Barron's AP Human Geography - Unit 4 Study online at quizlet.com/_1d3jsx 1. Antecedent A boundary line established before an 15. Electoral Vote The decision of a particular state elector boundaries area is populated that represents the dominant views on that elector's state. 2. Balkanization The contentious political process by which a state may break up into smaller 16. Elongated State A state whose territory is long and narrow countries in shape. 3. Buffer State A relatively small country sandwiched 17. Enclaves Any small and relatively homogeneous between two larger powers. The existence group or region surrounded by another of buffer states may help to prevent larger and different group or region dangerous conflicts between powerful 18. European Union Int'l organization of European countries, countries. promotes free trade. (abbreviation is fine) 4. Centrifugal forces that tend to divide a country. 19. Exclave A bounded territory that is part of a forces particular state but is separated from it by 5. Centripetal forces that tend to unite or bind a country the territory of a different state. forces together 20. Federalism A system of gov't in which power is 6. Colonialism The expansion and perpetuation of an distributed among territories rather than empire centralized 7. Commonwealth confederacy of independent states of the 21. Fragmented A state that includes several discontinuous of Independent former soviet union that have united State pieces of territory. Ex) Philippines States because of their common economic and 22. Frontier An area where borders are constantly administrative needs shifting and weak, and where different 8. Compact State A state in which the distance from the countries lay claim to the land center to any boundary does not vary 23. Geometric Political boundaries that are defined and significantly. Boundary delimited by straight lines. 9. Confederation A form of int'l organization that brings 24. Geopolitics the study of the interplay between political several autonomous states together for a relations and the territorial context in common purpose which they occur 10. Democratization Process establishing fair and accountable 25. Gerrymandering The designation of voting districts to favor forms of government led by elected a particular political party/candidate officials 26. Heartland Hypothesis proposed by Halford 11. Devolution The delegation of authority from a central theory MacKinder that held that any political gov't to lower levels of political power based in the heart of Eurasia could organization gain enough strength to eventually 12. Domino Theory the idea that political destabilization in one dominate the world. country can lead to collapse of political 27. Imperialism The perpetuation of a colonial empire stability in neighboring countries, starting even after it is no longer politically a chain reaction of collapse sovereign 13. East/West Divide geographic separation between the 28. International an alliance of two or more countries largely democratic and free-market Organization seeking cooperation with each other countries of Western Europe and the without giving up either's autonomy or Americas from the communist and socialist self-determination countries of Eastern Europe and Asia 29. Landlocked a state that is completely surrounded by 14. Electoral College a certain number of electors from each state the land of other states, which gives it a state proportional to and seemingly disadvantage in terms of accessibility to representative of that state's population. and from international trade routes each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency's 30. Law of the sea Law establishing states rights and choice. the candidate who receives a responsibilities concerning the ownership higher proportion of electoral votes within and use of the earth's seas and oceans a state receives all the electoral votes for and their resources. that state 31. Lebensraum Hitler's expansionist theory based on a 49. Relic old political boundaries that no longer exist drive to acquire "living space" for the boundaries as international borders, but that have left German people. an enduring mark on the local cultural or enviromental geography 32. Microstate A state or territory that is small in both size and population. 50. Rimland Nicholas Spykman's theory that the theory domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia 33. NAFTA A trade agreement between Canada, the would provided the base for world United States and Mexico that conquest. encourages free trade between these North American countries. Opened up 51. Self- the right of a nation to govern itself borders. (Abbreviation) determination autonomously 34. Nation tightly knit group of people sharing a 52. Sovereignty Supreme or independent political power common language, ethnicity, religion, 53. State a politically organized body of people under and other cultural attributes. a single government. Recognized by int'l 35. Nationalism Pride in one's own nation to the point community where you hold it above others 54. Stateless A group of people with a common history 36. Nation-state a country whose population possesses a nation that doesn't have it's own sovereign country. substantial degree of cultural Ex) Kurds. homogeneity and unity 55. States' rights Rights and powers believed to be those of 37. NATO an international organization, joined for the state's, rather than the feds military purposes 56. Subsequent Boundary line established after an area has 38. North/South The economic division between the boundaries been settled that considers the social and divide wealthy countries of Europe and North cultural characteristics of the area America, Australia and Japan and 57. Superimposed boundary line drawn in an area ignoring generally poorer countries of Asia Africa boundaries the existing cultural pattern and Latin America. 58. Supranational organization of 3 or more states to promote 39. OPEC Abbreviation-An int'l econ organization organization shared activities. Ex) NAFTA whose members produce and export oil 59. Territorial A dispute over land ownership 40. Organic Theory the view that states resemble biological dispite organisms with life cycles that include stages of youth, maturity, and old age 60. Territorial political organization that distributes political organization power in more easily governed units of land 41. Perforated state A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state. Ex) 61. Theocracy A state whose government is either believed South Africa to be divinely guided or a state under control of a group of religious leaders 42. Physical Political Boundaries that correspond with boundary physical features such as mountains or 62. Unitary State A state governed as a unit, without internal rivers. divisions 43. Political The spatial analysis of political 63. United A global supranational organization geography phenomena and processes. Nations established at the end of WWII, to foster int'l security and cooperation 44. Popular vote The tally of the vote of the individuals in an area 45. Prorupted state A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension, leading away from the main territory. Ex Thailand 46. Reapportionment the process of reallocation of electoral seats in territories 47. Rectangular state A state that is rectangular in shape. Ex) Hungary 48. Redistricting The drawing of a new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes..