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Chapter 48 – Creative Destructor
Chapter 48 Creative destructor Starting in the late 19th century, when the Hall-Heroult electrolytic reduction process made it possible for aluminum to be produced as a commodity, aluminum companies began to consolidate and secure raw material sources. Alcoa led the way, acquiring and building hydroelectric facilities, bauxite mines, alumina refineries, aluminum smelters, fabricating plants and even advanced research laboratories to develop more efficient processing technologies and new products. The vertical integration model was similar to the organizing system used by petroleum companies, which explored and drilled for oil, built pipelines and ships to transport oil, owned refineries that turned oil into gasoline and other products, and even set up retail outlets around the world to sell their products. The global economy dramatically changed after World War II, as former colonies with raw materials needed by developed countries began to ask for a piece of the action. At the same time, more corporations with the financial and technical means to enter at least one phase of aluminum production began to compete in the marketplace. As the global Big 6 oligopoly became challenged on multiple fronts, a commodity broker with a Machiavellian philosophy and a natural instinct for deal- making smelled blood and started picking the system apart. Marc Rich began by taking advantage of the oil market, out-foxing the petroleum giants and making a killing during the energy crises of the 1970s. A long-time metals trader, Rich next eyed the weakened aluminum industry during the 1980s, when depressed demand and over-capacity collided with rising energy costs, according to Shawn Tully’s 1988 account in Fortune. -
A List of the Records That Petitioners Seek Is Attached to the Petition, Filed Concurrently Herewith
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IN RE PETITION OF STANLEY KUTLER, ) AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, ) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR LEGAL HISTORY, ) Miscellaneous Action No. ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS, ) and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN ARCHIVISTS. ) ) MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR ORDER DIRECTING RELEASE OF TRANSCRIPT OF RICHARD M. NIXON’S GRAND JURY TESTIMONY OF JUNE 23-24, 1975, AND ASSOCIATED MATERIALS OF THE WATERGATE SPECIAL PROSECUTION FORCE Professor Stanley Kutler, the American Historical Association, the American Society for Legal History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Society of American Archivists petition this Court for an order directing the release of President Richard M. Nixon’s thirty-five-year- old grand jury testimony and associated materials of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force.1 On June 23-24, 1975, President Nixon testified before two members of a federal grand jury who had traveled from Washington, DC, to San Clemente, California. The testimony was then presented in Washington, DC, to the full grand jury that had been convened to investigate political espionage, illegal campaign contributions, and other wrongdoing falling under the umbrella term Watergate. Watergate was the defining event of Richard Nixon’s presidency. In the early 1970s, as the Vietnam War raged and the civil rights movement in the United States continued its momentum, the Watergate scandal ignited a crisis of confidence in government leadership and a constitutional crisis that tested the limits of executive power and the mettle of the democratic process. “Watergate” was 1A list of the records that petitioners seek is attached to the Petition, filed concurrently herewith. -
GRAND OPENING Super L/Ustores
20—MANCFIESTER HERALD, Friday, Sept. 14, 1990 Friday, Saturday & Sunday Manchester Joins In The GRAND OPENING iManrhpfitpr MpralJi Weekend Edition, Saturday, Sept. 15,1990 Voted 1990 New England Newspaper of the Mear Newsstand Price: 35 Cents Gulf crisis hits new peak By LISA GENASCI The Associated Press Ai Iraq turned up the heat Friday on diplomats refusing to leave embassies in occupied Kuwait, while Western na MEMOREX Super l/UStores tions promised more soldiers, tanks and ships for the 90-Min. military machine confronting Iraq. Audio Ibpe 1329 Main Street, Willimantic Iraqi troops stormed the French ambassador’s residence, seizing four citizens, including a diplomat, the French Foreign Ministry said. Troops also burst into the Hassle-Frer Belgian compound and the Canadian ambassador’s residence. The consuls from the United States and four In-Sfore If you're about to I T other nations were briefly detained. The incidents in the oil-wealthy were the most serious Service confrontations involving diplomats in the emirate since Departirreiif Iraq ordered the embassies closed Aug 24. FTcsident Bush said the raids and brief detention of the buy an appliance... w m n i !■ American consul, who represents U.S. interests in Manchester Kuwait City, add up to “clear violation of international law.” Store Joins In the strongest show of force against Iraqi shipping, In The AI Sieffeifs Has The BEHER Deal! American troops fired a warning shot at an Iraqi tanker, then boarded it briefly. It was the first instance of U.S. Savings RCA • Zenith • Sony • Toshiba • Mitsubishi • Phiiips • GE • Whirlpool • Magic Chef forces boarding an Iraqi ship. -
Copyright by Benjamin Jonah Koch 2011
Copyright by Benjamin Jonah Koch 2011 The Dissertation Committee for Benjamin Jonah Koch Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Watchmen in the Night: The House Judiciary Committee’s Impeachment Inquiry of Richard Nixon Committee: David Oshinsky, Supervisor H.W. Brands Dagmar Hamilton Mark Lawrence Michael Stoff Watchmen in the Night: The House Judiciary Committee’s Impeachment Inquiry of Richard Nixon by Benjamin Jonah Koch, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2011 Dedication To my grandparents For their love and support Acknowledgements I owe an immense debt of gratitude to my dissertation supervisor, David Oshinsky. When I arrived in graduate school, I did not know what it meant to be a historian and a writer. Working with him, especially in the development of this manuscript, I have come to understand my strengths and weaknesses, and he has made me a better historian. Thank you. The members of my dissertation committee have each aided me in different ways. Michael Stoff’s introductory historiography seminar helped me realize exactly what I had gotten myself into my first year of graduate school—and made it painless. I always enjoyed Mark Lawrence’s classes and his teaching style, and he was extraordinarily supportive during the writing of my master’s thesis, as well as my qualifying exams. I workshopped the first two chapters of my dissertation in Bill Brands’s writing seminar, where I learned precisely what to do and not to do. -
Nixon's Caribbean Milieu, 1950–1968
Dark Quadrant: Organized Crime, Big Business, and the Corruption of American Democracy Online Appendix: Nixon’s Caribbean Milieu, 1950–1968 By Jonathan Marshall “Though his working life has been passed chiefly on the far shores of the continent, close by the Pacific and the Atlantic, some emotion always brings Richard Nixon back to the Caribbean waters off Key Biscayne and Florida.”—T. H. White, The Making of the President, 19681 Richard Nixon, like millions of other Americans, enjoyed Florida and the nearby islands of Cuba and the Bahamas as refuges where he could leave behind his many cares and inhibitions. But he also returned again and again to the region as an important ongoing source of political and financial support. In the process, the lax ethics of its shadier operators left its mark on his career. This Sunbelt frontier had long attracted more than its share of sleazy businessmen, promoters, and politicians who shared a get-rich-quick spirit. In Florida, hustlers made quick fortunes selling worthless land to gullible northerners and fleecing vacationers at illegal but wide-open gambling joints. Sheriffs and governors protected bookmakers and casino operators in return for campaign contributions and bribes. In nearby island nations, as described in chapter 4, dictators forged alliances with US mobsters to create havens for offshore gambling and to wield political influence in Washington. Nixon’s Caribbean milieu had roots in the mobster-infested Florida of the 1940s. He was introduced to that circle through banker and real estate investor Bebe Rebozo, lawyer Richard Danner, and Rep. George Smathers. Later this chapter will explore some of the diverse connections of this group by following the activities of Danner during the 1968 presidential campaign, as they touched on Nixon’s financial and political ties to Howard Hughes, the South Florida crime organization of Santo Trafficante, and mobbed-up hotels and casinos in Las Vegas and Miami. -
The Anchor, Volume 97.11: November 14, 1984
Hope College Hope College Digital Commons The Anchor: 1984 The Anchor: 1980-1989 11-14-1984 The Anchor, Volume 97.11: November 14, 1984 Hope College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/anchor_1984 Part of the Library and Information Science Commons Recommended Citation Repository citation: Hope College, "The Anchor, Volume 97.11: November 14, 1984" (1984). The Anchor: 1984. Paper 23. https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/anchor_1984/23 Published in: The Anchor, Volume 97, Issue 11, November 14, 1984. Copyright © 1984 Hope College, Holland, Michigan. This News Article is brought to you for free and open access by the The Anchor: 1980-1989 at Hope College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Anchor: 1984 by an authorized administrator of Hope College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Chinese Delegates Visit Hope Hope College had three ferent clubs which range from Chinese visitors on campus this photography to science. Each past Monday. May 20, Nanjing University's an- Nanjing University Vice- niversary, the clubs give special president Yuan Xiangwan, Pro- demonstrations of what they fessor of English Huang Cheng have done over the year. Feng, and International Educa- The three delegates are tion Professor Shang Zhen are visiting schools which they have halfway through a tour of various student exchanges with. They educational institutions in the were brought to Hope through a United States. grant from Exxon which has Mr. Yuan, with Mrs. Huang been providing for the interna- translating, addressed the facul- tionalizing of Hope's campus. ty at a luncheon. -
The Spectacle of the False-Flag
The Spectacle of the False-Flag THE SPECTACLE OF THE FALSE-FLAG: PARAPOLITICS FROM JFK TO WATERGATE Eric Wilson THE SPECTACLE OF THE FALSE-FLAG: PARAPOLITICS from JFK to WATERGATE Eric Wilson, Monash University 2015 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This work is Open Access, which means that you are free to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work as long as you clearly attribute the work to the author, that you do not use this work for commercial gain in any form whatsoever, and that you in no way, alter, transform, or build upon the work outside of its normal use in academic scholarship without express permission of the author and the publisher of this volume. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. First published in 2015 by Thought | Crimes an imprint of punctumbooks.com ISBN-13: 978-0988234055 ISBN-10: 098823405X and the full book is available for download via our Open Monograph Press website (a Public Knowledge Project) at: www.thoughtcrimespress.org a project of the Critical Criminology Working Group, publishers of the Open Access Journal: Radical Criminology: journal.radicalcriminology.org Contact: Jeff Shantz (Editor), Dept. of Criminology, KPU 12666 72 Ave. Surrey, BC V3W 2M8 [ + design & open format publishing: pj lilley ] I dedicate this book to my Mother, who watched over me as I slept through the spectacle in Dallas on November 22, 1963 and who was there to celebrate my birthday with me during the spectacle at the Watergate Hotel on June 17, 1972 Contents Editor©s Preface ................................................................ -
Video File Finding
Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum (714) 983 9120 ◦ http://www.nixonlibrary.gov ◦ [email protected] MAIN VIDEO FILE ● MVF-001 NBC NEWS SPECIAL REPORT: David Frost Interviews Henry Kissinger (10/11/1979) "Henry Kissinger talks about war and peace and about his decisions at the height of his powers" during four years in the White House Runtime: 01:00:00 Participants: Henry Kissinger and Sir David Frost Network/Producer: NBC News. Original Format: 3/4-inch U-Matic videotape Videotape. Cross Reference: DVD reference copy available. DVD reference copy available ● MVF-002 "CNN Take Two: Interview with John Ehrlichman" (1982, Chicago, IL and Atlanta, GA) In discussing his book "Witness to Power: The Nixon Years", Ehrlichman comments on the following topics: efforts by the President's staff to manipulate news, stopping information leaks, interaction between the President and his staff, FBI surveillance, and payments to Watergate burglars Runtime: 10:00 Participants: Chris Curle, Don Farmer, John Ehrlichman Keywords: Watergate Network/Producer: CNN. Original Format: 3/4-inch U-Matic videotape Videotape. DVD reference copy available ● MVF-003 "Our World: Secrets and Surprises - The Fall of (19)'48" (1/1/1987) Ellerbee and Gandolf narrate an historical overview of United States society and popular culture in 1948. Topics include movies, new cars, retail sales, clothes, sexual mores, the advent of television, the 33 1/3 long playing phonograph record, radio shows, the Berlin Airlift, and the Truman vs. Dewey presidential election Runtime: 1:00:00 Participants: Hosts Linda Ellerbee and Ray Gandolf, Stuart Symington, Clark Clifford, Burns Roper Keywords: sex, sexuality, cars, automobiles, tranportation, clothes, fashion Network/Producer: ABC News. -
Fall 2010 1 INDEPENDENT PUBLISHERS GROUP – FALL 2010 New Titles
INDEPENDENT PUBLISHERS GROUP Fall 2010 1 INDEPENDENT PUBLISHERS GROUP – FALL 2010 New Titles A Glee-ful salute for the legions of “gleeks” who can’t get enough of this new hit show Don’t Stop Believin’ The Unofficial Guide to Glee Erin Balser and Suzanne Gardner • $20,000 marketing budget; co-op available • Glee was the most successful new show of the 2009 television season, winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series—Musical or Comedy and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series • The final episode of Glee’s first season was watched by 8.9 million American viewers The fictional high school milieu of Glee—the wildly popular Fox television series that debuted in 2009—is celebrated and dissect- ed in this detailed companion to the series. The songs, the stu- dents, and the idiosyncratic teachers all come under affectionate scrutiny in this fan’s compendium. The familiar dramas that beset the members of the McKinley High glee club, New Directions, have struck a chord with a wide audience that ranges from tweens to 20-somethings and beyond. Glee watchers will relish this analysis of every relationship, fashion statement, insult, and triumph that is plumbed for greater meaning and nos- talgic pleasure. The music that is such a key element of the show—a careful mix of show tunes and popular hits—is also thoughtfully discussed. Trivia, in-jokes, profiles of the actors, and a detailed synopsis of the show’s first season make this an indis- pensable reference for the growing fan base of “gleeks” that are devoted to this fledgling television sensation. -
SCOREBOARD Basketball
20-MANGHESTER HERALD. Friday. April 5. 1991 NCAA rules are forcing swimmers to leave school WEEKEND EDITION ByJlM COUR she announced she was going to Each blamed the new NCAA rule, require you to spend more than 20 Ted Tow. the NCAA’s associate make a blanket restriction for all the give up her final two years of which takes effect in August. The Associated Press hours a week.” athletic director, said he wasn’t sports,” she said. “I don’t think they eligibility at Stanford. They said it cuts a world class Stanford women’s coach Richard 'surprised that Evans and Stewart want to take the time and effort to NCAA officials said Thursday swimmer’s supervised workout FEDEiyiL WAY. Wash. — The Quick, the man who is losing Evans, decided to leave school. look into each sport individually.” that its new rule is being, schedule, which usually averages 35 door is wide open for a mass exodus said the mie didn’t need any inter Tow disagreed. misinterpreted. They said Evans and to 40 hours a week. “It’s not the function of college of America’s big-name swimmers preting as far as he was concerned. athletics to prepare world class ath “The thing is, the motivation be FEATURES INSIDE other world class swimmers can still But while college swimming offi from college programs because of a “A swimmer can only do coach- letes.” said Tow. in San Diego for hind the so-called reform package get in as much supervised pool time cials criticized the new rule, the new NCAA rule that drastically supervised training 20 hours a was to free up some of the time as they like. -
Nixon's Wars: Secrecy, Watergate, and the CIA
Eastern Kentucky University Encompass Online Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship January 2016 Nixon's Wars: Secrecy, Watergate, and the CIA Chris Collins Eastern Kentucky University Follow this and additional works at: https://encompass.eku.edu/etd Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Collins, Chris, "Nixon's Wars: Secrecy, Watergate, and the CIA" (2016). Online Theses and Dissertations. 352. https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/352 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Encompass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Online Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Encompass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nixon’s Wars: Secrecy, Watergate, and the CIA By Christopher M. Collins Bachelor of Arts Eastern Kentucky University Richmond, Kentucky 2011 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Eastern Kentucky University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS December, 2016 Copyright © Christopher M. Collins, 2016 All rights reserved ii Acknowledgments I could not have completed this thesis without the support and generosity of many remarkable people. First, I am grateful to the entire EKU history department for creating such a wonderful environment in which to work. It has truly been a great experience. I am thankful to the members of my advisory committee, Dr. Robert Weise, Dr. Carolyn Dupont, and especially Dr. Thomas Appleton, who has been a true friend and mentor to me, and whose kind words and confidence in my work has been a tremendous source of encouragement, without which I would not have made it this far. -
Updates March 13, 2014)
Volume 12 | Issue 10 | Number 5 | Article ID 4090 | Mar 03, 2014 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus The State, the Deep State, and the Wall Street Overworld 国と 深層国家と超支者ウォール・ストリート (Updates March 13, 2014) Peter Dale Scott traditional Washington partisan politics: the tip of the iceberg that Updated March 13, 2014. German a public watching C-SPAN sees translation available. daily and which is theoretically controllable via elections. The subsurface part of the iceberg I shall call the Deep State, which In the last decade it has become more and operates according to its own more obvious that we have in America today compass heading regardless of what the journalists Dana Priest and William 3 who is formally in power. Arkin have called At the end of 2013 a New York Times Op-Ed two governments: the one its noted this trend, and even offered a definition citizens were familiar with, of the term that will work for the purposes of operated more or less in the open: this essay: the other a parallel top secret government whose parts had mushroomed in less than a decade DEEP STATE n. A hard-to- into a gigantic, sprawling universe perceive level of government or of its own, visible to only a super-control that exists regardless carefully vetted cadre – and its of elections and that may thwart entirety…visible only to God.1 popular movements or radical change. Some have said that Egypt is being manipulated by its deep And in 2013, particularly after the military state.4 return to power in Egypt, more and more authors referred to this second level