties abide by the agreement. :u any­ the Sequoia and Redwood National demanding years, was a decision to link your body still believes that unpreparedness a.nd Parks, must not be considered as un- destiny with the destiny of your Country. good intentions stave off war, I urge them to 17148 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 reread the history leading up to World War lanes on which we depend to supply our of Office as Vice President--there is nothing II. allies and to obtain vital resources such as wrong with America that Americans can not Our strength provides an incentive for oil and other raw materials on which we are right. And my confidence is strengthened by potential adversaries to seek the alterna­ increasingly dependent. the calibre of Americans who continue to tive of a peaceful resolution when problems The Soviet submarine force is three times be drawn to the Nation's service. arise. And our strength leads them to think the size of ours. Although we maintain acer­ The defense of human freedom depend in twice about the risk of pursuing global tain comparative advantage in submarine no small measure on xnen like you. The arms temptations. technology, that gap, too, is closing. Soviet with which we defend this country are, by II. DECLINING U.S. DEFENSE submarines, surface ships, and their air force themselves, only cold hardware. It is the hu­ Yet, the call is continually heard that we are equipped with a variety of missiles which man qualities of the people behind those have to reorder our priorities-to spend more present a real challenge. arms which determine the quality of this on urgent human needs and less on defense. We have maintained a clear edge in naval Nation's defense. I remain steadfast in my life-long commit­ air power, which has proved its value re­ Not long from this day you will be super­ ment to government actions that seek a peatedly-for example, in crises in the Medi­ vising undersea nuclear power plants; run­ better life of greater opportunity for the terranean in 1958, 1967 and 1973. However, ning complex combat systems on surface American people. The fact is that during the the number of our carriers is decreasing, ships; flying sophisticated aircraft off the past decade we have already reversed our while the Soviets, on the other hand, have decks of carriers at sea; and leading troops in priorities between domestic and defense ex­ decided to make an investment in aircraft amphibious exercises. penditures. In terms of constant dollars, de­ carriers. Let me quote how the Commander Here at the Academy you have received the fense spending today is the lowest in 25 of the Soviet Navy evaluates their fleet, which academic foundation to meet these chal­ years. he has so brilliantly developed and led for lenges. But you have achieved much more. In 1964, prior to the Vietnam build-up, about the last 20 years. "The Soviet Navy," You brought the best American qualities to less than one-third of Federal spending went Admiral Gorshkov says, "has been converted this academy-qualities that have been de­ for human resource programs-and half the in the full sense of the word into an offensive veloped from raw ore into fine steel; cour­ budget went for national defense. During the type of long-range armed force." age-the coolness and judgment under fire past decade, that situation has been com­ And finally, as for land and air forces, our that inspire confidence among your men; pletely reversed. The budget submitted for Army is a.bout half the size of the Soviet dedication-that devotion to a higher calling Fiscal 1976 shows about one-quarter for de­ Army and ranks fourth in size in the world. than self and the wlllingness to make the fense and over half going for domestic social Whtie the Soviets increase the size of their highest sacrtfl.ce, if necessary; determina­ programs. forces, our Army and Air Force-which are tion-the staying power, the refusal to be Now we find ourselves in a period of in­ indispensable to the defense of NATO, our defeated that separates winners from losers flation and recession with a $60 billion def­ allies and our own national security-are at in battle as in life; integrity-the quality the icit and unemploy.ment at well over eight their lowest levels since before the Korean American people seek and rightfully demand War. per cent. What is becoming increasingly clear in their leaders. As it says in that inspiring is that our social progress, military strength What we have la.eked in numbers in most verse you have sung so often: "Faith, cour­ and our ability to help build a more stable areas of defense, we have made up for in the age, service true and honor over honor over world all depend on rebuilding the vitality technological superiority of our equipment. all." and economic strength of the United States. We have allowed numerical deficiencies in Looking out over this Annapolis class to­ It is becoming increasingly clear that we strategic weapons and submarines, for exam­ day, I am-along with your families and must face up to the devastating vulnerability ple, partly because of a confidence in our friends--filled with pride. You enter your of our economy to another oil boycott and ability to maintain technically superior sys­ naval careers as America moves toward its the possibility of similar action in relation to tems. Such technological advantage, how­ third century. And you are the officers who other raw materials at some later time. ever, is not static. An increased investment will lead the U.S. Navy and the Marine Corps in continuing research and the updating of into the 21st Century. This should be a source III. GROWING STRENGTH OF THE SOVIETS our equipment is required. of great pride to all of you. And it is a source Yes, we recognize the peacemaking and While we are committed to pursuing the of great confidence to all of us. peacekeeping potential of detente. But cold peaceful potentials of detente, we must re­ Out of this coming period of change, and realism requires that we must not ignore the main aware that the Soviets are increasing challenge, I am confident that a better Na­ growing strength of potential adversaries in their mllitary presence throughout the tion and a better world will emerge. And in setting our own defenses both economic and world. This is a hard fact that we have to moving toward that world, you will be in the military. face. From Soi;nalia to Singapore, from vanguard. Good luck. Good sailing. And God For- example, let us examine openly and Guinea to Cuba there is evidence of an en­ bless you all. honestly where we stand with respect to the larged Soviet view of its interests. We are Soviets, first in terms of strategic weapons. witnessing today a Soviet surge in every In my view, Mr. Speaker, the Vice During the 1962 Cuban missile crisis, the component of military power, from strategic President's point is clear and correct. We United States had a huge strategic advan­ through conventional forces and in research cannot assume that the level of peace in tage By 1973, during the Middle East War, and development. And there ls no indication the world, or the level of freedom and that extra margin of security had vanished. at what levels they will be satisfied. The We no longer refer to American predomi­ trend for Soviet forces is up. The trend for economic opportunity at home will be nance in straitegic weapons but, rather, to ours is static at best. At this rate, if we do perpetuated forever, regardless of our de­ parity with the Soviets. not make the necessary investment, we gree of vigilance. Detente must not be The Polaris submarines deployed during might find ourselves on a. pa.th that could misunderstood to be a sleeping pill to the Cuban crisis are no longer a uniquely lead to unilateral disengagement from the lull us into complacence, rather it is a American weapon. Our last missile subma­ world without compensating safeguards. stimulant for us to pursue new oppor­ rine was launched nearly a decade ago. The IV. RETAINING OUR STRENGTH AND LEADERSHIP tunities for making peace permanent, Soviet Union is presently building a large fleet of modern ballistic missile fl.ring sub­ Thus, we approach our 200th Anniversary with strength and vigilance an insepa­ marines. And Soviet missile submarines now at a crossroads of critical choices relating to rable part of that peace. patrol the American coast. our own long-term national security and While I had the opportunity this The Soviet Union has more land-based freedom in the world. The basic values of morning to greet many members of the missiles with larger warheads than we do individual freedom, respect for human Naval Academy class of 1975, I would like and is now challenging our lead in sophisti­ dignity and equal opportunity which our to take this opportunity to honor the cated warheads. The Soviets are currently Founding Fathers achieved at such great sacrifice could well be threatened now more 1975 class members of all three service testing five types of missiles with a NIRV In capability. U.S. bombers, built mostly in the than ever before. If we are to continue to academies. particular, I would like to 1950's, help make up for numerical inferi­ lead in the cause of freedom and peace, we pay tribute to the following young men must be willing to make the sacrifices re­ from the 34th Congressional District in orties in other strategic categories. In short, quire to sustain our own security and meet the Soviets are now spending much more our responsibilities in the world. This means the class of 1975, whom I had the privi­ than we a.re in the strategic area.. that we must not only have the necessary lege of appointing to service academies Secondly, let us compare strength with 4 years ago: Cleveland Cooper, U.S. the Soviet Union particularly in your area economic and military strength and vitality, of concern-naval power. The growth of So­ but a. strong foreign intelligence service as Naval Academy, Howard J. Bush, U.S. viet naval capability has been a most signifi­ well. And most lmportantly, we must make Military Academy, Thomas E. Smura, cant development during this decade. Amer­ democracy felt as a dynamic force directed U.S. Air Force Academy, and Randall ica's post World War II naval preeminence to the best interest and well being of people throughout the world. R. Barrett, U.S. Air Force Academy. no longer goes unchallenged. These young men, and the hundreds During the 1973 Middle Ea.st War, the V. HUMAN VALUES STXLL PARAMOUNT nearly 100 Soviet ships in the Mediterranean I have tremendous faith in the American of others who will be embarking upon clearly outnumbered our own. Our surface people-in the capacity, the will and the de­ careers as officers in the service of this ships are down to 1939 levels. The Soviets now termination of free people to make the neces­ Nation, deserve our praise, our support, possess the ability to interdict the vital sea- sary sacrifices. As I said when I took the Oath and our gratitude for the dedication June 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF IrnMARKS 17149 they have shown, and for the tasks they Some of these may possibly be good wolf designated as our national mammal. will undertake in our behalf. programs, but they are uncoordinated At the suggestion of one of my corre­ and there is no indication of how many spondents, I am including some of the jobs they would create. The pet projects information which I have received at this were chosen without regard to whether point in the RECORD for the benefit of my EMERGENCY EMPLOYMENT Bll..L they are located in areas of high unem­ colleagues: ployment. PROPOSAL To DESIGNATE THE WOLF AS THE HON. JAMES M. JEFFORDS Mr. Speaker, it seems to me that if NATIONAL MAMMAL OF THE UNrrED STATES we are to create jobs, we should make {By Mark Hegedus) OF VERMONT a point of creating them in the areas Shrouded in ignorance and steeped in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the country where the jobs are most superstition, America's earliest settlers Wednesday, June 4, 1975 needed. This bill makes no such attempt. colonized the new world carrying with them Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. Speaker, today It is unreasonable and irresponsible for many destructive and irrational prejudices. us to simply throw money into the wind Today we no longer burn witches at the we have heard expressed, in emotional stake or fear falling off the edge of the terms, much concern about the need for and hope that it solves chronic unem­ earth, but we continue to remain ignorant jobs. I agree, in no uncertain terms, that ployment problems. and afraid of the wolf. jobs are desperately needed. At the same The effect of much of this spending For hundreds of years Americans have time, however, I feel many of my col­ would be felt long after the economy mercilessly persecuted the wolf. With the leagues have overlooked an equally seri­ begins its upswing, according to the best possible exception of the mosquito, no othe:r ous concern-for protection of the projections available. Coming too late animal has been subjected to so many to help along an economic recovery, it poisons, traps, hunters, bounties, and orga­ paychecks of working people. nized efforts at extermination. The wolf has H.R. 4481 contains many provisions could lead only to further infiation later been almost completely eradicated in the which are, in my opinion, essential. At on. Let us not compound our economic lower 48 states, except for a few small a time when public service employment problems. populations in Minnesota and Texas. Alaska opportunities are urgently needed, it was The solution to our woes lies in a remains as the last state in the union where difficult to vote to sustain the President's responsible program to combat chronic the wolf exists in any significant numbers. veto of the emergency employment bill. unemployment. I have joined many of Howeyer, even this sanctuary ls threatened, my colleagues in sponsoring the substi­ as evidenced by the recent proposal of the It is very unfortunate that this legisla­ Alaska Board of Fish and Game to gun tion contains, in addition to new emer­ tute bill which extracts from H.R. 4481 down the animal from airplanes in selected gency employment opportunities and all of the essential and well-thought-out game management areas. The proposal was other vital features, a number of expen­ provisions-including, as I have men­ cancelled, but will almost certainly reappear sive projects which are unnecessary and tioned, summer youth employment, com­ again this winter. which would fuel the fires of inflation. munity service employment, public serv­ The time has come for Americans to take I see the vote today as an important ice jobs, college work study, and WIN. action to save the wolf before it no longer Our bill would fund all of these pro­ exists. This can only occur if we perceive and test of the campaign rhetoric of last fall. understand the animal intelligently. As long The themes of most congressional cam­ grams at the same levels recommended as we persist in identifying the wolf as a paigns were accountability and fiscal re­ in H.R. 4481. All we are doing is taking man-eating foe {there are no documented sponsibility. I am among the cosponsors away the fat and leaving the meat. cases of non-rabid wolves attacking humans of substitute legislation which would ac­ I have informed my constituents that in North America), we will continue to pas­ complish all of the worthy objectives of I would vote to sustain this veto only sively accept its indiscriminate persecution. H.R. 4481, including funds for the bene­ under one condition: that the adminis­ If we inform ourselves of the facts concern­ tration would provide assurances that ing the wolf, instead of creating false im­ fit of older Americans, summer employ­ pressions of the animal-for example, Little ment opportunities for young people, it would support the substitute legisla­ Red Riding Hood and werewolf stories-we public service jobs, the WIN program, tion, with all of the essential provisions. will not longer fear, but respect it. and a number of other important mat­ Even with all of my objections to the A wolflike animal was probably the first ters, such as college work-study. present bill, I have voted for it in the creature to venture into man's earliest caves Sadly, this essential bill has been used, past, and would vote for it again if there to share food and comfort him as a com­ were no other way to provide the public panion. The wolf's lifestyle is much like our as the Washington Star has stated, "to own in that it is a pack animal, each member work the recession for all it's worth, in service employment which is so urgently needed. of the pack having a specific duty to per­ funding old pet projects and conceiving form. The wolf is a loyal parent and usually new ones." Fortunately, we now have a viable al­ mates for life. The animal is not wanton. It The title of the bill reads: "An Act ternative. I received personal assurances preys upon sick and weak animals for food making emergency employment appro­ of administration support this morning, and thereby maintains a natural balance in priations for the fiscal year ending from Mr. O'Niell, the deputy director of other animal populations. The wolf is an June 30, 1975, and for other purposes." the Office of Management and Budget. intelligent, resourceful, and cunning crea­ Unfortunately, the three words, "for As the New York Times said in an ture, but it is no match for man. The animal editorial: cannot sniff out every trap man sets for it. other purposes," add up to about $3 bil­ It cannot outrun airplanes and snowmobiles lion in ill-conceived expenditures. If the President's veto is sustained-as it should be-it will be the duty of Congress bent on shooting it down. I know that Vermonters will be par­ to move quickly to adopt a substitute bill Congress now has the opportunity to exer­ ticularly distressed when they hear that cise leadership by creating and passing legis­ that would provide the essential funds for lation directly intended to improve the wolf's three of the major subcommittees which public service jobs, summer jobs for youth created this bill did not even hold hear­ image and at the same time provide a legal and part-time jobs for college students un­ protective umbrella for its preservation. Such ings. A series of phone calls around town der the work-study program. to various Federal agencies provided the legislation could take the form of a designa­ Let us get on with it. tion of the wolf as the U.S. national mammal. Appropriations Committee with the body This kind of designation would bring the of the bill. wolf into the national limelight. Americans Let me mention a few of the items in could identify with the wolf's courage, tenac­ the bill which I feel are not needed. ity, and social behavior. Americans would There is $100 million earmarked for OUR NATIONAL MAMMAL have an opportunity to reflect upon the wolf's Postal Service facilities which are un­ many positive aspects and adopt a protective necessary. Another $100 million is desig­ attitude toward it. Declaring the wolf as nated for various pet programs of the HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST the national mammal would also be an act of national contrition by recognizing that Army Corps of Engineers. There is $73 OF vmGINIA we have abused and maligned it unfairly. million for automobile purchases which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The time has come for a new attitude to­ we obviously do not need. A $500 million Wednesday, June 4, 1975 ward the wolf. Congress can lead the nation appropriation would go to the General into a new era of respect for this animal. If Services Administration for new build­ Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, in we view ourselves as civ111zed human beings, ings, with no real direction for spending recent weeks, I have heard from a num­ we ought to at once recognize the crassness the money. ber of people who are eager to see the of our irrational hatred and persecution of 17150 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 4, 1975 this animal. Wolves cannot speak for them­ A SENSELESS VETO AND A CON­ would have obtained gainful employment selves, only man can do that. He can insure GRESSIONAL MISTAKE as a result of the passage of the bill he their survival or destruction. National mam­ proceeded to veto. The veto has guar­ mal designation for the wolf presents an op­ anteed that the economic situation will portunity for the Congress to express this HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI nation's concern for our diminishing wild­ worsen. Only the Federal Government ll!e and at the same time impress upon OF NEW YORK could have swiftly intervened with some Americans thait other creatures' claim to ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES significant assistance, at least enough to istence ls no less valid than our own. Wednesday, June 4, 1975 make a difference. In addition, I am deeply saddened that Mr. ZEFERE'ITI. Mr. Speaker, today the Congress saw fit, although by the [From the Washington Post, Mar. 24, 1975] the Government admits that a minimum narrowest of margins, to uphold the THE LAST SANCTUARY OF THE WOLF of 8.9 percent of the American work force President's inexcusable veto. Every (By Mark Hegedus) is jobless. In a very few days, the Gov­ Member who supported the President The last sanctuary for the wolf in the ernment will admit that that :figure has certainly has substantial numbers of job­ United. States is now in the hands of the risen significantly. Millions of people in less people in his district, those who will Ala.ska state legislature. The lawmakers will this country have not been engaged in pay the price of his veto. I believe that be concerned with legislation dealing with productive labor as we passed through a Alaska's declining moose population. The the Congress has made a serious error in Alaskan moose has only two significant pred­ quasi-depression, the worst economic acting in this manner. ators, the wolf and man. Hunters, worried downturn since the Depression of the that they will lose the chance to gun down 1930's. the moose, have exerted such pressure on Distress is growing around the country state wildlife officials that they have turned as workers exhaust their unemployment THE 1975 FRANKENMUTH BAVARIAN on the wolf. The officials want to kill 80 per benefits. Situations are coming to light, FESTIVAL cent of Alaska's wolf population by shooting revealing the spread of extreme econom­ them from airplanes. (Helicopters were ic hardship throughout the Nation's pop­ scratched for the proposed slaughter because the officials felt planes would be "more sport­ ulation. Furthermore, we know that the HON. BOB TRAXLER ing.") The officials have no estimate of the situation is far worse than the :figures OF MICHIGAN state's wolf population. One state biologist indicate. For example, people who have IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES sa.id, "They'll just have to guess." exhausted their jobless benefits are often Concerned environmentalists have stopped not listed as unemployed. People who Wednesday, June 4, 1975 the slaughter from taking place temporarily, are only marginally employed, for as Mr. TRAXLER. Mr. Speaker, I would but powerful lobbying groups, backed by the little as 1 or 2 days a week, are included like inform you of an event in the hunters, are pressing for legislation to legal­ t.o ize the aerial extermination. in the :figures as those at work. The lovely town of Frankenmuth, Mich. All Man has already succeeded in Virtually many unemployed workers who have too often many Americans forget their wiping out the wolf in the lower 48 states. given up the job search are not listed as cultural heritage. The style of American Now hunters want to add Alaska to the list. unemployed nor are the millions of life is so good only because of the hard The answer to the dimin1shing moose pop­ young people who have just graduated work and strife of early Americans who ulation in Ala.ska ls simple. Take man, the from high school and college. settled here after leaving their faraway hunter out of the delicate moose-wolf ecolog­ Knowing that this situation was be­ homes. ical relationship and let nature bring their populations back to normal. Ban the hunters coming cumulatively more serious, the I am quite pleased that certain sec­ :from taking their bloody pleasure in killing Congress acted swiftly to alleviate the tions of the country attempt to retain this beautiful beast and deprive them of the worst effects of the current unemploy­ this cultural heritage and sponsor an­ added pleasure of slaughtering thousands ment problem. By passing the Emergency nual tributes to the "old way" of life. One of wolves to boot. Employment Appropriations Act, they such community is Frankenmuth, Mich. It will be a sad commentary on the state of attempted to provide categories of work The citizens of this beautiful small town man if the Ala.ska. legislature bends to the to appeal to the broadest possible spec­ will be celebrating their 19th annual Ba­ will of the "killers" who took such pleasure in exterminating the passenger pigeon into trum of American workers. The $5.3 bil­ varian festival, June 8-14. Their German extinction. lion measure would have provided for heritage is evident every day of their 900,000 direct public service jobs. It also lives in their food, in the style of their NORTH AMERICAN PREDATORY aimed at making available summer youth businesses and in their general "gemuet­ ANIMAL CENTER, employment, small business loans, jobs lichkeit," or congeniality. Doyle, Calif., May 26, 1975. for construction workers, older citizens, In 1845 a Bavarian Lutheran mission­ Congressman. G. WILLIAM WHITEHt:JRST, and college graduates, as well as posi­ ary felt that the best way to show the Cannon House Office Building, tions in the conservation and environ­ Chippewa Indians the value of religion Washington, D.C. mental protection fields. was an active example, so he brought a DEAR MR. WHITEHURST: It has come to the The House and Senate overwhelmingly small group of settlers who developed attention of the North American Predatory Animal Center that Mrs. Mary Trindal and passed this bill, and with minimal op­ this forest area into the lovely farm and other concerned citizens desire to make the position. Yet, the President unconscion­ business community which it is today. wolf our national mammal. NAPAC whole­ ably vetoed the measure. As one of the These settlers brought with them two heartedly endorses this mission and hopes vigorous supporters of the Emergency important factors: a deep religious con­ you will give this matter your close atten­ Employment Appropriations Act, I con­ viction and a spirit of hard work. Both tion. Your concern for our endangered wild­ sider the veto absolutely inexcusable and of these traits characterize modem citi­ life is well known as well as your legislative heartless. It is reminiscent of the actions zens of Frankenmuth. Their first goal actions in the pa.st. It ls becoming more and more apparent taken by President Herbert Hoover when following settlement was the construc­ that immediate action must be made so that he sat in the White House during the tion of a new church. St. Lorenz Luth­ our diminishing natural resources and wild­ Great Depression while the country fell eran Church still stands today as a trib­ life can be preserved from the hungry needs apart around him. As the Nation begged ute to the past and maintaining religious of Americans. The wolf ls an animal of the him to initiate public service employ­ hope for the future. highest order whose social structure most ment projects, President Hoover de­ The businesses maintain a German closely resembles that of man. It seems ap­ nounced them as unwarranted expan­ :flavor, even in their names. Franken­ propriate that the wolf become our national sions of Federal power. This was the same muth Cheese Haus and Rupprecht's mammal for the aforementioned reason as man who had the U.S. Army evict the Sausage Haus provide some of the "old well as for the hope that it will bring a. new Bonus Marchers, Veterans of World War country" f<>ods. The Bavarian Inn and awareness to Americans who are still plagued I, from the Nation's Capital because they Zehdner's both owned by the Zehdner with severe Inisconceptions of not only the dared to seek alleviation of their econ­ family, specialize in excellent chicken wolf, but all predators. omic plight. I would be very interested to know your dinners. A dinner at either of these two is thoughts on this matter. Now, another President, confronted fine establishments alone worth the Sincerely, with a similar economic disaster, has trip to Frankenmuth. INGRID LtTSTIG, turned his back not only upon those al­ The beauty of the Old World custom Preddent. ready out of work, but upon those who and charm is most evident at holiday June 5, 1975 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 17151 oriented shops such as Bronner's Christ­ enmuth Beer has been produced for over in several activities and enjoy with all mas Showrooms and their Tannenbaum 100 years by the Geyer Brothers Brew­ others the "jungviehbof"-the small Shop. They maintain the country's larg­ ery. Carling established a brewery in the animal farm. est display of indoor and outdoor Christ­ city in the early 1900's, and it is consid­ Mr. Speaker, this community contin­ mas decorations. The designs are fre­ ered to be the most modern operating ues to expand in the traditional way of quently shop originals, and the orna­ facility in the State. No one leaves Frank­ all American towns. It is growing and ments are made by skilled European and enmuth without having had at least one planning for the future. It has preferred oriental craftsmen. They have the words stein of beer. to live a quiet revolution rather than ex­ "Merry Christmas" hand-lettered in 46 Such an excellent mix of the old and plode into recognition. It started as an languages, so it is easy to see that Mr. the new allows these Americans to recog­ experiment and it bas achieved its goals Bronner, the owner of the shops, recog­ nize that they owe much to their old in a wonderful and beautiful fashion. It nizes the heritage of all groups. These heritage. The festival is a small attempt finds the time to remember that its pres­ shops were honored in an article in Ford at the repayment of a debt for a wealth ent greatness is due to the hard work of Times in December 1972, describing the of culture. Music will blare loudly as the others in the past. The festival is unique beauty of the stores and the customers. festival opens with a parade of several and truly a treat not to be missed. Mr. Bronner seems to disagree that :floats and bands from the surrounding I would cordially extend an invitation there is a problem with youth today as in United States and Canada. Music will to all my colleagues who may be in the the article he was quoted as saying "Kids continue with polka bands performing in vicinity to relive -a great part of Ameri­ are our best customers. They seldom the "Spas Platz" from noon •tu night. can heritage and experience "gemuet­ touch the ornaments. It is usually Mom Barbecued chicken, bratwurst, and steins llchkeit" while attending the nationally or Dad who give them that extra of beer will be elegantly served by the known Frankenmuth Bavarian Festival. squeeze." beautiful Bavarian "madcbens." Exhibits A sign stands along the road just out­ If anyone knows Bavaria, they know of arts and crafts will be on display in side of the town bearing a message which that there is one commodity that can the "Spas Platz" throughout the festival, is not limited to the printed word: "Wlll­ never be ignored: beer. Original Frank- and the children will be able to _partake kommen to Frankenmuth."

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, June 5, 1975 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The message also announced that the Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, needless Rabbi Barnett Hasden, Hadar Hatorah Senate had passed with amendments in to say that the vote on the attempt to Rabbinical Seminary, Brooklyn, N.Y., of­ which the concurrence of the House is override the veto of President Ford on fered the following prayer: requested, bills of the House of the fol­ the Emergency Employment Appropria­ lowing titles: tions Act yesterday was a deep disap­ Almighty G-d, bestow Thy blessings H.R. 3109. An act to authorize appropria­ and implore Thy divine guidance upon pointment. tions for the saline water conversion program Ten million people in this Nation are these representatives. for fiscal year 1976. Vouchsafe unto them wisdom equal to out of work. Our blll would have put 10 their strength, courage equal to their The message also announced that the percent of that number into meaningful responsibilities so our Nation may lead Senate agreed to the amendment of the jobs and, at least in my view, would have the world in the advancement and ful­ House to the amendment of the Senate provided a necessary stimulus to the pri­ fillment of human welfare. numbered 107 with an amendment to the vate sector which would have brought May ours be a land where none shall bill. H.R. 5899, making supplemental ap­ employment to hundreds of thousands of prey upon or exploit his fellow men, propriations for the fiscal year ending other American workers. where bigotry and violence shall not be June 30, 1975, and for other purposes, in I would hope that the leadership of the tolerated, where poverty be abolished, which concurrence of the House is re­ House would move promptly to return to and all men live together as brothers. quested. the :floor the bill as-it stands or slightly Gracious Sovereign, bless, guide, and The message also announced that the revised. But while we wait for that bill to guard the President and Vice President Senate had passed bills of the following return for House action, there is an of the United States, Speaker and lead­ titles, in which the concurrence of the emergency measure which needs imme­ ers of this House, and all associated with House is requested: diate attention. them, who labor zealously for the welfare S. 82. An act t.o repeal certain provisions The Emergency Employment Appro­ of the Act entlted "An .act t.o provide for the priations Act provided the money for of our Nation. establishment of the Assateague Island Na­ Grant us peace in our hearts, peace tional Seashore in the States of Maryland summer jobs for teenagers. That program with our G-d, and peace with our fel­ and Virginia, and for other purposes'', ap­ has proved its worth in many ways since low men. Amen. proved September 21, 1965, and for other its inception, and it is a vital program, purposes; particularly in large cities where without S. 98. An act to estabUsh the Klondike the program, teenagers find themselves THE JOURNAL Gold Rush National Historical Park, and for with no hope of gainful employment, and other purposes; too often, with nothing to do with them­ The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam­ S. 313. An act to authorize an exchange selves. ined the Journal of the last day's pro­ of lands for an entrance road at Guadalupe ceedings and announces to the House Mountains National Park, Tex., and for other I would urge the leadership to swiftly his approval thereof. purposes, and get behind those who call for an immedi­ Without objection, the Journal stands S. 1839. An act to amend the Small Busi­ ate bill to provide summer job money. approved. ness Act and the Small Business Investment School will be out in most parts of the There was no objection. Act of 1958 to increase the authorization country in just a few weeks, and we for certain small business loan and guarantee should not delay another day in imple­ programs, and for other purposes. menting this summer jobs program. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE In my own city of New York, close to 100,000 youngsters are pinning their A message from the Senate by Mr. FAILURE TO OVERRIDE VETO OF hopes on what this Congress does. For Sparrow, one of its clerks, announced EMERGENCY EMPLOYMENT AP­ many of them, only the possibility of that the Senate had passed without PROPRIATIONS ACT SEEN AS DIS­ amendment a bill of the House of the fol­ summer employment makes it possible lowing title: APPOINTING for them to attend classes next Septem­ H.R. 5158. An act to provide a.n authoriza·