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Bellringer: 3/3 Bellringer: 3/3 1. Take out your Interwar Period vocabulary for a HW check. If you showed the vocab to me last class, you do NOT need to take them out again. 2. Make the following ToC updates: a. Page 114: Notes: Interwar - Fallout from WWI b. Page 115: Notes: Global Economic Depression c. Page 116: Great Depression Image Analysis/Writing Assignment 3. Write down your HW: a. Finish your writing assignment for a GRADE, due next class. b. Interwar Vocab Quiz on 3/9 c. Interwar Mini-Test on 3/11 Agenda: 3/3 1. Bellringer (Vocab Check) 2. Vocab Key Projection 3. Test Return 4. Notes: Interwar Period Begins (Fallout from WWI, Global Economic Depression) 5. Great Depression Photo Analysis/Writing Assignment The Interwar Period : 1919-1939 RECAP: World War I Ends ★ World War I lasted about 4 years (1914- 1918) ★ Over 10 million military personnel and an additional 10 million civilians died during the war ★ Germany signs armistice on November 11, 1918 ○ “On the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month” ○ What does it do? Ends WWI ★ Treaty of Versailles signed in summer of 1919 at Paris Peace Conference Peace in the Interwar Period? ★ End of war = period of peace? WRONG! ★ Means the Interwar Period is not a peaceful one ○ Why no peace? ■ 1. Only the U.S. and Japan are better off after WWI ■ 2. Europe is in shambles ● Governments (especially democratic ones like the ones in France and Germany) are not in good shap ● European countries do not trust each othe - 3. People are dissatisfied with their governments - 4. People are suffering Why were there problems during the Interwar Period? 1. Fallout from World War 2. Global economic depression 3. Rise of dictators in Europe and Asia 1. Fallout from World War I 1. Fallout from World War I 1. Problems with Treaty of Versailles ★ Treaty of Versailles = ended World War I ★ Terms of the peace treaty: 1. Assigned reparations (punishments) for Germany and other Central Powers countries 2. Germany is required to downsize and demilitarize (military and territory) 3. “War Guilt” clause ★ Result: Central Powers (especially Germany) feel unfairly targeted ○ This unrest in Germany (+ the people’s anger that their government agreed to the Treaty of Versailles) helps set stage for Hitler’s rise to power in the mid-1930s 1. Fallout from World War I 2. Problems with the League of Nations ★ LoN = an international organization that was supposed to prevent future wars ★ League of Nations = HUGE failure. Why? ○ Not enough power to enforce its decisions ○ The U.S. refuses to join the League of Nations ○ No effective military force ○ Not able to force Germany to disarm 1. Fallout from World War I 3. Establishment of the mandate system ★ World War I ends = Ottoman Empire falls ★ Ottomans had been in decline for some time, but WWI brings about the official end of the Ottomans Ottoman Empire falls = new territory up for grabs Great Britain: Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine France: Syria and Lebanon Who gets what? 2. Global economic depression 2. Global economic depression Why do we have that image of the Interwar Period? ★ Because the 1920s were actually prosperous (for some!)! ○ 1920s = sometimes called the “Golden Twenties” ○ Industry grew and more and more goods were able to be produced ○ Increased consumption of goods 1. People have excess $$, more leisure time 2. Advertising industry grows = people buy more ○ More and more people are investing in the stock market ■ Means corporations/big businesses make a lot of money ■ People deposit money in banks, are given loans 2. Global economic depression “We do not dare to use even a little soap, when it will pay for an extra egg or a few “You can get pretty discouraged and … more carrots for our children ” your soles can get pretty thin after you’ve been job hunting a couple months.” “People living in old, rusted-out car bodies...There were people living in shacks made of orange crates. One family with a whole lot of kids were living in a piano box.” “On that day, they told me I needed more cash to cover up. I couldn’t get it. I was wiped out that day.” 2. Global economic depression “Fair weather cannot continue. Sooner or later, a crash is coming...and it may be terrific.” 2. Global economic depression Despite the extravagance and luxury of the “Golden Twenties,” things were happening during the 1920s that actually hid a lot of things that would later cause economic problems in the 1930s. 2. Global economic depression Problem: Europe = is in severe debt from World War I 2. Global economic depression Problem: Over- extending of loans (both from banks to people and from country to country 2. Global economic recession Problem: Bank failure 2. Global economic depression What were the causes of the Great Depression/global economic depression? _________________________________________________________________ 1. Impact of German reparation payments 2. Expansion of production capabilities 3. The U.S. as the dominant player in the global economy 4. High protective tariffs 5. Credit system expands 6. More and more people investing money in the stock market 2. Global economic depression The 1930s: The Great Depression/global economic depression sets in ★ Stock market crash on 10/29/29 ★ Oct. 29, 1929 is “Black Tuesday” in the United States ○ Triggers economic depression worldwide ○ Industries and banks start to fail, employment falls United States Great Britain France Germany Industrial -46% -23% -24% -41% production Wholesale -32% -33% -33% -29% prices Foreign -70% -60% -54% -61% trade Unemployment +607 +129 +214 +232 Economic Changes: 1929-1932 2. Global economic depression What were the effects of the Great Depression/global economic depression? _________________________________________________________________ ★ High unemployment ★ Scapegoating ★ Bank failures ★ Loss of faith in ★ Collapse of credit capitalism/democracy ★ Global trade prices ★ Authoritarian leaders fall gain support (Fascism, Nazism, Communism) WRITING ACTIVITY: Global Economic Depression For the remainder of class, you will work on an image analysis/writing activity. It will be due NEXT CLASS and will be graded. _________________________________________________________________ 1. Choose an image from the selection offered. You can also pick an image of your own choosing. Make sure to remember which image you picked if you use your own, as you will need to print it and tape/glue it to the front of your paper. 2. Follow the instructions at the top of your image analysis/writing prompt. 3. You will create a first-person account from the perspective of a person featured in your image. This can take the form of: a letter, a diary entry, etc. 4. You will be graded on the following: (15 total points) a. Length of writing (needs to be one full page at least) b. Creativity/effort c. Inclusion of information from your notes/personal research on the Great Depression/global economic depression 3. Rise of dictators in Europe & Asia 3. Rise of dictators/totalitarianism ★ What is totalitarianism? Definition: “Of, relating to, being, or imposing a form of government in which the political authority [usually a single party with a powerful ruler] exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life and the individual is subordinated to the state, and opposing political and cultural expression is suppressed." 3. Rise of dictators/totalitarianism Key characteristics of totalitarianism/totalitarian dictators: ★ 1. One party controls the government. There is no two-party or multiparty system in place. ★ 2. The party (or dictator) in control are not tolerant of other political beliefs or other political parties. ★ 3. The individual (average everyday person) has no real power or individual rights under the totalitarian government system. ★ 4. Usually, “a cult of personality” has developed around the dictator or political party in charge of the government. 3. Rise of dictators/totalitarianism Why were totalitarian dictators able to come to power? Why did totalitarianism/dictators come to power? Effects of the Treaty of Versailles: ★ Germany = supposed to be left without an army or navy ★ Reparations ($$$) demanded from Central Powers, especially Germany ★ Territories divided → new nations are created (mandate system) ○ Created without the permission of people living there ★ Soviet Union (USSR) = left out of peace talks at the end of WWI Why did totalitarianism/dictators come to power? Effects of the Great Depression/global economic depression: ★ Failing economies = leads to people becoming disillusioned with their governments/leaders ○ See this in different countries ★ Scapegoating - blaming certain groups of people for the economic problems of the late 1920s-1930s ○ Example: Nazis blaming Jews for economic depression ★ Loss of faith in capitalism and democracy ○ Example: Weimar Republic (Germany) 3. Rise of dictators/totalitarianism Where did totalitarianism rise? 1. Nazism in Germany 2. Fascism in Italy 3. Communism in the Soviet Union 4. Totalitarianism in Japan ★ How did Hitler/the Nazis come to 1. Nazism in Germany power? ● Political text: Mein Kampf, by Hitler ● Inflation → economic depression = gives Hitler/Nazis a chance to come to power ● Weimar Republic is viewed as weak ● Depression = made democracy look bad ● Nazi Party = most powerful political party in Germany by 1932 ● Hitler becomes chancellor in 1933; ★ Goals and Ideas: ○ Felt Western powers would NOT use force to maintain terms of Treaty of Versailles ○ Anti-Semitic (discrimination towards Jews) ○ GOAL = “lebensraum” (“living space”) ■ Hitler/Nazis
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