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Castanea Versus Hippocastanea Problem Early-Middle Givetian Rhynchonellid Genus

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Castanea Versus Hippocastanea Problem Early-Middle Givetian Rhynchonellid Genus BULLETIN DE L'INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE, SCIENCES DE LA TERRE, 57: 139-147, 1987 BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCH INSTITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN, AARDWETENSCHAPPEN, 57: 139-147, 1987 Re-examination of the castanea versus hippocastanea problem in the District of Mackenzie, and establishment of a new early-middle Givetian rhynchonellid genus by Paul SARTENAER Abstract was to critically examine the type species. Johnson (1974, p. 55) has aptly summarized the then prevailing Two Givetian species from the District of Mackenzie are examined: situation : "During the century following the proposai Rhynchonella castanea meek, 1867, of early Givetian age, which is of the genus Leiorhynchus Hall a large number of chosen as the type species of a new early-middle Givetian genus, Eliorhynchus, and Caryorhynchus hippocastanea crickmay, 1960 of species has been assigned to it, but little real unders¬ late Givetian age. Conflicting views of the past on the more or less tanding of Leiorhynchus was evident until Sarte¬ restricted understanding of the former species, and on the acceptance naer (1961) redescribed and reillustrated the type of the latter as a valid species, are briefly outlined. Some problems species, Leiorhynchus quadracostatus". As a matter related to the genus Ypsilorhynchus Sartenaer, 1970 are consi- of fact, the stage of confusion was such that almost dered. The necessity for a discussion of the historical, systematic and any mention of Leiorhynchus had to be considered as stratigraphical aspects of these taxa became evident during the study of the rhynchonellids described in a forthcoming paper by norris, meaningless, and any comparison of a genus with Uyeno and Sartenaer on the brachiopods and conodonts of the Leiorhynchus as whimsical. middle Givetian Bituminous limestone member of the Pine Point The unfortunate choice of the "Four-ribbed orthis (O. Formation, on the south side of the Great Slave Lake. quadracostata)" Vanuxem, 1842 as the type species - - Key-words: Eliorhynchus Rhynchonellid early-middle Givetian - was Western Canada. primarily responsible for the confusion, and I have listed (1961, p. 963) its disadvantages. We can now accept that Leiorhynchus quadracostatus is better understood. Résumé The second step to take was to reinvestigate the various taxa L'auteur examine deux espèces givetiennes du District du Mackenzie: unduly assigned to the genus Leiorhyn¬ Rhynchonella castanea meek, 1867, du début du Givetien, choisie chus. Although well under way the job is only partly comme espèce-type d'un genre nouveau, Eliorhynchus, du début et done, and a few problems remain unsolved or are de la partie moyenne du Givetien, et Caryorhynchus hippocastanea unsatisfactorily cleared up. Among such problems are Crickmay, 1960, de la fin du Givetien. Un bref exposé est fait sur the following to which I have recently devoted more les vues contradictoires quant à la compréhension plus ou moins attention in relation to a restrictive de la première espèce et à la reconnaissance de la seconde forthcoming paper, by nor- comme espèce valide. Quelques considérations sont émises à propos Ris, Uyeno and Sartenaer, on the brachiopods and du genre Ypsilorhynchus sartenaer, 1960. La nécessité d'une dis¬ conodonts of the middle Givetian Bituminous lime¬ cussion des aspects historique, systématique et stratigraphique de ces stone member of the Pine Point Formation, on the taxa s'est imposée au cours de l'étude de quelques Rhynchonellides, south side of the Great Slave Lake, District of qui paraîtra sous peu dans un travail consacré par norris, uyeno Mackenzie. In this paper the following two problems et sartenaer à la description des Brachiopodes et des Conodontes are dealt with: du calcaire bitumineux d'âge Givetien moyen de la Formation de 0 the understanding of Rhynchonella Pine Point sur la rive sud du Grand Lac des Esclaves. castanea Meek, 1867; this species has been included Mots-clefs: Eliorhynchus - Rhynchonellide - Givetien Inférieur, by most authors in the genus Leiorhynchus, but, for Moyen - Ouest canadien. the last fourteen years, has been attributed by North American authors to Ypsilorhynchus sartenaer, 1970; however, these workers consider Ypsilorhyn¬ I. - Introduction chus a subgenus of Leiorhynchus ; @ the validity, as a species, of Caryorhynchus hippocastanea crick¬ When, twenty years ago, I started to deal with the may, 1960, which contains the name of the previous problems connected with the genus Leiorhynchus species; the séparation of the two has not always been Hall, 1860, some 150 species, subspecies and varie- accepted. The problem of the systematic position of ties were assigned to it and its given range was : Silu- the Frasnian species still placed in the genus Leiorhyn¬ rian to Pennsylvanian. Of course, the first step I took chus will be treated in a separate paper. 140 Paul SARTENAER II. - Rhynchonella castanea Meek, 1867 versus he stated that there are "end forms so entirely distinct Caryorhynchus hippocastanea Crickmay, 1960 that they should be recognized by at least varietal names", that the assignment to the genus Leiorhyn¬ Rhynchonella castanea meek, 1867 being a species of chus Hall is doubtful, and, thus, that a new genus long standing, it seems reasonable to assume that it "may have to be erected". Later on, going further is well known, especially because of the excellent state into detail, Warren and Stelck recognized: three of préservation of the three primary types, and the distinct forms of L. castanea (1949, p. 142); a large new collections from the type locality and the type variety of L. castanea (1949, p. 142); L. cf. castanea, area. This is not the case and one should not mistake L. castanea sensu lata which "does not provide a re- the many references to the species found in the litera- stricted zone fossil", and L. castanea sensu strictu ture for the knowledge of the species; various taxa which "as described by Meek... from collections from are hidden under the numerous quotations of the last Anderson (Lockhart) River... is very distinct and... forty-five years. Consequently, comparisons with appears to be confined to a definite horizon... has not other species, or even with other genera, and in par- been reported from areas outside of the Northwest ticular with Caryorhynchus hippocastanea crickmay, Territories" (1950, p. 73); Caryorhynchus castanea 1960 are distorted at the outset. In order to illustrate var. (1956, pl. VIII, figs. 29-31, and Warren, 1957, this point it will suffice to give two examples of p. 2). Hence it appears that Warren and Stelck Rhynchonella castanea encompassing various taxa: from 1956 on, were content with Caryorhynchus McLaren (1962, pp. 83-91), in his description of the Crickmay, 1952 being the new genus suspected by species, included specimens from the type area as well Warren (1944, p. 112), although they later (1962, as from other régions in the Northwest Territories, pp. 276-280, 282) came back to Leiorhynchus, as did and from northeastern British Columbia, and also, as Crickmay (1970, p. 73) after having accepted Caryo¬ indicated by the synonymy, Caryorhynchus hippo¬ rhynchus castanea in his publications between 1952 castanea from the Northwest Territories, and Rhyn¬ and 1967. During this period all other authors [with chonella castanea from central Nevada described and the exception of Bassett and Stout (1967, p. 738), figured by Walcott (1884, pp. 153-155, pl. XV, who favoured C. castanea], including myself, have figs. 1, la, 4, 4a); johnson (1970, p. 2097) is of the maintained the Canadian species in the genus Leio¬ opinion that "Both large and small forms of Leiorhyn- rhynchus. chus castanea are known, and this was recognized at The form Bassett alluded to when he wrote "a simi- least as early as 1884 by Walcott as evidenced by lar but larger [than 'Nudirostra' castanea] species of his Plate 15, figures 1, 4". We know now that the 'Nudirostra'" (First International Symposium on Arc- small specimen (Pl. XV, figs. 1, la) figured by wal¬ tic Geology, held in Calgary, Alberta, January 11-13, cott (1884) can be included with great probability in 1960, published in 1961, p. 497, foot-note 6) is, in Leiorhynchus (Leiorhynchus) sartenaeri johnson, fact, nothing else than Warren and Stelck's large 1974, and I consider the large specimen (Pl. XV, variety. This large species becomes Caryorhynchus figs. 4, 4a) as not belonging to the Canadian species. hippocastanea of crickmay (1960, pp. 3, 13, 19); It is therefore not vain to briefly go over the views of Crickmay forgets to mention Bassett's statement, those authors, who have paid special attention to these but Johnson (1978, p. 126) set his heart on rectifying two species. The Lectotype of the former originates this omission. warren and stelck (1962, pp. 277, in the base (early Givetian) of the Hare Indian Forma¬ 278) did not accept this species and maintained that tion (as we know now; no age other than Devonian "The writers contend that this species is normally and no stratigraphie information in Meek's 1867 restricted to a mid portion of the Givetian Stage and publication) on Carnwath River (Lockhart River in that the form may be used as a time-stratigraphic Meek's 1867 publication) in the Lower Mackenzie marker"; "the authors have assumed that Leiorhyn¬ River Valley in the Northwest Territories. The Holo- chus hippocastanea crickmay is a local variant of L. type of the latter species occurs at the top (late Give¬ castanea (Meek), with the former probably confined tian) of the Ramparts Formation at the west end of to a later portion of the complete L. castanea 'range Carcajou Ridge in the Middle Mackenzie River Valley zone'". This is also the position of McLaren (1962, in the Northwest Territories. Mention of the two spe¬ pp. 83, 90, 104), who further, neither recognized the cies outside these areas are not dicussed in this paper, need to assign L.
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