Legal Capacity, Regulatory Activity, and Market Integration in Poland, 1505-1772
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The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth As a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity*
Chapter 8 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity* Satoshi Koyama Introduction The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita) was one of the largest states in early modern Europe. In the second half of the sixteenth century, after the union of Lublin (1569), the Polish-Lithuanian state covered an area of 815,000 square kilometres. It attained its greatest extent (990,000 square kilometres) in the first half of the seventeenth century. On the European continent there were only two larger countries than Poland-Lithuania: the Grand Duchy of Moscow (c.5,400,000 square kilometres) and the European territories of the Ottoman Empire (840,000 square kilometres). Therefore the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the largest country in Latin-Christian Europe in the early modern period (Wyczański 1973: 17–8). In this paper I discuss the internal diversity of the Commonwealth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and consider how such a huge territorial complex was politically organised and integrated. * This paper is a part of the results of the research which is grant-aided by the ‘Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research’ program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 2005–2007. - 137 - SATOSHI KOYAMA 1. The Internal Diversity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland-Lithuania before the union of Lublin was a typical example of a composite monarchy in early modern Europe. ‘Composite state’ is the term used by H. G. Koenigsberger, who argued that most states in early modern Europe had been ‘composite states, including more than one country under the sovereignty of one ruler’ (Koenigsberger, 1978: 202). -
Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe European History Yearbook Jahrbuch Für Europäische Geschichte
Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe European History Yearbook Jahrbuch für Europäische Geschichte Edited by Johannes Paulmann in cooperation with Markus Friedrich and Nick Stargardt Volume 20 Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe Edited by Cornelia Aust, Denise Klein, and Thomas Weller Edited at Leibniz-Institut für Europäische Geschichte by Johannes Paulmann in cooperation with Markus Friedrich and Nick Stargardt Founding Editor: Heinz Duchhardt ISBN 978-3-11-063204-0 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-063594-2 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-063238-5 ISSN 1616-6485 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 04. International License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number:2019944682 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published in open access at www.degruyter.com. Typesetting: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Printing and Binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck Cover image: Eustaţie Altini: Portrait of a woman, 1813–1815 © National Museum of Art, Bucharest www.degruyter.com Contents Cornelia Aust, Denise Klein, and Thomas Weller Introduction 1 Gabriel Guarino “The Antipathy between French and Spaniards”: Dress, Gender, and Identity in the Court Society of Early Modern -
A Short History of Poland and Lithuania
A Short History of Poland and Lithuania Chapter 1. The Origin of the Polish Nation.................................3 Chapter 2. The Piast Dynasty...................................................4 Chapter 3. Lithuania until the Union with Poland.........................7 Chapter 4. The Personal Union of Poland and Lithuania under the Jagiellon Dynasty. ..................................................8 Chapter 5. The Full Union of Poland and Lithuania. ................... 11 Chapter 6. The Decline of Poland-Lithuania.............................. 13 Chapter 7. The Partitions of Poland-Lithuania : The Napoleonic Interlude............................................................. 16 Chapter 8. Divided Poland-Lithuania in the 19th Century. .......... 18 Chapter 9. The Early 20th Century : The First World War and The Revival of Poland and Lithuania. ............................. 21 Chapter 10. Independent Poland and Lithuania between the bTwo World Wars.......................................................... 25 Chapter 11. The Second World War. ......................................... 28 Appendix. Some Population Statistics..................................... 33 Map 1: Early Times ......................................................... 35 Map 2: Poland Lithuania in the 15th Century........................ 36 Map 3: The Partitions of Poland-Lithuania ........................... 38 Map 4: Modern North-east Europe ..................................... 40 1 Foreword. Poland and Lithuania have been linked together in this history because -
Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I Hannes H
Hannes H. Gissurarson Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I Hannes H. Gissurarson Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I New Direction MMXX CONTENTS Hannes H. Gissurarson is Professor of Politics at the University of Iceland and Director of Research at RNH, the Icelandic Research Centre for Innovation and Economic Growth. The author of several books in Icelandic, English and Swedish, he has been on the governing boards of the Central Bank of Iceland and the Mont Pelerin Society and a Visiting Scholar at Stanford, UCLA, LUISS, George Mason and other universities. He holds a D.Phil. in Politics from Oxford University and a B.A. and an M.A. in History and Philosophy from the University of Iceland. Introduction 7 Snorri Sturluson (1179–1241) 13 St. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) 35 John Locke (1632–1704) 57 David Hume (1711–1776) 83 Adam Smith (1723–1790) 103 Edmund Burke (1729–1797) 129 Founded by Margaret Thatcher in 2009 as the intellectual Anders Chydenius (1729–1803) 163 hub of European Conservatism, New Direction has established academic networks across Europe and research Benjamin Constant (1767–1830) 185 partnerships throughout the world. Frédéric Bastiat (1801–1850) 215 Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) 243 Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) 281 New Direction is registered in Belgium as a not-for-profit organisation and is partly funded by the European Parliament. Registered Office: Rue du Trône, 4, 1000 Brussels, Belgium President: Tomasz Poręba MEP Executive Director: Witold de Chevilly Lord Acton (1834–1902) 313 The European Parliament and New Direction assume no responsibility for the opinions expressed in this publication. -
Dietary Practices, Socioeconomic Status, and Social Mobility at Teotihuacan, Mexico
Dietary Practices, Socioeconomic Status, and Social Mobility at Teotihuacan, Mexico by Kristin Lynn Nado A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Approved April 2017 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Jane E. Buikstra, Chair Kelly J. Knudson Michael E. Smith Ian G. Robertson ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY May 2017 ABSTRACT This project investigates social mobility in premodern states through a contextualized program of isotopic research at the archaeological site of Teotihuacan, Mexico. Due to the lack of a concrete methodology that can be used to recover information concerning rates of social mobility from archaeological remains, many traditional archaeological models either ignore social mobility or assume that boundaries between socioeconomic strata within archaic states were largely impermeable. In this research, I develop a new methodological approach to the identification of socially mobile individuals in the archaeological record based on changes in the diet across the lifecourse that can be detected through isotopic paleodietary indicators. Drawing upon cross-cultural research surrounding the relationship between diet and socioeconomic status and established methodologies in the biogeochemical analysis of human remains, this methodological approach provides a basis for broader comparative studies evaluating the nature of social mobility within archaic states. I then test the practical application of this methodology by applying it to a mortuary sample including individuals from distinctive socioeconomic groups from the pre-Hispanic city of Teotihuacan, Mexico. The study recovers and uses the dietary isotope ratios within bone and tooth samples from 81 individuals buried throughout the city 1) to define the dietary correlates of wealth and status at Teotihuacan and 2) to identify individuals displaying lifetime dietary changes consistent with changes in socioeconomic status. -
Poland's Contentious Elites Enter the Age of Revolution
Poland’s Contentious Elites Enter the Age of Revolution: ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF WHY SOCIAL MOVEMENT SCHOLARSHIP SHOULD BECOME EVEN BROADER Piotr Konieczny, John Markoff To cite this version: Piotr Konieczny, John Markoff. Poland’s Contentious Elites Enter the Age of Revolution: AN- OTHER EXAMPLE OF WHY SOCIAL MOVEMENT SCHOLARSHIP SHOULD BECOME EVEN BROADER. Sociological Forum, Wiley, 2015, 30 (2), pp.286-304. 10.1111/socf.12163. hal-01580961 HAL Id: hal-01580961 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01580961 Submitted on 23 Sep 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. POLAND’S CONTENTIOUS ELITES ENTER THE AGE OF REVOLUTION: ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF WHY SOCIAL MOVEMENT SCHOLARSHIP SHOULD BECOME EVEN BROADER1 Piotr Konieczny John Markoff Pre-print version (will be replaced by post-print two years after publication per journal embargo policies) ABSTRACT Scholars of social movements commonly call for the field to be broadened in various ways because movements are often intertwined with other forms of conflict and because the causes or consequences of movements may operate differently in different contexts. Important change processes that were unfolding in Poland at the time of the French Revolution provide an instructive case. -
Chapter 4: Modern Japan and the World (Part 1) – from the Final Years of the Edo Shogunate to the End of the Meiji Period
| 200 Chapter 4: Modern Japan and the World (Part 1) – From the Final Years of the Edo Shogunate to the End of the Meiji Period Section 1 – The encroachment of the Western powers in Asia Topic 47 – Industrial and people's revolutions | 201 What events led to the birth of Europe's modern nations? People's revolutions The one hundred years between the late-seventeenth and late-eighteenth centuries saw the transformation of Europe's political landscape. In Great Britain, the king and the parliament had long squabbled over political and religious issues. When conflict over religious policies intensified in 1688, parliament invited a new king from the Netherlands to take the throne. The new king took power without bloodshed and sent the old king into exile. This event, known as the Glorious Revolution, consolidated the parliamentary system and turned Britain into a constitutional monarchy.1 *1=In a constitutional monarchy, the powers of the monarch are limited by the constitution and representatives chosen by the citizens run the country's government. Great Britain's American colonies increasingly resisted the political repression and heavy taxation imposed by their king, and finally launched an armed rebellion to achieve independence. The rebels released the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and later enacted the Constitution of the United States, establishing a new nation with a political system based on a separation of powers.2 *2=Under a separation of powers, the powers of the government are split into three independent branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. In 1789, an angry mob of Parisian citizens, who groaned under oppressively heavy taxes, stormed the Bastille Prison, an incident that sparked numerous rural and urban revolts throughout France against the king and the aristocracy. -
Chapter I. the State System of Old Poland (Up to 1795)
Chapter I. The state system of Old Poland (up to 1795) § 1. Patrimonial monarchy I. The rise of the Polish state 1. The clan-tribe system and its collapse Pre-Polish tribes belonged among the Western Slavs. They arrived in the area located between the Oder and Bug rivers, on one hand, and the Carpathians and the Baltic Sea, on the other, during the Migration Period, most probably in the 6th century. The basic unit of Slav society was the clan. Initially, it included all those who originated from the same ancestor (agnatic), but with time a clan which consisted of relatives on both the father’s and the mother’s side (cognat- ic) became predominant. It served religious, military, economic, social, as well as protective purposes. Usually, the members of the clan inhabited a single set- tlement. The clan consisted of families. A number of clans would form a tribe, which was based on common ances- try as well, but also served state functions. The state-forming process started first within the so-calledsmall tribes inhabiting an area of up to 10,000 sq. km. These would combine to form a larger structure, i.e. the large tribe, which comprised a loose association of multiple small tribes. This process became more evident especially in the 8th century. Tribal associations formed in such a way occupied an area of up to 40,000 sq. km. The most important ones were: the Vistulans, the Polans, the Goplans, the Lendians, the Silesians, the Masovi- ans and the Pomeranians. Superior authority in a small tribal state was held by the veche (congress). -
The Struggle for a Christian Politics
THE COLLECTED WORKS OF HERMAN DOOYEWEERD Series B, Volume 17 GENERAL EDITOR: D.F.M. Strauss The Struggle for a Christian Politics An Essay in Grounding the Calvinistic Worldview in Its Law-Idea Series B, Volume 17 Herman Dooyeweerd Edited by D.F.M. Strauss Paideia Press 2012 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dooyeweerd, H. (Herman), 1884-1977. The Struggle for a Christian Politics Herman Dooyeweerd. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-0-88815-223-7 [CWHD B5] (soft) The Struggle for a Christian Politics This is Series B, Volume 17 in the continuing series The Collected Works of Herman Dooyeweerd (Initially published by Mellen Press, now published by Paideia Press ISBN 978-0-88815-223-7 The Collected Works comprise the following series: Series A contains multi-volume works by Dooyeweerd, Series B contains smaller works and collections of essays, Series C contains reflections on Dooyeweerd's philosophy designated as: Dooyeweerd’s Living Legacy, and Series D contains thematic selections from Series A and B A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. The Dooyeweerd Centre for Christian Philosophy Redeemer University College, Ancaster, ON, CANADA L9K 1J4 All rights reserved. For information contact: ÓPAIDEIA PRESS 2012 Grand Rapids, MI 49507 2012 Printed in the United States of America iv Foreword This volume contains one of the first extensive studies by Herman Dooyeweerd after he and Dirk Vollenhoven had begun to articulate their new philosophical understanding of reality. This early study (1924-27) reveals the depth and scope of Dooyeweerd¹s emerging phi- losophy. -
THREE ESSAYS on the MICROFOUNDATIONS of SOCIAL CHANGE By
THREE ESSAYS ON THE MICROFOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL CHANGE by Ryan Langrill A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Economics Committee: Director Department Chairperson Program Director Dean, College of Humanities and Social Sciences Date: Summer Semester 2013 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Three Essays on the Microfoundations of Social Change A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University by Ryan Langrill Master of Arts, George Mason University, 2012 Director: Peter J. Boettke, Professor Department of Economics Summer Semester 2013 George Mason University Fairfax, VA This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution-noderivs 3.0 unported license. ii DEDICATION This is dedicated to my wife Anna. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my parents and my wife, Anna, for their support through my long education. I would also like to thank members of my committee, as well as Professors Deirdre McCloskey, Richard Wagner, and Tyler Cowen for comments, inspiration, and guidance along the way. My classmates Jesse Gastelle, Charity-Joy Acchiardo, Deema Yazigi, and many others provided particularly fruitful conversation. Finally, I would like to thank the Mercatus Center at George Mason University for generous funding, Lane Conaway and Mary Jackson for guidance navigating the program, Peter Lipsey and Eric Celler for administrative -
UC Merced UC Merced Previously Published Works
UC Merced UC Merced Previously Published Works Title methodology of historical and economic research: a retrospective view Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4243w2st Authors Ershov, Bogdan Ashmarov, Igor Publication Date 2018-08-05 Data Availability The data associated with this publication are within the manuscript. Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Authors: Ershov, Bogdan Anatolievich1 Ashmarov, Igor Anatolievich2 1Voronezh State Technical University 2 Voronezh State Institute of Arts «METHODOLOGY OF HISTORICAL AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH: A RETROSPECTIVE VIEW» (DATA SET) 2018 ABSTRACT: This data set represents an analysis of historical and economic methods of production management in modern Russia. The need to generalize the accumulated theoretical and empirical material, to find new approaches to the evaluation of modern production, to study both general and specific laws of the process of transforming the structure of social production is shown. The features of this process in countries with different levels of economic development are studied. Particular attention is paid to the dynamics of social production in the postindustrial era, where the development of information and communication technologies comes to the fore. METHODOLOGY: The methodological basis of the study was the methods of logical and statistical analysis, mapping of graphic data, a method of comparing scales and comparing the analyzed phenomena and processes in the economic reality. Using a set of these methods of scientific knowledge made it possible to ensure the reliability of analysis and synthesis results obtained in the process of data analysis and to formulate a number of author's conclusions applicable in theory and practice. -
Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1493-1795)
Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1493-1795) The Polish parliament is one of the earliest legislatures in Europe. It originated from the local gatherings, wiece , called by the feudal rulers of Piast dynasty in their duchies (12 th c). The term sejm stems from old Slavic word, meaning “gathering”, and appeared during the time following a unification of the Kingdom of Poland (14/15 th c), when those assemblies started to represent people from all over the country. Smaller, provincial meetings were named sejmi- ki . Assembly at Piotrków (1493) is considered to be the first, historical sejm of three estates: king of Poland, the Senate - upper house consisting of 81 bishops and other dignitaries, and the lower house – the Chamber of Envoys (Izba Poselska), consisting of 54 deputies of szlachta (gentry) and the larger cities. Since 1493, the indirect elections were held every two years. With the passing of time the number of gentry envoys and their privileges grew regu- larly, especially after inclusion of Lithuanian deputies into the house in 1569 as a result of the Union of Lublin (1569), when the Kingdom of Poland was transformed into the federation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The gentry made up about ten per cent of the whole population and formed the basis of the army. This gave them a political power and strong in- fluence in shaping the law and parliamentary procedure, resulting in severe limitation of king’s power. Its chambers reserved the final decisions in legislation, taxation, budget, trea- sury and foreign affairs; without consent of deputies war couldn’t be waged outside the Polish boundaries, no member of the gentry could be imprisoned without a court verdict (privilege neminem captivabimus 1425), none of the binding laws could be altered without the approval of the Sejm (privilege nihil novi 1505), taxes remained low, and peasant labour on the land of the gentry was compulsory.