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Copyright © 2016 Jared Richard Longshore All Rights Reserved. The Copyright © 2016 Jared Richard Longshore All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. THE DUTY OF LOVE TO GOD: THE SPIRITUAL THEOLOGY OF JOHN LEADLEY DAGG (1794-1884) __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Jared Richard Longshore May 2016 APPROVAL SHEET THE DUTY OF LOVE TO GOD: THE SPIRITUAL THEOLOGY OF JOHN LEADLEY DAGG (1794-1884) Jared Richard Longshore Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Tom J. Nettles (Chair) __________________________________________ Michael A. G. Haykin __________________________________________ Bruce A. Ware Date______________________________ For Heather. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE………………………………………………………………………………...vi Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................1 Thesis ..................................................................................................................5 Background .........................................................................................................5 History of Research.............................................................................................6 Methodology .......................................................................................................9 2. THE DUTY OF LOVE TO GOD ........................................................................ 11 Law: Dagg and Duty .........................................................................................12 Holy Affections: Dagg and Love ......................................................................16 Aspects of the Duty of Love to God .................................................................29 3. WORKS.................................................................................................................35 Manual of Theology..........................................................................................35 Manual of Church Order ...................................................................................42 Elements of Moral Science ...............................................................................50 The Evidences of Christianity...........................................................................56 4. DOCTRINE...........................................................................................................64 Trinitarian Communication...............................................................................65 Coming Forth From God...................................................................................66 iv Chapter Page Revealed by Christ ............................................................................................72 Entering the Heart by the Spirit ........................................................................78 5. GOD ......................................................................................................................86 The Existence of God........................................................................................86 The Attributes of God .......................................................................................89 The Person and Work of Christ.........................................................................98 The Person and Work of the Holy Spirit.........................................................109 6. MAN....................................................................................................................116 The Original State of Man ..............................................................................117 The Fall of Man...............................................................................................122 The Present State of Man ................................................................................128 The Great Responsibility of Fallen Man.........................................................140 7. SAVING GRACE ...............................................................................................143 The Covenant of Grace ...................................................................................144 The Blessings of Grace ...................................................................................154 The Sovereignty of Grace ...............................................................................167 8. CHURCH ............................................................................................................178 The Ordinances of the Church ........................................................................179 The Nature and Discipline of the Church .......................................................188 The Duty of Baptists .......................................................................................196 9. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................202 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................... 207 v PREFACE I entered into the Biblical Spirituality Ph.D. program in light of an ever- growing awareness of the connection between theology and piety. At that time, six years of pastoral ministry had brought a deep appreciation for Paul’s words to Timothy, “Keep a close watch on yourself and on the teaching. Persist in this, for by so doing you will save both yourself and your hearers” (1 Tim 4:16). I am incredibly grateful to the Lord for his kindness in seeing me into the program. It took no time to discover that I had found teachers and fellow students who were eager for the “teaching that accords with godliness” (1 Tim 6:3). I will never forget my first seminar with Dr. Haykin as we dove headlong into the works of Andrew Fuller, mining the elephant of Kettering for jewels of doctrine and piety. The program proceeded to be not only a joy, but a vigorous challenge to my own discipline, intellect, and character. I am extremely grateful to Dr. Tom Nettles for serving as my supervisor. I feel like one final little soldier of Christ marching in line behind this great general. That string of soldiers is four decades long and does not go unnoticed by this private first class. His depth of theology and piety is no secret. He is known to break into song in the middle of teaching. We sang as he taught in the classroom; we sang around his dinner table. I am honored that Dr. Michael Haykin and Dr. Bruce Ware agreed to serve on my committee. In the classroom, they displayed a robust understanding of the truth, and a love for it as well. I am indebted to various libraries and archives including the James P. Boyce Centennial Library, Mercer University Library, and the American Baptist Historical Library. Thank you. I have engaged this project with a view to serving the church, and the work simply could not have been done without the prayers, encouragement, and support of the vi bride of Christ. Providence Church and my fellow pastor Shawn Bergen celebrated with me and provided encouragement as the journey began. Two years in, Grace Baptist Church welcomed me in with open arms and supported me to see this project through to the end. Pastor Tom Ascol has been a particular blessing from the Lord in study, ministry, and life. He was the first to put Dr. Dagg in my hand and tell me of the riches therein. I know of no other who embodies the duty of love to God more clearly than pastor Tom. When I began the program, I had no idea that I would be blessed with the companionship of so many faithful men. The brothers in the program have been a source of delight as I journeyed to Louisville from Southwest Florida. We laughed more than I ever though possible for Ph.D. students, we prayed, debated, read, wrote, encouraged, counseled, and indeed we ate barbeque and ice cream. The memories made over our time together will not be quickly forgotten. I am especially thankful for my dear brothers Eric Smith and Ryan Griffith. The sweet friendship we shared—even in the slough of despond—is indeed a glimmer of that we will enjoy in the celestial city. This project is dedicated to my lovely wife, Heather. It would not be done without you, my dear. Nine years of marriage, each one has been full of pastoral ministry and higher education. Five children, each one receives blessing by your rising “while it is yet night” (Prov 31:15). No words are more fitting than—“The heart of her husband trusts in her, and he will have no lack of gain. She does him good . Give her the fruit of her hands, and let her works praise her in the gates” (Prov 31:11-12, 31). Jared Longshore Cape Coral, Florida May 2016 vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION John Leadley Dagg (1794-1884) stands out as a striking theologian in the midst of nineteenth-century America, so striking, that his obscurity is quite an enigma. He has been deemed America’s first Baptist systematic theologian, a title that, in and of itself, beckons for attention.1 Furthermore, Dagg has been identified as the representative figure of Baptists in the South during the nineteenth century.2 He has been heralded as “one of the most profound thinkers produced by his denomination.”3 Yet, his
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