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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,503,507 B1 Allen (45) Date of Patent: *Jan

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,503,507 B1 Allen (45) Date of Patent: *Jan USOO6503507B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,503,507 B1 Allen (45) Date of Patent: *Jan. 7, 2003 (54) OXYGEN ACTIVATABLE FORMULATIONS WO WO95/04135 2/1995 FOR DISINFECTION OR STERILIZATION OTHER PUBLICATIONS (75) Inventor: Robert C. Allen, San Antonio, TX Klenbanoff, S.J., “Myeloperoxidase-Halide-Hydrogen Per (US) OXcleide AntibacteriaAntibacterial System,”Stem, J. Bacteriol.,95(6):2131-2138Bacteriol., : 1968). (73)73) ASSignee: : EXOXELXUXImIS, Inc., Little Rock, AR (US)(US Allen,( R.C., Dissertation entitled “Studies on the Generation (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this of Electronic Excitation States in Human Polymorpho patent is extended or adjusted under 35 nuclear Leukocytes and their Participation in Microbicidal U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Activity,” Jul., 1973. Allen, R.C. et al., “Evidence for the Generation of an This patent is Subject to a terminal disis- Electronic ic ExcitationEXCitation SState? S) in HHuman PolymorphPOVmOrphOnuclear 1 claimer. Leukocytes and its Participation in Bactericidal Activity,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 21 Ap1. No.: 09.1518,975 47(4):679–684 (1972). (21) App 1518, Allen,en, R.C., "Halide“Halide Dependence of the MyeloperOXidaseMyeloperoxid (22) Filed: Mar. 6, 2000 -mediated Antimicrobial System of the Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte in the Phenomenon of Electronic Excitation,” Related U.S. Application Data Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 63(3):675-683 (1975). (63) Continuation of application No. 09/056,541, filed on Apr. 7, (3) ( ) 1998, now Pat. No. 6,033,662, which is a division of (List continued on next page.) application No. 08/457.524, filed on Jun. 1, 1995, now Pat. R.No. 5,756,090,S.S.C.s", which is a continuation-in-part"N","E", of application"E"S. Primary Examiner-Jeaninar C. Witz s 5,451,402, which is a division of application No. 08/100, (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Christensen O'Connor 780, filed on Aug. 2, 1993, now Pat. No. 5,389,369, which Johnson Kindness PLLC is a continuation-in-part of application No. 07/660,994, filed on Feb. 21, 1991, now abandoned. (57) ABSTRACT (51) Int. Cl. .......................... C12N 9/08; A61K 37/50; Methods and compositions are disclosed for producing A61K 31/195 air-activated, i.e., oxygen (O2) activated, disinfectant (52) U.S. Cl. ...................... 424/94.4; 435/189; 435/190; Sterilent Solutions. Solutions containing a haloperoxidase 435/192; 422/28; 514/579; 514/42; 514/561; (i.e., a halide: hydrogen peroxide (H2O) oxidoreductase, 514/564 Such as myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase or (58) Field of Search ......................... 424/94.4; 435/189, lactoperoxidase) plus a halide or combination of halides 435/190, 192; 422/28; 514/579, 42,561, (i.e., chloride, bromide and/or iodide), an oxidase (i.e., a 564 Substrate:O oxidoreductase) capable of generating H2O, and a Substrate Specific for that oxidase, are Separately (56) References Cited prepared under aerobic conditions, but all of the component Solutions are made anaerobic prior to final combination and U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS mixing. The anaerobic formulations are dispensed into con 2,679,533 A 5/1954 Darragh et al. ............. 564/282 tainers capable of maintaining the anaerobic condition (e.g., 4473,550 A 9/1984 Rosenbaum et al. ....... 424/94.4 pressurized canisters). Dispensing the Solution at the time of 4,576,817 A 3/1986 Montgomery et al. ..... 424/94.4 use exposes the formulation to air (i.e., O.) which activates 4.588,586 A * 5/1986 Kessler et al.............. 424/94.4 its disinfectant-Sterilent properties. O is the rate limiting . A 3. - - - - - : component for oxidase generation of HO. Under aerobic 4,996.146 A 2/1991 E. C a ... 43528 conditions the oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of its Sub 5.108,899 A 4/1992 e - - - - - - - - - .435/7 21 Strate and the reduction of O2 to generate H2O. In turn, 5,389,369 A 2/1995 Allen . 424(94. 4 HO serves as Substrate for haloperoxidase which catalyzes 5.451.402 A 9/1995 ... 424/94.4 the oxidation of halide to hypohalous acid. Hypohalous acid 5,756,090 A * 5/1998 ... 424/94.4 reacts with an additional H2O to generate singlet molecular 6,033,662 A 3/2000 Allen ........................ 424/94.4 oxygen (O2). Hypohalous acid (e.g., hypochiorous acid) and especially "O. are potent microbicidal agents. Both FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS haloperoxidase generation of hypohalous acid and its reac EP A 30 098 O73 1/1984 tive consumption to yield O. are dependent on the avail EP O 307 376 3/1989 ability of HO. A high rate of HO generation does not EP A 30361908 4/1990 result in the accumulation of hypohalous acid, but instead EP A 10397 227 11/1990 results in a high rate of "O production. The microbicidal EP O 500 387 A2 8/1992 capacity and toxicity of O. are limited by the half-life of GB A2 108 387 5/1983 this metastable electronically excited reactant, and as Such, W Wes: 3. disinfectant-Sterilent activity is temporally defined by and WO WO 91/06639 5/1991 confined to the dynamics of oxidant generation. WO WO 91/11105 8/1991 WO WO92/14484 9/1992 8 Claims, No Drawings US 6,503,507 B1 Page 2 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Allen, R.C., “Oxygen-Dependent Microbe Killing by Phagocyte Leukocytes: Spin Conservation and Reaction Allen, R.C., “The Role of pH in the Chemiluminescent Rate.” In W. Ando and Y. Moro-oka eds. The Role of Response of the Myeloperoxidase-Halide-HOOH Antimi Oxygen in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Proceedings of an crobial System,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research International Symposiun On Activation of Dioxygen and Communications, 63(3):684-691 (1975). Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidations, Tsukuba, Japan, Jul. Allen, R.C. and L.D. Loose, “Phagocytic Activation of a 12-16, 1987, Studies in Organic Chemistry, vol. 33, pp Luminol-Dependent Chemiluminescence in Rabbit Alveo 425-434, 1988 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amser lar and Peritoneal Macrophages.” Biochemical and Bio dam. physical Research Communications, 69(1):245-252 (1976). Steinbeck, M.J. and J.A. Roth, “Neutrophil Activation by Recombinant Cytokines,” Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Allen, R.C., “Evaluation of Serum Opsonic Capacity by 11(4):549–568 (1989). Quantitating the Initial Chemiluminescent Response from Malech, H.L. and J.I. Gallin, “Medical Intelligence, Neu Phagocytizing Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes, Infection trophils in Human Diseases”, New England Journal of and Immunity, 15(3):828-833 (1977). Medicine, 317(11):687–694 (1987). Allen, R.C. et al., “Correlation of Metabolic and Chemilu Olsson, I. and P. Venge, “The Role of the Human Neutrophil minescent Responses of Granulocytes from Three Female in the Inflammatory Reaction,” Allergy, 35:1-13 (1980). Siblings with Chronic Granulomatous Disease,” Journal of Chenoweth, D.E., “Complement Mediators of Inflamma Infectious Diseases, 136(4):510–518 (1977). tion,” Gordon D. Rossed. Immunobiology of the Comple Allen, R.C., “Reduced, radical, and excited State oxygen in ment System, An Introduction for Research and Clinical leukocyte microbicidal activity,” In J.T. Dingle, P.J. Jacques Medicine, pp 63–86, Academic Press, 1986. and I.H. Shaw eds.). Lysosomes in Applied Biology and Fearon, D.T. and L.A. Collins, “Increased Expression of Therapeutics, North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979, C3b Receptors on Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Induced pp 197–233. by Chemotactic Factors and By Purification Procedures,” J. Allen, R.C., "Chemiluminescence: An Approach to the Immunology 130(1):370–175 (1983). Study of the Humoral-phagocyte Axis in Host Defense Fearon, D.T. and W.W. Wong, “Complement Ligand-Recep Against Infection,” In Liquid Scintillation Counting, Recent tor Interactions that Mediate Bilogical Responses,” Ann. Applications and Dvelopment, vol. II. Sample Preparation Rev. Immunol. 1:243–271 (1983). and Applications, Academic Press, Inc., 1980, pp. 377-393. Kearns, D.R. and A.U. Khan, “Sensitized Photooxygenation Reactions and the Role of Singlet Oxygen, Photochemistry Allen, R.C., et al., “Role of Myeloperoxidase and Bacterial and Photobiology, 10:193–210 (1969). Metabolism in Chemiluminescence of Granulocytes from Kanofsky, J.R., “Singlet Oxygen Production by Lactoper Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease,” Journal of oxidase,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, 144(4):344–348 (1981). 258(10):5991-5993 (1983). Allen, R.C. et al., “Humoral-Phagocyte Axis of Immune Lehrer, R.I., “Antifungal Effects of Peroxidase Systems,” J. Defense in Burn Patients,” Archives of Surgery, Bacteriol. 99(2):361-365 (1969). 117:133-140 (1982). Klebanoff, S.J. et al., “The Peroxidase-Thiocyanate-Hydro Allen, R.C., “Direct Quantification of Phagocyte Activity in gen Peroxide Antimicrobial System,” Biochinica et Bio Whole Blood: A Chemiluminigenic Probe Approach,” In E. physica Acta, 117:63-72 (1966). Kaiser, F. Gabl, M.M. Muller and PM. Bayer eds. Pro Klebanoff, S.J., “Myeloperoxidase-mediated Antimicrobial ceedings of XI International Congress of Clinical Chemistry, Systems and their Role in Leukocyte Function,” reprinted Vienna, 1981. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 1982, from Biochemistry of the Phagocytic Process, Julius Schultz pp. 1043–1058. ed., (North-Holland Publishing Company, 1970), reprinted. Allen, R.C., "Biochemiexcitation: Chemiluminescence and Klebanoff, S.J. et al., “Toxic Effect of the Peroxidase-Hy the Study of Biological Oxygenation Reactions.” In W. drogen Peroxide-Halide Antimicrobial System on Mycobac Adam and G. Cilento eds. Chemical and Biological Gen terium leprae.” Infect. and Immun. 44(2):534-536 (1984). eration of Excited States, Academic Press, Inc., New York, Hamon, C.B. et al., “A Peroxidase-mediated, Streptococcus 1982, pp 309-344. mitis-dependent antimicrobial System in Saliva, J. Exp. Med. 137:438–450 (1973). Allen, R.C., “Chemiluminescence and the Study of Phago Belding, M.E. et al., “Peroxidase-Mediated Virucidal Sys cyte Redox Metabolism,” In F.
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