Al!1stral iaVJ S~stematic ~·· .·. BotaVJ~ Societ~ . NEWSLETTER No 69 DECEMBE~ 1991.

Dodonaea heteromorpha West

· Price: $5.00 Registered by Australia Post Publication No. NBH 8068 ISSN 1034-1218 AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY SOCIETY IN CORPORATED

Office Bearers

President

Dr' J.G. West Australian National Herbarium GPO Box 1600 CANBERRA ACf 2601 Tel (06) 246 5113 Fax (06) 246 5000

Vice President Secretary Treasurer

Dr G.P. Guymer Dr B.J. Conn Dr· D.B. Foreman Queensland Herbarium National Herbiuium of NSW National Herbarium of Victoria Meiers Road · Mrs Macquaries Road BirdwOod A venue INDOOROOPILLY QLD 4068 SYDNEY NSW 2000 SOUTII YARRA VIC 3141 _ .Tel (07) 377 9320 Tel (02) 231 8131 Tel (03) 655 2300 Fax (07) ~870 32-76 Fax (02) 251 4403. Fax (03} 650 59l7

Councillors

Dr J.A. Chappill Dr J.M •. Powell Department of Botany National Herbarium of NSW University of Western Australia Mrs Macquaries Road NEDLANDS WA 60W SYDNEY NSW 2000 Tel (09) 380 2212 Tel (02) 231 8139 Fax (09) 380 1001 F~ (02) 251 4403

Affiliated Society,

Papua New Guinea Botanical Society

Australian Botantcal Liaison Officer

Dr P.S. Short Royal Botanic Gardens Kew ~Richmond, Surrey. TW9 3AB. ENGLAND. Tel44-81-940-1171 Fax 44-81-332-0920 . Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 1

EDITORIAL

This issue is actually being sent out before several years, which the current council decided to Christmas, which makes it the earliest that we've finally get to press. Naturally, they looked to their ever completed an issue. This was achieved by trusting editors for guidance, and we were silly simply ignoring all late contributions (except those enough not to look pointedly in the other direction. from the council, which are always chronically With any luck (and a lot of hard work), the remain­ late). ing parts will appear during the coming year. We have now survived a year in the editing For those of you who are interested, the first business, and we are actually to the stage where quotation from Mark Twain in the last editorial we don't cringe when other people look at the fin­ (about Napoleon shooting at an editor and missing ished product. This doesn't mean that we are and hitting a publisher instead) is apparently a ref­ necessarily pleased with the each issue, but simply erence to the death of Johann Palm. He was a that we have worked out how to produce them German publisher who had been printing subver­ without sleepless nights. We do, however, defi­ sive pamphlets, causing Napoleon to personally nitely cringe when Barry and Judy plead to have a order his execution. A much earlier commentary on late contribution put in, or suddenly change their this incident is provided by the English poet mind about an official notice. Thomas Campbell, who gave a toast to Napoleon at Anyway, we'd like to thank all of those people an author's dinner with the words:- who have contributed to the Newsletter over the 1 agree with you that Napoleon. is a tyrant, a past twelve months. The last four issues certainly monster, the sworn foe of our nation. But gentle~ haven't been any shorter than the previous ones! men- he once shot a publisher! Enclosed with this issue is the first of a multi­ -Notes and Queries part index to the contents of the earlier issues of the Newsletter. This project has been an on-going David Morrison (largely voluntary) effort by many people over Barbara Wiecek

Pacific 2 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

ARTICLES

Buddleja - Where is it in Australia? Barry J. Conn and Elizabeth A. Brown National Herbarium of New South Wales

Introduction anthers inserted in the upper quarter of the corolla tube, barely included This largely tropical or subtropical genus 6 Inflorescence spike-like; fruit a capsule; occurs naturally throughout America, Africa, and leaves crenate-serrate 4. B. australis Asia. A few species have been introduced into 6: Inflorescence thyrsoid; fruit a berry; leaves Australia, being cultivated as ornamentals. Six entire 5. B. madagascarensis species appear to have become naturalized, some doubtfully. Insufficient herbarium collections mean Distribution that it is difficult to gain an understanding of the extent of naturalization for most of these species. 1. *Buddleja dysophylla (Benth.) Radlk. There is an urgent need for additional observa­ Native to southern Africa. In Australia it apparently tions, supported by herbarium vouchers, so that occurs as an uncommon weed of disturbed areas in the Flora ofAustralia treatment can be completed. Queensland. No herbarium material seen. We have included a key to the naturalized 2. *Buddleja davidii Franch. species, along with the known distributional data, Indigenous to China and Japan, but cultivated and in the hope of encouraging people to make collec­ often naturalized throughout the world. Naturalized tions of this genus. It is classified in the family in Queensland, New South Wales (including the Buddlejaceae or is included in the Loganiaceae. A.C.T.), and Victoria. Fourteen collections exam­ ined:- 8 collections by B.J. Lepschi from the Key A.C.T. (e.g. O'Conner Ridge, Lyneham, B .J. Lepschi 877; CANB) and neighbouring N.S.W. 1 Inflorescence a botryoid of globose head-like Other collections include:- N.S.W.: State Mine Hill flower-clusters 6. B. globosa road, 5 km NNE of Lithgow, B.G. Briggs 7172 1: Inflorescence paniculate, spike-like or (NSW). Vic.: Monbulk Road, between Upper thyrsoidal; never globose Ferntree Gully and Upwey, DA. Cooke 22000 2 Lamina of adjacent leaves joined basally (CANB); Mt Buffalo National Park, A. C. 4. B. australis Beauglehole 41684 (CANB). 2: Lamina of adjacent leaves not joined 3. *Buddleja lindleyana Fortune 3 Corolla tube short, up to 1.3 times as long as Native to China, Macao, Hong Kong, and Japan. lobes; stamens exserted 1. B. dysophylla In Australia it occurs as an uncommon garden 3: Corolla tube at least 2 times as long as lobes; escape, which is doubtfully naturalized in Queens­ stamens included (sometimes just exserted) land. Only known from one collection (DA. Goy 4 Corolla white, violet or purple; anthers J), which lacks locality details. inserted at or below the middle of the corolla 4. Buddleja australis Yell. tube, included Native of southern Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and 5 Corolla tube mostly curved, purple, 12-17 Argentina. In Australia it is an uncommon weed of mm long, 3.5-8 times as long as the calyx,_ disturbed areas in Queensland. Two collections with the outer surface densely glandular­ examined:- Qld: Ashgrove, Brisbane, C.T. White pubescent; leaflamina entire to coarsely & S.L. Everist, 6.viii.l934 (BRI); Simpson's sinuate-dentate 3. B. lindleyana Falls, Brisbane, Swarbrick 8648 (BRI). 5: Corolla tube straight, white to violet, or 5. *Buddleja madagascarensis Lam. less often purple; 6-11.5 mm long, 2-4 Indigenous to Madagascar, but widely cultivated times as long as the calyx, with the outer and naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions. surface glabrous; leaf lamina serrate to It is naturalized in Queensland, and possibly also in almost entire 2. B. davidii New South Wales, South Australia, and Western 4: Corolla yellow, orange or salmon-coloured; Australia. Eight collections examined:- Qld: Noosa Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 3

National Park, P.R. Sharpe 3830 et al. (BRI); Boat North Dandalup, G J. Keighery 110 I 0 (CANB ). Mountain, near Murgon, B.K. Braithwaite, 6. *Buddleja globosa Hope 7.v.1986 (BRI). NSW: Whian Whian, W.T. Jones Native to Peru, Chile, and Argentina. In Australia it 3521 (CANB); Taree, W.F.M. Straatmas 74 is an uncommon garden escape, once recorded (CANB). W.A.: Mounts Bay Drive, Perth, G.J. from near the Grampians National Park, Victoria Keighery 6241 (CANB); Golden Valley, 5 km E of (G. Cornwall G! 142189).

Grass manuscript by C.C. Mez for Engler's "Pflanzenreich" Bryan Simon Queensland Herbarium

Introduction on whether types still exist (in B or elsewhere), and if not to ascertain from the descriptions, keys and In a recent issue of Grass Literature (9: 10 exsiccatae if they are synonyms of other taxa (1990)), compiled by Dr J.F. Veldkamp of the described since World War II. Furthermore, Rijksherbarium in Leiden, the attention of agrostol­ because of the narrow species concept used by ogists was drawn to the existence at the Botanical Mez, the possibility exists that some of his "new" Garden & Botanical Museum in Berlin of a manu­ species may only be fmms or ecotypes of esta­ script of grasses by Dr Carl Christian Mez (1866- blished and accepted species. 1944) for Adolf Engler's Das Pflanzenreich. This treatise is the only grass manuscript to have been Summary of contents of the prepared for Das Pflanzenreich. Copies of the man­ manuscript uscript were available in exchange for 250 care­ fully prepared, fully documented and identified Genus No. of species herbarium specimens of extra-European origin, preferably grasses. Olyra 36 A copy of this treatise arrived at the Queens­ Burgeriochloa 1 land Herbarium recently, and I have been analys­ Diandrolyra 1 ing its contents. It consists of a partly type-written, Spinifex 6 partly hand-written manuscript of the tribe Pani­ Chaetium 3 ceae of 2,277 pages, photocopied on A3 paper by lsachne 76 staff of the Berlin herbarium. It has extensive Oplismenus 13 information on the Berlin holdings of the Paniceae, Echinochloa 13 on which it was mainly based, and which was Setaria 138 almost completely destroyed during World War II. Setariopsis 3 It is thus very helpful for interpreting the many Panicum 696 names based on much material that has been lost. It Sacciolepis 24 contains a full revision of the tribe Paniceae, with Mesosetum 16 synonymy, keys, latin descriptions, and lists of Thraysia 6 exsiccatae. lchnanthus 45 BRI is currently the only Australian herbarium Paspalum 326 to hold a copy of the Mez manuscript. Other copies Amphicarpum 2 are presently held in AAU, ARIZ, GENT, L, Eriochloa 23 NYS, SI, and WAG according to Grass Literature Anthaenantia 4 10: 19 (1991), but further copies are still available Melinis 75 from B. Arthropogon 2 The manuscript contains keys to and descrip­ Anthaenantiopsis 2 tions of 1800 species in 32 genera. Many of the Neurachne 4 species are new, but not effectively published Homolepis 4 because the manuscript constitutes photocopied Urochloa 6 handwritten material (Art. 29 of ICBN). Before Digitmia 136 these names are validated it would be wise to check Reimllria 5 4 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

Sterwtaphrum 8 I have compiled a complete list on computer Thuarea 2 disk of the species names recognized by Mez in his Trachys 1 treatment, from the keys and descriptions, and I am Cenchrus 23 willing to supply anybody who is interested in Pennisetum 100 having them on a formatted disk.

Camels: Their food preferences in central Australia

Les Pedley Queensland Herbarium

Introduction rather long strides) through shrubland or low woodland with mulga (Acacia aneura s. lat.) pre­ Though I have not delved deeply into the litera­ dominating, with occasional stands of Acacia ture, there seems to be little information about the kempeana and groves of Acacia estrophiolata. food preferences of dromedaries (Camelus Mulga and A. kempeana were not eaten, though dromedarius) in Australia. They were introduced as mistletoe (Amyema sp.) on mulga was. Definite pack animals more than a century ago, and they identification of the mistletoe was not possible have become naturalized in parts of central Austra­ because the camels left nothing. lia. Though no longer used to transport goods, Camels eat a wide range of plants; they are they are used to a limited extent in recreational pur­ sure-footed and can traverse steep and broken suits. At least two firms in central Australia offer terrain such as the James Ranges; and they have a camel "safaris", up to two weeks in duration. tremendous operational range away from water. Last August I took part in one of these safaris: They would therefore seem eminently adapted to ten days on board a camel in and around Finke exploit semi-arid areas of Australia. Yet nowhere Gorge National Park. I therefore had the opportu­ do they occur in large numbers, and in most locali­ nity of observing the feeding behaviour of some 25 ties they are outnumbered by feral horses. animals, one at extremely close quarters. The ability of mobs of horses to move quickly Camels occasionally graze grasses and forbs, and to build up numbers more quickly than do but they are essentially browsers. Such large camels possibly gives them a competitive edge, animals consume a lot of food, much of it of low despite their dependence on water. It is said that, quality; and they grab at plants every chance they because of the variety of their food and their ability get, moving or stationary, and ruminate at their to browse a long way from water, camels are less leisure. It soon became apparent that these 25 destructive to vegetation than are horses. It is true camels had similar, definite food preferences. that horses appear to be quite destructive in Finke Steering a camel was difficult enough for a tyro, Gorge National Park where they are numerous. but it became almost impossible within 20 metres This would be a better place if they were removed. of a preferred species. Plants eaten by camels Acacia victoriae was plentiful and favoured (an "ice-cream species", as a colleague has termed it), Acacia estrophiolata 2 but the undoubted favourite of all was Capparis Acaciafarnesiana (green) 2 mitchellii . Six or seven camels pigging out on a Acacia tetragorwphylla 1 large one is something to see. Not only were par­ Acacia victoriae 3 ticular plants selected, but particular parts of plants Amyema sp. 3 were sought after. Inflorescences of Hakea suberea Atalaya hemiglauca 3 were eaten readily, while the rest of the plant was Callitris hugelii 1 rejected; and Lysiana spathulata on Ficus platypoda Capparis mitchellii 4 was selected, but the fig was not eaten. Eucalyptus camaldulensis 0 A list of the plants eaten is reproduced below. Hakea leucoptera 1 The names follow the Flora of Central Australia .. Hakea suberea (flowers) 2 The scale is:- 4: eaten avidly; 3: eaten with relish; Heterodendrum oleifolium 1 2: eaten without much enthusiasm; 1: eaten rather Lysiana spathulata 3 diffidently; 0: eaten occasionally. Rhagodia spinescens 3 Much of the time was spent ambling (with Santalum lanceolatum 3 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991} 5

A.S.B.S. Inc. BUSINESS

An Introduction to PATN

Fourteenth Weekend Workshop 28 & 29 March 1992

General An introductory PATN workshop is being held for members of ASBS during the last weekend of March (28 & 29 March 1992) at the National Her­ Meeting barium of New South Wales (NSW). Dr Daniel Faith (Division of Wildlife and Ecology, CSIRO) has kindly offered to lead the workshop. The topics to be covered include:­ 28th March 1992 Introduction and theoretical background Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney Data input and manipulation/standardization Preliminary descriptive analyses As it was considered preferable not to hold the Choosing a dissimilarity measure 14th General Meeting in conjunction with the Ordination models "Systematic & Ecological Relationships of South Phenetic approaches Pacific Floras" conference (22-27 November Cladistic approaches 1991, Auckland, New Zealand), Council has Identifying underlying gradients agreed that the 14th General Meeting of the Austra­ Clustering models lian Systematic Botany Society Incorporated will Post-processing analyses be held at the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney Randomization tests (NSW) on saturday 28 March 1992. For ordination models Any member wishing to place an item (or For clustering items) on the agenda may still notify the Secretary For input to PAUP for PTP tests of (Dr Barry J. Conn) in writing. The closing date for cladistic structure agenda items is friday 13 March 1991. Anyone interested in participating in this work­ shop should contact Barry Conn (Workshop co­ Council Elections ordinator) by friday 28 February 1992. Since only a limited number of participants will be possible, In accordance with the Constitution of the those interested in attending are urged to indicate their intention as soon as possible. Society, nominations are called for all positions on the Council for the 1991-1992 term of office:­ Anyone requiring accommodation in Sydney President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, can obtain information on available accommodation and costs from Barry. and two Councillors. Each nominee must be proposed by two members, and his/her acceptance of nomination Biogeography and Phylogenetics must accompany the nomination itself. of Pacific Flora symposium Judy West, the current President, having served two consecutive terms on Council as Presi­ 9-13 August 1992 dent, is ineligible to continue in that position A call for participants Don Foreman, the current Treasurer, having served four consecutive terms on Council as Treas­ The American Institute of Biological Sciences urer, is ineligible to continue in that position. (AIBS) will hold its next annual meeting at the She­ Nominations for the next term of office on raton Waikiki, in Honolulu (9-13 August 1992). Council must be sent on the Nomination Form or The Botanical Society of America has invited facsimile of same (included in Newsletter No. 67) ASBS to host a joint symposium during the AIBS to the Secretary (Dr Barry J. Conn). The closing armual meeting. Although the scheduling of the date for Council nominations is friday 31 January joint symposium is not finalized, it will probably be 1992. on the 11th or 12th of August. 6 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

It is hoped that there will be sufficient interest to have a full-day program; or if not, then the Southern Temperate Ecosystems: program will be restricted to a half-day sympo­ Origin and Diversification sium. The "Biogeography and Phylogenetics of Pacific Flora" symposium will combine with the Australian Systematic Botany Society and "Patterns of Speciation in Hawaiian Flora and Southern Connection conference Fauna" symposium on the lOth of August and the January 18-22 1993, University of Tasmania "True and Virtual Islands: Do They Share a Common Paradigm?" symposium on the 13th of A new organization, called "Southern Connec­ August. These symposia will form a 3-day mini­ tion", was formed at a meeting held in Honolulu course in Pacific botany. Contributed papers to the last May as part of the Pacific Science Congress general AIBS Meetings are a maximum of 15 (see report in Newsletter 67: 36). The proposed minutes, however the length of symposium talks conference in January 1993 is a direct result of that will be determined by the symposium organizer. meeting, and it is being jointly sponsored by Financial support has been generously offered ASBS. The First Notice for the conference is to ASBS by the National Tropical Botanical enclosed with this issue of the Newsletter. Garden of Hawaii. This is to be used to assist with I anticipate that there will be a strong contin­ the travel expenses of bringing six ASBS partici­ gent of overseas scientists attending, particularly pants to Honolulu. from South America and New Zealand, as I have Anyone interested in contributing a paper to already had many replies to the overseas distribu­ this joint symposium should contact Barry Conn tion of the first notice. (the symposium organizer), with the suggested title If you wish to receive further information of the paper and an abstract by friday 28 February regaiding this conference, please fill in the enclosed 1992, or preferably sooner. Further information form with your name, mailing address, fax and registration forms for the AIBS Meetings will number, and email address (if you have one), and be published in the March 1992 issue of Biosciece. send it to me as soon as possible. Barry Conn Bob Hill Secretary, ASBS Inc. University of Tasmania

Systematic and Ecological Relationships of South Pacific Floras conference

The Opening Address down in Christchurch, and it was the third meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advance­ Eric Godley ment of Science, as it was then called. I have looked through the report of that meeting, and as President of the New Zealand Botanical you might expect, the bo~anical programme in 1891 Society was much less diverse than that proposed for you at this meeting in 1991. But one item caught my It is with great pleasure that I welcome the partici­ eye, and I will tell you about it because it concerns pants in the first-ever joint meeting of the Austra­ something that Australia and New Zealand share. lian Systematic Botany Society and the New Here is a recommendation from Section E (Geogra­ Zealand Botanical Society. It is also the first scien­ phy):- tific meeting of the New Zealand Botanical Society "That inasmuch as the sea between New Zealand, since it was formed in November, 1988. We have on the one hand, and Australia and Tasmania on the 81 registrants:- 16 from Australia, one from Fiji, other, has received no definite name, the Australa­ and 64 from New Zealand. sian Association for the Advancement of Science This is not, of course, the first time that Aus­ recommends that the name of Tasman Sea be given tralian and New Zealand botanists have met for­ to it; and that a communication be sent to the Lords mally on New Zealand soil. By a happy of the Admiralty requesting them to adopt this name coincidence, the first meeting took place, as far as I by entering it upon the charts." can see, a century ago. It was in January 1891, So you see that although we might not know Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 7

when the Tasman Sea was born, we know, at become increasingly frequent (J. Rees-George, et least, when it was christened. al. (1990) Sudden decline of cabbage tree At the Christchurch meeting, botany came (Cordy line australis) in New Zealand. N.Z. J. Bot. under the Biology Section, whose President was 28: 363-366). While initial reports of the disorder the zoologist, Professor Haswell of Sydney. On (termed Sudden Decline) were mainly from North­ the organizing committee were two New Zealand land and Auckland, reports from the Waikato, Bay botanists. The elder was Thomas Kirk of Welling­ of Plenty, Gisborne, and Hawkes Bay soon fol­ ton, and the younger was Thomas Cheeseman, lowed. Affected trees are now common around Secretary of the Auckland Institute and Museum, Turangi (Taupo), and Palmerston North (Manaw­ and in particular the Museum botanist. atu). Occasional dying trees have been seen in We see here another happy connection between Wellington city, and sporadically throughout the then and now. The Chairman of your organizing South Island. committee, Anthony Wright, has followed in The dynamics of the epidemic have been Cheeseman's footsteps as botanist to the Auckland assessed by scoring samples of c. 50 trees at each Museum, and he looks after Cheeseman's classic of 34 locations from Whangarei (Northland, 350 collections and others. Which brings me to the 43' S) to Geraldine (Canterbury, 44° 06' S). Most other members of the organizing committee. I of the trees selected were growing in modified sites would like to read their names out- visible from roads. The data set for the 16 northern Jessica Beever, DSIR Land Resources, Auckland; survey sample sites (Whangarei to Taumarunui, Peter Buchanan, DSIR Plant Protection, Auckland; 38° 53'S) indicates that the disorder has increased Ewen Cameron, Department of Botany, University exponentially, with a mean proportion of dead trees of Auckland; by 1991 of 36% (s.e. 17%, range 6-60%). Extrap­ Barry Conn, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney; olation suggests that the epidemic in this region Phil Garnock-Jones, DSIR Land Resources, began in earnest in the mid 1980s, and that few of Christchurch; the surveyed trees will survive beyond 1995. Very Sandra Jones, Auckland Botanical Society; and few affected trees have been recorded at sample Colin Webb, DSIR Land Resources, Christ- sites south of Taumarunui. church. Cordy line australis is widespread and common Without their hard work, we would not be here throughout New Zealand- in swamps and scrub, assembled; and already you have benefited from along forest margins and roadsides, on farmland by their planning, with excursions to the Waitakere streams and on sun-baked hillsides - and is Ranges and Rangitoto Island, as well as the Clad­ widely cultivated as an ornamental. Limited obser­ istic Workshop. I am sure that these further three vations indicate that death is most common in mod­ days will be interesting and fruitful for you, both ified habitats (roadsides, farmland) and amongst scientifically and socially. I hope that you will cultivated plants, although significant numbers of make new friends, renew old friendships, and sick and dying trees were observed in 1991 on Hen have a happy and exciting time. Island, a forested nature reserve off the north-east coast of northern New Zealand. · Is cabbage tree a threatened species? We Abstracts suggest that it should be classified as "vulnerable" as a feature of the North Island landscape, because Cabbage tree: A threatened species? a rapid depletion of the population is occurring over much of its range. It is premature to conclude that it R.E. Beever, J. Rees-George, G.I. Robertson, is "vulnerable" in the IUCN Red Data Book sense, B.T. Hawthorne, and R.E. Beresford because the wild population is still very large.

DSIR Plant Protection, The distribution of some New Zealand Private Bag, hepatics and their Pacific relationships Auckland. New Zealand J.E. Bragginsl and E.A. Brown2 The New Zealand cabbage tree, Cordyline australis, has traditionally been regarded as long­ 1 Botany Department, 2 National Herb. NSW lived and virtually indestructible. For trees in the University of Auckland, Royal Botanic Gardens, North Island, the situation has changed. Since Private Bag 92019, Mrs Macquaries Rd, mid-1987 reports of dead and dying cabbage trees Auckland. New Zealand Sydney, 2000. Australia 8 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

New Zealand has a rich hepatic flora, and as for Environmental Resources Information Network, most other taxa it shows a mixture of affinities. Australian National Paiks & Wildlife Service, Particularly strong are the Gondwanan affinities GPO Box636, shown best by the more stenotypic taxa, with Canberra, 2601. Australia species or species pairs found in New Zealand and South America, Tasmania and the Australian main­ Important environmental decisions are being made land in various combinations. in many areas of the world with ever increasing Links through to New Caledonia are also urgency. In most cases those decisions are being strong, but those to the rest of the Pacific and else­ made with insufficient knowledge of the systems where are less well known at this stage. Gaps in involved, and are based on inadequate data. Data­ our knowledge occur because of the regional bases of plant and animal data have existed for cen­ nature of many taxonomic treatments and because turies, but it is only now, with the increased use of the taxa involved often have not been intensively computers, and their use in spatial information studied. Recent examples of extensions of ranges systems (SIS) and environmental decision support arising from new collections are frequent, and they systems, that the significance of much of these data often strengthen already recognized relationships. is being realized. An example is the recent collection of Riccardia Many of the data collected in biological and furtiva in Tasmania, which was previously ecological surveys, and as a result of taxonomic regarded as an uncommon New Zealand endemic studies, are proving to be incompatible when com­ species. As with higher plants, endemism is gener­ bined in these systems. Historical data, collected ally high, and some taxa are known only from with other uses in mind, are often inaccurately geo­ limited ranges or in some cases only from the type coded and require extensive validation before being specimen. usable. Survey data are seldom vouchered, and are often collected using varying polygon sizes and Leaf anatomy in Gnaphalieae shapes and different recording methods. It is (Compo sitae) important that standards for the recording and transfer of data be developed now and implemented Ilse Breitwieser as soon as possible. Methods of validating both existing and new data need to be developed and School of Biological Sciences, used at early stages in the databasing process. Victoria University of Wellington, The ERIN Unit in Canberra is taking a leading Wellington. New Zealand role in the development of Standards for recording biological data, and in developing methods of vali­ Leaf anatomical studies were carried out on the dating point records. The use of both survey and tribe Gnaphalieae (Compositae) with the aim of herbarium data in spatial information systems is clarifying the status and relationships of the New demonstrated, and the importance of using a site­ Zealand taxa. based approach wherever possible is emphasized. Leaf anatomy was described and compared for 48 taxa. The anatomical features regarded as partic­ A comparative study of Metrosideros­ ularly distinctive include:- lamina type and grade of dominated primary succession on recent differentiation, position of stomata, relative thick­ a'a lava flows at Rangitoto Island, New ness of epidermis and cuticle, shape of palisade Zealand, and Mauna Loa, Hawai'i cells, number of bundle-sheath layers and presence of sclerenchyma caps, water storage cells, secret­ B.D. Clarkson I and J.O. Juvik2 ory canals, abaxial collenchyma, and a protruding midrib. 1 DSIR Land Resources, 2 Geography Dept, The data were also analysed numerically. It c/- FRI, PB 3020, Univ. Hawai'i at Hilo, will be shown that leaf anatomy data do provide Rotorua. New Zealand Hawai'i. USA taxonomically useful characters for the classifica­ tion of the Gnaphalieae. Closely related species of the genus Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) comprise the dominant colonizing trees Plant resource data standards - on recent basaltic lava flows at Rangitoto Island, Validation and. use in SIS New Zealand, and Mauna Loa, Hawai'i. Metrosideros forest development on recent a' a sub­ Arthur D. Chapman strates at these locations are compared with respect Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 9 to floristic relationships, colonization and estab­ National Herbarium of New South Wales, lishment patterns, and the growth and population Royal Botanic Gardens, structure of Metrosideros. Mrs Macquaries Rd, The floristic similarity between colonizing Sydney, 2000. Australia species in Hawai'i and New Zealand is greatest during early succession, where severe environ­ A cladistic study of the Lamiales suggests that a re­ mental and substrate conditions restrict the poten­ evaluation of the infra-ordinal relationships is tial pool of colonizing species. necessary. The genera Oncinocalyx and Species colonization, establishment and popu­ Teucridium, both currently circumscribed in the lation structure during early succession reflect the Verbenaceae, are probably better placed in the Labi­ interplay of both stochastic and deterministic atae. The genus Spartothamnella, currently circum­ factors. Growth habit differences (e.g. canopy scribed in the subfamily Chloanthoideae shape) between Hawai'ian and New Zealand (Verbenaceae) should probably be placed in the M etrosideros produce divergent patterns of micro­ subfamily Viticoideae (Verbenaceae). This study climate and substrate modification, and result in suggests that the subfamily Chloanthoideae should quite distinctive successional pathways. be included in the Labiatae rather than in the Ver­ benaceae, and not maintained as a separate family Climatic and edaphic correlates of (the Chloanthaceae). divaricating species in central North Within the Labiatae, the tribe Prostanthereae is Island monophyletic, and its sister group is the non­ prostantheroid Labiatae (excluding Teucrium). It is B.D. Clarkson I, J.R. Leathwick2 and suggested that Teucrium should not be included in M.S. McGlone3 the tribe Ajugeae (Labiatae). The relationships between the non-Prostanthereae tribes of the Labia­ 1 DSIR Land Resources, 2 FRI, tae have not been completely resolved. c/- FRI, PB 3020, PB 3020, Rotorua. New Zealand Rotorua. New Zealand The constraints of freedom - 3 DSIR Land Resources, Callistemon and Melaleuca in Australia Private Bag, and New Caledonia Christchurch. New Zealand L.A. Craven Data collected from 128 central North Island sites ranging from Mt Taranaki in the west to Gisborne Australian National Herbarium, in the east were used to determine the climatic and CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, edaphic correlates of the distribution of divaricating GPO Box 1600, species. Canberra, 2601. Australia Numbers of species are greatest on alluvial flats or colluvial toeslopes with significant climatic The genera Callistemon R.Br. and Melaleuca L stress (e.g. wide temperature extremes) and/or (Myrtaceae) conventionally are distinguished on strongly fluctuating water tables. Fertile alluvial features of the androecium, the stamina! filaments flats with well-drained soils or more favourable cli­ being free in the former while in the latter they are mates (e.g. adequate year round rainfall) tend to fused at the base and grouped into five fascicles. have more divaricating species than other topo­ Strict adherence to this circumscription will result graphic types (e.g. hillslopes), but fewer than the in several pairs of apparent sister species being sep­ first-mentioned alluvial flats. arated, with one of the species classified in Numbers of divaricating species are low in Callistemon and the other in Melaleuca. Other char­ mild moderately-wet to wet climates, and are acters are being studied in collaboration with P .F. lowest on mild climate offshore islands. Lumley and R.D. Spencer (MEL) and J. W. Discussion of the results will focus on climatic Dawson (WELTU) prior to a re-evaluation of stress, soil fertility, and competitive interactions generic limits. between broad-leaved and divaricating species. The New Caledonian endemic species of the complex apparently fall into two groups, one of Relationships within the Lamiales which may be allied to eastern Australian species. The closer relationships of the other group are Barry J. Conn unclear. However, separate identity at generic level 10 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) for the New Caledonian taxa seems unlikely. and southern South America. Metrosideros comprises shrubs and trees, some Cladistic genealogies: An illustrated of which are hemi-epiphytes, while Mearnsia com­ history of phylogenetic systematics prises small trees, some of which are epiphytic, 1864-1950 and root climbing lianes. Both subgenera have small, almost thread-like Robin Craw seeds, which may be transported by gales and trop­ ical hurricanes. Some species of subgenus DSIR Plant Protection, Metrosideros are prominent as pioneers on lava Private Bag, flows, while those of subgenus Mearnsia are Auckland. New Zealand mostly found in moist mature forests.

Recent reference texts on biological systematics Fruit anatomy and systematics of the trace the origin of cladistics/phylogenetic systemat­ Simaroubaceae ics as a comprehensive theory and precise method to the 1950 publication of Willi Hennig's Edwino S. Fernando Grundzuge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik. In contrast to this widely accepted School of Biological Science, myth, the basic axioms and methods of cladistics University of New South Wales, can be found explicitly stated and utilized by many PO Box 1, systematists from 1864 onwards. Citation study Kensington, 2033. Australia indicates that much of this work was either known to Hennig or to an author cited by him. Cladistic The Simaroubaceae s. lat. is a pantropical to warm­ methodologies developed by the palaeobotanist temperate family of trees and shrubs. Its delimita­ Walter Zimmermann, the ethologist Konrad tion has often been sought with great difficulty, Lorenz, and the Australasian entomologist Robin because of the considerable variation within the J. Tillyard were particularly influential sources. · family. Relationships among the approximately 30 Reference:- genera remain poorly understood, and at least Craw, R.C. (in press) Margins of cladistics: iden­ seven segregate families have been proposed. tity, difference and place in the emergence of In this study, fruit anatomy was surveyed in 28 phylogenetic systematics, 1864-1975. In: genera in an effort to broaden the data base in the Trees of Life: Philosophical Problems in family, so that inter-generic and tribal affinities may Evolutionary Biology (ed. P. Griffiths). be better assessed. Kluwer, The Netherlands. There is some variation in the exocarp, espe­ cially in the thickness. Lignification of the outer Distribution patterns in Metrosideros epidermis is limited to three genera. There is also marked variation in the mesocarp, particularly in J.W. Dawson the lignification of the inner layers, occurrence of crystals, presence of resin canals, distribution of School of Biological Sciences, sclereids, and the position of the vascular bundles. Victoria University of Wellington, Nine endocarp types are recognized, the distri­ PO Box600, bution of which correlates well with differences in Wellington. New Zealand floral morphology, and gives some support to Engler's subfamilies. The Irvingioideae, Kirkioi­ According to one interpretation, Metrosideros can deae, Picramnioideae and Alvaradoideae each be divided into 2 subgenera- Metrosideros and display unique endocarp types that are different Mearnsia. Metrosideros is taxonomically uniform, from that which characterizes all genera of the Sim­ and is represented on the continental fringe islands arouboideae. The Surianoideae are diverse:­ of New Zealand, Lord Howe, New Caledonia and Suriana and Cadellia share one endocarp type, the Solomons, as well as on a number of high vol­ while Recchia and Guilfoylia each have very differ­ canic islands ranging to the central Pacific. enttypes. Mearnsia is more diverse, and is restricted to conti­ The impact of these data on the taxonomy of nental islands and continents - New Zealand, the family is discussed. New Caledonia, Solomons, New Guinea, Philip­ pines, as well as one species each in South Africa An introduction to cladistics, with Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 11 examples from Hebe (Scrophulariaceae) phenetic analyses. The application of strictly dichotomous hierar­ Phil Garnock-Jones chical classifications, so that phylogeny can be pre­ cisely inferred from the classification, is not widely Botany Institute, practiced. In most cases, cladists accept only mon­ DSIR Land Resources, ophyletic groups, and use sequencing conventions Private Bag, to imply phylogenetic information among equally Christchurch. New Zealand ranked taxa. Hebe and its relatives Parahebe and Cladistics, or phylogenetic systematics, is a way of Chionohebe form a monophyletic assemblage, with using character information in systematics, and most of the species in New Zealand. Generic does not necessarily use computers. Its aims are:- boundaries in the group have always been unclear. 1) to produce branching diagrams (cladograms) New characters, and those that have been tradition­ that represent the historical pattern of character ally used to classify the group, have been used in evolution in a group; and 2) to reflect this pattern deriving a cladogram, from which the monophyly in classifications. Many good classifications are of the genera may be examined. Traditional use of inherently, if not explicitly, cladistic. both plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states For cladogram production, only apomorphic has resulted in taxa that are paraphyletic, and mis­ (derived) states of characters are useful, because interpretations of parallelisms have led to taxa that plesiomorphic (ancestral) states do not indicate are polyphyletic. A generic classification that shared ancestry. Character states are polarized as accepts only monophyletic groups would probably apomorphic or plesiomorphic by reference to the need to recognize more genera, but Hebe itself states represented in the outgroup, usually the would be largely unaffected. sister group, which shares a common ancestor with the ingroup or study group. Species with Revisiting rarity - A botanical synapomorphies (shared apomorphies) are placed perspective on rarity and extinction together on branches of the cladogram in such a way that the fewest number of unique evolutionary David R. Given 1,.~ David A. Norton2 and events is assumed. Bruce M. Pavlik-' Cladists accept only monophyletic groups in classifications, rejecting paraphyletic and polyphy­ 1 Botany Institute, letic groups. Monophyletic groups contain all the DSIR Land Resources, descendants of an ancestor and exclude taxa not Christchurch. New Zealand descended from that ancestor. Thus the nearest rel­ 2 Conservation Research Group, ative of each member of a monophyletic group is School of Forestry, also a member of the group. Monophyletic groups University of Canterbury, can be reliably discovered only by cladistic analy­ Christchurch. New Zealand sis. 3 Department of Biology, Paraphyletic groups include some, but not all, Mills College, descendants of an ancestor. They occur when Oakland, California. USA groups are characterized by shared plesiomorphic character states (symplesiomorphies) only. Thus Recent developments in conservation biology have the nearest relatives of some members of a para­ focused on the processes that threaten the viability phyletic group are to be found in other groups. of small populations. In particular, the concepts of Paraphyletic groups are a consequence of using minimum viable population (MVP) and population both states of a character to define groups. Such vulnerability analysis (PV A) have received consid­ phenetic analyses produce both monophyletic and erable attention, and have recently been used as a paraphyletic groups, but cannot provide a means to basis for assessing extinction threats in a re­ distinguish between them. evaluation of IUCN threatened species categories. Polyphyletic groups result when descendants However, these ideas have been largely developed . of two or more separate ancestors are grouped for vertebrate animals, and their application to together. Thus some members of the group are not plants (and other biota) has not been critically related. They occur as a result of misinterpreting examined. parallelisms or convergences as synapomorphies, In this paper we review, with reference to and can occur as mistakes in both cladistic and threatened plants, what is meant by the concept of 12 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

rarity and the reasons why it occurs. We then con­ taxa with affinities to extant species of the wet sider the factors that threaten small plant popula­ forests of more northerly parts of Australia also tions making them vulnerable to extinction, and persisted into the Pleistocene, e.g. species of critically evaluate the usefulness of the MVP and Acacia, Rubus and Myrtaceae subfamily Myrtoi­ PV A concepts for threatened plant conservation. deae. Fossil evidence gives minimum values to extinctions in any period. Comparisons of diversity Geographic relationships of the of leaves found in fossil and recent sediments Rhytismataceae of New Zealand suggest that wet forest diversity declined from the mid Tertiary to the mid Pleistocene. P.R. Jolmston The presence of extinct species of sclerophyl­ lous taxa in Pleistocene sediments, together with DSIR Plant Protection, the huge habitat ranges of some extant sclerophyl­ Private Bag, lous species, suggest that there has been significant Auckland. New Zealand extinction of sclerophyll taxa during the Quater­ nary, although it is likely that speciation of some Biogeographic relationships between the species of groups has occurred to take up some of the Rhytismataceae (discomycete fungi) occurring in "ecological slack" caused by extinctions. There is New Zealand and those found in other land masses no evidence of such speciation in Tasmanian rain­ are compared. Few species are widespread in both forest taxa. the northern and southern hemispheres. The only New Zealand species known from the northern Stigmatic exudate rewards and self­ hemisphere are Hypoderma rubi and incompatibility in a primitive angiosperm, Laphodermium gramineum. Sixteen other New Pseudowintera colorata (Winteraceae) Zealand species, or their vicariant partners, are known from elsewhere in the southern hemi­ David G. Lloydl and MarkS. Wells2 sphere. These 16 species have two distinct patterns. of distribution within the southern hemisphere. 1 Plant & Micro. Sciences, 2 Biology, Each pattern correlates with a distinct pattern of University of Canterbury, Univ. of Washington, distribution within New Zealand. Fungi may be Private Bag, Seattle. USA potentially as valuable for biogeographic studies as Christchurch, New Zealand are other organisms. At present their usefulness is limited by uncertainty about phylogenetic relation­ Stigmatic exudate-eating chironomid flies (Smittia) ships, and by lack of distribution data from many and pollen-eating halodid beetles are the most areas. common visitors to flowers of Pseudowintera colorata. Plants are self-incompatible, but after Extinction and diversity in Tasmania in selfing pollen tubes penetrate the nucellus. Self­ the Pleistocene pollination followed by cross-pollination results in considerable seed set; the incompatibility reaction Gregory J. Jordan therefore occurs before fertilization When pollen is applied to stigmas, the exudate dries rapidly and The current rainforest flora of Tasmania is very does not usually reappear. species poor, but reasonably diverse sclerophyll A review of anthophytes (angiosperms, gne­ and alpine floras are present. Many rainforest taxa tophytes, cycadeoids and Pentoxylales) suggests with affinities to extant species with Pacific distri­ that their common ancestor was co-sexual and pol­ butions existed in Tasmania in the early and mid linated by insects (possibly including flies) for Tertiary. They became extinct during the Tertiary whom nectar was an important reward. The angio­ and early Pleistocene, apparently due to progres­ sperm stigma may have evolved from a pollination sively cooler, drier and less equable climates and to drop mechanism via an adaxial stigmatic surface increasing fluctuations in climate on a 10000-year and a subsequent shift of the receptive area to the scale. Microfossil evidence shows that several of external surface of the carpel as it closed. This these taxa, including Nothofagus subgenus hypothesis helps to explain the anatropous, biteg­ Brassospora, Quintinia, Dacrycarpus and mic ovules of primitive angiosperms. The unspe­ Dacrydium, persisted into the Early Pleistocene in cialized pollination mechanisms of New Zealand Tasmania. plants may be the closest approach to the pre­ New macrofossil evidence shows that other angiosperm pollination world that remains today. Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 13

Genetic and environmental components of marked resistance to mammalian browsing. Never­ local variation in tussock-forming Festuca theless, moa browsing was probably not a signifi­ cant factor in the development of the small-leaved Janice Lord divaricating fonn and tough-leaved juvenile foliage. Densely-branched, small-leaved shrubs and small Department of Plant & Microbial Sciences, trees are characteristic of many semi-arid or winter­ University of Canterbury, wet areas in the world. Heterophyllous juveniles Christchurch. New Zealand are also widespread. These growth fonns are by no means confined to New Zealand, and therefore are Festuca novae-zelandiae (Hack.) Cockayne, is a unlikely to be a unique response to moa browsing. long-lived out-crossing caespitose grass endemic Atkinson and Greenwood in 1989 suggested to New Zealand. In pre-human New Zealand, F. several tests that could be used to distinguish adap­ novae-zelandiae would have been restricted to dis­ tation to browsing from adaptation to environmen­ turbed or stressed sites, such as young river ter­ tal stress. The "geographic distribution test" for races and frost flats. However, Polynesian and plants with putative anti-browsing adaptations is European deforestation, coupled with burning and inconclusive. The "site preference test", in which it grazing, has enabled F. novae-zelandiae to mark­ is assumed that plants resistant to browsing will edly expand its range, such that it is now common, prefer sites once heavily used by moas and be particularly in eastern montane South Island. uncommon on sites not at risk from browsing, is This study aimed to investigate the patterns of difficult to apply rigorously, but it seems to support variation among populations of F. novae-zelandiae the strong influence of climatic/edaphic factors. The in different environments, as well as the degree of "life cycle test", in which it is assumed that brows­ differentiation that has occurred both within F. ing adaptations should be best expressed in low­ novae-zelandiae and between it and F. matthewsii, growing and juvenile plants and be lost with a closely related species in higher rainfall areas. increased height, is not supported by our observa­ Genetic variation was estimated using isozyme tions. electrophoresis, and this was related to both mor­ Our conclusion is that few of the suggested phological variation and the vegetation in which the anti-browsing adaptations stand up to critical scru­ plants occurred. tiny. In particular, adaptation to edaphic and cli­ matic stress is the sole reason for the development Ghost stories: Adaptation of the New of divaricating and heteroblastic trees in New Zealand flora to vertebrate browsing Zealand.

Matt McGlone I and Bruce Clarkson2 Corynocarpus: An isolated genus of Australasian trees 1 DSIR Land Resources, 2 DSIR Land Resources, Private Bag, c/- FRI, PO Box 3020, Brian P.J. Molloy Christchurch. NZ Rotorua. New Zealand Botany Institute, Did New Zealand plants have specific adaptations DSIR Land Resources, which countered browsing by the extinct moa? Private Bag, Among suggested adaptations to browsing are:­ Christchurch. New Zealand spines; mimicry; camouflage through colouring and leaf shape modification; the divaricating plant The genus Corynocarpus is based on material col­ fonn; and certain tree juveniles that are either divar­ lected in New Zealand in 1773 during Captain icating or have tough, low-nutrient leaves. Cook's second voyage. Three years later the genus Some tree and shrub juveniles have irregularly­ was fonnally erected by Johann Reinhold and lobed, dark or blotched leaves. These features may Georg Forster, and the New Zealand species, C. serve to camouflage young, vulnerable growth laevigatus, was described. Over the next 200 years from browsers. We do not accept spinescence as four further species were recognized:- C. being a browsing adaptation in New Zealand. The cribbianus 1897 (Australia, New Guinea), C. alleged cases of palatable plants mimicking unpa­ simi/is 1903 (Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, New latable plants and objects are better explained by Guinea), C. dissimilis 1903 (New Caledonia), and environmental factors, convergence or chance. C. rupestris 1984 (Australia). In 1897 Engler gave Some divaricating plants and tree juveniles have a the genus distinct family status. 14 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

Probably few genera have aroused as much College of Environmental Sciences, debate or interest as Corynocarpus. On a global University of Wisconsin Green Bay, scale, the relationships proposed for this apparent WI 54311-7001. USA misfit arc many and varied. On a local scale, the and Conservation Research Group, origin of the New Zealand species, known as School of Forestry, karaka or kopi, has been ar~:,rucd strongly by both University of Canterbury, Polynesians and Europeans. Christchurch 1. New Zealand All five species have several features in common, including an unusual combination of The reproductive ecology of Iris lacustris was floral characters and the absence of growth rings. investigated in permanent quadrats along a gradient Equally, all five possess a number of different of canopy conditions, from 1987 through to 1990. characters in keeping with their native environ­ A record drought in 1988 had a significant impact ments. on the production of vegetative ramets (P<0.05), This paper gives a thumbnail sketch of the floral ramets (P<0.01) and mature fruits (P<0.05). genus and its members, with particular emphasis In addition, responses to the drought varied with on taxonomy, ecology, ethnobotany, and evolu­ canopy conditions. During the drought 46% and tion. 68% of the vegetative ramets died on the open and the densely-shaded sites, respectively. Through to Setting priorities for the conservation of 1990 there was no recovery in the density of veget­ New Zealand's plants and animals ative ramets on either site type. In contrast, the drought had little impact on the density of vegeta­ J. Molloy, P.J. de Lange and A.M. Davis tive ramets on partially-shaded sites. Although the drought had little effect on sexual Department of Conservation, reproduction in 1988, flower production in 1989 PO Box 10420, declined significantly (P<0.01) on both the open Wellington. New Zealand and partially-shaded sites. Within only one year, however, flower production recovered significantly The Department of Conservation is responsible for (P<0.01) to 38% and 82% of pre-drought levels on ensuring the survival of New Zealand's plants and open and partially-shaded sites, respectively. Fruit animals, and the communities and ecosystems of production over the 1988 to 1990 period followed which they are a part. The Department's effective­ the respective pattern of flower production at each ness in achieving this is dependent to a large site type. Sexual reproduction did not occur on degree on its ability to prioritize its work so as to densely-shaded sites, even during periods of maximize conservation gains. favourable soil moisture. While a process has been established for iden­ These differences in response to drought pose tifying nationally important communities and eco­ important implications for the management of this systems through the Protected Natural Areas threatened species. Programme, a similar process has not been devel­ oped to date to assist in setting priorities for the Marine algae of the Chatham Islands conservation of New Zealand's threatened species. The absence of such a system has led to higher­ Wendy Nelson, Nancy Adams and Cameron Hay order taxa frequently receiving more conservation effort than do lower-order taxa. National Museum of New Zealand, The Department, with assistance from the PO Box476, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington. New Zealand as well as the Forest and Bird Protection Society, has developed a set of criteria that assess the rela­ The geological history of the Chatham Islands, tive priority of each threatened species for conser­ their distance from the New Zealand mainland, as vation action. The criteria used are applicable to well as their position straddling the Subtropical any animal or plant that occurs in New Zealand. Convergence, provides a situation of considerable interest. The Chatham Islands are the type locality Response of Iris lacustris, a threatened for a number of species of New Zealand marine North American species, to drought macroalgae collected last century. A compilation of the flora was published by Lemmerman in 1906. It Michael D. Morgan has taken a further 85 years for another account of Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 15

the algae from these islands to be published Grammitis subgenus Grammitis, a group known (Nelson, Adams & Hay, 1991). from tropical Africa and tropical America but absent The algal flora of the Chathams contains both from Malesia, occur in Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa and northern and southern elements as well as endemic Tahiti. One species of Lellingeria, a genus occur­ species and genera. The absence of a number of ring in tropical Africa, tropical America and the species that are common on the mainland in similar Hawaii Is but absent from Malesia, is known from habitats at equivalent latitudes is noteworthy. It is Tahiti. clear, however, that the relationships of this flora to that of offshore islands and mainland New Cladistic analysis of the tribe Epacrideae Zealand, as well as to other island groups in the (Epacridaceae) South Pacific, will only be fully understood when taxonomic and revisional studies are completed. Jocelyn M. Powell

Grammitidaceae of the South Pacific National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, B.S. Parris Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney. Australia 16A O'Neills Ave, Takapuna, Recent cladistic work on the family Epacridaceae Auckland 9. New Zealand (southern heaths) has focused on the higher-level relationships of this family:- firstly, whether or not About 87 species of Grammitidaceae (c. 15% of the family is monophyletic; and secondly, whether the family), belonging to 18 species groups, occur the tribal relationships suggested by earlier workers in the South Pacific. Their distribution is as could be confirmed by using cladistic analyses. follows:- Australia: 22 (13 endemic); New The analyses indicate that the Epacridaceae is Zealand: 10 (3 endemic); Solomon Is: 17 (2 monophyletic if it includes Lebetanthus and endemic); Vanuatu: 16 (4 endemic); New Caledo­ Prionotes, which were considered as a distinct nia: 11 (5 endemic); Fiji: 18 (6 endemic); Samoa: family by Hutchinson and others, and that the 17 (7 endemic); Tonga: 1 (0 endemic); Cook Is: 2 family is probably derived from the Rhododendroi­ (1 endemic); Society Is.: 12 (8 endemic); Tubai deae subfamily of the Ericaceae, rather than the Eri­ (Austral) Is.: 2 (2 endemic); Marquesas Is: 3 (1 coideae, as suggested by Smith-White. Within the endemic). Fifty-two species (60%) are endemic to family two main clades and four sub-clades are a single island or an island group, 14 (16%) occur present; taxonomically these are best considered as in two island groups, 3 (3%) are on three island subfamily and tribal groupings. respectively. The groups, 1 (1 %) is on four island groups and 17 composition of these groups differs somewhat (20%) extend westwards to Malesia. from those of earlier workers such as Drude and Three distinct phytogeographical elements can Watson. be distinguished. The South Temperate element Once these higher level relationships were esta­ comprises a single species group (12 species), blished, analysis of the monophyletic sub-groups which includes the 7 Australian species occurring began. Study of the tribe Styphelieae has been in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania and 1 completed, and has resulted in some re-assessment on Lord Howe Is., the 10 New Zealand species of generic limits. The results of the preliminary and the 3 temperate South American species, all of work on the tribe Epacrideae will be presented in which also occur in New Zealand. this talk, with emphasis on the characters used and The Malesian element is the largest, consisting the problems involved in attempting to establish of 15 species groups (71 species), and ranging homologies. from tropical Australia and Melanesia to Tubai Is. and Marquesas Is, with its greatest diversity in Lhe Systematics of the Pacific Gardenieae West Pacific. Four species occur throughout (Rubiaceae) Malesia and the Pacific while 11 species occur throughout Malesia, but only reach the West Christopher F. Puttock Pacific, and 2 species are found only in Papua New Guinea and the West Pacific. School of Biological Science, The African/American element is the smallest, University of New South Wales, and contains 2 species groups. Three species of Sydney. Australia 16 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

The Gardenieae is a tribe of tropical and subtropical Investigations are continuing into the demogra­ shrubs and small trees, centred on two large, phy and ecology of the Castlepoint tree daisy. poorly-differentiated but nonetheless heterogene­ Studies show that its habitat is restricted to steep, ous genera:- Randia and Gardenia. Due to the pro­ exposed areas, where soil development is poor. liferation of new genera from the ensuing Populations vary in structure, and some show indi­ dismemberment of these two taxa, the Gardenieae cations of past disturbances resulting in failure of now has the largest number of genera of any tribe recruitment. Growth rates are low. Flowering is in the Rubiaceae. Without exception, the revisions prolific and continues throughout the year, while have taken place on a regional basis, initially in peaking in summer. Small plants do not flower at Africa and more recently in Asia, and have resulted all. Seed production is reduced by inflorescence in a plethora of small or monotypic genera. The predation, and seedling establishment is infrequent, Australian and Pacific taxa have remained essen­ tending to occur in disturbed areas. tially uninvestigated. A popular holiday spot, most visitors to Castle­ Cladistic analyses based on 110 binary and point and Castle Rock are unaware of the presence multistate characters of 37 species of the Australian of a rare plant. Though vigorous, its restricted dis­ Gardenieae demonstrate that six robust taxonomic tribution places the species at risk. One way to groups can be recognized at the generic level. The lessen this risk is to take the species into horticul­ six Australian genera are assigned to Aidia (2 ture, although it is not easy to grow. A hybrid form spp.), Atractocarpus (7 spp.), Gardenia (19 spp.), is readily available under the name of Senecio Kailarsenia (3 spp.), Rothmannia (1 sp.), and a "Sunshine", but nomenclatural confusion can be a new genus (5 spp.). disadvantage, and genetic dilution will occur. The relationships of these genera to the Pacific Acknowledgements: and Asian species currently included in Randia s. Jean Garman, Lynda Dixon, Jo Snow, Cathy lat. and its segregate genera (Aidia, Atractocarpus, Foster, Jonathan Miles and Kathryn Whaley Kailarsenia, Kochummenia, Neofranciella, assisted with data gathering and processing. Muriel Pelagodendron, Porterandia, Rothmannia, Sukunia, Fisher and Keith Hay provided propagation infor­ Sulitia and Trukia) have been investigated. mation, while Bruce MacKay assisted with analy­ Although a sizeable number of undescribed and sis. poorly-known taxa in New Caledonia, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands and beyond require further Pleurotus in the South Pacific investigation, it is apparent that some of these genera do not warrant recognition:­ Barbara P. Segedin Pelagodendron(= Aidia), Neofranciella, Sukunia, Sulitia and Trukia(= Atractocarpus); and two others 16A Landscape Rd, remain in doubt:- Kochummenia and Porterandia (= Auckland, 4. New Zealand ?Atractocarpus). Although 15 species of Pleurotus have been Brachyglottis compacta: Ecology and recorded for New Zealand, mainly from material conservation of a specialized, restricted collected by Colenso last century, much of this endemic, shrubby daisy material is either missing or in poor condition, or has been transferred to other genera. Recent studies G.L. Rapsonl and Alice de Nys2 indicate that there are almost certainly six species of Pleurotus s. str. in New Zealand:- P. australis, P. 1 Department of Botany & Zoology, parsonsii, P. rattenburyi, P. opuntiae, P. aff. 2 Department of Horticultural Science, dryinus, and possibly P. pulmonarius, some of Massey University, which are conspicuous components of the mush­ Palmerston North. New Zealand room flora. Some are also recorded from South Pacific islands. Although the Pacific coastal regions Brachyglottis compacta is a shrubby member of the of Australia and South America have records of Asteraceae, and is one of a number of New pleurotoid fungi, few or none of these appear to be Zealand species with extremely restricted distribu­ true species of Pleurotus. The identity and distribu­ tion; in this case to the limestone cliffs at Castle­ tion of some of these other pleurotoid fungi will be point, on the eastern Wairarapa coast. discussed. Conservation techniques need to be evaluated with an understanding of its ecology. Threatened plant recovery planning - Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 17

A New Zealand case study Private Bag, Christchurch. New Zealand W.B. Shawl and D.R. Given2 The indigenous flora of the tropical Pacific is threa­ 1 Dept of Conservation, 2 Botany Institute, tened by the invasion of alien plants, and as the PO Box 1146, DSIR Land Resources, 20th century draws to a close the danger seems to Rotorua. New Zealand Private Bag, be increasing for many islands. The number of Christchurch. NZ adventives now often exceeds that of the indige­ nous species. This paper discusses the impact that Although formal species recovery plans have no adventive plants have made in the Cook Islands. basis in New Zealand legal statutes, they provide a The composition of the indigenous flora is now mechanism for carrying out co-ordinated recovery well-catalogued, although little has been published planning for threatened plant taxa. Draft plans are except for the islands of Rarotonga and Aitutaki. sent to the New Zealand Conservation Authority Much less has been written on the adventive flora, and the relevant Conservation Board for checking although large areas of the larger islands are now and approval, before final approval by the Minister dominated by such plants. Most of the adventive of Conservation. No recovery plans have yet been plants entered the area via the main island of Ram­ approved for New Zealand plants. One is being tonga, and many have got no further. The outer written in an ad hoc fashion, with co-ordination islands have varying numbers of adventives, provided by the Threatened Species Unit for the reflecting the amount of agricultural and horticultu­ Department of Conservation, and recovery plans ral developments that have occurred there. Certain have been recommended for several species on the species present on the outer islands seem to have Chatham Islands. almost disappeared from Rarotonga, probably A draft plan has been written for Clianthus because of later invasions there of more aggressive puniceus (common names: kowhai ngutukaka or species. Most disturbing is the apparently fairly kaka beak). This is a well-known plant, being recent spread of aggressive adventives into more or widely cultivated for its showy red, pink or white less undisturbed indigenous vegetation. Most of flowers, and it is commonly used as an image of these weeds are escapes from cultivation. New Zealand character on tourist souvenirs and other memorabilia. It formerly occurred over a Generic limits in New Zealand large area of eastern lowland North Island and on Gnaphalieae offshore islands. Around 200 individuals remain in the wild, and these populations are classified as J.M. Ward endangered (i.e. in danger of extinction if the causal factors continue operating). Extensive Department of Plant and Microbial Sciences, habitat destruction and the depredations of intro­ University of Canterbury, duced animals are the main causes of decline. Christchurch. New Zealand Active management is required to stop the other­ wise apparently inevitable decline to extinction of Problems with the classification of the New the wild populations. Active management must be Zealand species of Gnaphalieae will be discussed. prefaced by good planning, and a sound under­ Early classification of Australasian Gnaphalieae standing of autecology and ecosystem processes. relied heavily on technical characters used to distin­ The draft recovery plan contains sections on guish Northern Hemisphere genera; not surpris­ the current state of taxonomy, and information on ingly, the outcome has not proved to be distribution, ecology, biology, genetics, threats, satisfactory. research and management goals. A workplan and Attempts to achieve an understanding of the research and management recommendations are relationships among the New Zealand taxa are ham­ included. pered by overlapping groups of correlated charac­ ters, and by ignorance of the evolutionary history The adventive flora of the Cook Islands of the group, which makes useful cladistic analysis difficult. W.R. Sykes Current research includes assembling a large data base from direct investigation of the species, Botany Institute, calculation of a measure of phenetic similarity DSIR Land Resources, between all pairs of species, and attempts to defme 18 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) monophyletic groups through evidence of hybridi­ of Fiji. zation. Cladistic analysis is planned once mono­ phyly is established and enough characters can be Taxic diversity - Useful or toxic? polarized. Results obtained so far will be compared with Judy G. West recently published work on the classification of Gnaphalieae. Australian National Hemarium, Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO, Evolution of endemics within Fiji: PO Box 1600, Allopatric or sympatric speciation? Canberra, 2601. Australia

Anni Watkins Biologists and managers around the world are under great pressure to protect our biological diver­ School of Pure and Applied Sciences, sity with limited resources. In these circumstances, University of the South Pacific, it is critical that we have effective means of measur­ PO Box 1158, ing biodiversity, and especially to be able to Suva. Fiji compare local biodiversity. Instead of relying on indices of species richness and relative abundance, Diversity on island groups must be considered to or differentiation along habitat gradients, we need be a balance between invasion, speciation, and to consider a system of priorities that reflect taxo­ extinction. The classic evolutionary story for archi­ nomic diversity. pelagoes is that of relatively-recent rapid allopatric It has been proposed by Vane-Wright et al. that speciation due to fragmentation of invading popu­ in order to set priorities about species and area con­ lations across a series of islands of lesser or greater servation we need to develop measures of species physical isolation. The Fiji islands are, however, differences, which can be made in terms of genea­ continental in origin, which prompts investigation logical relationships between species. These rela­ into whether the evolutionary patterns differ from tionships are best inferred from classifications the classic model. constructed through cladistic methodologies. In this This paper marks the beginning of a much paper, different measures of taxonomic diversity bigger project to collate biogeographic and evolu­ are compared, so that areas for the conservation of tionary information on the distribution of the Fijian biodiversity can be prioritized. flora within the island group. Data will be pre­ While it is important to put more resources into sented on the distribution of certain endemic phylogenetic analyses and to further understand the species groups, showing the degree of present-day evolution and relationships of our biota, a balance isolation by geographic location, altitudinal range, is needed. We should be careful that the use of and ecology. At present, insufficient data exist on measures of taxonomic diversity does not highjack temporal isolation. Thus, it is hoped to give a vital resources needed for conservation of critical broad view of which isolating mechanisms have areas. We need to determine whether cladistics is featured most in the evolution of the endemic flora really necessary in this conservation process.

Logic, n. The art of thinking and reasoning in Newtonian, adj. Pertaining to a philosophy strict accordance with the limitations and incapaci­ of the universe, invented by Newton, who discov­ ties of the human misunderstanding. The basis of ered that an apple will fall to the ground, but was logic is the syllogism, consisting of a major and a unable to say why. His successors and disciples minor premise and a conclusion- thus:- have advanced so far as to be able to say when. Major premise: sixty men can do a piece of work Gravitation, n. The tendency of all bodies to sixty times as quickly as one man. approach one another with strength proportional to Minor premise: one man can dig a post-hole in the quantity of matter they contain- the quantity sixty seconds. of matter they contain being ascertained by the Conclusion: sixty men can dig a post-hole in one strength of their tendency to approach one another. second. This is a lovely and edifying illustration of how This may be called the syllogism arithmetical, in science, having made A the proof of B, makes B which, by combining logic and mathematics, we the proof of A. obtain a double certainty and are twice blessed. Ambrose Bierce, The Devil's Dictionary Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 19

REPORTS '•

spring. Staff attended various meetings, including the Taxonomic Databases Working Group, the Australian International Organization for Plant Information, The Forgotten Flora: a Workshop on Conservation Biological of Non-vascular Plants (paper presented by Cheryl Grgurinovic on the conservation of macrofungi), Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference Resources (paper presented by Cheryl on taxonomic mycolog­ ical research and teaching in Australia), and Austra­ Study lia's Biota and the National Interest- the Role of Biological Collections. Alex George spent two weeks in Perth, visiting the Western Australian Herbarium, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, and the University of Western Australia, discussing various Flora of Australia Helen Hewson has been appointed Associate matters with contributors and grantees, and contin­ Director, Flora of Australia. Helen's previous job uing his preparation of the Proteaceae for the Flora. as Scientific Editor, currently occupied on an He also briefly visited the National Herbarium of acting basis by Helen Thompson, will be adver­ New South Wales. tised shortly for permanent filling. Jane Mowatt Paul Hattersley was asked to represent the recently joined us as acting Assistant Scientific Australian National Parks & Wildlife Service as a Editor, pending a new appointment to Helen member of a task group concerning the Biodiver­ Hewson's old position. Our Administrative Ser­ sity Country Studies programme, and in this role vices Officer, Savita Meek, is on temporary trans­ he visited Malaysia in October and Geneva in early fer, and Pauline Hudson is acting in this position. December. The ABRS grants for 1992 were approved by Many people are still not using our correct the Minister in October. These are listed later in the address- we even receive mail addressed to Box Newsletter. 1252, which was two Departments ago! Our The review of the Australian Biological correct postal address is:- Resources Study is being undertaken by Professor Flora of Australia, David Green, recently appointed Chief Science Australian Biological Resources Study, Adviser in the Department of the Arts, Sport, the Australian National Parks & Wildlife Service, Environment, Tourism and Territories. A request G.P.O. Box 636, for submissions was sent to all of the people who Canberra, A.C.T. 2601. have been involved with ABRS over the years­ those on the Participatory Program Register, con­ Our fax number is (06) 250 9448. tributors to publications, members of committees, etc. Submissions were due by 30 November, and Alex George Professor Green will complete his report by 29 Flora of Australia February next. The Flora Editorial Committee met on 15 October and discussed a wide range of issues con­ Australian Biological Resources cerning planning and format. The ABRS Advisory Committee met on 10 Study Flora Grants December. The Preferred Objectives for grants in Preferred Objectives for 1993 1993 were decided at this meeting. These are also listed later in the Newsletter, and a list will be cir­ . Applications will close on 10 April 1992. For culated to all Australian herbaria. The Objectives further information please contact Dr Helen will also be advertised in the press early in 1992. Hewson, Associate Director, Flora of Australia, Applications will close on friday 10 April1992. ABRS, GPO Box 636, Canberra, ACT. 2601 The Flora section has been busy during the (phone 06 250-9443). 20 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

Research Australian Biological Resources Vascular flora Study Apiaceae (excluding Hydrocotyle) Flora Grants 1992 Epacridaceae: Andersonia Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia, Chamaesyce Tasmania Fabaceae: Crotalarieae (val. 14) Tasmanian Herbariwn Tephrosieae (val. 13) Desmodieae (except Desmodiwn) (13) Orchard, Dr A.E. Revision of Ozothamnus R. Br. Phasealeae (vol. 13) $17,146 Rhamnaceae Rutaceae: Boronia p.p. South Australia Scrophulari aceae Sterculiaceae: Lasiopetalae Unattached Stylidiaceae Barker, Mrs R.M. Revision of Sida and Abutilon Bryophytes in Australia. $25,642 Brachytheciaceae Randell, Dr B.R. Preparation of Flora manuscripts to complete Boraginaceae (exceptHalgania & Lichens Heliotropium). $5,000 Lecanora Stereocaulaceae Western Australia Umbilicariaceae CSIRO Division of Forest Research Fungi Cortinariaceae Bougher, Dr N.L. Taxonomic revision of truffle­ Dothidiaceae, excluding lichenized fungi like Cortinariaceae (Hymenogaster & Oomycetes Tha:xterogaster) in Australia. $11,820

Text preparation University of Western Australia

Vascular flora Chappill, Dr J.A. A taxonomic revision of Asclepiadaceae: Parsonsia Jacksonia R.Br. (tribe Mirbelieae, Fabaceae). Baraginaceae: Halgania $40,440 Caesalpiniaceae: Chamaecrista Fabaceae: Mirbelieae Western Australian Herbariwn Mimosaceae (excluding Acacia) Molluginaceae Armstrong, Mr J.A. Taxonomy ofBoronieae Myrsinaceae (Rutaceae). $33,300 Pittosparaceae Cowan, Dr R.S. Publication of new taxa of Aus- tralian Acacia. $12,000 Bryophytes Lander, Mr N.S. Revision of Olearia (eastern Aus- Dicranaceae p.p. tralian species). $26,463 Fabroniaceae Maslin, Mr B.R. Acacia- supplementary grant to Leucodontaceae finalise complete text and illustrations. $36,000

Fungi Queensland Phyllacharaceae Queensland Herbariwn

Alex George Forster, Mr P.l. Revision of Australian Apocyna- Flora of Australia ceae excluding Parsonsia R.Br. $18,000 Forster, Mr P.l. Revision of Australian Euphorbi­ aceae excluding Phyllantheae, Stenolobeae, Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 21

Euplwrbia s.lat., and Adriana. $21,960 Lepidoziaceae (Hepaticeae). $22,775 Halford, Mr D.A. Taxonomic revision of the Conn, Dr B.J. Revisionary studies in the Austra- family Tiliaceae in Australia. $38,800 lian Loganiaceae. $26,379 Henderson, Mr R.J.F. Taxonomic revision of Conn, Dr B.J. Taxonomic revision of the Prostan- Euphorbiaceae tribe Stenolobeae Benth. theroideae (Lamiaceae). $32,620 $22,360 Conn, Dr B.J. Revisionary studies in the Austra- Holland, Mrs A.E. Flora ofAustralia treatment of lian Xyridaceae. $24,596 the genera Trifolium, Medicago, Vicia, Lotus Gross, Dr C.L. Taxonomic revision and Flora of (Fabaceae). $16,500 Australia treatment of the genus Correa. Jessup, Mr L. W. Flora of Australia accounts of $40,413 families Sapotaceae, Ebenaceae, Symploca- Powell, Dr J.M. Epacridaceae- treatment for ceae. $22,400 Flora ofAustralia. $14,993 Pedley, Mr L. Revision of Desmodium s.lat. Ramsay, Dr H.P. Preparation of manuscripts for (Fabaceae). $16,350 the family Sematophyllaceae (Bryopsida) for Reynolds, Miss S.T. Revision of tribes Coffeae, the Flora of Australia. $4,000 V anguerieae and Psychotrieae (in part) of the Ramsay, Dr H.P. Revision of the bryophyte genus family Rubiaceae in Australia. $29,500 Bryum (including key and illustrations) for Simon, Mr B.K. Text preparation of Sporobolus Australia and its offshore Islands. $19,875 and Crypsis for Flora ofAustralia. $12,400 Wilson, Dr P.G. Taxonomic revision of the genus lndigofera in Australia. $31,920 Victoria Wilson, Mrs K.L. Systematic studies in Australian Cyperaceae. $16,280 Department ofAgriculture, Burnley Wilson, Mrs K.L. Revision of Juncus in Australa- sia. $17,680 Pascoe, Mr I. G. Revision of Australian Erysi- phales (Fungi; Ascomycotina) $27,767 Australian Capital Territory

Melbourne University Australian National Herbarium

Ladiges, Dr P.Y. Systematic and biogeographic Craven, MrL.A. Systematic studies inMelaleuca analysis of Boronia section Valvatae. $20,646 (Myrtaceae). $32,018 Eichler, Dr Hj. Taxonomic revisions in Ranuncu­ Monash University laceae, Zygophyllaceae and Apiaceae. $15,500 Lazarides, Mr M. Flora ofAustralia and DELTA Hallam, Assoc. Prof. N.D. Taxonomic investiga- accounts of Chloridoideae, Poaceae.. $53,534 tion of Anthocerotales in Australia. $20,303 Palmer, Ms J. Flora ofAustralia treatment of Ama­ ranthaceae (Alternanthera, Amaranthus and National Herbarium of Victoria Gomphrena). $20,677

McCarthy, Dr P.M. Systematic studies on the Australian National University order Verrucariales (lichenised Ascomycotina) in Australia. $10,500 Elix, Dr J.A. A revision of the lichen family Par­ meliaceae in Australia including complete Flora Unattached ofAustralia text. $17,780 Watson, DrL. Poaceae-Arundinoideae: DELTA May, MrT.W. Catalogue and census of Austra- treatment, and preparation of account for Flora lian macrofungi. $16,852 ofAustralia. $15,542 Watson, Dr L. Automated taxonomic revision and New South Wales keys for Poaceae-Pooideae, for Flora of Australia. $38,006 National Herbarium of New South Wales Unattached Briggs, Dr B .G. Treatment of Restionaceae for Flora of Australia. $29,800 Adams, Mr L.G. Flora ofAustralia treatment, Brown, Dr E.A. Revision studies in the Australian completion of Gentianaceae. $5,000 22 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

Bruhl, Dr J.J. Automated taxonomic revision and peer review via refereed journals and stiff competi­ keys for Phyllantheae, Euphorbiaceae, for the tion for limited research funds are not sufficient. Flora ofAustralia. $35,178 Financially, FASTS seems to be in reasonable shape, but delegates at the meeting had to extricate Overseas the details from the treasurer. Much of the federa­ tion's funds are raised in the form of dues from the Botanical Musewn, Uppsala, Sweden member societies such as ASBS, which raises the issue of what value do we get for our contribution? Moberg, Assoc. Prof. R.J. Studies of Australian FASTS presents a more-or-less unified and con­ Physciaceae. $13,000 certed front, lobbying for and on behalf of science and technology. Another benefit is that the mere Natural History Museum, London, UK presence of FASTS tends to remind all of its member societies that we (the discipline of our Galloway, Dr D.J. A taxonomic revision of choice, our professional society ... ) are not islands, Pseudocyphellaria, Sticta and Dendriscocaulon and (implicitly) that we should be working to (Peltigerales) in Australia. $11,000 improve our own interests but not at the expense of our fellow disciplines (despite the government's University of California, Davis, USA "divide and rule" attempt to do just this, by calling on societies to present their priorities for research in Webster, Professor G.L. Revision of Phyllanthus Australia). in Australia in collaboration with Dr J. Bruhl. David Kemp, shadow minister for education $5,998 and the opposition's adviser on science, also made a presentation. He stressed the opposition's predi­ Unattached, Canada lection for "the individuals' rights" (hmmm), and its aim to "free up bureaucratic impediments to Murray, Dr B.M. Andreaeaceae of Australia. business", which would lead (they suggest), $20,033 amongst a host of other things, to more R&D. Unfortunately, he dismissed an astute observation from the "floor" that: technologically successful and scientifically progressive countries such as Alex George Germany (well, at least half of it!) succeeded in Flora of Australia getting industry involvement in R&D (through to basic research) by actively encouraging industry (with dollars) to do R&D; and that this in tum has a significant flow-on to university-based research; and that Australia should follow this approach to Federation of Australian get our industry involved. (Contrast this with the requirement here in Australia, where research Scientific and Technological establishments must now achieve a significant per­ Societies Inc. centage of outside funding - research chasing Annual general meeting, dollars instead of dollars chasing research.) Maybe Kemp wants to stay in the shadows. November 1991 The main role that FASTS fulfills is as a political lobbyist in the arena of science and technology. If You have heard it all before. It was one of you think that ASBS should have a particular those mornings when you were sure that you stance (supportive, seeking change, etc.) in relation would gets lots of work done, and moments later to FASTS' policy, you should contact our represen­ you were heading offto a meeting ... tative, Judy West at CANB. The president's report (a rerun of the report to the board in August) stressed the need for profes­ Jeremy Bruhl sional accreditation (enter, stage left, the Australian Institute of Biology). Professor Tony Wicken con­ Research School of Biological Sciences tinues: "Standards in research should be main­ Australian National University tained by peer review by discipline committees elected by the professional societies." Presumably, Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 23

members of the Irish Garden Plant Society. Things were a bit hectic, but there was time to examine Australian various collections of Compositae in both TCD and DBN. The Irish are renowned for their hospitality, Botanical and it seems to be well deserved. Charles Nelson and others such as Mike and June Snowden looked Liaison after me extremely well. Mike is head gardener at me around them on the saturday morning. He also Officer introduced me to "Black Bush" whiskey which, along with that black stuff with the froth on top, must be one of the better Irish products. I have no firm plans to visit any other herbaria at this stage, but I will probably visit Edinburgh I departed from Australia on 7 July to take up sometime in May/June, on my way to the Orkneys my position as the 1991/92 ABLO, travelling via for a short break. I will also be travelling to Stock­ the Yukon and Alaska (dipping my toe into the holm (perhaps in January/February) in connection Arctic at Tuktoyaktuk), and arriving in England on with some cladistic work on the Australian Inuleae; monday 12 August. This gave ample time for me and at some stage I must examine some daisies in to be tutored by Greg Leach as regards the duties the de Candolle herbarium, Geneva. Towards the of the ABLO, before taking over officially on the end of my stay I will almost certainly visit Paris. first monday in September. Accommodation wasn't a problem. I stayed Philip Short with Bob Johns for the first four days, and then Kew moved into the first flat that I looked at in Rich­ mond on the friday. The flat is only about 25 minutes walk from the herbarium, and I'm yet to catch a bus! Banking was a bit of a problem. Although an account was opened well before I left Australia, the bank was reluctant to provide me A.S.B.S. Melbourne Chapter with a cheque account- despite the deposit of the Commonwealth grant and a considerable portion of A.S.B.S. Melbourne Chapter seminars have my own savings. It took four or five weeks before returned home. They will be held at 6 pm on the this was resolved. first monday of each month in the Astronomer's Apart from my participation in the staff vs stu­ Residence, behind La Trobc's Cottage (100m west dents cricket match, I can think of no other major of the National Herbarium of Victoria; comer of events of general interest. Perhaps I could discuss Birdwood Ave and Dallas Brooks Drive, South some squash results, although on this point I think Yarra). Refreshments will be available from 5.30 I will only record that I'm more of a diplomat than pm. All visitors and members are welcome. my predecessor! In the first half of the year, we feature dino­ In fact, there arc two major projects that are saurs and their dinner, the latest methods in bioge­ nearing completion and which I am sure are of ography, a horticulturalist's perspective on interest. Both Vascular Plant Families and Genera taxonomy, and the discovery of a remarkable flora (ed. R.K. Brummitt) and Authors of Plant Names in what remains of the grasslands west of Mel­ ... (eds R.K. Brummitt & C.E. Powell) are on bourne . course for publication early in the new year (Feb­ ruary seems likely). Seminar Programme, March-June 1992 David Symon and Sally Reynolds have visited Kew during my stay. Requests have been steady, Monday, March 2 but at least to date they have not been overwhelm­ Tom Rich ing, and I'm pleased to say they have rarely been Museum of Victoria too difficult to service. "Polar Cretaceous biota of south-eastern Australia" I have just had a brief trip (21-24 November) to Ireland, where I delivered two lectures Monday, April6 ("Australian arid zone plants" in Dublin, "Royal Pauline Ladiges Botanic Gardens, Melbourne" in Belfast) to School of Botany, University of Melbourne 24 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

"Historical biogeography: methods of data analy­ 3) thereafter, to maintain the data in an up-to­ sis" date form and continue to render them accessible in accordance with 1) and 2) above. Monday, May 4 The first project will be a checklist of the vas­ Bill Molyneux cular plants of the world, with the aim of complet­ Austraflora Nursery ing the initial list within five years. "A horticulturalist amongst taxonomists" Membership ofiOPI will consist of Participat­ ing Centre (PC) Members, Individual Members, Monday, June 1 and Invited Members. PC and Individual Members Geoff Carr will be required to be active participants in the wmk Ecological Horticulture of IOPI, either as representatives of Participating "Is there an endemic flora on the Victorian volcanic Centres or as Members in their own right Nomina­ plain?'' tions for PC or Individual membership may be sub­ mitted in writing by two Members of IOPI, and the Further information can be obtained from me names will be submitted by Council for election at a on (03) 655-2313. General Meeting by a simple majority of the members present Tim Entwisle Invited Members will be individuals, recog­ Convener nized by the governing body of IOPI as capable of contributing in some way to the work of IOPI although not necessarily participating directly in its activities as such. Invited Members will be nomi­ nated by the governing body of IOPI. There is no membership fee. For the first year the membership International Oganization for will consist of members of the Foundation Council, Plant Information the Checklist Committee, and the Working Groups. The Foundation Council is:- Sir John Burnett, A meeting was held in Canberra on 19-20 Sep­ Oxford, UK (Chairman); Dr Ana Anton, Cordoba, tember to discuss the objectives, structure, govern­ Argentina (Vice-Chairman); Mr Alex George, Can­ ment and operation of the proposed Organization. berra, Australia (Secretary); Prof. Pieter Baas, It was attended by 49 people, from 33 institutions Leiden, The Netherlands; Dr Kay Beese, European in 11 countries, as well as unattached participants. Commission, Brussels, Belgium; Dr Frank Bisby, The Organization (IOPI) was formally established Southampton, UK; Dr Dmitry Geltman, St Peters­ on 20 September 1991, with a Constitution and By burg, USSR; Dr Ana Maria Giuletti, Sao Paulo, Laws being adopted. The Interim Council set up at Brazil; Prof. Werner Greuter, Berlin, Germany; Dr the Kew meeting in June (ASBS Newsletter 68: 30- Patricia Holmgren, New York, USA; Prof. K. 31, Sept. 1991) became the Foundation Council Iwatsuki, Tokyo, Japan; Prof. Bengt Jonsell, and will hold office until the next meeting. Stockholm, Sweden; Dr Edward Kennedy, The objectives of IOPI, as set out in its Consti­ BIOSIS, USA; Prof. Oren Lucas, Kew, UK; Dr tution, are:- P. Maas, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Prof. Philippe 1) to promote and prepare, as expeditiously as Morat, Paris, France; Dr Nancy Morin, Missouri, possible, a series of integrated, dispersed, compu­ USA; Dr L. Skog, Washington, USA; Dr terized databases summarizing the basic taxonomic Rodolphe Spichiger, Geneva, Switzerland; Prof. information (bearing in mind the basic require­ Clive Stace, Leicester, UK; Dr David Sutton, ments of freedom of taxonomic research and London, UK. opinion), and biological and other attributes (in Following a submission made earlier, the particular, information relating to their utilization IUBS has recommended that admission of IOPI as and conservation) of all kinds of plants in the a Commission be formalized at the 25th General world [plants being defined as those covered by the Assembly in 1994, and that IOPI be accepted as International Code of Botanical Nomenclature]; part of the IUBS Biodiversity Programme. IOPI 2) to document the data in such ways as shall will also seek affiliation with IAPT. make them most readily accessible to users of all A Checklist Committee has been established, kinds, in all regions, and in such formats as shall charged with the production of a checklist of seem most expedient to the governing body of accepted names of vascular plants and a minimum IOPI; data set. Its Chairman is Dr David Hunt, Kew; Mrs Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 25

Karen Wilson, National Herbarium of New South tional association formed to establish international Wales, is a member. Three Working Groups were collaboration among botanical and plant taxonomic set up to assist the Committee. They are the Data database projects, so as to promote the wider and Definition and Standards Working Group, chaired more effective dissemination of information about by Dr Frank Bisby, of which Dr Les Watson, the world's heritage of plants, fungi and algae for RSBS, ANU, Canberra, is a member; the Taxo­ the benefit of the world at large. To achieve its nomic Resources Network Working Group, goals, TDWG:- (a) develops and promotes stan­ chaired by Dr Nancy Morin, Missouri; the Infor­ dards and guidelines for the recording and mation Systems Working Group, chaired by Dr exchange of data about plants; (b) promotes their Catherine Zellweger, Geneva, of which Dr Diedre use [of such standards and guidelines] through Jinks, UTS, Sydney, and Dr David Green, Can­ publications; (c) acts as a forum for discussion berra, are members. There is also the ad hoc Poten­ through holding meetings and through publications tial Users Group, chaired by Dr Kay Beese, such as a newsletter; and (d) undertakes any other Belgium, and a Finance Advisory Group, chaired activities that are judged useful towards these by Dr Scott Peterson, Beltsville, USA. goals." The Information Systems Group will also plan To date, TDWG has published (via the Hunt a strategy, system and network suitable for the Botanical Institute) one standard, the ITF standard broad,long-term objectives of IOPI, for considera­ for exchange of data between botanic gardens, has tion by the Council at its next meeting. a number of other standards in press, and others The next meeting of IOPI will held in Xalapa, under consideration. Annual meetings are held in Mexico, probably in October 1992; the precise different parts of the world, sometimes in conjunc­ dates are yet to be confirmed. Anyone, or any tion with other international meetings. institution, wanting further information or wishing TDWG is a voluntary organization, so it is not to apply for membership should contact the Secre­ very fast-moving, but it is taking a worthwhile role tary, Alex George, Australian Biological in communicating and preparing standards and Resources Study, GPO Box 636, Canberra, ACT. guidelines relevant to many botanists' work. Aus­ 2601; fax (06) 250-9448; phone (06) 250-9440. tralian herbaria should consider taking membership in TDWG (only $US50.00 per annum to the Treas­ Alex George urer, G.F. Russell at the Smithsonian Institution), Flora of Australia and plant taxonomists should be aware of the stan­ dards and guidelines being developed. TDWG actively seeks participation; and Australian develop­ ments are leading the field in areas such as herbar­ ium databases, so there is lots of room for involvement As distinct from the report published in Erinyes The International Working Group recently (November 1991), the correct name for the on Taxonomic Databases for association is as given above. TDWG is a commis­ sion ofiUBS, and therefore has an IUBS commis­ Plant Sciences sion name, but this is for internal IUBS use only. TDWG7 meeting, Canberra 21 & 23 September 1991 Summary of Plenary session

The following is a brief summary of the 7th I) Two points of interest from the Chairman's meeting of the International Working Group on report (Frank Bisby):- (i) there is a need to extend Taxonomic Databases for Plant Sciences. Hope­ and develop international support and assistance for fully, the official minutes of this meeting will be TDWG; and (ii) there is a need to make sure that available early in 1992. individuals offering to assist various TDWG pro­ jects actually have sufficient resources to carry out Background those tasks. Some projects have not been com­ pleted because individuals have not always been To quote from the Constitution ofTDWG:­ able to devote enough time or resources to these "The International Working Group on Taxonomic projects. Databases for Plant Sciences (abbreviated as 2) Newsletter Editors' report (Catherine Zell­ TDWG) is a not-for-profit scientific and educa- weger). Although TDWG was prepared to present 26 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) three issues of the Newsletter per year, Catherine terminology proposed. Zellwegernoted that only one had been produced To ensure that Australian views are repre­ for the last 12 months because of the shortage of sented, Australian taxonomists and ecologists contributions. should be involved with the development of such a 3) The Standards Editors' report (Ellen Farr & standard. Jim Beach) informed the Meeting that the standard 2) Forum on Type & Lectotypification data­ for Plant Names in Botanical Databases (collated bases (convenor Ellen Farr, Smithsonian Institu­ by Frank Bisby) has been submitted for publica­ tion). Progress on databasing of type collections tion. Work on The Plant Occurrence and Status was discussed, and members repmted on the Scheme (POSS) (Leon et al.) standard has stopped progress within their own institutions. -Roger Hnatiuk and Mike Lock have taken over Linnaean Types:- David Sutton (BM) reported the co-ordination of this subgroup. The XDF (data on the project by the Linnaean Society and BM to exchange format standards) subgroup is on hold database all Linnaean type specimens, and eventu­ until the ISO standards are evaluated, to avoid ally all Linnaeus' specimens; duplication of effort. The world geographical USA National Type Register:- Jim Beach scheme for recording plant distributions (Sue (Harvard) reported that major North American her­ Hollis & Dick Brummitt) has been submitted for baria are co-ordinating a distributed database (on publication. A report on the Latin American INGRES) of all type specimens held. There is also a meeting on botanical data bases was presented to proposal to computerize the "Gray" card index; the Meeting. Southern USA herbaria:- Robert Haines (Uni­ 4) Frank Bisby presented a report on the versity of Alabama) reported that a network of her­ CODATA Working Group for standardization of ter­ baria throughout the south are databasing all of minology of biological data. There was some their specimens, so types will be included; uncertainty as to how broad the usage of this data­ Names In Current Use (NICU):- Werner base will be. Therefore it was concluded that the Greuter reported that type registers are being pre­ development of enlarged dictionary standards will pared as part of NICU. Complete records of types be important to the development of CODATA. of Linaceae are already held; other groups for 5) Delphi GPSIS symposium report (Frank which information is being accumulated include Bisby & Rusty Russell) - the Global Plant Pinaceae and Eriocaulaceae; Species action group is to be formally wound-up Index Kewensis:- Oren Lucas (Kew) reported and to be replaced by IOPI (International Organiza­ that the CD-ROM version of I.K. will be produced tion for Plant Information). by Oxford University Press, and will be available A number of working groups met to discuss (for approx. £ 1000) in 1992; standards and guidelines that could be formulated The Bishop Museum has a Type database 96% in a range of areas. These groups usually have a complete. convenor who prepares a discussion paper or pro­ 3) "Generalized Descriptors" (formerly "Life posal for consideration by the group. When the Form") (convenor Richard Pankhurst, Edinburgh). convenor is not able to be at the meeting another Richard asked members to suggest a list of about person presents their views for them. 20 general descriptors useful for each major plant group. A list of 70 characters was compiled by Summary of Working Groups ranking of importance from a larger list. Co­ sessions ordinators for bryophytes, algae, fungi and lichens are required. It was not clear how or when these 1) Habitats (convenor Mike Lock, Kew)- to descriptors would be applied, and a number of consider standards for the entry of ecological infor­ members challenged the need for such an abbrevi­ mation into databases. A paper is to be prepared in ated list. Richard will publish progress reports. time for consideration by membership before or by 4) Accessions [Exchange Format] (convenor the next meeting. This standard (guideline) is for Jim Beach, Harvard University). The aim is to taxonomic databases, not for ecologists who have define a set of data items for exchange format. It more detailed information. However, it was meant was agreed that it is easier to standardize what data to be understandable and exchangeable with ecolo­ are to be exchanged than it is to try to make people gists. The major weakness of this proposed Stan­ standardize their databases. Accurate data defini­ dard is that it does not follow the usual habitat tions are thus required to capture data from other descriptors as used in Australasia. Many partici­ institutions. pants questioned the value of the "broad-brush" It was concluded that it would be useful to Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 27

have a document on accession standards that image format and ways of linking images were also would act as a guide for the design of new data­ discussed. The question of standardization is not bases. Useful and preferred elements of a database that important, because these can be translated. could be defined in such a standard. The standard There is one formal standard - the JPEG standard will follow the HISPID standards, and will be circu­ (Joint Photographic Experts Groups). This is likely lated to interested members within the first six to be relevant and appropriate for taxonomists. The months of 1992. Contact Jim Beach at Harvard if ADONIS system for facsimile images for journals you wish to contribute &/or be kept informed. and the SDF standard for spatial data might contain 5) Uses (acting convenor Mike Lock, Kew) relevant information. It was agreed that TDWG is - a standardized list of descriptors for plant uses, an appropriate forum for exchange of information. primarily for databases concerning the economic When standards are published by other bodies, it use of plants, was discussed. This list has ten top­ might be useful for TDWG to make recommenda­ level categories; to these are added additional infor­ tions. Dallwitz agreed to co-ordinate the presenta­ mation. The higher levels of the standard are rec­ tion of introductory material to imaging ommended, but lower level categories are to be as terminology, software and hardware, and that this examples, for guidance only. A standardized list of would be published in the TDWG Newsletter plant parts will be added to this list. The final (David Bedford & Diedrie Jinks have begun the report will be available for consideration at the next document). meeting. It was interesting to note that no-one at 9) GIS (convenor Bill Loader, UK) - Geo­ the meeting appeared too sure of how to use this graphic Information Systems. Three objectives:- (i) list! to investigate existing standards and make recom­ 6) Data Dictionary (convenor Rusty Russell, mendations; (ii) to research working practices and Smithsonian Institution) -essentially a dictionary make recommendations about these (e.g. confi­ of terms. Since almost all subgroups required a dence levels of such fields as altitude, latitude, etc; dictionary of terms for their specific working how values in fields are determined, by whom and groups, it was decided that Russell would collate when; and consistency checking of values in all of the dictionaries from these individual sub­ fields); (iii) to investigate the possibility of produc­ groups. The first draft of this dictionary would be ing an index of information sources (e.g. of his­ available before the next meeting. A lengthy and toric maps - particularly in digital form; frequently tedious discussion of the validity of pro­ collectors' itineraries; historic or alternative place ducing a data dictionary without a prior data model names). It was agreed that it would also be useful if occupied much of the session. However, the short­ an introductory paper explaining the difference term aim of this working group was to produce a between GIS and CAD was written. list of terms. 10) Data Models (temporary convenor Cathe­ 7) Phytogeography (acting convenor Mike rine Zellweger, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Lock, Kew) - discussion of the progress of this Chambesy, Switzerland). This working group con­ working group was limited because Helene Falaise sidered the role (if any) of the sub-group, including (Paris), the main proponent, was not able to attend the role of TDWG. It was agreed that the sub­ this meeting. The standard proposed is the Tahkta­ group had a valid role, which would include the jan system (as used at Paris). Since maps were not collation of all published data models within taxo­ provided, it was difficult to have a meaningful dis­ nomic models, so that assistance could be provided cussion. However, it was agreed that it would be for those needing to develop data models. This useful for this group to compare the major global information will be prepared before the next systems, producing a synonymy and an explana­ meeting, and is to be co-ordinated by the new con­ tion of the criteria used in each. It was concluded venor, Christine McMahon of Missouri Botanical that the use of standard global phytogeographic Garden. regions would be preferable, but that it would be unrealistic to endorse any current system or to Election of Officers for 1991/2 develop one, so the role of this group is as a forum for exchange of information on phytogeographic Chairman: Frank Bisby systems. Vice Chairman: Lorrain Giddings 8) Computer Images sub-group/forum (Pic­ Secretary: James Zarucchi tures & Images) (convenor Mike Dallwitz, CSIRO, Assistant Secretary: Wayt Thomas Canberra) - a discussion of current terminology Treasurer: George (Rusty) Russell and software was held. Standards required for Newsletter Editors: Herve B urdet, Bertrand von 28 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

Arx, Catherine Zellweger - with an introductory session before the work­ Assistant {regional) Secretaries:­ shop for the large number of new members that are Xu Kexue (Asia) expected. Barry Conn (Australia) September/October 1993, Washington, USA, Michael Lock (Britain) to coincide with the American Botanical Society Francisco Pando (Europe) Systematic conference to be held in the first week Maria de Jesus Ord6i'iez (Latin America) of October 1993 at MO. There will also be. a "shopwindow" display at Election of Representative to IOPI Council:­ the International Botanical Congress in Tokyo, Geo~ge (Rusty) Russell 1993.

Time and place of next Meetings:- Barry Conn and David Bedford 8-13 October 1992, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico National Herbarium of New South Wales

NOTICES

Request habitat characteristics cannot be confused with Naturalized Strandplants related species. If you would like further information, please At this year's joint symposium in Auckland I contact- presented a poster about how introduced strand­ Petros C. Heyligers plants have spread along Australian coasts. It was Tel (06) 251-1723 an extended version of the poster originally shown or leave a message at at the symposium and open forum in Canberra last CSIRO Division of Wildlife & Ecology, year. To help me keep track of further colonizing Lyneham, ACT events, I would like to seek the co-operation of Tel (06) 242-1600 beachcombers prepared to report occurrences Fax (06) 241-3343 (abundance and habitat) of the following species:­ Arctotheca populifolia (Asteraceae) Petrus Heyligers Cakile edentula and Cakile maritima (Brassicaceae) Cook, A.C.T. Euplwrbia paralias (Euphorbiaceae) Gladiolus gueinzii (Iridaceae) Hydrocotyle bonariensis (Apiaceae) Senecio elegans (Asteraceae) Australian Systematic Botany Tetragonia decumbens (Aiwaceae) Thinopyrumjunceum (syn. Elymusjarctus; Volume 4 Issue 1 has recently been published, Poaceae) and contains 17 papers from the "Austral Biogeog­ Trachyandra divaricata (Liliaceae) raphy" symposium of the 9th meeting of the Willi The first four of these species are of particular Hennig Society as well as the ASBS meeting interest to me. A. populifolia occurs in two forms:­ "Biogeography at the Crossroads", both held in one with smooth-margined, ellipsoid leaves, which August 1990. This issue has also been published as occurs along the east coast as far south as Flinders a special book version, with the title Austral Island; and the second one with more or less scal­ Biogeography. loped, deltoid leaves, found in Western Australia Publication of the first two issues of ASB has and in South Australia as far east as the South East been delayed because the company used for type­ region. Hence, observations of this species in Vic­ setting experienced financial difficulties. This was toria and Tasmania would be particularly valuable most unfortunate, given the effort that the authors and a voucher specimen most welcome. The two and editorial staff put into getting Issue 1 going Cakile species are often confused when not in fruit, after the conferences. ASB has now been trans­ and a voucher specimen would be needed if there ferred to another typesetting company, and we are is any doubt about the identification. E. paralias is back on schedule. Issues 2 and 3 have come out very uniform over its whole range, and given its dose together, and Number 4 will be out as sched- Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 29

uled for December 1991. lated to all Australian herbaria and other institutions Because of the great support that the journal identified by the Directory as having staff interested has received from authors, we shall be producing in Pacific botany. I would be grateful if those listed six issues per year from Volume 5 (1992) in the Directory could check all names, affiliations, onwards. and addresses for accuracy. It is equally important to check for errors of omission, since this directory Pauline Ladiges will be in use for a relatively long time. Chair, Editorial Committee It is important that any colleagues who have not filled out the relevant questionnaire should do so immediately. The questionnaire is in fourparts:­ (1) name and address; (2) the taxonomic groups of organisms with which you work; (3) the approach Plant taxonomists online that you take towards the organisms that you study; and (4) the geographical regions in which you There is now a worldwide directory of email work. (electronic mail) addresses of plant taxonomists All completed questionnaires, corrections, and/ and herbaria. So, if you have access to email or other relevant information must be returned to through your computer system (such as the com­ me, no later than 31 January 1992. puters at CSIRO and all Australian universities, for example, have through AARNET), then you can Barry Conn contact colleagues interstate or overseas. This Australian member of Standing system allows you to transfer data as well as to Committee for Botany send messages. For example, the text of the con­ Pacific Science Association ference abstracts in this issue of the Newsletter were transferred from New Zealand to Australia via email, which was much faster than posting a computer disk. If you are interested in being placed on the Fenner Conference on the directory, then send an email message (you can National Biodiversity Strategy include your postal address, and phone and fax numbers) to "JMYGA [email protected]", As part of the public assessment of the com­ and Jane will put you on the list and send you a monwealth government's draft National Strategy current directory listing. for the Conservation of Biological Diversity, the Jeremy Bruhl Department of Arts, Sport, the Environment, Tourism and Territories (DASETT) is hosting a con­ RSBS,ANU ference and symposium to discuss particular aspects of the strategy. Associated with the DASETT meeting, the Eco­ logical Society of Australia has been invited by the Directory of Pacific Botanists Academy of Science to hold a Fenner Conference, and to organize workshops on particular topics or Since 1987 the Scientific Committee on Botany areas covered by the national strategy. The meeting of the Pacific Science Association has undertaken is to be held on 11-13 March 1992 at the Academy to update the Directory of Pacific Botanists. The of Science in Canberra last Directory of Pacific Botanists was completed I understand that the planning committee is in 1984, based on a survey carried out in 1983. By intending to invite ASBS to participate. Because of 1990, it was clearly time to update the information the limitations of the theatre, there will be restricted in the previous Directory. A new questionnaire numbers of attendees. The plan is to invite at least was developed that would provide more detailed 60 independent scientists to interact with partici­ information than was obtained in the earlier pants from the various state and federal government version. This was sent to all those people who had departments and others such as conservationists. identified themselves as having an interest in the If you would like to be involved in the confer­ botany of the Pacific. ence and to participate in the workshops, please let I am currently checking the Australian entries me know. There are no registration fees, but there in the Directory. Relevant sections will be circu- are no funds available for transport or support 30 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

either. The timing is such that no further notice will Hotel, Jokyakarta (Yokyakarta), Indonesia. The appear in this Newsletter. Thus, I shall have to two major themes to be discussed at this sympo­ arrange to send organizational details to those who sium will be taxonomy and biodiversity, with an contact me, once DASETT finalizes its arrange­ emphasis on action rather than theory. For further ments. information contact:- I see this as an excellent opportunity for ASBS DrM. Rifal, to play an active role in some of the decision­ Herbarium Bogoriense, making about conservation of biodiversity. This ll. Raya Juanda 22-24, national strategy is likely to be a powerful piece of Bogor. government legislation that will affect many of our Indonesia activities, whether they be scientific or recreational. Most aspects of our systematic work have impact Pacific Botany for the 21st Century on or are directly providing information for biodi­ versity-related issues, including of course the data Okinawa, Japan held with herbarium specimens. 1993

Judy West For further information contact:­ President, ASBS Inc. Dr S.H. Sohmer, Chairman, Standing Committee for Botany, Pacific Science Association, Conferences P.O. Box 17801, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817. Flora Malesian Syposium USA Barry Conn Jokyakarta, Indonesia 7-12 September 1992 Secretary, ASBS Inc. The second Flora Malesian Symposium will be held from 7-12 September 1992 at the Garuda

Jllustralian Systematic 1Jotany Sockty Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 31 jlndex to A.S.B.S. Newsletter Numbers 66-69, 1991 I

Articles Systematic and Ecological Relationships of the South Pacific Floras conference 66: 20; 67: A method for dealing with unordered multistate 28; 68: 27; 69: 6 characters, by Y.H. Hwang 67: 22 A not-so-brief review of the history of the Austra­ Commentary lian Systematic Botany Society Newsletter, by David Morrison 66: 4 A bicentenary, by Alex George 68: 25 Buddleja- Where is it in Australia?, by Barry J. Casuarinaceae - Some clarifications, by Lawrie Conn and Elizabeth A. Brown 69: 2 A.S. Johnson 67: 25 Camels: Their food preferences in central Austra­ Casuarinas on the wing, or Fancies on the wing?, lia, by Les Pedley 69: 4 by Yee H. Hwang 67:26 Cleland memories, by Hansjoerg Eichler and Eric Comment on the Newsletter, by George Chippen­ Sims, compiled by W.R. Barker 68: 2 dale 67:27 Domin's Australian grass types come to light, by Continental drip reviewed, by David Morrison 68: Terry Macfarlane 68: 11 25 Druid's Caps- George Caley's collections of the Continental drip revisited, by Timothy B. Holst genus Pterostylis R.Br. in the colony of New 68:23 South Wales 1800-1810, by Joan B. Webb Fake tectonics and continental drip, by John C. and Peter R. Lister 66: 16 Holden 68: 21 Grasses of the New World and 42nd AIBS Old herbaria: Who collected what?, by Bill Barker meeting, San Antonio, Texas, by Bryan 68:26 Simon 68: 16 Opening remarks to the first issue of the ASBS Grass manuscript by C.C. Mez for Engler's Newsletter, by Selwyn Everist 66: 2 "Pflanzenreich", by Bryan Simon 69: 3 Publishing of ASBS Council meetings, by Barry "In honorem Georgii Caley" - George Caley's Conn 67:27 collections and descriptions of orchids in the Samaras and feathers, or Casuarinas on the wing?, colony of New South Wales 1800-1810, by by Mike Crisp 67:23 Joan B. Webb and Peter R. Lister 67: 2 Jones on Greene, by John Clarkson 67: 20 Editorial Notes on Nancy Burbidge, by George Chippen­ dale 67:21 David Morrison and Barbara Wiecek 66: 1 Resurrection of the Honiara Herbarium (BSIP), David Morrison and Barbara Wiecek 67:·1 Solomon Islands, by Paul Forster 68: 19 David Morrison and Barbara Wiecek 69: 1 Stability of the scientific names of plants, by Paul Barbara Wiecek and David Morrison 68: 1 Hattersley 67: 10 The Casuarinaceae: A biogeography-based theory, Member personal profiles by Yee H. Hwang 68: 14 The Casuarinaceae: A few problematic fossil Conn, Barry 67: 30 records, by Yee H. Hwang 66: 15 Foreman, Don 66: 21 Leach, Greg 66: 22 ASBS Inc. Business Morrison, David 66: 22 Powell, Jocelyn 66: 21 An Introduction to PATN 69: 5 West, Judy 67: 28 Biogeography and Phylogenetics of Pacific Flora Wiecek, Barbara 66: 22 symposium 69: 5 Council elections 67: 28; 69: 5 Notices CSIRO scientific journals 68: 27 Fourteenth General Meeting notice 67: 28; 69: 5 Australian Systematic Botany 69: 28 Southern Temperate Ecosystems: Origin and Books for sale 68: 39 Diversification conference 69: 6 Change of publisher for Flora Malesiana 68: 39 Subscription warning 66: 20 Conference and workshop on conservation biology 32 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

67:42 Reviews Conference on monocotyledons 68: 37 Conferences 69: 30 "Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cape York Peninsula scientific expedition 66: 30 Cultivation, Volume 5" 67:40 Directory of Pacific botanists 69: 29 "Flora of New South Wales, Volume 1" 68: 36 Ecology of Sydney plants project 68: 38 "History of Systematic Botany in Australasia" 67: Fenner conference on the National Biodiversity 41 . Strategy 69: 29 "Orchids of South Australia" 66: 29 Plant taxonomists online 68: 29 "Plants of the Adelaide Plains and Hills" 66: 27; Request for copies of Newsletters 66: 30 66:28 Request for material 67: 44; 68: 38, 39 "Plant Systematics in the Age of Molecular Request for naturalized strandplants 69: 28 Biology" 68: 33 Society of'Systematic Biologists 67: 44 "The Herbarium Handbook" 66: 26 Symposium and workshop on biological collec- "Tropical Forests: Botanical Dynamics, Speciation tions 66:31 and Diversity" 67: 38 Taxon back issues special sale 66: 30 TDWG 7 :conference 67: 43 General The 1991 Jesse M. Greenman award 68: 39 Workshops 67:43 Abstracts for Systematic and Ecological Relation­ ships of the South Pacific Floras conference Persona'! News 69:7 Annison, Geoffrey: Request for material 68: 38 Alexander William Jessep (1892-1991) 67: 37 ASBS Chapter conveners 68: 40; 69: 36 AlmaLee(1912-1990) 66:25 ASBS Newsletter logo 66: 3 David Churchill 67:37 ASBS Publications 66: 32 Job movements 66: 25 Aston, Helen I.: PhilipS. Short 68: 33 Leiden appointments 68: 33 Philip S. Short 68: 33 Baas, P.: Change of publisher for Flora Malesiana 68:39 Reports Barker, Bill: Old herbaria: Who collected what? 68:26 Advances in Labiatae Science conference 67: 34 Barker, Bill: Report from ASBS Adelaide Chapter ASBS Adelaide Chapter 68: 30 68:30 ASBS Canberra Chapter 68: 30 Barker, W.R.: Cleland memories 68: 2 ASBS Melbourne Chapter 67: 33; 69: 23 Bedford, David and Conn, Barry: Report from ASBS Sydney Chapter 66: 24; 67:35 International Working Group on Taxonomic Australian Biological Resources Study 66: 23; 67: Databases for Plant Sciences TDWG 7 69: 25 33; 68: 28; 69: 19 Benson, Doug: Ecology of Sydney plants project Australian Biological Resources Study flora grants 68:38 1992 :69:20 Berg, Kathryn: Cape York Peninsula scientific Australian "Biological Resources Study flora grants expedition 66: 30 preferred objectives 1993 69: 19 Bierce, Ambrose: The Devil's Dictionary 66: 14; Australian Botanical Liaison Officer 66: 23; 67: 68: 13; 69: 18 35; 68: 29; 69: 23 Bray, Alan: TDWG 7 conference 67: 43 CA VP and APNI databases 68: 32 Briggs, Barbara G.: Alma Lee (1912-1990) 66: Federation,of Australian Scientific and Technologi­ 25 cal Societies geneml meeting 69: 22 Brown, Elizabeth A. and Conn, Barry J.: Buddleja Improving the Stability of Names: Needs and -Where is it in Australia? 69: 2 Options meeting 67: 10 Brown, E. A. and Conn, B.J.: Request for material Internatiomal Organisation for Plant Information 67:44 68: 30; 69: 24 Bruhl, Jeremy: Plant taxonomists online 68: 29 International Working Group on Taxonomic Data­ Bruhl, Jeremy: Report from ASBS Canberra bases for Plant Sciences TDWG 7 69: 25 Chapter 68: 30 Pacific Science Congress 67: 36 Bruhl, Jeremy: Report on Federation of Australian Scientific and Technological Societies general Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 33

meeting 69: 22 Aoras conference 69: 6 Greuter, Werner: Taxon back issues special sale Chippendale, George: Comment on the Newsletter 66:30 67:27 Grigg, Gordon: Conference and workshop on Chippendale, George: Notes on Nancy Burbidge conservation biology 67: 42 67:21 Clarkson, John: Jones on Greene 67: 20 Haegi, Laurie: Review of "Encyclopaedia of Aus­ Conn, Barry: Conferences 69: 30 tralian Plants Suitable for Cultivation, Volume Conn, Barry: Directory of Pacific botanists 69: 29 5" 67:40 Conn, Barry: Publishing of ASBS Council meet- Hattersley, Paul: Stability of the scientific names ings 67: 27 ofplants 67: 10 Conn, Barry: Report from Advances in Labiatae Hill, Bob: Pacific Science Congress report 67: 36 Science conference 67: 34 Hill, Bob: Southern Temperate Ecosystems: Origin Conn, Barry and Bedford, David: Report from and Diversification conference 69: 6 International Working Group on Taxonomic Holden, John C.: Fake tectonics and continental Databases for Plant Sciences TDWG 7 69: 25 drip 68:21 Conn, Barry J. and Brown, Elizabeth A.: Buddleja Holst, Timothy B.: Continental drip revisited 68: - Where is it in Australia? 69: 2 23 Conn, B.J. and Brown, E.A.: Request for mate­ Hwang, Yee H.: Casuarinas on the wing, or rial 67: 44 Fancies on the wing? 67: 26 Crisp, Mike: Samaras and feathers, or Casuarinas Hwang, Yee H.: The Casuarinaceae: A biogeogra­ on the wing? 67: 23 phy-based theory 68: 14 Curnow, Judith: Workshops 67: 43 Hwang, Yee H.: The Casuarinaceae: A few prob­ lematic fossil records 66: 15 Drinnan, Andrew: Report from ASBS Melbourne Hwang, Y.H.: A method for dealing with unor­ Chapter 67: 33 dered multistate characters 67:22

Eichler, Hansjoerg: Cleland Memories 68: 2 Jessop, John P.: Review of "Orchids of South Entwisle, Tim: Report from ASBS Melbourne Australia" 66: 29 Chapter 69: 23 Johnson, Lawrie A.S.: Casuarinaceae -Some clar­ Erratum 68: I ifications 67: 25 Everist, Selwyn: Opening remarks to the first issue of the ASBS Newsletter 66: 2 Krauss, Siegy: Report from ASBS Sydney Chapter 66: 24; 67: 35 Foreman, Don: Request for copies of Newsletters 66: 30 Ladiges, Pauline: Australian Systematic Botany Forster, Paul: Resurrection of the Honiara Herbar­ 69:28 ium (BSIP), Solomon Islands 68: 19 Leach, Greg: Report from Australian Botanical Liaison Officer 66: 23; 67: 35; 68: 29 George, Alex: A bicentenary 68: 25 Lister, Peter R. and Webb, Joan B.: Druid's Caps George, Alex: Australian Biological Resources - George Caley's collections of the genus Study flora grants 1992 69: 20 Pterostylis R.Br. in the colony of New South George, Alex: Australian Biological Resources Wales 1800-1810 66: 16 Study flora grants preferred objectives 1993 Lister, Peter R. and Webb, Joan B.: "In honorem 69: 19 Georgii Caley" - George Caley's collections George, Alex: Report from Australian Biological and descriptions of orchids in the colony of Resources Study 66: 23; 67: 33; 68: 28; 69: New South Wales 1800-1810 67: 2 19 George, Alex: Report on International Organisa­ Macfarlane, Terry: Domin's Australian grass types tion for Plant Information 68: 30; 69: 24 come to light 68: 11 Gillison, Andy: Review of "Tropical Forests: Makinson, Bob: Report on CA VP and APNI data­ Botanical Dynamics, Speciation and Diversity" bases 68: 32 67:38 Morrison, David: A not-so-brief review of the Godley, Eric: Opening address to Systematic and history of the Australian Systematic Botany Ecological Relationships of the South Pacific Society Newsletter 66: 4 34 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

Morrison, David: Continental drip reviewed 68: Plains and Hills" 66: 27 25 Simon, Bryan: Grasses of the New World and Murray, Louisa: Review of "The Herbarium 42nd AIBS meeting, San Antonio, Texas 68: Handbook" 66: 26 16 Simon, Bryan: Grass manuscript by C.C. Mez for Naisbitt, Thomas: Request for material 68: 39 Engler's "Pflanzenreich" 69: 3 Nordenstam, BertH: Quotation 67: 44 Sims, Eric: Cleland Memories 68: 2 Software licences 67: 44 Opening address to Systematic and Ecological Symon, D.E.: Review of "Plants of the Adelaide Relationships of the South Pacific Floras con­ Plains and Hills" 66: 28 ference 69: 6 Taylor, Bert Liston: The triumph of reason 66: 19 Telephone and fax numbers for major Australian Paper records 67: 36 herbaria 67: 44; 68: 40; 69: 36 Pearson, Daphne: Books for sale 68: 39 Telford, Ian: Review of "Flora of New South Pedley, Les: Camels: Their food preferences in Wales, Volume 1" 68: 36 central Australia 69: 4 Thompson, Joy: Trinity College, Dublin 66: 25

Razors 67: 37 Webb, Joan B. and Lister, Peter R.: Druid's Caps Recent pl)blications 66: 29; 67: 42; 68: 37 - George Caley's collections of the genus Richardson, Mick: The 1991 Jesse M. Greenman Pterostylis R.Br. in the colony of New South award 68:39 Wales 1800-1810 66: 16 Robertson, Enid: Review of "History of Syste­ Webb, Joan B. and Lister, Peter R.: "In honorem matic Botany in Australasia" 67: 41 Georgii Caley" - George Caley's collections Ross, J.H.: Alexander William Jessep (1892- and descriptions of orchids in the colony of 1991) 67: 37 New South Wales 1800-1810 67:2 Ross, J.H.: David Churchill 67: 37 West, Judy: Fenner conference on the National Rudall, Paula: Conference on monocotyledons 68: Biodiversity Strategy 69: 29 37 West, Judy: Symposium and workshop on biolog­ ical collections 66: 31 Short, Philip: Report from Australian Botanical Weston, Peter: Review of "Plant Systematics in Liaison Officer 69: 23 the Age of Molecular Biology" 68: 33 Short, Philip: Review of "Plants of the Adelaide

Some of the Xanthorrhoea designs used on the ASBS mugs Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991) 35

AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY SOCIETY

History of Systematic Botany in Australasia Edited by P.S. Short. A4, case bound, 326pp. A.S.B.S., 1990. Members $40; non-members $50. Postage $8. For all those people interested in the 1988 A.S.B.S. symposium in Melbourne, here are the proceedings. It is a very nicely presented volume, containing 36 papers on: the botanical exploration of our region; the role of horticulturalists, collectors and artists in the early documentation of the flora; the renowned (Mueller, Cunningham), and those whose contribution is sometimes overlooked (Buchanan, Wilhelmi).

Systematic Status of Large Flowering Plant Genera A.S.B.S. Newsletter Number 53, edited by Helen Hewson. 1987. $5 + $1.10 postage. This Newsletter issue includes the reports from the February 1986 Boden Conference on the "Systematic Status of Large flowering Plant Genera". The reports cover: the genus concept; the role of cladistics in generic delimitation; geographic range and the genus concept; the value of chemical characters, pollination syndromes, and breeding systems as generic determinants; and generic concepts in the Asteraceae, Che­ nopodiaceae, Epacridaceae, Cassia, Acacia, and Eucalyptus.

Flora and Fauna of Alpine Australasia: Ages and Origins Edited by B.A. Barlow. A.S.B.S. & C.S.I.R.O., 1986. $21 + $5 postage. The alpine environments of Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand differ from each other in terms of topography, genesis, climate, and biota. They also contrast strongly with alpine habitats in the northern hemisphere. Palaeoclimatology, palaeobotany, biogeography, ecology, and plant and animal systematics have been used here to give an understanding of the biohistorical relationships of these isolated islands of alpine terrain in the southern hemisphere.

Evolution of the Flora and Fauna of Arid Australia Edited by W.R. Barker & P.J.M. Greenslade. A.S.B.S. & A.N.Z.A.A.S., 1982. $20 + $5 postage. This collection of more than 40 papers will interest all people concerned with Australia's dry inland, or the evolutionary history of its flora and fauna. It is of value to those studying both arid lands and evolution in general. Six sections cover: ecological and historical background; ecological and reproductive adaptations in plants; vertebrate animals; invertebrate animals; individual plant groups; and concluding remarks.

Australian Systematic Botany Society Newsletter Back issues of the Newsletter are available from Number27 (May 1981) onwards, excluding Numbers 29 and 31. Here is the chance to complete your set. Cover prices are $3.50 (Numbers 27-59, excluding Number 53) and $5.00 (Number 53, and 60 onwards). Postage $1.10 per issue.

Also available are sweaters ($25), t-shirts ($15), mugs ($8 each, or $42 for a six-pack), and scarfs ($20).

Send orders and remittances (payable to "ASBS Inc.") to: Helen Thompson or Helen Hewson A.S.B.S. Sales flora of Australia G.P.O. Box 636 CANBERRA. A.C.T. 2601. AUS1RALIA 36 Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter 69 (December 1991)

A.S.B.S. CHAPTER CONVENERS

Adelaide Hobart Bill Balker Tony Orchard State Herbarium of South Australia Tasmanian Herbarium Botanic Gardens University of Tasmania North Terrace G.P.O. Box 252C ADELAmE. S.A. 5000. HOBART. T AS. 7001. Tel: (08) 228-2303 Tel: (002) 20-2635

Brisbane Melbourne Laurie Jessup Tim Entwisle Queensland Herbarium National Herbarium of Victoria Meiers Road Birdwood Avenue INDOOROOPILL Y. QLD. 4068. SOUTH YARRA. VIC. 3141. Tel: (07» 371-3511 Tel: (03) 655-2313

Canberra Perth Jeremy Bruhl Terry Macfarlane Research School of Biological Sciences Western Australian Herbarium Australian National University Dept. of Conservation and Land Management G.P.O. Box 475 P.O. Box 104 CANBERRA. A.C.T. 2601. COMO. W.A. 6152. Tel: (06)246-5175 Tel: (09) 367-0333 Darwin Sydney Clyde Dunlop Siegy Krauss Darwin Herbarium National Herbarium of New South Wales Conservation Commission of the N. T. Royal Botanic Gardens P.O. Box496 Mrs Macquaries Road PALMERSTON. N.T. 0831. SYDNEY. N.S.W. 2000. Tel: (089) 89-5511 Tel: (02) 231-8138

T-elephone and Fax Numbers for Major Australian Herbaria

International dialling sequence from outside Australia:- add the Australian country code 61 and omit the leading zero of the area code. flD BRI HO MBA Ph: (>08) 2282311 Ph: (07) 8779328 Ph: (002) 202635 Ph: (070) 921555 Fax: (OJi!) 2231809 Fax: (07) 3716655 Fax: (002) 202186 Fax: (070) 923593

CANB CBG MEL NSW Ph: (06) 2465113 Ph: (06) 2509450 Ph: (03) 6552300 Ph: (02)2318111 Fax: ~Cltii) 2465249 Fax: (06) 2509599 Fax: (03) 6552350 Fax: (02) 2514403

DNA FRI PERTH QRS Ph: (089) 894516 Ph: (06) 2818211 Ph: (09) 3670500 Ph: (070) 911755 Fax: ~089) 323849 Fax: (06) 2818312 Fax: (09) 3670515 Fax: (070) 913245

This list will be kept up to date, and will be published in each issue. Please inform David Bedford (NSW) of any changes or additions. The Society

- The Australian Systematic Botany Society is an incorporated association of over 300 people with professional or amateut interest in botany. The aim of the Society is to promote the study of plant. systematics. ·

0 Membership is open to all those interested in .plant systematics. Membership entitles the member to attend general meetings and chapter rriee_tings, and t6 receive the Newsletter. Any person may become a member by forwarding the annual subscription to the treasurer. Subscriptions become due on January 1 each year:

The Newsletter

The Newsletter appears quarterly, keeps members informed of Society events and news,cand provides a vehicle for debate and discussion. In addition, original articles, riotes and letters (not exceeding ten published pages in length) will be considered. ·

Contributions, should besent to one of the-editors at the address given below. They should preferably be submitted' as an ..unformatted word-processor or ASCII file. on an MS-DOS or Macintosh diskette accompanied by a printed copy, or as two typ~d-copies with double-spacing.

The deadline for contributions is the last day of February, May, August, and November.

All items incorporated in the Newsletter will be duly acknowledged. Authors alone are responsible for the views expressed, and statements made by the/authors do not necessarily represent the views of the Australian Systematic .Botany Society Jnc. Newsletter items should not be reprOduced without the permission ofJhe author of the material. - -

Notes

ASBS annual membership is $22 (Aust); full-time ~tudents $12. Please make cheques out to ASBS Inc., and remit to the treasurer. All changes of address should be sent dir~ctly to the treasurer, as well. '

Advertising space is available for products or services of interest to ASBS. members. C4rrent rate is $100 per full page, $50 per half-page .or less. Contact one of the Newsletter editors for further inf<;>rmation. · ._ ' I

Editors

Ms B.M. Wiecek Dr D.A. Morrison

National Herbarium of NSW , Department of Applied Biology Royal Botanic Gardens University ofTechnology, Sydney Mrs Macquaries Road POBox 123 SYDNEY NSW 2000 BROADWAY NSW 2007 Tel (02) i318130 Tel (02) 3304159 Fax (02).251 4403 Fax(02)3304003

. Cover_

David Mackay Austral. Syst. Bot. Soc. Newsletter -69 (December 1991)

CONTENTS

Editorial' ··········································································-···········································- . Articles Buddleja- Where is it in Australia? by B.J. Conn alld E.A. Brown ...... ,...... ·: ...... ; ...... ~ ...... 2 Grass manuscript by C. C. Mez for Engler's Pflanzenreich · by B. Simon ...... : ...... : ...... : ...... 3 Camels: Their food preferences ih central Australia · by L. Pedley ...... , ...· ...... , ...... ·...... ': ...... : ...... 4

Australian Systematic Botany Society Business

.Fourteenth general meeting ...... : ...... :·.' ..... d.--; ...... • 5 Council elyctions ...... _...... : ...... - ...._ ..... , ...... , ... ·5 An Introduction.. to PATN workshop ...... : ..... ~ ...... - ...... · ...... , ...... 5 ·· Biogeography and Phylogenetics of Pacific Florasymposium...... : ...... 5 Southern Temperate J:<:c6systems: Origin and Diversification conference ...... "...... 6 Systematic and Ecological Relationships.of South Pacific Flora's conference Opening address ..... _~······· ...... ;: ...... ·: ...... : ...... _ ...... ~ .. ··············•· .. ······· 6 .Abstracts ...... : ...... 7

Reports . · ·· · · · Australian Biologital Resources Study .... :.: ...... : .... ; ...... : ...... ,.: ...... 19 Australian Biological Resources Study' flora grants preferred objectives for 1993 ...... :: ..... 19 Australian Biological Resources Study flora grants 1992 .... : ...... ~ ...... : ...... 20 Feneratibn of Australian Scientific and Technological. Societies annual meeting ...... 22 Australian Botanical Liaison Officer, Ke~ .....· ...... 23 ASBS Melbourne ,Chapter ...... ': ...... : ...... 24 International Organization for Plant Information .. ;.: ...... : ...... : ...... 24 The International-Working Group on Taxonomic Databases' for Plant Sciences ...... ,. 25

Notices . Request-:--- naturalized strandpla:nts ...... -: ...... : ...... :28 Australian Systematic Botany ...... , ...... 28 Plant.Taxonomists online ...- ...... "...... , .... : ...... :: .... 29 Directory of Pacific botanists ...... : ...... , ...... 29 Fenner confere_nce on the National Biodiversity Strategy ...... :...... ,. 29 Cnnferences: ...... , ..- .. :: ...... _...... ~...... - ... 30

Index to A.S.B.s~ NewsJ.etter N-umbers 66-69, 1991 ...... _ ...... ': ...... ~ ...... 31

A.S.B.S. Chapter Conveners, and Herbaria Phone Numbers _ ...... : ...... : ...... 36