United Nations S/PV.4982

Security Council Provisional Fifty-ninth year

4982nd meeting Thursday, 3 June 2004, 4 p.m. New York

President: Mr. Baja...... (Philippines)

Members: Algeria ...... Mr. Baali Angola ...... Mr. Gaspar Martins Benin ...... Mr. Adechi Brazil ...... Mr. Sardenberg Chile ...... Mr. Muñoz China ...... Mr. Wang Guangya ...... Mr. de La Sablière Germany ...... Mr. Pleuger Pakistan ...... Mr. Akram Romania ...... Mr. Motoc Russian Federation ...... Mr. Konuzin Spain ...... Mr. Yáñez-Barnuevo United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ..... Sir Emyr Jones Parry United States of America ...... Mr. Negroponte

Agenda

The situation between and Kuwait

This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the interpretation of speeches delivered in the other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records of the Security Council. Corrections should be submitted to the original languages only. They should be incorporated in a copy of the record and sent under the signature of a member of the delegation concerned to the Chief of the Verbatim Reporting Service, room C-154A.

04-37379 (E) *0437379* S/PV.4982

The meeting was called to order at 4.20 p.m. Mr. Brahimi, who, despite the security constraints, travelled throughout Iraq to solicit the views of all sectors of Iraqi society. Over the past months, the Adoption of the agenda Secretary-General’s special envoy, the Iraqi Governing The agenda was adopted. Council and the Coalition Provisional Authority were engaged in an exercise of broad national consultation The situation between Iraq and Kuwait that included public meetings and that reached out to tribal, religious and community leaders, political The President: Pursuant to the understanding parties from inside and outside the Governing Council, reached in the Council’s prior consultations, and with prominent individuals and women’s groups, among the consent of the Council, I shall take it that the others. The selection of the interim Government was Security Council agrees to extend an invitation to His based on merit and qualifications, with an element of Excellency Mr. Hoshyar Zebari, Minister for Foreign political and social balancing. While it represents the Affairs of Iraq, to participate in the meeting, without vast majority of the people of Iraqi society, it would the right to vote, in accordance with the relevant have been impossible to include the more than 400 provisions of the Charter and rule 37 of the Council’s political parties and associations that have provisional rules of procedure. mushroomed to date in the new and free Iraq. There being no objection, it is so decided. I would like to thank the United Nations, Member At the invitation of the President, Mr. Zebari States and Secretary-General Kofi Annan for their (Iraq) took a seat at the Council table. support and assistance in the formation of the interim Government. I am grateful in particular for the ongoing The President: I welcome the presence at this efforts of Mr. Brahimi, who has been an excellent meeting of the Secretary-General, His Excellency facilitator in achieving this successful outcome. Mr. Kofi Annan. This process, in our view, was reasonably The Security Council will now begin its legitimate and decent. We cannot say that it was totally consideration of the item on its agenda. The Security perfect, but I think the outcome will prove in the days Council is meeting in accordance with the ahead to have been the best there could be under the understanding reached in its prior consultations. current circumstances. At this meeting, the Security Council will hear a Today I would urge the continued support of the briefing by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iraq, His international community through the adoption of a new Excellency Mr. Hoshyar Zebari. At the end of the draft Security Council resolution to endorse the briefing, I will give the floor to Council members who establishment of the sovereign interim Government. I wish to make comments or ask questions. As there is urge the Council to adopt such a draft resolution as no list of speakers for this meeting, I would invite soon as possible, to support the ongoing political Council members who wish to take the floor to so process, reaffirm the need for Iraq to control its own indicate to the Secretariat as from now. resources and recognize Iraq’s need for the continued I now give the floor to the Minister for Foreign presence of a multinational force in partnership with Affairs of Iraq, His Excellency Mr. Hoshyar Zebari. the Iraqi authorities. Mr. Zebari (Iraq): On Tuesday, 1 June, the We strongly welcome and encourage adoption of people of Iraq took the first step towards regaining the positive text of the draft resolution, now under their full sovereignty and independence. United consideration, and hereby present our views and Nations special envoy Lakhdar Brahimi supervised the proposed amendments so that the draft resolution may introduction of a new interim Iraqi Government to correspond more fully to the wishes and aspirations of assume authority on 30 June, which marks a major the Iraqi people. Iraq’s views must be represented and success in Iraq’s transition towards democracy and heard by all, as this draft resolution will be an towards ending the legal occupation of our country. endorsement of the democratic process that the Iraqi people have chosen to pursue, and as it is their interests The formation of the interim Government was the that lie at the heart of it. result of an extensive consultation process promoted by

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We seek a new and unambiguous draft resolution democratic process. A preparatory committee has that underlines the transfer of full sovereignty to the already been identified for the conference. An electoral people of Iraq and their representatives. The draft commission has also been established to supervise resolution must mark a clear departure from Security elections, with the help and support of experts from the Council resolutions 1483 (2003) and 1511 (2003), United Nations. Part of the mandate of the caretaker which legitimized the occupation of our country. By Government is to work closely with the United Nations removing the label of occupation we will deprive the and its agencies to prepare for general elections to be terrorists and anti-democratic forces of a rallying point held in 2005. To achieve this, we seek the continued to foment violence in our country. advice and support of the United Nations and call upon the Member States to assist Iraq in ensuring security We expect that the draft resolution will endorse a conditions conducive to holding elections. genuine and comprehensive transfer of power on 30 June. This means investing full authority in the interim In this respect, we Iraqis are grateful to the Government to run Iraq’s affairs, make its own coalition that helped liberate us from the persecution of decisions and have authority over Iraq’s security ’s regime. We thank President Bush matters. This transfer of sovereignty must also and Prime Minister Blair for their dedication and authorize the interim Government to control, commitment to this mission and we recognize the administer and manage Iraq’s resources and assets. Iraq sacrifices of all coalition forces in helping the people must have a leading role in mechanisms agreed upon of Iraq realize a stable, free and democratic Iraq. We by the Security Council to monitor disbursement of its must also recognize the sacrifices made by our people resources. in this noble cause. The overthrow of the former regime led to the total collapse of the State and its We recognize that the formation of the interim institutions and since April last year we have been Government is a milestone in the broader political working very hard to re-establish Iraq’s security, process as defined in the 15 November agreement, military and police forces. which I presented to the Council in December 2003. In that respect, the Transitional Administrative Law, However, we have yet to reach the stage of being which defines the interim law during this transitional able to maintain our own security and therefore the period, is fundamental to the political process. From people of Iraq need and request the assistance of the now until the end of 2005, the Transitional multinational forces to work closely with Iraqi forces Administrative Law will be the only legal framework to stabilize the situation. I stress that any premature and the interim arrangement that reflects the wishes of departure of international troops would lead to chaos the majority of the Iraqi people for a free, united and and the real possibility of a civil war in Iraq. This democratic Iraq. would cause a humanitarian crisis and provide a foothold for terrorists to launch their evil campaign in Principles enshrined in the Transitional our country and beyond our borders. The continued Administrative Law reflect Iraq’s path of reform and presence of the multinational force will help preserve democratization; the Law regulates the working of the Iraq’s unity, prevent regional intervention in our affairs interim and transitional Governments. Our brothers in and protect our borders at this critical stage of our the League of Arab States welcomed the passing of the reconstruction. Transitional Administrative Law, and we urge the Security Council to endorse and acknowledge this It is an objective reality in Iraq today that we important and historic document. require the continued assistance and partnership of these troops, but we also need this presence to be The continued support of the United Nations for regulated under arrangements that compromise neither the political process is critical to help us meet the the sovereignty of the interim Government nor the right challenges ahead. Here, I would like to outline further of the multinational force to defend itself. Iraqi forces steps taken to ensure a more inclusive process. must be under Iraqi command, but operate in liaison In order to further broaden participation, there are and partnership with the multinational force to achieve plans to hold a national conference — hopefully in July this objective. The transitional Iraqi Government and 2004 — to allow all those parties and individuals who the new must have a say in wish to be represented to have their say in the

3 S/PV.4982 the future presence of these forces and we urge that this ideas, views and visions he outlined for us. We will be reflected in the new draft resolution. spare no effort in addressing them constructively because, in the final analysis, the heart of the issue is I would like to end by reminding the Security Iraq’s future. Iraq itself must be comfortable with and Council of the spirit of cooperation in the process of accept the draft resolution that our deliberations will forming Iraq’s new interim Government and the lead to. significance of its establishment. Of the 32 ministers, six are women, and the Government is the most Thus, I should like to put several questions to representative of the Iraqi people in the history of our Minister Zebari, which I hope will not prove too country. It is significant that the handover of power to awkward for him. the new Government was peaceful and entailed none of First, does Minister Zebari feel that the present the bloodshed that has historically characterized the wording of paragraph 1 of the draft resolution transfer of power in our region. guarantees the Government of Iraq all the authority During the complex process of deliberation that necessary to exercising its sovereignty and functions preceded its formation, national reconciliation and to conducting the internal and external affairs of conferences were held in Arbil and Baghdad that were the country, including security? addressed by Special Adviser Brahimi. We are proud of Secondly, does Minister Zebari believe that the the willingness of all parties involved to compromise wording of paragraph 6 of the draft resolution, relative and make neutral concessions for the greater good of a to the exercise by the Iraqi Government of its authority better future for all Iraqis. The endorsement of Grand over the Iraqi national security forces, is sufficiently Ayatollah Sistani also represents a very positive and strong? Does it really guarantee the full authority of important signal from the highly respected religious Iraq over its forces? Is there a need to be more explicit leader. in the wording of that paragraph? Political development in Iraq is progressive and Thirdly, how does the Minister view the increasingly inclusive and we remain steadfastly relationship between the Iraqi Government and the committed to the clear steps we must take towards multinational force? Does he believe that a letter to the elections in 2005. Only by following this course will Council is enough, or is there a need to refer to some of we preserve Iraq’s territorial integrity and unity and the general principles and specifically to note that the realize a peaceful and prosperous country for our final say regarding the military operations of the people. multinational force falls to the Iraqi Government? Mr. Baali (Algeria) (spoke in Arabic): Allow me Fourthly and lastly, as the Minister has just come at the outset to welcome Minister Zebari to this from Iraq and is more aware of conditions there, does important meeting of the Security Council. I thank him the text of the draft resolution provide for the role that for responding to the Council’s invitation to engage in Iraq wants for the United Nations, or does Iraq have a a dialogue with us today and to share his views and different vision of that role? vision regarding the future of Iraq and what, on the eve of the restoration of its sovereignty and independence, Mr. Negroponte (United States of America): It is that sisterly country expects from the international a pleasure to welcome Mr. Zebari back to the Council, community and, more specifically, from this Council in this time in his capacity as the Foreign Minister of the terms of assistance in building its national institutions Iraqi interim Government. and reconstructing its national economy. Iraq is poised to take a momentous step in its Of course, we are very eager to see Iraq regain its modern history. The new Government named earlier full sovereignty and for its Government to exercise all this week will assume full sovereignty this month, and its competencies and responsibilities and to manage all in coming months it will have the responsibility and the country’s internal and external affairs, including its the authority for leading the people of Iraq to national security aspects, resources and wealth, especially in elections by early next year. The work that lies ahead relation to the management of the Iraqi Development for Minister Zebari’s Government is exhilarating in its Fund. The statement made by Minister Zebari was on promise for the future, but we are sure that that work the right track in that respect and I thank him for the will not be easy. He and his colleagues will be called

4 S/PV.4982 on to demonstrate their commitment to the people of Iraqi Government in its work to bring lasting stability Iraq at a difficult and dangerous time. Those who to Iraq and to allow for free national elections by the deploy terror in an attempt to snatch hopes for the end of January 2005. This will be a true partnership future from the Iraqi people will continue, and perhaps founded on shared goals and tangible cooperation at all even redouble, their insidious and vicious attacks. We levels, from the soldiers on foot patrols to the highest are sadly but acutely aware that Mr. Zebari and his levels of two sovereign Governments. colleagues face personal risks by serving their country. Our work in the Security Council to support the The United States warmly welcomes the Iraqi people will not end with the adoption of this draft formation of a Cabinet of distinguished Iraqi men and resolution or with the end of the occupation. We must women who represent the breadth, talent and diversity confront with resolve and determination those who of Iraqi society. As President Bush said on Tuesday, seek to deny the Iraqi people the opportunity for “The Government has the talent, the commitment and democratic self-government and those who seek to sow the resolve to guide Iraq through the challenges that lie instability, fear and terror in Iraq. The United States ahead”. The United States stands ready to assist the will not flinch in this task. This is work that demands a Government of Iraq in achieving the goal of a secure, shared effort from the international community, democratic Iraq at peace with its neighbours. We look standing shoulder to shoulder with the Iraqi people and to Member States of the United Nations to join us in with the interim Iraqi Government as they move along helping the people of Iraq to realize that vision. the path to elections and to the development of capable institutions for governance and as they work to create a We pay tribute to Ambassador Lakhdar Brahimi, stable, peaceful and democratic future for their country. Special Adviser to the Secretary-General, for his tireless work in setting the stage for a new Prime Mr. Wang Guangya (China) (spoke in Chinese): Minister’s leadership of the Iraqi people. Ambassador The Chinese delegation thanks Mr. Zebari for his Brahimi engaged in a vibrant consultation with briefing. This is the first time that the Security Council hundreds, and even thousands, of Iraqis representing has heard from the representative of the interim Iraqi the diversity of Iraq. We expect to see that process Government on the current situation in that country and continue through the formation of a national council on the new Council draft resolution. We hope to have next month to advise and assist the interim more such opportunities. Government. As stated by Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the Today, as Minister Zebari joins us, the Security formation of the interim Iraqi Government symbolizes Council is considering a draft text circulated by my a new beginning. China welcomes the formation of the delegation and that of the United Kingdom. The draft interim Iraqi Government, and we hope that that will salutes the new moment that we are facing in Iraq’s soon lead to the restoration of full Iraqi sovereignty history: the occupation of Iraq will end, and the Iraqi and to the stabilization of the situation in Iraq. We hope people will assume full responsibility and authority for and trust that, with the broad support of the Iraqi governing a proud and rich nation. The Council’s people and the strong support of the international timely adoption of that draft resolution will bear community, the interim Government will accomplish witness to a fundamental change in the relationship its mission smoothly. between the Security Council and Iraq after nearly 14 The Security Council’s timely adoption of the years since Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait. new draft resolution will be significant for Iraq’s future We welcome Minister Zebari’s presence here in development. To that end, all the parties have adopted New York, and we welcome Iraq’s contribution to the constructive attitudes and have conducted in-depth exchange of views on the draft resolution under consultations on the draft resolution concerning the discussion. In the days ahead, my Government and our Iraqi issue, as proposed by the United States and the Multinational Force partners will engage the incoming United Kingdom. Iraqi Government on a broad range of issues, and in We believe that the new draft resolution should particular on the nature of the security partnership send two clear signals. The first is the termination of between the Multinational Force and the Iraqi people. the military occupation of Iraq to return full The United States is committed to supporting the new sovereignty to the Iraqi people. After 30 June, the

5 S/PV.4982 interim Iraqi Government will exercise full sovereignty Government and the Security Council and is not just in the political, economic, security, judicial and the result of bilateral arrangements or agreements. diplomatic areas. Secondly, the deployment and the We therefore support the idea expressed by other mandate of the multinational force should effectively Council members in former meetings not to limit this respect Iraqi opinion. Prior consultation and consent dialogue with the representatives of the interim should be sought from the interim Iraqi Government on Government to a one-time event. Of course, we would major military operations, to express the fact that the also appreciate it very much if the new political interim Government has full authority. In addition, the leadership were willing to continue these discussions duration of the multinational force should be in with the Council early next week. keeping with the political process in Iraq. The key issues with respect to the future draft We believe that, in our consultations on the draft resolution will, from our perspective, be twofold: first, resolution, we should listen to Iraq’s opinions and to it has to send a clear signal which marks a genuine those of its neighbours. Only when we produce a good break with occupation and thus generates the necessary draft resolution that enjoys broader support will we be acceptance among the Iraqi people; and secondly, it able to actually produce something that will be will have to define the respective roles and conducive to the stabilization of Iraq’s security responsibilities of the interim Government, the situation and to the smooth implementation of Iraq’s multinational force and the former occupying Powers, reconstruction. and the United Nations, in their triangular relationship, I would also like to take this opportunity to ask a in a manner that is consistent with the desired signal of number of questions of Foreign Minister Zebari. First, a transfer of full sovereignty and authority. what are the expectations of the new interim We are fully aware that the presence of some Government of Iraq with regard to a new draft 140,000 foreign troops and of several thousand foreign resolution? Does he have any suggestions in that civilians has to be harmonized with the concept of a regard? Secondly, what are the hopes of the interim real and credible restoration of full sovereignty. While Government regarding the specific role of the United we acknowledge that the revised version of the Nations? And thirdly, what progress has been made American-British draft resolution is an honest attempt with respect to the security agreement as negotiated by to achieve that reconciliation, we believe that there is Iraq and the multinational force? still room for improvement towards a more credible Mr. Pleuger (Germany): I would like to express restoration of Iraqi ownership and full sovereignty, in our appreciation for the presence of our Secretary- particular in three key areas of the text as it stands now. General, at least at the beginning of this meeting, and, My first point pertains to the transfer of of course, we very much welcome the opportunity for sovereignty. In our view, it has be clear that full an exchange of views on the content of the new draft authority is transferred, and I think that I heard from resolution on Iraq with the old and new Foreign the Foreign Minister as well as from the representatives Minister, Mr. Zebari. We have been advocating this of the Coalition that that is the intention. We feel that dialogue all along, because we firmly believe that the any restrictions that might arise in some areas should new Iraqi interim Government must have a say with only be self-imposed restrictions that arise out of the regard to the framework that this draft resolution is character of the interim Government as a caretaker — going to provide for the months to come. as an interim Government. Germany, in the negotiations so far, has always My second point pertains to the duration of the been in favour of an overriding principle — that is, that mandate of the multinational force. We agree with what the political process and the security architecture for was said by the Foreign Minister and by Ambassador this interim period should not be imposed on Iraq by Negroponte that a premature withdrawal of troops the Security Council or by anyone else, even if it is would not be desirable, but we think that a deadline — done with the best of intentions. I think that it is fair to that is, a specific date for the expiration of the force’s say that it is very important for the credibility of that mandate — is an important signal that should be interim framework that it is the result of direct included in the text, notwithstanding the possibility of consultations between the designated interim renewing the mandate or of basing the presence of

6 S/PV.4982 foreign troops in Iraq subsequently on a different legal the economic and political reconstruction of the basis, such as a status-of-forces agreement. country. Furthermore, the clear-cut right of the transitional I should also like to tell Mr. Zebari how useful his Government to terminate the mandate earlier if it so presence here today is. The Security Council has for wishes should be clarified in order to make clear the several weeks been discussing a draft resolution that is fact that it is a fully sovereign Government. crucial to the future of Iraq, and it must, of course, be fully aware of the views and expectations of the Iraqi My third remarks pertain to the security authorities. architecture — the description of the general principles that will govern the sharing of security responsibilities The discussions that we have been having in the between the interim Government and the multinational Security Council for several weeks now have force — the partnership, as it was called by demonstrated, in my view, that all of its members share Ambassador Negroponte. That does not mean going the same objective: the full and entire restoration of into micromanagement, which should be left to the Iraqi sovereignty on 30 June; indeed, that is what parties on the ground. Mr. Zebari told us earlier in his statement. But I would like to pose two questions to the The Iraqi Government that has been formed Foreign Minister in that respect. Which general should, as of 30 June, have full and complete authority principles does he think should be the determining in all areas. factors in the relationship between the multinational Aside from the issue of its composition, we force and his Government, especially if it comes to believe that the Government’s credibility in the eyes of conflicting views on some issues? In that context, my Iraqis will depend on its ability to govern fully and in second question is, the draft resolution refers to a complete independence. At the same time, we all know request of his Government with regard to a further that — as Mr. Zebari has just said — maintaining a presence of the multinational force and to a multinational force in Iraq will remain necessary for multinational-force-related letter to the President of the some time in order to help stabilize the country and Security Council. Could he inform us of its content or assist Iraqis in assuming full responsibility for their elaborate on the current state of affairs? security as soon as possible. We would very much appreciate the views of his We do not think that those two demands are Government on those issues as well as on other aspects contradictory — not necessarily, at least. It is possible of the draft text. Of course, we understand that the to reconcile the restoration of sovereignty with the interim Government has been designated only a few maintenance of a significant foreign military presence. days ago and that it may not yet have had a chance to A sovereign Government and the multinational force discuss all the aspects of the draft resolution in detail, can coexist, while respecting both the full authority of but this, we feel, is an important draft resolution, and the Government and the operational effectiveness of its message may well influence the acceptability of the the force. political transition in Iraq. We are therefore deeply interested in his preliminary views today and look However, from our point of view, it is not enough forward to an ongoing dialogue with those responsible to decree that there be cooperation or a partnership in his country. between the Government of Iraq and the multinational force. Without getting into details and modalities, the Mr. de La Sablière (France) (spoke in French): I general principles and parameters of that cooperation am pleased to welcome Mr. Zebari and to congratulate and partnership must be specified in the resolution. The him on his confirmation as Minister for Foreign Iraqi interim Government must have complete Affairs. We have taken note of the formation of the authority over its security forces and its armed forces. Iraqi interim Government that will begin to function on It is the Government’s decision whether to make those 30 June. We hope that that Government will be fully forces available to the multinational force, if they deem successful in the very difficult task that will be facing it necessary or desirable to do so. The Iraqi forces it until the elections. France, for its part, is prepared to should therefore not be engaged in the operations of work with the Government of Iraq and to contribute to

7 S/PV.4982 the multinational force without the consent of the As he said, the first step in the political process Government of Iraq. has been taken with the appointment of the sovereign interim Government. As he said, it is the best possible We also believe that the multinational force result in the present circumstances. It is a compromise. should carry out its mandate in close coordination with Like all compromises, it is perhaps not the optimal the Iraqi Government. The Iraqi Government’s prior situation, but it is based on reality. We agree with him consent must be obtained for certain large-scale that the key idea of the resolution that the Council operations that could have significant political adopts should be the full transfer of sovereignty to the implications. Can we take the risk of repeating the Iraqis beginning on 30 June. We believe that the Fallujah scenario, when one of the major challenges the appointment of the interim Government is an important new Government will face is the effort for national step in that direction, as well as in the timetable of the dialogue and reconciliation in the run-up to the political transition towards full democracy. elections. This Government deserves a chance to carry out We believe it is critical that the Iraqi its specific tasks for a limited period. Now, the Government — in any case, the Government resulting challenge falls upon us in the Security Council to from the elections — be able to decide freely to prepare a good resolution that truly contributes to the terminate the mandate of the multinational force. That full transfer of sovereignty to the interim Government, decision is up to it alone. without ambiguity, with the greatest possible clarity I note that the principles I have just mentioned and, if possible, with additional inputs from the Iraqi have all been the subject of agreeing public statements Government itself over the coming days. by high-level leaders of the Coalition and of countries We have already made considerable progress, but not belonging to the Coalition, including mine. It the text still needs to shed more light on the therefore seems that there is broad consensus on those relationship between the sovereign interim Government principles. Given that situation, it should be possible to and the multinational force. It must reaffirm the include those principles in the resolution under principles of international law and international discussion if we deem it necessary to send a clear and humanitarian law. It must specify more clearly the end credible signal to the people of Iraq that their of the mandate of the multinational force, with the Government will be fully responsible and that the understanding that the force will be required for a temporary presence of the multinational force does not significant length of time, as Minister Zebari himself mean their sovereignty is being challenged. indicated. Finally, it is the opinion and the expectations of In that context, I would like to take this the Iraqi people that should guide the Council’s work. opportunity to ask three questions that might help the The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iraq has already Council in its work of preparing the draft resolution. mentioned several of the points to which I have referred. We would be very grateful to him if he could First, in the stage prior to the selection of the provide us with further information on those points. We interim Government, some criteria were set out with also hope that we will have the opportunity to continue respect to the future interim Government of Iraq. In our discussions with him. We were very happy about that connection, I would like to know whether the new the exchange that we had this morning and about the Government adopted or considered the condition that exchanges that we will have with other Iraqi officials individuals appointed as members of the interim in coming days. Government could not be candidates in the elections scheduled for January of next year. Mr. Muñoz (Chile) (spoke in Spanish): First, I welcome the presence of Foreign Minister Zebari, who Secondly, I would like to know what, in the is with us in the Council again, but this time in a opinion of the Foreign Minister, are fundamental different capacity. It seems to us that his suggestions elements that would enable the interim Government to and recommendations are absolutely fundamental to exercise its full authority in accordance with the adopting a good resolution on the future of Iraq in this sovereignty it will have as of 30 June. In other words, very important period. what are the indispensable components that comprise

8 S/PV.4982 full and complete sovereignty and that Mr. Zebari and Iraqi people to exercise full sovereignty and to bring others would like to see reflected in the resolution? about the earliest possible restoration of security and stability and the reconstruction of their country. Finally, we have read in the press some statements attributed to members of the interim We look forward to hearing a detailed report from Government on the subject of security. For that reason, Mr. Brahimi in the near future and to obtaining his and picking up on Minister Zebari’s own words evaluation of the situation and of future prospects. We referring to full control of the Iraqi forces, we would listened with interest and attention to the statement like to know whether the new Iraqi authorities hope to made by Foreign Minister Zebari in the Security have such full and effective control of the country’s Council today. My delegation will be responsive to the armed forces and security forces. How do they hope to views of the Iraqi interim Government in its ensure coordination with the multinational force? consideration of the draft resolution which the Security Council is currently considering. In that context, I I would like to pose one more question, to which would like to offer some comments and pose a few Minister Zebari should not feel obliged to respond. questions to the Foreign Minister. What policy will be adopted towards the militias that currently exist on the ground? That could be a problem Foreign Minister Zebari mentioned that more than for the political process that lies ahead. 400 political groups have mushroomed in Iraq; obviously not all of them are represented in the interim Mr. Akram (Pakistan): Since the inception of the arrangements. We would like to know whether the crisis in Iraq last year, Pakistan has been guided by the interim Government intends to continue efforts to interests and welfare of the Iraqi people — before the ensure the broadest possible inclusiveness of various war, during the war and after the war. Following the political groups and to evoke the widest possible war in Iraq, Pakistan pleaded for full respect for certain support from the Iraqi people. basic principles: Iraqi sovereignty and the interests of the Iraqi people; the unity and territorial integrity of Secondly, we have noted that the Iraqi interim Iraq; and Iraq’s control over its own natural resources. Government wishes to have full authority; in that We were glad that those principles were reflected in context we would like to inquire whether it would resolution 1483 (2003) and subsequent resolutions envisage any limitations on this authority through a adopted by the Council. self-imposed restraint. The people of Iraq, Foreign Minister Zebari has told us, need — and have requested As we all acknowledge today, Iraq is entering a the multinational force — to help stabilize the security new phase in its political existence. An interim situation. We would be grateful to learn his evaluation Government has been formed, and it has claimed all the of the principal sources of the security threat faced by attributes of full sovereignty. As we have been advised, Iraq today. Secondly, does the interim Government the formation of the interim Government, through a have in mind any time frame with regard to the consultative process led by the Secretary-General and presence of the multinational force his special envoy, Mr. Lakhdar Brahimi, is a first step in the transition to a fully representative Government. Foreign Minister Zebari also mentioned that the The role of the United Nations and of Mr. Brahimi is, multinational force will have to be regulated and that a in our view, a vital one in fostering acceptance of the partnership will be established between the Iraqi Iraqi interim Government within and outside the authorities and the multinational force. We would like country. to know whether consideration has already been given to the nature of this partnership in the security sphere The Government of Pakistan has welcomed the and whether the establishment of any mechanisms has appointment of the interim Iraqi administration as a been envisaged for the purposes of regulating that step towards restoration of a fully representative partnership. Government in the country. Pakistan hopes that Iraq, under the interim administration, will exercise full Finally, I would like to leave a few questions for sovereignty, which will lend it credibility, protect Iraq’s the Foreign Minister’s consideration. Perhaps the Iraqi unity and territorial integrity and help restore security delegation could respond later if it cannot do so at the and stability in the country. Pakistan also hopes that the moment. These relate to the provisions in the draft United Nations will play a central role in assisting the resolution concerning the arms embargo and to the

9 S/PV.4982 international monitoring body over the Iraqi that there will be stability, democracy and economic development fund. Does the interim Government feel prosperity in the country. We must be sure that we are that these provisions are consistent with the provision acting in accordance with the views of the Iraqis and of full sovereignty and full authority to the Iraqi that we are not imposing our will on them. In that Government? regard, we wish to hear from the interim Government specific ideas with respect to international assistance Finally, we expect that the interim Government for Iraq, particularly in the political, economic, military will also soon establish contacts and consultations with and humanitarian areas. We will take those its neighbours. We would be happy to learn of any considerations into account in our future work on the plans for such contacts and cooperation, which we Council’s draft resolution on Iraq. believe will enhance security and stability, both in Iraq and elsewhere in the region. We also recommend that the head of the interim Government, with a number of ministers, come to New Mr. Konuzin (Russian Federation) (spoke in York to meet with the members of the Security Russian): We are grateful to Mr. Zebari for his Council. An alternative could be to hold a meeting in statement. the region, which would give Iraq’s neighbours an On 1 June, the Iraqi interim Government was opportunity to participate actively in the dialogue with formed and the temporary Governing Council the Iraqi leadership. dissolved. Earlier, the Secretary-General briefed us on Now I wish to ask several questions. First, what the results of the mission to Iraq of his special envoy, are the priority areas? According to which priorities Mr. Brahimi. We look forward to the report of does the interim Government wish to receive Mr. Brahimi himself. international assistance from the international Russia has always advocated the prompt community? What role could the United Nations play restoration of the full sovereignty of Iraq. To do that, it in that regard? is very important that the Iraqi people recognize the My second question concerns the situation interim Government as the country’s main political regarding the file on Iraq’s weapons of mass force. In that regard, my delegation welcomes what the destruction, as no weapons of mass destruction have Secretary-General has said in the Council’s been found. We believe that the draft resolution being consultations, that the Iraqis themselves will need to prepared by the Security Council on Iraq must clearly judge their Government on the basis not of statements answer the question of who will be responsible for but of the Government’s specific actions. My searching for traces of weapons of mass destruction delegation also found another comment of the and for maintaining the safety of the sites and all Secretary-General to be of value, that security in the materials found under the monitoring of the United country cannot be ensured by military means alone and Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection that we must try to ensure that the most vocal Mission (UNMOVIC) and the International Atomic Government critics are included in the upcoming Energy Agency (IAEA). What does the Minister think national dialogue. about the work of the IAEA and UNMOVIC being We hope that the interim Government will be able resumed simultaneous to the transfer of power to the to make a significant contribution to establishing interim Government in order to deploy in Iraq a long- national institutions and a system of government and to term disarmament monitoring system based on Security meet challenges such as establishing internal stability, Council resolutions? restoring the economy and the social infrastructure and My third question, which others delegations have establishing law and order. It is our view that the already asked about, has to do with the interaction international community, led by the United Nations, between the interim Government and the multinational must give as much assistance as possible to the people force. And the last question: does the Minister believe of Iraq to achieve those goals. it important to consider convening an international The Security Council is working on a draft conference, possibly in several stages, as an instrument resolution on Iraq. It is our job to ensure that the to provide a tool for the Iraqi settlement process? How people of Iraq are united and sovereign once again and does the Minister feel about that idea?

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Mr. Motoc (Romania): I also heartily welcome establishment of a permanent Government in Iraq. It is the presence today in the Security Council of the Iraqi critically important that the political process for Minister for Foreign Affairs, His Excellency Mr. restoring sovereignty to Iraq is fully accepted and Hoshyar Zebari. It is indeed the first opportunity, after supported by the people of Iraq. the formation of the interim Government of Iraq, for As many have stressed within and outside the the members of the Council to hear the views and the United Nations, Iraqi ownership of the process must be expectations of that Government about how the a guiding principle in this exercise. The legitimacy of Council can best assist Iraqis transform their the process in the eyes of the Iraqi people will be a key aspirations into realities. element in ensuring that democracy and stability take I wish to take this opportunity to recognize the deep root in the country. We have an important role to presence earlier of the Secretary-General. play in achieving this goal. The United Nations is also to be credited for Our approaches to this objective might diverge, having come as far as it has, listening today to such a but one thing is clear: Iraq requires the participation forward-looking, self-confident vision statement by a and cooperation of the international community, the proud representative of the new Iraq. United Nations plans and programmes, and other stakeholders to place Iraq on track to peace and The Brahimi and Perelli missions have already stability. The leading role of the United Nations in this produced a valuable outcome. My Government effort will be the critical foundation of a diplomatic welcomed the formation of the interim Government on consensus among all major players to extend help in 1 June as an important step toward the transfer of full the Iraqi reconstruction. Our efforts will be futile sovereignty to Iraq on 30 June. It was also the view without the input of those who will be directly affected that, with the interim Government in place, the political by our actions: the Iraqi people themselves. The process in Iraq has entered a new and important stage. Security Council thus benefits immensely from the It is our sincere hope that the interim Government will presence here today of Minister Zebari, who has be able to solidify thinking, keep the aspirations of the provided us with a clear presentation on the desires and Iraqi people united and have a bold start in managing aspirations of the Iraqi people to the establishment of a the most complex task ahead — the proper new Iraq. implementation of the political calendar in organizing free and fair elections in Iraq. Whatever action the Council may take, it should consider the various elements that Minister Zebari As far as we in the Security Council are explained, especially on allowing the Iraqi people concerned, I would like to restate once more Romania’s freely to determine their own political future. There are resolve to promote the adoption of a new resolution on many issues that demand our attention. Many of them Iraq that best assists the daunting transformation will have to be discussed and debated in later days, processes in that country. Minister Zebari’s comments either in this forum or in other forums that we will earlier seem to indicate that we are on the right track. I have on Iraq, but the Council will certainly be guided wish to reassure Foreign Minister Zebari of Romania’s by what the Iraqis themselves need, as Minister Zebari firm commitment to continue to support the transitional told us. The points he raised and his responses to processes under way in Iraq, in particular the questions by Council members are elements that we stabilization efforts carried out by the multinational should ponder as the Council deliberates on a draft force and the institutional and economic reconstruction resolution that spells out the framework of action for of the country. Iraq. The President: While waiting for the I now resume my functions as President of the representative of the United Kingdom to speak, allow Council. me to make a brief statement in my capacity as the representative of the Philippines. We attach great importance to the reconstruction of Iraq. We are also convinced that the United Nations is playing a role in the political process leading to the

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Sir Emyr Jones Parry (United Kingdom): I am Minister Zebari laid stress on sovereignty, but sorry about the unorthodox order of my presentation. none of that process is inconsistent either with Iraq’s having full sovereignty or, at that same time — as the May I join those colleagues who have welcomed Minister recognized, and I hope colleagues heard this Minister Zebari’s presence with us and, in particular, very clearly — with the troops having the right of self- the words he addressed to us today, which were very defence and the detailed implementation of operations powerful and moving. I think this is an occasion for all resting under the military command of the of us to see, rightfully in this Chamber, a representative multinational force. That is my understanding of the of Iraq deliver that sort of message. partnership. I am pleased that the Minister seems to We are also particularly grateful to Lakhdar have exactly the same perception of that and that it Brahimi for what he has done and the key role he should come through very clearly in the draft played in actually facilitating the production of what resolution which we will adopt quite soon and in the has been described as the best possible outcome letter which actually sets out, as I said before, the achievable. What we now need is the maximum Government’s wishes — that is to say, Iraqi security support of the international community and for all of us forces answering to the Minister’s Government. to support Iraq, its Government and its people. In the view of the British Government, however, I particularly welcome Minister Zebari’s very if consent for the multinational force is withdrawn, strong endorsement of the draft text on the table. I read then the pillar on which the force is based also falls. It very carefully the comments he made on it and I was would be clear that the force could not continue, but struck that the points he emphasized are points which that is not the emphasis that any of us wants to put on the Council has addressed and which, I believe, are in it. The Minister has rightly put it in the positive — the the process of being fully reflected in the text that is positive that Iraq needs and wants this force and that before us. It is right that the text should emphasize that that is why we have a partnership. full sovereignty, without any qualification in the The partnership has to go much wider. It is what security dimension or elsewhere, will pass to the the international community must now do to rally people of Iraq and to the Government which is now behind Iraq and to support Minister Zebari and the coming into being. It is right that the United Nations courage that he and is colleagues are displaying to take should take on the leading role in the political process. Iraq through this interim stage, through elections and to The Minister put forward very clearly the view of the end of a political process. I think the United Nations incoming Government that the multinational force is can do more, give him every support in that endeavour necessary, that it is needed and that it is wanted. and wish him every success with it. It is on that basis — the prior condition for the The President: I now give the floor to the presence of the force to continue — that this Council Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iraq, Mr. Hoshyar should give a fresh mandate for that operation to Zebari, to respond to questions from Council members. continue. But it should do so in a way that demonstrates that the force will operate in partnership Mr. Zebari (Iraq): I will start answering the with the Government, that there will be a process set in questions in order. train and that both the draft resolution before us and First, to my good friend the Ambassador of the letter which we expect very soon from the Prime Algeria, I will speak in Arabic. Minister of Iraq will set out precisely how the Government wants the force to operate. This (spoke in Arabic) partnership should be based on an understanding that a I thank him for his kind words. The draft national security council should tackle the big issues resolution is extremely important to us in Iraq, to the and should work to get agreement on precisely how the region and to other Arab countries. With regard to the force should carry out certain operations and the broad questions that he raised, I should like to state that the strategic direction for the operation of the multinational current wording of the draft resolution on the nature of force. the sovereignty, the terms of reference of the Government and so on is quite adequate. Our understanding of sovereignty is that it would be for and

12 S/PV.4982 enjoyed by the Iraqi people and that the Government very important that the people feel and see that. So any should run its own affairs, be free to make its own language to consolidate and help us get to that point decision and have control over Iraqi security affairs. It would be very welcomed by us. should also control the country’s financial resources The following is a point that I highlighted in my and represent the Iraqi people in international forums. statement. Yes, we need the multinational force to help As for its terms of reference, as I mentioned in us; we need the Council’s efforts; we need assistance my statement earlier, we understand that the ongoing from Member States and from the rest of the presence of the multinational force is needed more by international community. Iraq is no longer a local Iraq than by the United States, the United Kingdom or issue; it has become a regional and international issue. Poland. We need that force and I have so stated very In fact, when we speak of the main front in the war clearly to Arab leaders and Ministers for Foreign against international terrorism, that is real to us; we Affairs, the Organization of the Islamic Conference and feel it; we sense it. We are in the trenches every day. the League of Arab States. Iraq is not like other countries such as Afghanistan or Somalia. In fact, the collapse of the Iraqi State would The dangers are great and will be exacerbated if a have a huge impact on the entire region and on the security vacuum should be created. We are not yet Council’s interests as well. We have constantly told prepared; we have not completed our security or those of our neighbours who believe that continued military preparations sufficiently to be able to say instability in Iraq will be in their interests that they are good-bye to the multinational force. At this point — making a fatal mistake. We have all seen the recent we say this very clearly, without any hesitation or spate of terrorist attacks in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, feeling of shame — we are more concerned about the and Istanbul, and that is just the beginning if we lose fate of many thousands of Iraqis, about the country’s this battle, this confrontation. This is really a struggle future and about the situation in the country. It is between two wills regarding what kind of country we important to us that Iraqi forces be under Iraqi want to establish. leadership. We should use our imagination to achieve a kind of coordination among Iraqi forces and their Of course, we really want clear references to the leadership and the leaders of the multinational force so status of the multinational force, to their operations and that they can work together as partners in meeting the to their relations of cooperation with the Iraqi interim security threats confronting us. Government in a spirit of partnership. At this stage — here, I will be very honest; one can ask any member of There will definitely be correspondence between the Iraqi Government or any Iraqi politician about the Iraqi interim Government and the Security Council, this — a call for immediate withdrawal or a fixed and the continued presence of the multinational force deadline or timetable would be very, very unhelpful. It will definitely depend upon Iraqi approval — as would be used by enemies to complicate the problems opposed to the situation under resolution 1483 (2003) even further. If we are ready to assume responsibility, it or 1511 (2003), in which the multinational force was can be done as soon as possible. But, as we can see, there as an occupying force, against the wishes of the these attacks have a pattern: they are all politically Iraqi people. This time, the force will be there by motivated. As we pass through each stage, we see that approval of the representatives of the Iraqi people. This the forces that want to derail this process are coming is all I can say about that. back and playing politics with bombs and suicide (spoke in English) missions. The representative of China asked two questions We also really need the sovereign Iraqi concerning what we need to see in this draft resolution. Government to have control national resources and the In my statement, I believe I enumerated the points that country’s finances. It would be difficult to justify the are important for us. But, to repeat them briefly, I think operation of a sovereign Government if that we need the draft resolution to be clear and Government were not able to manage its own finances. unambiguous and to reflect full sovereignty very So I believe Iraq needs to be represented fully in clearly. In particular, the people of Iraq need to see that whatever mechanisms or supervisory boards are this is a genuine transfer of sovereignty and authority envisaged in that area so that it can have an important to them, not a cosmetic attempt in that process. It is or leading role in that regard.

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In addition, because we really cannot operate in a think that for us the first element is very important — legal vacuum, we want a reference or an that Iraqi forces, the military, the police, security acknowledgement to the effect that the Transitional forces, intelligence and whatever other arrangements Administrative Law is very important for us, because exist should come under Iraqi control and Iraqi every step that we take now or in the future will be command, and that they not be part and parcel of the implemented under that Law. multinational force or under foreign command. We are talking about full sovereignty. I think that we should These are our main points. We welcome a very say that very clearly and loudly. important and central role for the United Nations in this process. In fact, in the political, electoral and There is also an understanding from our friends reconstruction processes, we will need the United and allies. They are helping us to build these forces. Nations in many ways. I think there is now a greater They are investing money, giving assistance and realization that the United Nations has an important making sacrifices to train our police, our army and so role to play than when we experienced difficulties in on. But leading up to that we need our own command, December or January. Yes, that role is dangerous and let us say, to be there and to liaise or coordinate challenging, but when has the United Nations not through certain structures. I think that this is the first carried out its work in difficult circumstances? We condition. welcome that role. I believe that Mr. Brahimi and the The second principle is that we think that the recent United Nations mission did a remarkable job. It Iraqi interim Government and the Iraqi transitional was risky and very dangerous for the members of the Government really should have a say about the final team, but they rose to the challenge, and we are very status of these forces. We need them. The question is a proud of their positive and constructive re-engagement. hypothetical one. I think that we are going to need Our friend the representative of Germany raised a these forces for quite some time, but, as a sovereign number of questions, and I will address them. But I Government, we must definitely have a say in that would also like to make a number of comments, respect; it will not be open-ended forever. But we must because we think it is important to clarify several have a say in the duration of the mandate of these things. forces. I think these are the two elements that we have tried to explain. We are here as the representative of the Iraqi interim Government, and we can speak on behalf of the I think that the Prime Minister, Mr. Ayad Allawi, Prime Minister and the new arrangements. We did not and the Cabinet held their official meeting today and read the text only a couple of days ago; we read it addressed this issue frankly today. We have been in weeks ago, when it was first distributed, and we are constant consultation and contact with them and are completely familiar with it. We could take an considering preparing those letters on behalf of the examination on it, explaining, item by item, what the Iraqi interim Government. draft resolution entails and what it contains, because I appreciate very much the comments of the this is not an academic exercise for us; this is our Ambassador of France, and I also enjoyed very much future. So we definitely know what we are talking our discussion this morning and the exchange of views. about and what is at risk. I appreciate his support for the draft resolution’s being Secondly, I would say that we in the new Iraqi adopted by consensus, to show the people of Iraq and Government are open to any consultation, at whatever of the world that the Security Council is united in its level the Council deems necessary, as it is very desire to see a truly sovereign Iraqi Government important for us to reach out to as many people, as assuming real authority and power and overcoming many members as possible. current difficulties. I think that is a shared objective that we in Iraq highly appreciate and for which we I answered some of the questions posed by the express our thanks. representative of Germany, but let me say this with respect to his two main questions on the principal two The Ambassador of Chile raised a number of elements that we need to see in any arrangement or questions. I will start with the last one, about the fate agreement to regulate relations between the Iraqi of the militias. We have been working for some time interim Government and the multinational force. I with the Combined Joint Task Force and the Coalition

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Provisional Authority to dissolve them and, according I think I have answered the question about the to the transitional administrative law, to abolish or to time frame. I tried to answer the question about the put an end to all militias, whoever they are made up of, partnership. Concerning the reference to the arms that are working and operating outside of the law. That embargo in the draft text, I think that this is the first includes Shi’a and Kurdish, political parties, and time this has come up, which is a very hopeful sign for integrating all of those militias into the new Iraqi army Iraq, which was under embargo for so many years and the new Iraqi army formations. under the previous regime — at least there is an opening, and we should build on that. The process has already started. One of the problems that we have faced recently with Moqtada Al- Concerning the international development fund Sadr is the use of violence and arms to prove a point or monitoring board, I think we have discussed this issue to see recognition. Our position has been that there is with our friends, and we are going to raise it. Yes, we really another way to be represented; the political need a stronger Iraqi representation on that board and process is open, and if one seeks recognition, there are we must have a stronger say and not be merely elections and other ways to do it. One does not need to symbolically represented. In fact, we need to be resort to violence in order to make a point. strongly represented on that board. That is the position of the Iraqi interim On the question of neighbours — the neighbours Government. There will be no place — no room — for are very important and helpful, and we should engage militias in Iraq, apart from the one Iraqi army and the them. I personally attended the most recent conference police forces. Yes, we do need our country to have of Iraq’s neighbouring countries, and our relations are control over security, authority over security, and this very good. I would describe them as very progressive has been an issue we have discussed. We have differed with all the countries — with Iran, Turkey, Syria, sometimes with our Coalition friends. Security is a Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. We have been complex issue. It is not only the use of force; it informing them and explaining to them how important definitely involves intelligence, political and economic Iraq’s security and stability is, and we need their issues, the closure of borders — so it is a multifaceted cooperation, we need their support. They can play a approach, the way we see it. We are making progress in very constructive role in helping us stabilize, and we training and in getting better intelligence. In particular, have introduced our list to them — what they can do to many new security agencies have been established help us. We are reaching out to them, but at the same recently. The Defence Ministry has been re-established, time it is very important — as, I think, they understand and the National Intelligence Service has been re- — that we, the Iraqi people, should freely determine established. We are making progress with the border our political future without anything being dictated or police and with the other military and security imposed, while at the same time respecting their formations. legitimate national security interests in the region. That is how we are dealing with that issue. I will skip some of the questions, because I have answered some of them. I will go through some of the With regard to the other question put by the questions posed and remarks made by the Ambassador representative of the Russian Federation, I have of Pakistan. I referred to 400 political parties, groups described the United Nations role we expect. We need and associations. That is the number that we have a leading role for the United Nations: a truly engaged, managed to count; it is an ongoing process. One positive role. That will not be easy, and assistance is definitely cannot include everyone, but in the context needed from the Security Council and from Member of the political process the political conference is States at large. Terrorists, who are blinded by hatred coming up, which will include others. We will have the and a culture of death and killing, make no distinctions elections — the local electoral commissions, let us among humanitarian organizations and their say — in which they can participate. We are not trying representatives, Western diplomats or military to be exclusive; we are trying to be inclusive. But one commanders in the field. All of them have become definitely cannot include every Iraqi political, tribal or “legitimate” targets for terrorists, and they need religious leader. security and protection for their operations and their facilities. I think the draft resolution very clearly

15 S/PV.4982 addresses the need for a unit of multinational forces to We are asking for those things publicly and openly, protect such operations and installations. with the United Nations as the main body in that connection. We have welcomed the United Nations; we On the question of weapons of mass destruction have called on the United Nations; we have urged the and the International Atomic Energy Agency, we United Nations to be re-engaged and to come and help understand that this issue is still outstanding — left us. In my personal view, internationalizing the issue over from previous resolutions. We have discussed it could complicate the matter, although there are so among ourselves in the new Administration. But at this many ways in which Member countries can help, stage it is too soon to address it. bilaterally or through the Security Council or the The idea of an international conference has been United Nations. on the table for quite some time. We Iraqis want as Finally, I appreciated very much the kind words much international support and aid as possible to help of the representative of the United Kingdom. us achieve our goal of a stable, peaceful and prosperous country. In my personal view — and I will I think I have answered all the questions. I thank be very honest and direct — I think an international Council members for their patience. conference is long overdue. Such a conference should The President: I thank the Minister for Foreign have taken place much, much earlier. Now, I think, we Affairs of Iraq for the clarifications he has provided. have passed the time: we have a political plan; we have other arrangements. If we compare our situation with There are no further speakers on my list. The that of Afghanistan for instance, I think the time gap Security Council has thus concluded the present stage becomes apparent. Let us also answer the question of of its consideration of the item on its agenda. what a conference would achieve in terms of The meeting rose at 6.05 p.m. consolidating international support and involvement.

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