Litteraturrecensioner I Expressen Och BLM 1964–2004 En Studie Av Genreförändringar I Två Skilda Pressorgan
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VÄXJÖ UNIVERSITET NOD180 Magisteruppsats HT 2006 Institutionen för humaniora Nordiska språk Litteraturrecensioner i Expressen och BLM 1964–2004 En studie av genreförändringar i två skilda pressorgan Astrid Skoglund Handledare: Gunilla Byrman Abstract The aim of this study is to describe how reviews of literature in Bonniers litterära magasin and Expressen changed during the period 1964–2004. The investigation is based on 20 reviews of novels and short stories, which are analysed with a method described in Hellspong & Ledin (1997) and inspired by Halliday. The theoretical frame of the investigation is founded on critical discourse analysis (Fairclough 1992 & 2001) and Habermas’ social theory of the public sphere. The investigation shows, among other things, that the reviews became shorter and easier to read in both papers during the period. The investigation also shows that the genre’s style, composition and contents are relatively stable, and that current ideologies in society have a tendency to be reflected in the reviewers’ evaluation of the books. To generalize, the reviews thus developed from a poetic genre in 1964, to become political in the 1970s, academic in the 1980s, feminist in the 1990s and finally an intermedial genre in 2004. Keywords: genre, reviews of literature, critical discourse analysis, style 1 Innehåll 1 Inledning......................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Syfte och frågeställningar............................................................................................. 5 1.2 Avgränsningar............................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Disposition.................................................................................................................... 5 2 Bakgrund........................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Begreppen genre, diskurs och litteraturkritik................................................................ 6 2.2 Svensk litteraturkritik från efterkrigstid till idag.......................................................... 8 2.3 Recensenternas värdekriterier....................................................................................... 9 3 Teori................................................................................................................................ 10 3.1 Kritisk diskursanalys..................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Habermas offentlighetsteori.......................................................................................... 12 4 Material och metod........................................................................................................ 13 4.1 Material – omfång och urvalskriterier.......................................................................... 13 4.2 Recensioner från BLM.................................................................................................. 14 4.3 Recensioner från Expressen.......................................................................................... 15 4.4 Materialkritik................................................................................................................ 16 4.5 Metod............................................................................................................................ 16 4.6 Metodkritik................................................................................................................... 18 5 Resultat........................................................................................................................... 18 5.1 Situationskontext.......................................................................................................... 18 5.1.1 BLM..................................................................................................................... 19 5.1.2 Expressen............................................................................................................. 20 5.2 En poetisk genre – 1964............................................................................................... 21 5.2.1 Textuell struktur.................................................................................................. 21 5.2.2 Ideationell struktur............................................................................................... 23 5.2.3 Interpersonell struktur.......................................................................................... 25 5.3 En politisk genre – 1974............................................................................................... 26 5.3.1 Textuell struktur.................................................................................................. 26 5.3.2 Ideationell struktur............................................................................................... 28 5.3.3 Interpersonell struktur.......................................................................................... 30 5.4 En akademisk genre – 1984.......................................................................................... 31 5.4.1 Textuell struktur.................................................................................................. 31 5.4.2 Ideationell struktur............................................................................................... 33 5.4.3 Interpersonell struktur.......................................................................................... 35 2 5.5 En feministisk genre – 1994......................................................................................... 36 5.5.1 Textuell struktur................................................................................................. 36 5.5.2 Ideationell struktur.............................................................................................. 37 5.5.3 Interpersonell struktur......................................................................................... 39 5.6 En intermedial genre – 2004......................................................................................... 40 5.6.1 Textuell struktur.................................................................................................. 40 5.6.2 Ideationell struktur............................................................................................... 42 5.6.3 Interpersonell struktur.......................................................................................... 43 5.7 Sammanställning och diskussion.................................................................................. 45 5.7.1 Textuell struktur.................................................................................................. 45 5.7.2 Ideationell struktur............................................................................................... 48 5.7.3 Interpersonell struktur.......................................................................................... 50 6 Sammanfattning............................................................................................................. 52 7 Källor.............................................................................................................................. 54 Bilagor Bilaga 1. Recenserade böcker i materialet från BLM........................................................ 56 Bilaga 2. Recenserade böcker i materialet från Expressen................................................. 57 Tabeller Tabell 1. Material från BLM.............................................................................................. 14 Tabell 2. Material från Expressen....................................................................................... 15 Tabell 3. Procentandel subjekt i förhållande till antal finita verb i material från 1964...... 23 Tabell 4. Procentandel subjekt i förhållande till antal finita verb i material från 1974...... 28 Tabell 5. Procentandel subjekt i förhållande till antal finita verb i material från 1984...... 33 Tabell 6. Procentandel subjekt i förhållande till antal finita verb i material från 1994...... 37 Tabell 7. Procentandel subjekt i förhållande till antal finita verb i material från 2004...... 42 Tabell 8. Genomsnittligt LIX, antal ord/GM, artikelomfång och andel adjektiv m.m. i materialet 1964–2004......................................................................................................... 46 Tabell 9. Översikt över karakteriserande stildrag från respektive tidning och decennium 48 Tabell 10. Tendenser i recensionernas innehåll, värderingar och ideologi........................ 49 Tabell 11. Recensionernas mottagare................................................................................. 51 Figurer Figur 1. Recenserade böcker i materialet från BLM.......................................................... 56 Figur 2. Recenserade böcker i materialet från Expressen.................................................. 57 3 1 Inledning Föreliggande uppsats handlar om hur litteraturrecensionen som genre har förändrats 1964– 2004 i kvällstidningen Expressen och kulturtidskriften Bonniers litterära magasin. Mitt intresse för att skriva om genrens utveckling i just dessa tidningar väcktes av två i tiden närliggande händelser; den så kallade Ranelidfejden hösten 2003 och nedläggningen av Bonniers litterära magasin våren 2004.1 BLM lades ned av ägaren Bonniers med