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Norntates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3248, 29 Pp., 1 Table November 5, 1998

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Norntates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3248, 29 Pp., 1 Table November 5, 1998 AMERICANt MUSEUM Norntates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3248, 29 pp., 1 table November 5, 1998 Mammal Species of the World: Additional Data on Insular Mammals JOSEP ANTONI ALCOVER,1'2 XAVIER CAMPILLO,3 MARTA MACIAS,3 AND ANTONIA SANS1 ABSTRACT A catalog of recent mammalian species from mammals (1 Diprotodontia, 1 Peramelemorphia, 4 oceanic and oceanic-like islands is presented. Our Xenarthra, 2 Insectivora, 1 Chiroptera, 2 Primates, list covers the taxa that were found by the first 2 or more Proboscidea, 4 Artiodactyla, and 24- human settlers on oceanic and oceanic-like islands 29 Rodentia) that remain undescribed from such worldwide. In a first section (catalog) we list 95 islands. The tentative list of all the endemic mam- species described before 1993 that were not con- mals from oceanic and oceanic-like islands of the sidered by Wilson and Reeder (1993) (14 Xenar- world is presented as appendix 1, which includes thra, 5 Chiroptera, 4 Insectivora, 18 Primates, 6 at least 11 living species of insular mammals de- Carnivora, 2 Bibymalagasia, 3 Proboscidea, 13 scribed after 1993 and another 15-16 living spe- Artiodactyla, and 30 Rodentia). In addition, we cies (3-4 Insectivora, 2 Chiroptera, 10 Rodentia) tabulate some 41-46 or more recently extinct still undescribed. INTRODUCTION "A checklist of species is an invaluable facilitates global analyses of the biodiversity tool for both researchers and the interested of mammals. public." Wilson and Reeder (1993) have Numerous mammalian species have be- published a catalog of Recent Mammals of come extinct in historic or prehistoric times, the World. This enormous and useful work solely or primarily due to the direct or indi- I Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avan,ats, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7,5, Ciutat de Mallorca, Balears (Spain). 2 Research Associate, Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History. I Servei de Documentaci6, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7,5, 07071 Ciutat de Mallorca, Balears (Spain). Copyright C) American Museum of Natural History 1998 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $3.70 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3248 rect influence of the human species, Homo and that were omitted by some of the authors sapiens (see Anderson, 1984; Martin, 1984; in Wilson and Reeder (1993). The species are Horton, 1984; Murray, 1984, 1991). These presented in the format of Wilson and Reeder mammals ought to be included in catalogs of (1993), to render their inclusion in a future recent mammals, to permit a more accurate edition easier. Page references for original perception of the scope of mammalian bio- descriptions of a few taxa have been omitted, diversity. This should lead to improved because we were unable to obtain a few of knowledge of the extent of human impact on those publications. Mammals (see Alcover et al., in press). Although there is not undisputable evi- The incorporation of recently extinct spe- dence of contact with humans for some of cies in faunal catalogs is not unusual. In the the species presented here, we regarded all case of mammals, examples can be found in mammalian species living on islands during Nowack and Paradiso (1983), Anderson and the late Pleistocene or Holocene to have sur- Jones (1984), as well as Wilson and Reeder vived until the arrival of humans. This same (1993). The last catalog includes a series of criterion has been followed by some of the island and continental species that have re- authors in the Wilson and Reeder (1993) cat- cently disappeared (e.g., Lagorchestes aso- alog (e.g., Hutterer, with the treatment of Ne- matus, Macropus greyi, Onychogalea lunata, sophontes, and Woods, with the treatment of and others). However, there are many taxa Heptaxodontidae). In the few cases where that do not appear on these lists. there is concrete evidence of prehuman ex- The first part of this paper is a catalog that tinction, we have omitted the species in ques- deals mainly with the species recently van- tion. Climatic changes that may have had an ished from oceanic and oceanic-like islands important impact on continental faunas are that do not appear in the Wilson and Reeder thought to have had a lesser effect on insular (1993) catalog. Such islands are character- assemblages, due to the damping influence of ized by impoverished, unbalanced terrestrial oceans. Although our criteria for admitting faunas, compared with those of the closest species is perhaps overly inclusive, we belive mainlands, as well as by numerous endemic that in most instances inclusion is likely to taxa (Alcover and McMinn, 1994). Wilson be correct. and Reeder (1993) considered the "existing The list does not include species from is- or recently extinct species (possible alive lands that were connected to the mainlands during the precedent 500 years)" as recent. during the last glaciation (e.g., Great Britain, However, the choice of species is ambiguous; Ireland, Palawan), except for a few continen- authors of certain groups include some that tal islands that contain faunas exhibiting a became extinct over 500 years ago, some for grossly disharmonic, truly oceanic character which the only existing evidence indicates (e.g., Falkland Islands, Wrangel Island). that they died out more than 2000 years ago, Some living species of island mammals and others for which the only available evi- have been described since 1993 (Phalanger dence is from archaeological sites (e.g., Can- alexandrae, Microgale soricoides, Microgale ariomys tamarani, Malpaisomys insularis, gymnorhyncha, Crocidura musseri, Melon- Papagomys theodorverhoeveni, Spelaeomys ycteris fardoulisi, Emballonura serii, Tadar- florensis, Solomys spriggsarum, Coryphomys ida tomensis, Melomys matambuai, Uromys buhleri, and Melomys spechti; see Musser emmae, Uromys boeadii and Monticolomys and Carleton, 1993). The treatment of spe- koopmani; see Flannery and Boeadi, 1996; cies exterminated a few thousand years ago Jenkins, 1993; Jenkins et al. 1996; Ruedi, because of human impact is not consistent, 1995; Flannery, 1993, 1994; Juste and Iba- since several of those species are not men- nez, 1993; Groves and Flannery, 1994; Flan- tioned at all. nery et al., 1994; Carleton and Goodman, In order to make treatment consistent, a 1996). Other living species have not been de- list of additional insular mammalian species scribed yet (Microgale sp., Crocidura spp., is presented in this paper. It covers taxa that Pteralopex sp., Nyctophilus sp., Melomys sp., were found by the first human settlers on Apomys sp., Rattus spp., Papagomys sp., oceanic and oceanic-like islands worldwide, Taeromys sp.; see Musser, 1982, 1987; Mus- 1998 ALCOVER ET AL.: CATALOG OF INSULAR MAMMALS 3 ser and Heaney, 1992; Flannery, 1995; and cene of Cuba, and therefore is not included Jenkins et al., 1996). These unnamed taxa here. A systematic revision of the whole have been included in table 1. We excluded group is necessary. Possibly some of the spe- the recently described Melomys bannisteri cies listed here will be synonymized. from Kai Besar (Kitchener and Maryanto, SUBFAMILY MEGALOCNINAE 1993), because of difficulties in assessing the KRAGLIEVICH, 1923 validity of this taxon (see Flannery, 1995). Also we maintain C. sicula and C. canarien- An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires, sis as different species, despite their great 33: 54 morphological similarities (Sara, 1996). Megalocnus Leidy, 1868. Proc. Acad. Nat. We have arranged the higher taxonomic Sci. Philadelphia 20: 180 categories (orders, families, subfamilies), fol- TYPE SPECIES: Megalocnus rodens Leidy, lowing the Wilson and Reeder (1993) rank- 1868. ing. The genera and species names have been alphabetically ordered under those catego- Megalocnus rodens Leidy, 1868. Proc. Acad. nes. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 20: 180 TYPE LOCALITY: Ciego Montero (Las Vil- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS las, Cuba). DISTRIBUTION: Cuba. Research for this article was sponsored by SYNONYMS: casimbae Matthew, 1959, ur- the Direccion General de Investigaci6n Cien- sulus Matthew, 1959, intermedius Mayo, tifica y Tecnica (Madrid, Spain; Project 1969, junius Matthew, 1959. Number PB97-1173) and the Comision Cien- tffica de Tecnica y Tecnologia (Madrid, Mesocnus Matthew, 1931. Proc. Am. Philos. Spain; Project AMB96-0845). We must ac- Soc. 58: 168 knowledge Deborah Bonner and Cristian R. TYPE SPECIES: Mesocnus browni Matthew, Altaba with many thanks for their help in 1931. translation and Salvador Moya (Sabadell), Mesocnus browni Matthew, 1931. Am. Mus. John de Vos (Leiden), Jean-Denis Vigne Novitates 511: 2 (Paris), Paul Y Sondaar (Utrecht), Francis TYPE LOCALITY: Ciego Montero, Las Vil- Petter (Paris), Ross MacPhee (New York), las, Cuba. Leslie Marcus (New York), Dave Steadman DISTRIBUTION: Cuba. (Gainesville), Timothy Flannery (Sydney), Mesocnus torrei Matthew, 1931 Am. Mus. and Storrs Olson (Washington) for valuable Novitates 511: 3 help in assembling the bibliography and pro- TYPE LOCALITY: Las Llanadas, Casimba, viding critical comments. Brenda Jones Sierra de Jatibonico, Las Villas, Cuba. (New York) helped us substantially in edi- DISTRIBUTION: Cuba. torial aspects of the maunscript. COMMENTS: Difficulty distinguishing pre- cedent species (MacPhee, personal com- CATALOG mun.). ORDER XENARTHRA Neomesocnus Arredondo, 1961. Bol. Grup. FAMILY MEGALONYCHIDAE AMEGHINO, 1889 Explor. Cient. 1: 19 TYPE SPECIES: Neomesocnus brevirrostris COMMENTS: 14 fossil sloth species from Arredondo, 1961. Quaternary deposits have been described in Neomesocnus brevirrostris Arredondo, 1961. the Greater Antilles. Another four species re- Bol. Grup. Explor. Cient. 1: 22 main to be described from La Hispaniola TYPE LOCALITY: Cueva de Paredones, Cei- (Woods, 1990). Accurate stratigraphic data ba del Agua, San Antonio de los Ban'os, for these taxa are very scarce, and yet con- Cuba. tradictory. One of the species listed here DISTRIBUTION: Cuba. (Neocnus gliriformis) may not be from the late Pleistocene. Habanocnus paulacoutoi Parocnus Miller, 1929. Smithson. Misc. Col- has been described from the middle Pleisto- lect. 81 (9): 28 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3248 TYPE SPECIES: Parocnus serus Miller, TYPE LOCALITY: Baire, Provincia de Orien- 1929.
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