Consideration of the Cathinones
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Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Synthetic Cathinones in Seized Materialsd
Recommended methods for the Identification and Analysis of Synthetic Cathinones in Seized Materials (Revised and updated) MANUAL FOR USE BY NATIONAL DRUG ANALYSIS LABORATORIES Photo credits:UNODC Photo Library; UNODC/Ioulia Kondratovitch; Alessandro Scotti. Laboratory and Scientific Section UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Recommended Methods for the Identification and Analysis of Synthetic Cathinones in Seized Materials (Revised and updated) MANUAL FOR USE BY NATIONAL DRUG ANALYSIS LABORATORIES UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2020 Note Operating and experimental conditions are reproduced from the original reference materials, including unpublished methods, validated and used in selected national laboratories as per the list of references. A number of alternative conditions and substitution of named commercial products may provide comparable results in many cases. However, any modification has to be validated before it is integrated into laboratory routines. ST/NAR/49/REV.1 Original language: English © United Nations, March 2020. All rights reserved, worldwide. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of names of firms and commercial products does not imply the endorse- ment of the United Nations. This publication has not been formally edited. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. Acknowledgements The Laboratory and Scientific Section of the UNODC (LSS, headed by Dr. Justice Tettey) wishes to express its appreciation and thanks to Dr. -
Relative Reactivities of Some Organometallic Compounds Lester D
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1940 Relative reactivities of some organometallic compounds Lester D. Apperson Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Apperson, Lester D., "Relative reactivities of some organometallic compounds " (1940). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 13183. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/13183 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI BELAflVI REAOflVITIES OP SOME OMANOHSTALlilO COMPOUNDS by Lester D. Apperson A thesis aateltted to the (Graduate Faculty for the Degree of DOCfOR OF PHILOSOPHX Major Subjeot Organic Chemietry Approved! Signature was redacted for privacy. In cha3%e of Major work Signature was redacted for privacy. or Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Dean of Qraduat® College^ Iowa State College 1940 UMI Number: DP12552 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. -
Identifying New/Emerging Psychoactive Substances at the Time of COVID-19; a Web-Based Approach
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 09 February 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.632405 Identifying New/Emerging Psychoactive Substances at the Time of COVID-19; A Web-Based Approach Valeria Catalani 1*, Davide Arillotta 1, John Martin Corkery 1, Amira Guirguis 1,2, Alessandro Vento 3,4,5 and Fabrizio Schifano 1 1 Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse & Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life & Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom, 2 Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences 2, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom, 3 Department of Mental Health, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy, 4 Addictions’ Observatory (ODDPSS), Rome, Italy, 5 Department of Psychology, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy COVID-19-related disruptions of people and goods’ circulation can affect drug markets, especially for new psychoactive substances (NPSs). Drug shortages could cause a change in available NPS, with the introduction of new, unknown, substances. The aims of the current research were to use a web crawler, NPSfinder®, to identify and categorize emerging NPS discussed on a range of drug enthusiasts/psychonauts’ websites/fora at the time of the pandemic; social media for these identified NPS were screened as Edited by: well. The NPSfinder® was used here to automatically scan 24/7 a list of psychonaut Ornella Corazza, University of Hertfordshire, websites and NPS online resources. The NPSs identified in the time frame between United Kingdom January and August 2020 were searched in both the European Monitoring Center Reviewed by: for Drugs and Drug Addictions (EMCDDA)/United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Simona Zaami, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (UNODC) databases and on social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, Laura Hondebrink, and YouTube) as well, with a content qualitative analysis having been carried out on University Medical Center reddit.com. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 De Juan Et Al
US 200601 10428A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 de Juan et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 25, 2006 (54) METHODS AND DEVICES FOR THE Publication Classification TREATMENT OF OCULAR CONDITIONS (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventors: Eugene de Juan, LaCanada, CA (US); A6F 2/00 (2006.01) Signe E. Varner, Los Angeles, CA (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/427 (US); Laurie R. Lawin, New Brighton, MN (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Featured is a method for instilling one or more bioactive SCOTT PRIBNOW agents into ocular tissue within an eye of a patient for the Kagan Binder, PLLC treatment of an ocular condition, the method comprising Suite 200 concurrently using at least two of the following bioactive 221 Main Street North agent delivery methods (A)-(C): Stillwater, MN 55082 (US) (A) implanting a Sustained release delivery device com (21) Appl. No.: 11/175,850 prising one or more bioactive agents in a posterior region of the eye so that it delivers the one or more (22) Filed: Jul. 5, 2005 bioactive agents into the vitreous humor of the eye; (B) instilling (e.g., injecting or implanting) one or more Related U.S. Application Data bioactive agents Subretinally; and (60) Provisional application No. 60/585,236, filed on Jul. (C) instilling (e.g., injecting or delivering by ocular ion 2, 2004. Provisional application No. 60/669,701, filed tophoresis) one or more bioactive agents into the Vit on Apr. 8, 2005. reous humor of the eye. Patent Application Publication May 25, 2006 Sheet 1 of 22 US 2006/0110428A1 R 2 2 C.6 Fig. -
Pharmacokinetics of Mephedrone Enantiomers in Whole Blood After a Controlled Intranasal Administration to Healthy Human Volunteers
pharmaceuticals Article Pharmacokinetics of Mephedrone Enantiomers in Whole Blood after a Controlled Intranasal Administration to Healthy Human Volunteers Joanna Czerwinska 1, Mark C. Parkin 1,2, Agostino Cilibrizzi 3 , Claire George 4, Andrew T. Kicman 1, Paul I. Dargan 5,6 and Vincenzo Abbate 1,* 1 King’s Forensics, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; [email protected] (J.C.); MarkParkin@eurofins.co.uk (M.C.P.); [email protected] (A.T.K.) 2 Toxicology Department, Eurofins Forensic Services, Teddington TW11 0LY, UK 3 Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; [email protected] 4 Alere Toxicology (Now Part of Abbott), Abingdon OX14 1DY, UK; [email protected] 5 Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; [email protected] 6 Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Mephedrone, which is one of the most popular synthetic cathinones, has one chiral centre and thus exists as two enantiomers: R-(+)-mephedrone and S-(−)-mephedrone. There are some preliminary data suggesting that the enantiomers of mephedrone may display enantioselective phar- macokinetics and exhibit different neurological effects. In this study, enantiomers of mephedrone were resolved via chromatographic chiral recognition and the absolute configuration was unambigu- ously determined by a combination of elution order and chiroptical analysis (i.e., circular dichroism). A chiral liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was fully validated and was Citation: Czerwinska, J.; Parkin, M.C.; applied to the analysis of whole blood samples collected from a controlled intranasal administra- Cilibrizzi, A.; George, C.; Kicman, A.T.; tion of racemic mephedrone hydrochloride to healthy male volunteers. -
Interactions Between Ethanol and Cocaine, Amphetamine, Or MDMA in the Rat: Thermoregulatory and Locomotor Effects
Psychopharmacology DOI 10.1007/s00213-007-1007-5 ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Interactions between ethanol and cocaine, amphetamine, or MDMA in the rat: thermoregulatory and locomotor effects Sami Ben Hamida & Erin Plute & Brigitte Cosquer & Christian Kelche & Byron C. Jones & Jean-Christophe Cassel Received: 22 May 2007 /Accepted: 29 October 2007 # Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract duced by EtOH alone. Conversely, EtOH attenuated Rationale (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA-related hyperthermia, an effect increasing across (MDMA, ecstasy) is often taken recreationally with ethanol treatment days. These results demonstrate that the interac- (EtOH). In rats, EtOH may potentiate MDMA-induced tion between MDMA and EtOH may be different from the hyperactivity, but attenuate hyperthermia. interaction between EtOH and AMPH or COCA. Objective Experiment 1 compared the interactions between Conclusion Because of potential health-related consequen- EtOH (1.5 g/kg) and MDMA (6.6 mg/kg) with EtOH + ces of such polydrug misuse, it is worth identifying the cocaine (COCA; 10 mg/kg) and EtOH + amphetamine mechanisms underlying these interactions, especially be- (AMPH; 1 mg/kg) on locomotor activity and thermoregu- tween EtOH and MDMA. Given the different affinity lation. Experiment 2 used a weaker dose of MDMA profiles of the three drugs for serotonin, dopamine, and (3.3 mg/kg) and larger doses of COCA (20 mg/kg) and norepinephrine transporters, our results appear compatible AMPH (2 mg/kg). with the possibility of an important role of serotonin in at Materials and methods Drug treatments were administered least the EtOH-induced potentiation of MDMA-induced on four occasions (2, 5, and 2 days apart, respectively; hyperlocomotion. -
(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub
US 20130289061A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0289061 A1 Bhide et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 31, 2013 (54) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS TO Publication Classi?cation PREVENT ADDICTION (51) Int. Cl. (71) Applicant: The General Hospital Corporation, A61K 31/485 (2006-01) Boston’ MA (Us) A61K 31/4458 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (72) Inventors: Pradeep G. Bhide; Peabody, MA (US); CPC """"" " A61K31/485 (201301); ‘4161223011? Jmm‘“ Zhu’ Ansm’ MA. (Us); USPC ......... .. 514/282; 514/317; 514/654; 514/618; Thomas J. Spencer; Carhsle; MA (US); 514/279 Joseph Biederman; Brookline; MA (Us) (57) ABSTRACT Disclosed herein is a method of reducing or preventing the development of aversion to a CNS stimulant in a subject (21) App1_ NO_; 13/924,815 comprising; administering a therapeutic amount of the neu rological stimulant and administering an antagonist of the kappa opioid receptor; to thereby reduce or prevent the devel - . opment of aversion to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Also (22) Flled' Jun‘ 24’ 2013 disclosed is a method of reducing or preventing the develop ment of addiction to a CNS stimulant in a subj ect; comprising; _ _ administering the CNS stimulant and administering a mu Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data opioid receptor antagonist to thereby reduce or prevent the (63) Continuation of application NO 13/389,959, ?led on development of addiction to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Apt 27’ 2012’ ?led as application NO_ PCT/US2010/ Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising 045486 on Aug' 13 2010' a central nervous system stimulant and an opioid receptor ’ antagonist. -
Precursors and Chemicals Frequently Used in the Illicit Manufacture Of
40 INCB REPORT ON PRECURSORS 2019 • 2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde, a precursor for 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA), brolamfetamine IV. Article 13 of the (DOB) and the 2C-series of controlled psychotropic substances, as well as for new psychoactive substances, 1988 Convention as reported by the Netherlands (5 kg) and Belgium (1 kg). a complementary tool in addressing • 4-Methoxy-P-2-P, a precursor of para-methoxy- alpha-methylphenethylamine (PMA) and para- illicit drug methoxymethylamphetamine (PMMA), reported by Spain (52 kg). manufacture 226. Through PICS, incidents involving 2-bromo- 4’-chloropropiophenone, a precursor of various 4-chloro- 229. The clandestine manufacture of narcotic drugs and substituted cathinone derivatives, such as 4-CMC psychotropic substances, new psychoactive substances and (clephedrone), were communicated. Luxembourg seized precursors is not possible without the input of chemicals, 500 kg of the substance in August 2018. The consignment materials and equipment. While the control of chemicals was confiscated because both the supplier and the con- has long been a focus of the authorities worldwide, pursu- signee were already known in connection with shipments ant to the provisions in article 12 of the 1988 Convention, of other precursors of new psychoactive substances. It much less attention has been given to equipment and originated in India, transited Qatar, Luxembourg and materials and article 13 of that Convention, which pro- Germany and was destined for a consignee in Poland. A vides a basis for international action and cooperation in consignment of 300 kg of the substance was confiscated by such control efforts (see box 5). customs authorities in Germany in December 2018. -
NOTES 14 Decarboxylation Studies. 11. Preparation of Alkyl Phenyl
MARCH, 1963 NOTES 879 concluded that no Grignard reagent is actually formed. g. (0.337 mole) of 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride, along with the Instead a mechanism for this elimination is suggested separate addition of 125 ml. of tetrahydrofuran. At the end of the exothermic stage the mixture was refluxed 40 min. further. whereby coordination of the metal with nitrogen occurs It was then cooled and unchanged magnesium was removed by resulting in a displacement in the direction shown. decantation of the supernatant liquid without exposure to the atmosphere. The recovered magnesium was washed with ether R R several times, dried, and weighed 4.46 g. (0.184 g.-atom). The 14 n I R-?-CH:!-CHz-Hal R-N-Mg-Hal t. CPH4 Dry Ice trap was found to contain 12.4 g. of liquid which gave, - when distilled through a 6-in. Vigreux column, 11.7 ml. of tetra- hydrofuran, b.p. 64-67', further identified by its infrared spectrum. A 2.7-ml. forerun was not investigated. The bromine from the absorption flasks was combined and distilled through a Further, we note the similarity between the elimina- 6-in. Vigreux column. Isolated was 39.8 g. of ethylene bromide tion described here (I) and that observed in the Cope (0.212 mole), b.p. 127-131", 55.3% based upon the magnesium elimination of N-oxides (11) where retention of con- consumed. It was identified by comparison of its infrared spec- figuration was observed. trum with that of an authentic sample of 1,Zethylene dibromide. The residue of black tar remaining in the distillation flask weighed 10.0 g. -
A User's Guide to Methamphetamine
A USER’S GUIDE TO METHAMPHETAMINE A self-help guide to reduce harm for people who use methamphetamine 1st Edition, March 2017 Acknowledgements This booklet was adapted from an original publication created by The National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. This information does not constitute medical advice. Please seek the immediate help of a qualified medical practitioner about any personal health concerns. This booklet is being distributed for information purposes only. In the current state of crisis related to crystal methamphetamine, this booklet is intended as a guide to reduce harm for people who use methamphetamine. It lists the most common features of methamphetamine use, ways to reduce harm associated with the use of meth, and strategies for cutting down and quitting. The best way to avoid problems with drugs is to not use them. We are grateful for the contributions of the Integrated Drug Strategies in Waterloo Region and Guelph Wellington, in particular the leadership of Adrienne Crowder and Lindsay Sprague. Don Roth, Kerry Manthenga, Shirley Hilton, and our community review team provided great support and helpful edits. Marcey Gray provided exemplary skill on the design, images and editing, with final expert assistance from Arkay Design and Print. We are thankful for the financial support to print copies from the Waterloo-Wellington Human Services and Justice Coordinating Committee. For more information please contact: Wellington Guelph Drug Strategy www.wgdrugstrategy.ca Waterloo Region Integrated Drugs Strategy www.waterlooregiondrugstrategy.ca Circulated with the support of: WaterlooRegion Integrated Drugs Strategy WaterlooRegion Integrated Drugs Strategy The best way to avoid problems with drugs is to not use them. -
Booklet 4 Stimulants Preface
4 STIMULANTS 4 STIMULANTS 2019 2019 © United Nations, June 2019. All rights reserved worldwide. ISBN: 978-92-1-148314-7 eISBN: 978-92-1-004174-4 United Nations publication, Sales No. E.19.XI.8 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. Suggested citation: World Drug Report 2019 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.19.XI.8). No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from UNODC. Applications for such permission, with a statement of purpose and intent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Research and Trend Analysis Branch of UNODC. DISCLAIMER The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC or contributory organizations, nor does it imply any endorsement. Comments on the report are welcome and can be sent to: Division for Policy Analysis and Public Affairs United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime PO Box 500 1400 Vienna Austria Tel: (+43) 1 26060 0 Fax: (+43) 1 26060 5827 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.unodc.org/wdr2019 PREFACE The findings of this year’s World Drug Report fill in same time clamping down on organized crime and and further complicate the global picture of drug trafficking. -
付表 ⅠA 指定を受けた医薬の有効成分 Annex ⅠA Designated
付表ⅠA 指定を受けた医薬の有効成分 Annex ⅠA Designated Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients 号(Sub-heading) 品名 Description 2818.30 アルゲルドラート algeldrate 2833.22 アルスルフ alusulf 2842.10 アルマシラート almasilate 2842.10 シマルドラート simaldrate 2842.90 硫酸アルマドラ ート almadrate sulfate 2842.90 アルマガート almagate 2842.90 カルバルドラード carbaldrate 2842.90 ヒドロタルシト hydrotalcite 2842.90 マガルドラート magaldrate 2843.30 オーラノフィン auranofin 2843.30 金チオグリカニド aurothioglycanide 2843.30 金チオりんご酸ナトリウム sodium aurothiomalate 2843.30 金チオ硫酸ナトリウム sodium aurotiosulfate 2843.90 カルボプラチン carboplatin 2843.90 シスプラチン cisplatin 2843.90 デキソルマプラチン dexormaplatin 2843.90 エンロプラチン enloplatin 2843.90 イプロプラチン iproplatin 2843.90 ロバプラチン lobaplatin 2843.90 ミボプラチン miboplatin 2843.90 ネダプラチン nedaplatin 2843.90 オルマプラチン ormaplatin 2843.90 オキサリプラチン oxaliplatin 2843.90 セブリプラチン sebriplatin 2843.90 スピロプラチン spiroplatin 2843.90 ゼニプラチン zeniplatin 2844.40 アルツモマブ altumomab 2844.40 塩化セシウム(131Cs) cesium (131 Cs) chloride 2844.40 クロルメロドリン(197Hg) chlormerodrin (197 Hg) 2844.40 シアノコバラミン(57Co) cyanocobalamin (57 Co) 2844.40 シアノコバラミン(58Co) cyanocobalamin (58 Co) 2844.40 シアノコバラミン(60Co) cyanocobalamin (60 Co) 2844.40 エチオダイズド油(131I) ethiodized oil (131 I) 2844.40 くえん酸第二鉄(59Fe)注射液 ferric (59 Fe) citrate in 2844.40 フィブリノゲン(125I) fibrinogen (125 I) 2844.40 フルデオキシグルコー ス(18F) fludeoxyglucose ( 18 F) 2844.40 フルオロドパ(18F) fluorodopa (18 F) 2844.40 くえん酸ガリウム(67Ga) gallium (67 Ga) citrate 2844.40 金コロイド(198Au) gold (198 Au), colloidal 2844.40 イオベングアン(131I) iobenguane (131 I) 2844.40 よう化人血清アルブミン(125I) iodinated (125 I) human serum albumin 2844.40 よう化人血清アルブミン(131I) iodinated