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The Catholicity of the Church: an Interdenominational Exploration

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The Catholicity of the Church: an Interdenominational Exploration Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies JBTSVOLUME 5 | ISSUE 2 The Catholicity of the Church: An Interdenominational Exploration Edited by Ryan A. Brandt and Matthew Y. Emerson Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies JBTS is published online at www.jbtsonline.org and in print through Pickwick Publications, an Imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers 199 West 8th Avenue, Suite 3, Eugene, OR 97401, USA Print ISSN 2572-2832 Online ISSN 2572-2859 Copyright © 2020 Grand Canyon University, College of Theology. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical publications or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Write: Permissions, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 199 West 8th Avenue, Suite 3, Eugene, OR 97401, USA The Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies (JBTS) is a peer reviewed academic journal focused on the fields of Bible and Theology from an inter-denominational point of view. The journal is comprised of an editorial board of scholars that represent several academic institutions throughout the world. JBTS is concerned with presenting high level original scholarship in an approachable way. Academic journals are often written by scholars for other scholars. They are technical in nature, assuming a robust knowledge of the field. There are fewer journals that seek to introduce biblical and theological scholarship that is also accessible to students. JBTS seeks to provide high-level scholarship and research to both scholars and students, which results in original scholarship that is readable and accessible. As an inter-denominational journal, JBTS is broadly evangelical. We accept contributions in all theological disciplines from any evangelical perspective. In particular, we encourage articles and book reviews within the fields of Old Testament, New Testament, Biblical Theology, Church History, Systematic Theology, Practical Theology, Philosophical Theology, Philosophy, and Ethics. Please see the guidelines for submission at jbtsonline.org. Since JBTS is a broadly evangelical journal there will often be a variety of views that are represented that align with the evangelical Christian faith within each journal issue. The views expressed by contributors are not necessarily the views of the editors or the institutions that they represent. 20COT0028 Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies JBTS 5.2 THE CATHOLICITY OF THE CHURCH: AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL EXPLORATION ISSUE EXECUTIVE EDITORS Ryan A. Brandt (Grand Canyon University) Matthew Y. Emerson (Oklahoma Baptist University) JBTS EDITORS General Editor: Daniel S. Diffey (Grand Canyon University) Managing Editor: Ryan A. Brandt (Grand Canyon University) Managing Editor: Justin L. McLendon (Grand Canyon University) Technical Editor: Christian Wilder (Grand Canyon University) ASSOCIATE EDITORS Old Testament: Adam Howell (Boyce College) New Testament: Channing Crisler (Anderson University) Philosophical and Theological Studies: Joshua Farris (Houston Baptist University) BOOK REVIEW EDITORS Historical Theology: Chad Brand (Oklahoma Baptist University) History of Christianity: Amber Thomas Reynolds (Wheaton College) Christianity and Culture: Rodolfo Galvan Estrada III (LABI College) Ministry and Pastoral Theology: Adam Wyatt (Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) New Testament: Luke Hoselton (Grand Canyon University) Old Testament: Ryan Hanley (Southern Baptist Theological Seminary) Old Testament: Nicholas Majors (Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) Philosophy, Ethics, and Apologetics: Roger Turner (Walters State Community College) Philosophy of Religion and Analytic Theology: J. T. Turner (Fuller Theological Seminary) Systematic and Philosophical Theology: Joanna Leidenhag (University of Edinburgh) PRODUCTION AND DESIGN Production Editor: Kelsey Kowacz Production Editor: Zachary Downey Graphic Designer: Jason Boesel EDITORIAL BOARD Paul Allen (Concordia University, Montreal, Canada) Uche Anizor (Talbot School of Theology, Biola University) Benjamin Blackwell (Houston Baptist University) Simon Burton (University of Warsaw) Byron G. Curtis (Geneva College) Dan DeWitt (Cedarville University) Matthew Emerson (Oklahoma Baptist University) Kevin Giles (Retired Scholar, Melbourne, Australia) J. R. Gilhooly (Cedarville University) Greg Lanier (Reformed Theological Seminary, Orlando, FL) David R. Maxwell (Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, MO) Clinton Ohlers (Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) Paul Raabe (Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, MO) John Mark N. Reynolds (The Saint Constantine School and King’s College) Bethany Sollereder (University of Oxford) Owen Strachan (Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) Brad D. Strawn (Fuller Theological Seminary) Daniel von Wachter (International Academy of Philosophy, Gamprin, Liechtenstein) Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies JBTS 5.2 The Catholicity of the Church: An Interdenominational Exploration Preface An Introduction to Catholicity: An Editorial Preface to this Special Issue ......................229 by Ryan A. Brandt and Matthew Y. Emerson Part 1: A House with Many Rooms? Catholicity in Denominational Perspective The One Church, the Many Churches: A Catholic Approach to Ecclesial Unity and Diversity—with Special Attention to Abraham Kuyper’s Ecclesiastical Epistemology ..... 239 by Eduardo Echeverria Surely a Catholic Church: The Orthodox Church as the Church .....................................265 by John Mark Reynolds Catholicity from an Anglican Perspective ......................................................................... 281 by Eugene R. Schlesinger Catholicity in the Lutheran Tradition ................................................................................297 by David R. Maxwell “Give Me Thine Hand”: Catholicity in the Wesleyan-Methodist Tradition ...................... 311 by Matt O’Reilly Catholicity in Presbyterian Perspective .............................................................................323 by D. Blair Smith Catholicity from a Baptist Perspective .............................................................................. 341 by Derek C. Hatch “We Have Come to Fulness”: Toward a Pentecostal Catholicity ....................................... 357 by Chris E. W. Green Part 2: Baptism—A Gordian Knot for Catholicity? An Extended Dialogue Between Peter J. Leithart and R. Lucas Stamps Paedobaptism and Catholicity ...........................................................................................371 by Peter J. Leithart Credobaptism and Catholicity ...........................................................................................389 by R. Lucas Stamps Responses by R. Lucas Stamps and Peter J. Leithart ........................................................405 Final Rejoinders by R. Lucas Stamps and Peter J. Leithart...............................................415 Book Reviews ....................................................................................................................423 Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies 5.2 228 [JBTS 5.2 (2020): 229–235] An Introduction to Catholicity: An Editorial Preface to this Special Issue BY RYAN A. BRANDT AND MATTHEW Y. EMERSON Ryan Brandt is Associate Professor of Christian History and Theology at Grand Canyon University and Managing Editor of JBTS; Matt Emerson is Professor of Religion, Floyd K. Clark Chair of Leadership, and Dean of the Hobbs College of Theology & Ministry at Oklahoma Baptist University. While it has a long and distinguished history in the Christian tradition, the word “catholicity” has become a buzzword of sorts in these last few decades. Across some denominational lines, it elicits polarizing responses that lead to neglecting or even dismissing it. Yet, in recent decades there has been a revival of interest on the topic, a growing awareness that catholicity is an essential part of Christianity, including at least most of the major denominational heritages. This volume was inspired by the renewed Protestant emphasis of catholicity in the contemporary landscape. Given the broadness of the term as well as the varied application across different denominational lines, it seemed helpful and timely to offer a survey of various approaches. Such approaches show real differences among Christians, but they also show encouraging signs that Christians are reappropriating their long and distinguished tradition, especially including its early and medieval roots. This article is an introduction to both the topic of catholicity as well as this special issue for interested readers. What is Catholicity? Two Challenges “I believe in one, holy, catholic, and apostolic church.” Thus reads the second clause in the third article of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed. The unity of the church is highlighted in various ways by each of these four “notes,” but the term “catholic,” at least in contemporary discourse, holds a special significance with regard to affirming the church’s unity. Given the Great Schism of 1054, the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century, and the plethora of denominations today, the church’s catholicity is viewed by many as a goal—one still out of reach, but one that is vital for the church’s health and vitality. The prayer of many Christians from a variety of traditions regarding the church’s catholicity is an echo of Jesus’s prayer in John 17, that we—the church—may be one, as Jesus is one with the Father. This positive vision of catholicity is a pursuit of the visible unity of the church. 229
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